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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Kse diev ខ្សែដៀវ</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoeun_Mek_tries_kse_diev_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Yoeun_Mek_tries_kse_diev_2001.jpg/168px-Yoeun_Mek_tries_kse_diev_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Yoeun_Mek_tries_kse_diev_2001.jpg/253px-Yoeun_Mek_tries_kse_diev_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Yoeun_Mek_tries_kse_diev_2001.jpg/337px-Yoeun_Mek_tries_kse_diev_2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3565" data-file-height="5285" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Khmer musician <a href="/wiki/Yoeun_Mek" title="Yoeun Mek">Yoeun Mek</a>, a master of the <a href="/wiki/Tro_u" class="mw-redirect" title="Tro u">tro u</a> fiddle, experiments with a one-stringed kse diev. Mek met kse diev master, Sok Duch, at Wat Bo in 2001.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #b0c4de"><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">String instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">ksae diev, say diev, sa diev, khsae muoy, khse muoy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <p><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">String instrument</a> </p> <a href="/wiki/Plucked_string_instrument" title="Plucked string instrument">Plucked string instrument</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_instruments_by_Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs_number:_311.211" title="List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 311.211">311.211</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />("Musical bow cum stick" (subeset of <a href="/wiki/Stick_zither" class="mw-redirect" title="Stick zither">stick zithers</a>, further subset of <a href="/wiki/Bar_zither" title="Bar zither">bar zithers</a>), musical bow cum stick, with rigid string carrier, curved flexible end, one attached resonator gourd.)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #b0c4de"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phin_pia" title="Phin pia">Phin pia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phin_namtao" class="mw-redirect" title="Phin namtao">Phin namtao</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>kse diev</b> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">ខ្សែដៀវ</span>) or <b><span title="Khmer-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="km-Latn">khse mhoy</span></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">ខ្សែមួយ</span>) is a Cambodian <a href="/wiki/Musical_bow" title="Musical bow">musical bow</a> with a single copper or brass string and a gourd resonator.<sup id="cite_ref-sam_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sam-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unesco_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resonator is held to the bow with a nylon cord and is open at the other end. The nylon cord holds on the resonator and acts as a loop around the copper string, bringing it to the stick. The nylon loop acts as the <a href="/wiki/Nut_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nut (instrument)">nut</a> on a guitar, the place below which the string vibrates and sound begins. </p><p>To play the instrument, the musician holds the open end of the gourd against his or her chest and plucks the copper string with a "tubular" plectrum of copper or plastic, worn on the fourth finger.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The musician controls the pitch of the notes by applying pressure on the string near the gourd with the first finger, moving up and down on the string.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pressure is applied and released to let the note sound; pressure and release are tools the musician can use to bend sound or control the way the sound falls off at the end of a pitch.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/String_harmonic" title="String harmonic">Harmonics</a> may be adjusted with the left hand by moving it to open and close the seal of the gourd against the player's chest.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A twelve-note range is normal.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kse dieve is often a solo instrument, but it may be played as well in the <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia#Arak" title="Music of Cambodia">aareak</a></i></span> orchestra, the traditional wedding orchestra (<span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">plenh kar boran</i></span>) and the <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">plenh areak</i></span> ("magic healing orchestra").<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kersale_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kersale-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the United Nations helped Cambodia to assess its cultural heritage, the kse diev was considered to be the country's oldest musical instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether or not it was the oldest, the instrument was played in the <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a> court of the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a>, and the instrument appeared in a bas-relief carving from the 12 or 13th century at the <a href="/wiki/Bayon" title="Bayon">Bayon</a> temple.<sup id="cite_ref-video_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-video-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to ethnomusicologist, Patrick Kersalé, "the first iconography [of the kse diev] in Cambodia dates back from the 7th c. in <a href="/wiki/Sambor_Prei_Kuk" title="Sambor Prei Kuk">Sambor Prei Kuk</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Kersale_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kersale-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Very few kse diev players survived the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> in the 1970s and the instrument almost disappeared from Cambodia.<sup id="cite_ref-video_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-video-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kersale_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kersale-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument has been saved by the remaining "master of the kse diev", Sok Duch (សុខ ឌុច), teaching others his instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-video_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-video-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kersale_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kersale-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1979, Sok Duch and now some of his students have been adding new players to the country's pool of musicians. With a group of players in existence to keep the kse diev from becoming extinct, the instrument and its traditional repertoire face the same big challenges that other traditional instruments face, the competition posed by modern music. Musicians are working now to make the instrument more popular.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kse muoy is a variant of the instrument, having an extra gourd on the bottom.<sup id="cite_ref-Vivi_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vivi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv/220px--Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="123" data-durationhint="184" data-mwtitle="Kse_Diev_សាយដៀវ.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv/Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="400" data-height="224" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv/Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="224" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="224" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv/Kse_Diev_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Kan Tom Ruy (កន្ទុំរុយ), a Cambodian, playing an amplified kse diev</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kse_diev&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kse_diev_at_Angkor_Wat,_North_Section,_16th_Century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kse_diev_at_Angkor_Wat%2C_North_Section%2C_16th_Century.jpg/220px-Kse_diev_at_Angkor_Wat%2C_North_Section%2C_16th_Century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kse_diev_at_Angkor_Wat%2C_North_Section%2C_16th_Century.jpg/330px-Kse_diev_at_Angkor_Wat%2C_North_Section%2C_16th_Century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kse_diev_at_Angkor_Wat%2C_North_Section%2C_16th_Century.jpg/440px-Kse_diev_at_Angkor_Wat%2C_North_Section%2C_16th_Century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Bas relief from the north gallery of <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a>, constructed in the 16th century AD, showing a musician playing a kse diev.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcGraw2007" class="citation journal cs1">McGraw, Andrew (2007). "The Pia's Subtle Sustain: Contemporary Ethnic Identity and the Revitalization of the Lanna "Heart Harp"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Asian Music</i>. <b>38</b> (2): 115–142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Famu.2007.0035">10.1353/amu.2007.0035</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4497058">4497058</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194111957">194111957</a>. <q>[Google-search extract of material from book (from Summer-Autumn, 2007 issue of Asian Music) for <a href="/wiki/Phin_pia" title="Phin pia">Phin pia</a>:] (Hornbostel, Sachs classification 311.211) and is extremely simple by design, consisting of a shaft of wood, a coconut-shell resonator at the top end, and</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Music&rft.atitle=The+Pia%27s+Subtle+Sustain%3A+Contemporary+Ethnic+Identity+and+the+Revitalization+of+the+Lanna+%22Heart+Harp%22&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-142&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194111957%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4497058%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Famu.2007.0035&rft.aulast=McGraw&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sam-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sam_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSam-Ang2008" class="citation book cs1">Sam-Ang, Sam (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetolcshinfor00doej/page/95">"The Khmer People of Cambodia"</a></span>. In Miller, Terry E.; Williams, Sean (eds.). <i>The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music</i>. New York: Taylor & Francis. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetolcshinfor00doej/page/95">95</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Khmer+People+of+Cambodia&rft.btitle=The+Garland+Handbook+of+Southeast+Asian+Music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Sam-Ang&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetolcshinfor00doej%2Fpage%2F95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikolova2000" class="citation book cs1">Nikolova, Ivanka, ed. (2000). <i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments, From all eras and regions of the world</i>. Bulgaria: Kibea Publishing Company. p. 86. <q>[caption illustrating image:] Musical bow (sa-din), Cambodia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Musical+Instruments%2C+From+all+eras+and+regions+of+the+world&rft.place=Bulgaria&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Kibea+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKheanDorivanLinaLenna" class="citation book cs1">Khean, Yun; Dorivan, Keo; Lina, Y; Lenna, Mao. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001352/135257mb.pdf"><i>Traditional Musical Instruments of Cambodia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kingdom of Cambodia: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. pp. 62–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Musical+Instruments+of+Cambodia&rft.place=Kingdom+of+Cambodia&rft.pages=62-66&rft.pub=United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.aulast=Khean&rft.aufirst=Yun&rft.au=Dorivan%2C+Keo&rft.au=Lina%2C+Y&rft.au=Lenna%2C+Mao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0013%2F001352%2F135257mb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTangtedChonpairotPikulsri2018" class="citation journal cs1">Tangted, Watchara; Chonpairot, Jarernchai; Pikulsri, Chalermsak (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graduate.ubru.ac.th/ubru-journal/assets/onlinefile/1548062824.pdf">"Khse-muoy in the Kingdom of Cambodia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Graduate School, Pitchayatat, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 291<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Graduate+School%2C+Pitchayatat%2C+Ubon+Ratchathani+Rajabhat+University&rft.atitle=Khse-muoy+in+the+Kingdom+of+Cambodia&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=291&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Tangted&rft.aufirst=Watchara&rft.au=Chonpairot%2C+Jarernchai&rft.au=Pikulsri%2C+Chalermsak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graduate.ubru.ac.th%2Fubru-journal%2Fassets%2Fonlinefile%2F1548062824.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kersale-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kersale_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kersale_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kersale_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kersale_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKersalé" class="citation web cs1">Kersalé, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soundsofangkor.org/english/khmer-instruments/zither-ksae-diev-va/">"Monochord stick zither – ksae diev"</a>. <i>Soundsofangkor.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Soundsofangkor.org&rft.atitle=Monochord+stick+zither+%E2%80%93+ksae+diev&rft.aulast=Kersal%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundsofangkor.org%2Fenglish%2Fkhmer-instruments%2Fzither-ksae-diev-va%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-video-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-video_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-video_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-video_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrNEeLLCk4">"Sok Duch, Master of the Kse Diev"</a>. Experience Cambodian Living Arts. 28 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2019</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sok+Duch%2C+Master+of+the+Kse+Diev&rft.pub=Experience+Cambodian+Living+Arts&rft.date=2009-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGrNEeLLCk4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dara Saoyuthnea (Producer). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tranvankhe-tranquanghai.com/category/khmer-music/"><i>ខ្សែដៀវ</i></a> [<i>One String</i>] (Motion Picture) (in Khmer). Cambodia: Dara Saoyuthnea (Producer). <q>[Song Sang, Associate Country Manager, Cambodian Living Arts:] Kse diev is one of the instruments that <i>Cambodian Living Arts</i> have been supporting for its revival...Now it is surviving we are trying to make it more popular... <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50sVTrNPghM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50sVTrNPghM</a></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C&rft.place=Cambodia&rft.pub=Dara+Saoyuthnea+%28Producer%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranvankhe-tranquanghai.com%2Fcategory%2Fkhmer-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vivi-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vivi_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiyal_BhattacharyaShreetama_Chowdhury2021" class="citation journal cs1">Piyal Bhattacharya; Shreetama Chowdhury (January–March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/national-security-vol-4-issue-1-article-pbhattachary&schowdhury.pdf">"How the Ancient Indian Vīṇā Travelled to Other Asian Countries: A Reconstruction through Scriptures, Sculptures, Paintings and Living Traditions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Security</i>. <b>4</b> (1). Vivekananda International Foundation: 53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Security&rft.atitle=How+the+Ancient+Indian+V%C4%AB%E1%B9%87%C4%81+Travelled+to+Other+Asian+Countries%3A+A+Reconstruction+through+Scriptures%2C+Sculptures%2C+Paintings+and+Living+Traditions&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=53&rft.date=2021-01%2F2021-03&rft.au=Piyal+Bhattacharya&rft.au=Shreetama+Chowdhury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vifindia.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fnational-security-vol-4-issue-1-article-pbhattachary%26schowdhury.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKersalé" class="citation web cs1">Kersalé, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soundsofangkor.org/english/ancient-instruments-va/zither-monochord-va/">"Monochord zither"</a>. <i>soundsofangkor.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2019</span>. <q>Angkor Wat, north gallery. 16th century</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=soundsofangkor.org&rft.atitle=Monochord+zither&rft.aulast=Kersal%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundsofangkor.org%2Fenglish%2Fancient-instruments-va%2Fzither-monochord-va%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKersalé" class="citation web cs1">Kersalé, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soundsofangkor.org/english/ancient-instruments-va/ancient-music-info/">"Monochord zither"</a>. <i>soundsofangkor.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2019</span>. <q>[Kersalé lists dates for different images that are useful to examine early Southeast Asian musical instruments, under the section 'Spatiotemporal marks for iconography.' His list helps to make clear the varying dates for Angkor Wat artwork:] Angkor Wat, west & south galleries: early 12th century...Angkor Wat, north gallery: 16th century...Angkor Wat, frescoes of the central tower: probably 16th century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=soundsofangkor.org&rft.atitle=Monochord+zither&rft.aulast=Kersal%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundsofangkor.org%2Fenglish%2Fancient-instruments-va%2Fancient-music-info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKse+diev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kse_diev&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambodianmasters.org/masters/Library/interviews/int_douch8.htm">Interview with Sok Douch, recorded in November of 2001 at Wat Bo in Siem Reap, conducted by Chath pier Sath and Arn Chorn-Pond.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50sVTrNPghM">Video about the drive to expand general knowledge of the kse diev in Cambodia.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soundsofangkor.org/english/khmer-instruments/zither-ksae-diev-va/">Kse diev page on <i>Sounds of Angkor</i>, a Cambodian-based site of traditional musical instruments.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khmertimeskh.com/202187/seeing-the-light-through-music/">Story of a blind man who went on to study the kse diev.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">Xylophones</a> or <a href="/wiki/Roneat" title="Roneat">roneat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roneat_ek" title="Roneat ek">Roneat ek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roneat_thung" title="Roneat thung">Roneat thung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roneat_dek" title="Roneat dek">Roneat dek / roneat thong</a> (metallophone)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gong_chime" title="Gong chime">Gong chimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kong_toch" title="Kong toch">Kong toch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_von_thom" title="Kong von thom">Kong von thom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_kon" title="Pat kon">Kong mon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gongs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kong_thom" title="Kong thom">Kong thom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_mong" title="Kong mong">Kong mong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_chmol" title="Kong chmol">Kong chmol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_nyee" title="Kong nyee">Kong nyee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmuoh" title="Khmuoh">Khmuoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lau_(instrument)" title="Lau (instrument)">Lau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kagn_Chram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kagn Chram (page does not exist)">Kagn Chram</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanderng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanderng (page does not exist)">Kanderng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skor_yeam" title="Skor yeam">Skor yeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samphor" title="Samphor">Samphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skor_sang_na" title="Skor sang na">Skor sang na</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skor_timila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skor timila (page does not exist)">Skor timila</a> ស្គរទីមីឡា (hourglass drum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skor_thom" title="Skor thom">Skor thom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skor_chhaiyam" title="Skor chhaiyam">Skor chhaiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skor_daey" title="Skor daey">Skor daey</a> (skor arak or aaroksa, skor kar, skor toch, skar ayai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skor_yike" title="Skor yike">Skor yike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thon_and_rammana" title="Thon and rammana">Thon and rammana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiddles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tro_(instrument)" title="Tro (instrument)">Tro</a> (tro sau thom, tro sau toch, tro che, tro ou, tro ou chamhieng)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tro_Khmer" title="Tro Khmer">Tro Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kan%C3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanö (page does not exist)">Kanö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27ni" title="K'ni">Mim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plucked: harps, zithers and lutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(harp)" title="Pin (harp)">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khim" title="Khim">Khim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krapeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Krapeu">Krapeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapei_dong_veng" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapei dong veng">Chapei dong veng</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kse diev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_ring" title="Kong ring">Kong ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khloy" title="Khloy">Khloy</a> (khloy ek, khloy thom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oboes and free reed pipes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sralai" title="Sralai">Sralai</a> (Sralai toch, sralai thom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khene" title="Khene">Kaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploy_(musical_instrument)" title="Ploy (musical instrument)">Ploy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pey_au" title="Pey au">Pey au</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pey_pok" title="Pey pok">Pey pok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkuoch" title="Angkuoch">Angkuoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneng" title="Sneng">Sneng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Horns and trumpets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tre_(instrument)" title="Tre (instrument)">Tre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneng" title="Sneng">Sneng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhing">Chhing</a> (finger chimes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chap_(instrument)" title="Chap (instrument)">Chap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krap" title="Krap">Krap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traw_dauk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traw dauk (page does not exist)">Traw dauk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyang_Saing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyang Saing (page does not exist)">Kyang Saing</a> ខ្យងស័ង្ខ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slek" class="mw-redirect" title="Slek">Slek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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