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Kupte 2, zaplaťte 1! - Ústav pro jazyk český

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</div> </div> <div class="divider !my-0"></div> </div> <article class="container"> <div class="flex lg:flex-row flex-col justify-between gap-8 !py-12"> <div class="max-w-[1000px]"> <header class="entry-content"> <h1 class="page-title text-left !text-5xl printable"> Kupte 2, zaplaťte 1! </h1> </header> <div class="shrink-0 block lg:hidden !mt-12 non-printable"> <aside> <p class="text-sm">Sdílet </p> <!-- <div>--><!--</div>--> <!-- <b>--><!--</b>--> <!-- <div class="mt-4"></div>--> <!-- <b>--><!--</b>--> <div class="flex flex-row items-center gap-4 mt-6"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://ujc.cas.cz/cs/zajimave-dotazy/v-jednom-z-potravinovych-retezcu-jsou-vylepeny-plakaty-s-reklamnim-sloganem-kupte-2-zaplatte-1-podle-me-je-to-nesmysl-protoze-nejde-neco-koupit-a-pritom/" target="_blank"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21.166" height="21.037" viewBox="0 0 21.166 21.037"> <path id="Icon_simple-facebook" data-name="Icon simple-facebook" d="M21.166,10.583A10.583,10.583,0,1,0,8.929,21.037V13.642H6.242V10.583H8.929V8.251c0-2.652,1.58-4.117,4-4.117a16.276,16.276,0,0,1,2.369.207v2.6H13.961A1.53,1.53,0,0,0,12.236,8.6v1.985h2.935L14.7,13.642H12.236v7.395A10.585,10.585,0,0,0,21.166,10.583Z" fill="#221c48"/> </svg> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=https://ujc.cas.cz/cs/zajimave-dotazy/v-jednom-z-potravinovych-retezcu-jsou-vylepeny-plakaty-s-reklamnim-sloganem-kupte-2-zaplatte-1-podle-me-je-to-nesmysl-protoze-nejde-neco-koupit-a-pritom/" target="_blank"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21.979" height="17.863" viewBox="0 0 21.979 17.863"> <path id="Icon_simple-twitter" data-name="Icon simple-twitter" d="M21.936,5.5a9.158,9.158,0,0,1-2.587.71,4.54,4.54,0,0,0,1.981-2.494A9.307,9.307,0,0,1,18.466,4.8a4.5,4.5,0,0,0-7.794,3.075A4.61,4.61,0,0,0,10.788,8.9,12.761,12.761,0,0,1,1.5,4.207a4.415,4.415,0,0,0-.61,2.266,4.506,4.506,0,0,0,2,3.751A4.491,4.491,0,0,1,.855,9.66v.056a4.508,4.508,0,0,0,3.614,4.42,4.547,4.547,0,0,1-2.026.078,4.521,4.521,0,0,0,4.216,3.129A9.037,9.037,0,0,1,1.071,19.27,9.563,9.563,0,0,1,0,19.209a12.816,12.816,0,0,0,6.92,2.023A12.726,12.726,0,0,0,19.74,8.425c0-.191,0-.385-.014-.577a9.1,9.1,0,0,0,2.253-2.333L21.936,5.5Z" transform="translate(0 -3.369)" fill="#221c48"/> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/?shareActive&mini=true&text=https%3A%2F%2Fujc.cas.cz%2Fcs%2Fzajimave-dotazy%2Fv-jednom-z-potravinovych-retezcu-jsou-vylepeny-plakaty-s-reklamnim-sloganem-kupte-2-zaplatte-1-podle-me-je-to-nesmysl-protoze-nejde-neco-koupit-a-pritom%2F" target="_blank"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20.972" height="20.972" viewBox="0 0 20.972 20.972"> <path id="Icon_simple-linkedin" data-name="Icon simple-linkedin" d="M17.867,17.871H14.762V13.005c0-1.16-.024-2.654-1.618-2.654-1.619,0-1.867,1.263-1.867,2.568v4.952H8.171V7.864h2.983V9.228h.04A3.273,3.273,0,0,1,14.14,7.612c3.147,0,3.729,2.071,3.729,4.767v5.493ZM4.664,6.5a1.8,1.8,0,1,1,1.8-1.8A1.8,1.8,0,0,1,4.664,6.5ZM6.221,17.871H3.106V7.864H6.221ZM19.421,0H1.548A1.529,1.529,0,0,0,0,1.511v17.95a1.528,1.528,0,0,0,1.548,1.511H19.418a1.534,1.534,0,0,0,1.554-1.511V1.511A1.535,1.535,0,0,0,19.418,0Z" fill="#221c48"/> </svg> </a> <a href="javascript:if(window.print)window.print()" class="ml-4"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26.345" height="23.711" viewBox="0 0 26.345 23.711"> <path id="print_FILL0_wght400_GRAD0_opsz48_1_" data-name="print_FILL0_wght400_GRAD0_opsz48 (1)" d="M23.035,12.323V7.976H11.311v4.347H9.335V6H25.011v6.323ZM5.976,14.3h0ZM25.7,17.427a1.013,1.013,0,1,0-.692-.3A.948.948,0,0,0,25.7,17.427ZM23.035,27.735V21.412H11.311v6.323Zm1.976,1.976H9.335v-5.8H4v-8.1a3.431,3.431,0,0,1,3.491-3.491H26.855a3.431,3.431,0,0,1,3.491,3.491v8.1H25.011Zm3.359-7.772V15.814A1.465,1.465,0,0,0,26.855,14.3H7.491a1.465,1.465,0,0,0-1.515,1.515v6.125H9.335v-2.5H25.011v2.5Z" transform="translate(-4 -6)" fill="#221c48"/> </svg> </a> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="mt-16"> <!--<div class="font-bold text-md"> Odpověď: </div>--> <div> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>V&nbsp;jednom z&nbsp;potravinových řetězců jsou vylepeny plakáty s&nbsp;reklamním sloganem „kupte&nbsp;2, zaplaťte&nbsp;1!“. Podle mě je to nesmysl, protože nejde něco koupit, a&nbsp;přitom za to nezaplatit. Souhlasíte se mnou?</strong></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>S&nbsp;Vaším dotazem bychom mohli být rychle hotovi. Podle českých výkladových slovníků (SSČ, SSJČ) totiž <em>koupit</em> znamená ‚získat za peníze‘ a&nbsp;<em>zaplatit</em> ‚dát peníze za něj. hodnoty, věci, práci‘. Za druhý kus, ten, který je zadarmo, podle sloganu neplatíme (slogan říká: zaplaťte&nbsp;1), zároveň ho ovšem kupujeme (slogan říká: kupte 2, tedy i&nbsp;ten první), což by podle slovníkové definice znamenalo, že za něj platíme. Slogan tedy na první pohled jako by říkal, že za něco dáme i&nbsp;nedáme peníze zároveň a&nbsp;sloveso <em>koupit</em> je v&nbsp;něm užito v&nbsp;rozporu se svým – slovníkovým – významem.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Přesto slogan nezní nijak rozporně, je srozumitelný; dobře chápeme, jak celá akce při nakupování proběhne a&nbsp;kolik dané kusy budou stát. Jak to? Možná proto, že slovníkové definice sloves <em>koupit</em> a&nbsp;<em>zaplatit</em> nepostihují dokonale způsob jejich užívání a&nbsp;jejich význam podávají příliš obecně. Nejsou přímo nepřesné, ale vzhledem k&nbsp;různým situacím při nakupování a&nbsp;placení u&nbsp;pokladny či na internetu málo nuancované. Podívejme se na několik situačně-myšlenkových experimentů, které doloží, v&nbsp;čem je potíž.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Kdyby někomu u&nbsp;pokladny řekli „jste dnes tisící zákazník, celý svůj nákup máte od nás zadarmo“, nebylo by možné říct, že onen šťastný zákazník všechno nabyté zboží <em>koupil</em>. Tuto situaci bychom nejspíš popsali tak, že za nákup nemusel platit, dostal ho zadarmo atp. (Věta „dnes jsem nakoupil za 0 korun“ by byla bez popisu toho, co se vlastně stalo, nesrozumitelná; navíc je to evidentně hra s&nbsp;jazykem, založená na kontrastu <em>koupit</em> a <em>za 0</em>.) Závěr: Při <em>nakupování</em> je třeba zaplatit, předat peníze – jinak to není <em>nakupování</em>.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Dále si představme, že jdu s&nbsp;manželkou, dcerou, synem atp. nakupovat. Můj doprovod si něco vybere, a&nbsp;protože z&nbsp;toho mám radost, navrhnu, že to zaplatím. Když se tím pak někomu dalšímu chci pochlubit a&nbsp;řeknu např. „manželka si včera koupila nové kolo“, může manželka dodat a&nbsp;upřesnit: „ale zaplatil ho můj manžel“. Závěr: Když někdo něco koupil, neznamená to, že to i&nbsp;zaplatil. Ten, kdo (si) danou věc koupil, se nemusí krýt s&nbsp;tím, kdo ji zaplatil (srov.&nbsp;např.&nbsp;musím koupit benzín, zaplatíš to teď ty, prosím?).&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Nakonec si představme následující situaci. Parta kamarádů je na výletě. Potřebují se občerstvit a&nbsp;narazí na samoobsluhu. Většině se dovnitř na nákup nechce, a&nbsp;tak se dva z&nbsp;nich nabídnou, že něco vyberou a&nbsp;nakoupí občerstvení pro všechny. Když jsou na řadě u&nbsp;pokladny, zazvoní tomu, který se chystal předat u&nbsp;pokladny peníze, najednou telefon, je to důležitý hovor, a&nbsp;tak se omluví, strčí peníze svému kamarádovi do ruky a&nbsp;poprosí ho, aby je u&nbsp;poklady předal on – a&nbsp;to se i&nbsp;stane. Když oba nakupující vyjdou ven, zeptají se čekající kamarádi, kolik nákup stál a&nbsp;kdo ho zaplatil, aby mu mohli za sebe dát poměrnou částku. Na základě slovníkové definice jde říct, že nákup zaplatili oba, protože oba ‚dali peníze za nějaké věci‘ – první je pře-dal, druhý je dal ze svého. Je jasné, že poměrnou částku za nákup má dostat ten, čí byly peníze, ne ten, který je „jen“ předal. Podobná je situace, když pošlu dceru nebo syna na nákup pro zapomenutou věc a dám jim svou dvousetkorunu; u&nbsp;pokladny platí někdo z&nbsp;dětí, ale peníze ze svého dávám já, peníze jsou moje, ne dětí. A totéž ilustruje situace, když dám v&nbsp;restauraci manželce tisícikorunu a&nbsp;poprosím ji, aby zaplatila za oběd, protože jdu např.&nbsp;přistavit auto nebo si potřebuju nutně odskočit. Věta „zaplatíš to?“ znamená v&nbsp;různých kontextech různé věci. Doplněna o&nbsp;pokračování „mám plné ruce, vytáhni mi prosím tě z peněženky v kapse pětistovku a zaplať to“ odkazuje k&nbsp;uskutečnění transakce, zatímco doplněná o&nbsp;„já už nemám s sebou asi dost peněz“ odkazuje k&nbsp;tomu, kdo nákup financuje. Závěr: Zaplatit může znamenat jak předat při placení peníze, tak nákup financovat, zaplatit ho ze svého.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Slogan „kupte&nbsp;2, zaplaťte&nbsp;1!“ je pak dalším specifickým případem tohoto typu. Jde-li např. o&nbsp;láhev vína za 100&nbsp;Kč, čistě logicky (a&nbsp;jak nám sugeruje slogan) by se dalo říct, že první láhev kupujeme za 100&nbsp;Kč a&nbsp;druhou za 0&nbsp;Kč, což by mělo blokovat možnost použít ve sloganu slovo <em>koupit</em>. Stejně tak by se ale dalo říct, že v&nbsp;případě koupě dvou láhví najednou stojí první 50&nbsp;Kč a&nbsp;druhá také 50&nbsp;Kč, když za dvě láhve zaplatíme 100&nbsp;Kč. Situace se tedy dá pojímat různě. Její logickou strukturu nejspíš vnímáme tak, že kupujeme dvojici lahví (dvojice tvoří jednotku) za cenu, kterou by jindy stála jen jedna z&nbsp;nich. Důkazem by mohl být obvyklejší reklamní slogan se stejným významem: „Dva za cenu jednoho!“. Ať už je poslední tvrzení pravdivé, nebo ne, důležité je, že existují taková pojetí logické struktury celé situace, v&nbsp;nichž se platí za obě láhve, čímž se otevírá možnost použít v&nbsp;daném sloganu a&nbsp;kontextu sloveso <em>koupit</em>. Druhá láhev vždycky něco stojí, její cena jen byla snížena (prodává se v&nbsp;rámci dvojice, za cenu, která je určena pro tuto dvojici, odpovídá-li cena za dvojici původní ceně jedné lahve, je každá láhev z&nbsp;dvojice zlevněna na polovinu; prodává se za 50&nbsp;% své původní ceny). Reklamní slogan nám pak toto <em>de facto</em> zlevnění na polovinu podává tak, že za jednu láhev neplatíme nic, máme ji zadarmo, což je z&nbsp;hlediska marketingu, přiznejme, asi šikovný tah. V&nbsp;logické struktuře celé situace však láhev zadarmo není, resp.&nbsp;být nutně nemusí (dvě láhve tvoří jednotku, platíme za jednotku čili za obě láhve); na povrchu, jazykově je ovšem situace ztvárněna tak, jako by druhá láhev byla zadarmo (druhou láhev <em>koupíme</em>, ale <em>nezaplatíme</em>). Odtud nejspíš váš dotaz.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Stále tedy platí, že bez peněz nic nekoupíme, jen je to s&nbsp;nakupováním a&nbsp;placením složité – už jen z&nbsp;lingvistického, významového hlediska. Budoucí slovníkové definice by tyto nuance měly zohlednit, být diferencovanější.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"align":"right"} --> <p class="has-text-align-right"><em>mb</em>&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> </div> </div> <div class="non-printable"> </div> </div> <div class="shrink-0 hidden lg:block lg:w-[200px] non-printable"> <aside> <p class="text-sm">Sdílet </p> <!-- <div>--><!--</div>--> <!-- <b>--><!--</b>--> <!-- <div class="mt-4"></div>--> <!-- <b>--><!--</b>--> <div class="flex flex-row items-center gap-4 mt-6"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://ujc.cas.cz/cs/zajimave-dotazy/v-jednom-z-potravinovych-retezcu-jsou-vylepeny-plakaty-s-reklamnim-sloganem-kupte-2-zaplatte-1-podle-me-je-to-nesmysl-protoze-nejde-neco-koupit-a-pritom/" target="_blank"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21.166" height="21.037" viewBox="0 0 21.166 21.037"> <path id="Icon_simple-facebook" 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