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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3i&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3i">802.3i</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethernet physical layers using twisted-pair cables</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10baseT_cable.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/10baseT_cable.jpeg/200px-10baseT_cable.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/10baseT_cable.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="188" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Standard twisted-pair cable usable for most common types of Ethernet</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10baseT_jack.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/10baseT_jack.png/200px-10baseT_jack.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/10baseT_jack.png 1.5x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/8P8C" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C">8P8C</a> plug</div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Ethernet over twisted-pair</b> technologies use <a href="/wiki/Twisted-pair_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Twisted-pair cable">twisted-pair cables</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Physical_layer" title="Physical layer">physical layer</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> computer network. They are a subset of all <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_physical_layer" title="Ethernet physical layer">Ethernet physical layers</a>. </p><p>Early Ethernet used various grades of <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a>, but in 1984, <a href="/wiki/StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a> showed the potential of simple <a href="/wiki/Unshielded_twisted_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Unshielded twisted pair">unshielded twisted pair</a>. This led to the development of <b>10BASE-T</b> and its successors <a href="/wiki/100BASE-TX" class="mw-redirect" title="100BASE-TX">100BASE-TX</a>, <a href="/wiki/1000BASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="1000BASE-T">1000BASE-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/10GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="10GBASE-T">10GBASE-T</a> and <a href="/wiki/40GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="40GBASE-T">40GBASE-T</a>, supporting speeds of 10 and 100 <a href="/wiki/Megabit_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabit per second">megabit per second</a>, then 1, 10 and 40 gigabit per second respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two new variants of 10 megabit per second Ethernet over a <i>single</i> twisted pair, known as <b>10BASE-T1S</b> and <b>10BASE-T1L</b>, were standardized in IEEE Std 802.3cg-2019.<sup id="cite_ref-ieee802.3CG_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieee802.3CG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10BASE-T1S has its origins in the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a> and may be useful in other short-distance applications where substantial electrical noise is present.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10BASE-T1L is a long-distance Ethernet, supporting connections up to 1 km in length. Both of these standards are finding applications implementing the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a>. 10BASE-T1S is a direct competitor of <a href="/wiki/CAN_bus" title="CAN bus">CAN XL</a> in the automotive space and includes a <a href="/wiki/PHY-Level_Collision_Avoidance" title="PHY-Level Collision Avoidance">PHY-Level Collision Avoidance</a> scheme (PLCA).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earlier standards use <a href="/wiki/8P8C_modular_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C modular connector">8P8C modular connectors</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and supported cable standards range from <a href="/wiki/Category_3_cable" title="Category 3 cable">Category 3</a> to <a href="/wiki/Category_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 8">Category 8</a>. These cables typically have four pairs of wires for each connection, although early Ethernet used only two of the pairs. Unlike the earlier -T standards, the -T1 interfaces were designed to operate over a single pair of conductors and introduce the use of two new connectors referred to as IEC 63171-1<sup id="cite_ref-IEC_63171-1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC_63171-1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and IEC 63171-6.<sup id="cite_ref-IEC_63171-6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC_63171-6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first two early designs of twisted-pair networking were <a href="/wiki/StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a>, standardized by the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Standards_Association" title="IEEE Standards Association">IEEE Standards Association</a> as <a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.3" title="IEEE 802.3">IEEE 802.3e</a> in 1986, at one megabit per second,<sup id="cite_ref-urs_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/LattisNet" title="LattisNet">LattisNet</a>, developed in January 1987, at 10 megabit per second.<sup id="cite_ref-syn_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syn-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wise_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wise-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both were developed before the 10BASE-T standard (published in 1990 as IEEE 802.3i) and used different signaling, so they were not directly compatible with it.<sup id="cite_ref-Network_Maintenance_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Network_Maintenance-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988, AT&T released StarLAN 10, named for working at 10 Mbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The StarLAN 10 signaling was used as the basis of 10BASE-T, with the addition of <i>link beat</i> to quickly indicate connection status.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using twisted-pair cabling in a <a href="/wiki/Star_topology" class="mw-redirect" title="Star topology">star topology</a> addressed several weaknesses of the previous Ethernet standards: </p> <ul><li>Twisted-pair cables were already in use for telephone service and were already present in many office buildings, lowering the overall cost of deployment</li> <li>The centralized star topology was also already often in use for telephone service cabling, as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Bus_topology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus topology">bus topology</a> required by earlier Ethernet standards</li> <li>Using point-to-point links was less prone to failure and greatly simplified troubleshooting compared to a shared bus</li> <li>Exchanging cheap <a href="/wiki/Repeater_hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeater hub">repeater hubs</a> for more advanced <a href="/wiki/Switching_hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Switching hub">switching hubs</a> provided a viable upgrade path</li> <li>Mixing different speeds in a single network became possible with the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Fast_Ethernet" title="Fast Ethernet">Fast Ethernet</a></li> <li>Depending on <a href="/wiki/Twisted_pair#Types" title="Twisted pair">cable grades</a>, subsequent upgrading to <a href="/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet">Gigabit Ethernet</a> or faster could be accomplished by replacing the network switches</li></ul> <p>Although 10BASE-T is rarely used as a normal-operation signaling rate today, it is still in wide use with <a href="/wiki/Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">network interface controllers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wake-on-LAN" title="Wake-on-LAN">wake-on-LAN</a> power-down mode and for special, low-power, low-bandwidth applications. 10BASE-T is still supported on most twisted-pair Ethernet ports with up to <a href="/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet">Gigabit Ethernet</a> speed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming">Naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_physical_layer#Naming_conventions" title="Ethernet physical layer">Ethernet physical layer § Naming conventions</a></div> <p>The common names for the standards derive from aspects of the physical media. The leading number (<i>10</i> in 10BASE-T) refers to the transmission speed in Mbit/s. <i>BASE</i> denotes that <a href="/wiki/Baseband" title="Baseband">baseband</a> transmission is used. The <i>T</i> designates twisted-pair cable. Where there are several standards for the same <a href="/wiki/Transmission_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission speed">transmission speed</a>, they are distinguished by a letter or digit following the T, such as <i>TX</i> or <i>T4</i>, referring to the encoding method and number of lanes.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabling">Cabling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cabling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rj45plug-8p8c.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Rj45plug-8p8c.png/240px-Rj45plug-8p8c.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Rj45plug-8p8c.png/360px-Rj45plug-8p8c.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Rj45plug-8p8c.png/480px-Rj45plug-8p8c.png 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="846" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/8P8C" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C">8P8C</a> modular plug pin positioning</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em"> <caption><a href="/wiki/ANSI/TIA-568" title="ANSI/TIA-568">ANSI/TIA-568</a> T568A termination </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Pin</th> <th>Pair</th> <th>Wire<sup id="cite_ref-tipring_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tipring-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Color </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>tip </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_white_green_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 3 Wire 1"><img alt="Pair 3 Wire 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wire_white_green_stripe.svg/60px-Wire_white_green_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wire_white_green_stripe.svg/90px-Wire_white_green_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wire_white_green_stripe.svg/120px-Wire_white_green_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> white/green </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>ring </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_green.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 3 Wire 2"><img alt="Pair 3 Wire 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wire_green.svg/60px-Wire_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wire_green.svg/90px-Wire_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wire_green.svg/120px-Wire_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> green </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>tip </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 2 Wire 1"><img alt="Pair 2 Wire 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg/60px-Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg/90px-Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg/120px-Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> white/orange </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>ring </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 1 Wire 2"><img alt="Pair 1 Wire 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wire_blue.svg/60px-Wire_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wire_blue.svg/90px-Wire_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wire_blue.svg/120px-Wire_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> blue </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>tip </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 1 Wire 1"><img alt="Pair 1 Wire 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg/60px-Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg/90px-Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg/120px-Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> white/blue </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>2</td> <td>ring </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_orange.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 2 Wire 2"><img alt="Pair 2 Wire 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wire_orange.svg/60px-Wire_orange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wire_orange.svg/90px-Wire_orange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wire_orange.svg/120px-Wire_orange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> orange </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>tip </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 4 Wire 1"><img alt="Pair 4 Wire 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg/60px-Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg/90px-Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg/120px-Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> white/brown </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>ring </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_brown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 4 Wire 2"><img alt="Pair 4 Wire 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wire_brown.svg/60px-Wire_brown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wire_brown.svg/90px-Wire_brown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wire_brown.svg/120px-Wire_brown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> brown </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em"> <caption><a href="/wiki/ANSI/TIA-568" title="ANSI/TIA-568">ANSI/TIA-568</a> T568B termination </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Pin</th> <th>Pair</th> <th>Wire<sup id="cite_ref-tipring_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tipring-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Color </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>tip </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 2 Wire 1"><img alt="Pair 2 Wire 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg/60px-Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg/90px-Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg/120px-Wire_white_orange_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> white/orange </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>ring </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_orange.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 2 Wire 2"><img alt="Pair 2 Wire 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wire_orange.svg/60px-Wire_orange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wire_orange.svg/90px-Wire_orange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wire_orange.svg/120px-Wire_orange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> orange </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>tip </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_white_green_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 3 Wire 1"><img alt="Pair 3 Wire 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wire_white_green_stripe.svg/60px-Wire_white_green_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wire_white_green_stripe.svg/90px-Wire_white_green_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wire_white_green_stripe.svg/120px-Wire_white_green_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> white/green </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>ring </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 1 Wire 2"><img alt="Pair 1 Wire 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wire_blue.svg/60px-Wire_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wire_blue.svg/90px-Wire_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wire_blue.svg/120px-Wire_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> blue </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>tip </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 1 Wire 1"><img alt="Pair 1 Wire 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg/60px-Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg/90px-Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg/120px-Wire_white_blue_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> white/blue </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> <td>ring </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_green.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 3 Wire 2"><img alt="Pair 3 Wire 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wire_green.svg/60px-Wire_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wire_green.svg/90px-Wire_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wire_green.svg/120px-Wire_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> green </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>tip </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 4 Wire 1"><img alt="Pair 4 Wire 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg/60px-Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg/90px-Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg/120px-Wire_white_brown_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> white/brown </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>ring </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wire_brown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair 4 Wire 2"><img alt="Pair 4 Wire 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wire_brown.svg/60px-Wire_brown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wire_brown.svg/90px-Wire_brown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wire_brown.svg/120px-Wire_brown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> brown </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most Ethernet cables are wired <i>straight-through</i> (pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, and so on). In some instances, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_crossover_cable" title="Ethernet crossover cable">crossover</a></i> form (receive to transmit and transmit to receive) may still be required. </p><p>Cables for Ethernet may be wired to either the <a href="/wiki/ANSI/TIA-568#T568A_and_T568B_termination" title="ANSI/TIA-568">T568A or T568B</a> termination standards at both ends of the cable. Since these standards differ only in that they swap the positions of the two pairs used for transmitting and receiving, a cable with T568A wiring at one end and T568B wiring at the other results in a crossover cable. </p><p>A 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX host uses a connector wiring called <a href="/wiki/Medium_dependent_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium dependent interface">medium dependent interfaces</a> (MDI), transmitting on pins 1 and 2 and receiving on pins 3 and 6 to a network device. An infrastructure node (a <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_hub" title="Ethernet hub">hub</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet switch">switch</a>) accordingly uses a connector wiring called MDI-X, transmitting on pins 3 and 6 and receiving on pins 1 and 2. These ports are connected using a <a href="/wiki/Straight-through_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-through cable">straight-through cable</a> so each transmitter talks to the receiver on the other end of the cable. </p><p>Nodes can have two types of ports: MDI (uplink port) or MDI-X (regular port, 'X' for internal crossover). Hubs and switches have regular ports. Routers, servers and end hosts (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>) have uplink ports. When two nodes having the same type of ports need to be connected, a crossover cable may be required, especially for older equipment. Connecting nodes having different types of ports (i.e., MDI to MDI-X and vice versa) requires a straight-through cable. Thus connecting an end host to a hub or switch requires a straight-through cable. Some older switches and hubs provided a button to allow a port to act as either a normal (regular) or an uplink port, i.e. using MDI-X or MDI pinout, respectively. </p><p>Many modern Ethernet host adapters can automatically detect another computer connected with a straight-through cable and then automatically introduce the required crossover if needed; if neither of the adapters has this capability, then a crossover cable is required. Most newer switches have <a href="/wiki/Auto_MDI-X" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto MDI-X">auto MDI-X</a> on all ports allowing all connections to be made with straight-through cables. If both devices being connected support 1000BASE-T according to the standards, they will connect regardless of whether a straight-through or crossover cable is used.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 10BASE-T transmitter sends two <a href="/wiki/Differential_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential signaling">differential</a> voltages, +2.5 V or −2.5 V. A 100BASE-TX transmitter sends three differential voltages, +1 V, 0 V, or −1 V.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike earlier Ethernet standards using <a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">broadband</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/10BASE5" title="10BASE5">10BASE5</a> (thicknet) and <a href="/wiki/10BASE2" title="10BASE2">10BASE2</a> (thinnet), 10BASE-T does not specify the exact type of wiring to be used but instead specifies certain characteristics that a cable must meet. This was done in anticipation of using 10BASE-T in existing twisted-pair wiring systems that did not conform to any specified wiring standard. Some of the specified characteristics are <a href="/wiki/Attenuation" title="Attenuation">attenuation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Characteristic_impedance" title="Characteristic impedance">characteristic impedance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propagation_delay" title="Propagation delay">propagation delay</a>, and several types of <a href="/wiki/Crosstalk" title="Crosstalk">crosstalk</a>. Cable testers are widely available to check these parameters to determine if a cable can be used with 10BASE-T. These characteristics are expected to be met by 100 meters of 24-<a href="/wiki/American_wire_gauge" title="American wire gauge">gauge</a> unshielded twisted-pair cable. However, with high-quality cabling, reliable cable runs of 150 meters or longer are often achievable and are considered viable by technicians familiar with the 10BASE-T specification.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>100BASE-TX follows the same wiring patterns as 10BASE-T, but is more sensitive to wire quality and length, due to the higher <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">bit rates</a>. </p><p>1000BASE-T uses all four pairs bi-directionally using <a href="/wiki/Telephone_hybrid" title="Telephone hybrid">hybrid circuits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Echo_suppression_and_cancellation" title="Echo suppression and cancellation">cancellers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Data is encoded using 4D-PAM5; four dimensions using <a href="/wiki/Pulse-amplitude_modulation" title="Pulse-amplitude modulation">pulse-amplitude modulation</a> (PAM) with five <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltages</a>, −2 V, −1 V, 0 V, +1 V, and +2 V.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While +2 V to −2 V may appear at the pins of the line driver, the voltage on the cable is nominally +1 V, +0.5 V, 0 V, −0.5 V and −1 V.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T were both designed to require a minimum of <a href="/wiki/Category_5_cable" title="Category 5 cable">category 5 cable</a> and also specify a maximum cable length of 100 metres (330 ft). Category 5 cable has since been deprecated and new installations use Category 5e. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shared_cable">Shared cable</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shared cable"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category_5_cable#Shared_cable" title="Category 5 cable">Category 5 cable § Shared cable</a></div> <p>10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX require only two pairs (pins 1–2, 3–6) to operate. Since common Category 5 cable has four pairs, it is possible to use the spare pairs (pins 4–5, 7–8) in 10- and 100-Mbit/s configurations for other purposes. The spare pairs may be used for <a href="/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet" title="Power over Ethernet">power over Ethernet</a> (PoE), for two <a href="/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service" title="Plain old telephone service">plain old telephone service</a> (POTS) lines, or for a second 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX connection. In practice, great care must be taken to separate these pairs as 10/100-Mbit/s Ethernet equipment <a href="/wiki/Electrical_termination" title="Electrical termination">electrically terminates</a> the unused pins ("Bob Smith Termination").<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shared cable is not an option for Gigabit Ethernet as 1000BASE-T requires all four pairs to operate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single-pair">Single-pair<span class="anchor" id="SPE"></span><span class="anchor" id="Single-pair_Ethernet"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Single-pair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the more computer-oriented two and four-pair variants, the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Ethernet#10BASE-T1" title="Classic Ethernet">10BASE-T1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/100BASE-T1" class="mw-redirect" title="100BASE-T1">100BASE-T1</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/1000BASE-T1" class="mw-redirect" title="1000BASE-T1">1000BASE-T1</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> single-pair Ethernet (SPE) physical layers are intended for industrial and automotive applications<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as optional data channels in other interconnect applications.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distances that single pair operates at full duplex depends on the speed: 1000m (1km) with 802.3cg-2019 10BASE-T1L; 15 m or 49 ft with 100BASE-T1 (link segment type A); up to 40 m or 130 ft using 1000BASE-T1 link segment type B with up to four in-line connectors. Both physical layers require a balanced twisted pair with an <a href="/wiki/Impedance_(electrical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Impedance (electrical)">impedance</a> of 100 Ω. The cable must be capable of transmitting 600 MHz for 1000BASE-T1 and 66 MHz for 100BASE-T1. 2.5 Gb/s, 5 Gb/s, and 10 Gb/s over a 15 m single pair is standardized in 802.3ch-2020.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2023, 802.3cy added 25 Gb/s speeds at lengths up to 11 m.<sup id="cite_ref-ieee802.3cy-2023_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieee802.3cy-2023-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar to PoE, <a href="/wiki/Power_over_Data_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Power over Data Lines">Power over Data Lines</a> (PoDL) can provide up to 50 W to a device.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connectors">Connectors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Connectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M12X_vs_8P8C_ethernet_connectors.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/M12X_vs_8P8C_ethernet_connectors.webp/220px-M12X_vs_8P8C_ethernet_connectors.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/M12X_vs_8P8C_ethernet_connectors.webp/330px-M12X_vs_8P8C_ethernet_connectors.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/M12X_vs_8P8C_ethernet_connectors.webp/440px-M12X_vs_8P8C_ethernet_connectors.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Category_6A_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 6A cable">Cat 6A cable</a> with an M12X connector in one end and a modular connector in the other</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8P8C_modular_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C modular connector">8P8C modular connector</a>: For stationary uses in controlled environments, from homes to <a href="/wiki/Datacenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Datacenter">datacenters</a>, this is the dominant connector. Its fragile locking tab otherwise limits its suitability and durability. Bandwidths supporting up to <a href="/wiki/Cat_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat 8">Cat 8</a> cabling are defined for this connector format.</li> <li>M12X: This is the <a href="/wiki/M12_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="M12 connector">M12 connector</a> designated for Ethernet, standardized as IEC 61076-2-109. It is a 12 mm metal screw that houses 4 shielded pairs of pins. Nominal bandwidth is 500 MHz (Cat 6A). The connector family is used in chemically and mechanically harsh environments such as factory automation and transportation. Its size is similar to the modular connector.</li> <li>ix Industrial:<sup id="cite_ref-ix_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ix-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This connector is designed to be small yet strong. It has 10 pins and a different locking mechanism than the modular connector. Standardized as IEC 61076-3-124, its nominal bandwidth is 500 MHz (Cat 6A).</li> <li><a href="#Single-pair">Single-pair Ethernet</a> defines its own connectors: <ul><li>IEC 63171-1 <i>LC</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-IEC_63171-1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC_63171-1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a 2-pin connector with a similar locking tab to the modular connector, if thicker.</li> <li>IEC 63171-6 <i>industrial</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-IEC_63171-6_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC_63171-6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This standard defines five 2-pin connectors that differ in their locking mechanisms, and one 4-pin connector with dedicated pins for power. The locking mechanisms range from a metal locking tab to <a href="/wiki/IEC_metric_screw_sized_connectors" title="IEC metric screw sized connectors">M8 and M12 connectors</a> with screw or push-pull locking. The 4-pin connector is only defined with M8 screw locking.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autonegotiation_and_duplex">Autonegotiation and duplex</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Autonegotiation and duplex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ethernet over twisted-pair standards up through Gigabit Ethernet define both <a href="/wiki/Full-duplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-duplex">full-duplex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Half-duplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-duplex">half-duplex</a> communication. However, half-duplex operation for gigabit speed is not supported by any existing hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higher speed standards, <a href="/wiki/2.5GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="2.5GBASE-T">2.5GBASE-T</a> up to <a href="/wiki/40GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="40GBASE-T">40GBASE-T</a><sup id="cite_ref-bq_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bq-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> running at 2.5 to 40 Gbit/s, consequently define only full-duplex point-to-point links which are generally connected by <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switches</a>, and do not support the traditional shared-medium <a href="/wiki/CSMA/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CSMA/CD">CSMA/CD</a> operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many different modes of operations (10BASE-T half-duplex, 10BASE-T full-duplex, 100BASE-TX half-duplex, etc.) exist for Ethernet over <a href="/wiki/Twisted_pair" title="Twisted pair">twisted pair</a>, and most <a href="/wiki/Network_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Network adapter">network adapters</a> are capable of different modes of operation. <a href="/wiki/Autonegotiation" title="Autonegotiation">Autonegotiation</a> is required in order to make a working 1000BASE-T connection. </p><p>When two linked interfaces are set to different <a href="/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications)" title="Duplex (telecommunications)">duplex</a> modes, the effect of this <a href="/wiki/Duplex_mismatch" title="Duplex mismatch">duplex mismatch</a> is a network that functions much more slowly than its nominal speed. Duplex mismatch may be inadvertently caused when an administrator configures an interface to a fixed mode (e.g. 100 Mbit/s full-duplex) and fails to configure the remote interface, leaving it set to autonegotiate. Then, when the auto-negotiation process fails, half-duplex is assumed by the autonegotiating side of the link. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Twisted_pair_based_ethernet.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Comparison of twisted-pair-based Ethernet technologies"><img alt="Comparison of twisted-pair-based Ethernet technologies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Twisted_pair_based_ethernet.svg/600px-Twisted_pair_based_ethernet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Twisted_pair_based_ethernet.svg/900px-Twisted_pair_based_ethernet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Twisted_pair_based_ethernet.svg/1200px-Twisted_pair_based_ethernet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="485" /></a></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232966811">.mw-parser-output .hover-highlight tr:hover,.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable tr:hover{background-color:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders mw-datatable" style="line-height:110%; text-align: right;"> <caption>Comparison of twisted-pair-based Ethernet physical transport layers (TP-PHYs)<sup id="cite_ref-TDG_ETH_2nd_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDG_ETH_2nd-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Standard </th> <th scope="col">Status </th> <th scope="col">Speed (Mbit/s)<sup id="cite_ref-speed_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speed-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Pairs required </th> <th scope="col">Lanes per direction </th> <th scope="col">Data rate<br />efficiency<br />(bit/s/Hz)<sup id="cite_ref-bitsperhertz_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bitsperhertz-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Line_code" title="Line code">Line code</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Symbol_rate" title="Symbol rate">Symbol rate</a> per lane (MBd) </th> <th scope="col">Bandwidth<sup id="cite_ref-frequency_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frequency-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (MHz) </th> <th scope="col">Max distance (m) </th> <th scope="col">Cable<sup id="cite_ref-catreach_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catreach-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>D<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Cable rating (MHz) </th> <th scope="col">Intended usage </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a>-1 <i>1BASE5</i> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3e-1987</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">obsolete </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>PE </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>250 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">voice grade </td> <td data-sort-value="12">~12 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/LAN" class="mw-redirect" title="LAN">LAN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a>-10 </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3e-1988</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">obsolete </td> <td>10 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>PE </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td> <td data-sort-value="100">~100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">voice grade </td> <td data-sort-value="12">~12 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/LattisNet" title="LattisNet">LattisNet</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span style="color:grey;"><i>pre 802.3i-1990</i></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">obsolete </td> <td>10 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>PE </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">voice grade </td> <td data-sort-value="12">~12 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #FFD863"> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Classic_Ethernet" title="Classic Ethernet">10BASE-T</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3i-1990</span> (CL14) </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">legacy </td> <td>10 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester_code" title="Manchester code">PE</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_3_cable" title="Category 3 cable">Cat 3</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN <sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">10BASE-T1S</span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:blue;">802.3cg-2019</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4B5B" title="4B5B">4B5B</a> <a href="/wiki/Differential_Manchester_encoding" title="Differential Manchester encoding">DME</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>12.5 </td> <td data-sort-value="15">15 or 25<sup id="cite_ref-t1s_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t1s-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>E<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_5_cable" title="Category 5 cable">Cat 5</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">Automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/IoT" class="mw-redirect" title="IoT">IoT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_to_machine" title="Machine to machine">M2M</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">10BASE-T1L</span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:blue;">802.3cg-2019</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2.6<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> </td> <td>4B3T <a href="/wiki/Pulse-amplitude_modulation" title="Pulse-amplitude modulation">PAM-3</a> </td> <td>7.5 </td> <td>3.75 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_5_cable" title="Category 5 cable">Cat 5</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Automotive, IoT, M2M </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/100BASE-T1" class="mw-redirect" title="100BASE-T1">100BASE-T1</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3bw-2015</span> (CL96) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2.6<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> </td> <td>4B3B PAM-3 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>37.5 </td> <td>15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_5e_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 5e cable">Cat 5e</a> </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Automotive, IoT, M2M </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/100BaseVG" title="100BaseVG">100BaseVG</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.12-1995</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">obsolete </td> <td>100 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1.6<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> </td> <td>5B6B <i>Half-duplex only</i> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_3_cable" title="Category 3 cable">Cat 3</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"><i>Market failure</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/100BASE-T4" class="mw-redirect" title="100BASE-T4">100BASE-T4</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3u-1995</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">obsolete </td> <td>100 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2.6<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> </td> <td>8B6T PAM-3 <i>Half-duplex only</i> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>12.5 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_3_cable" title="Category 3 cable">Cat 3</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"><i>Market failure</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/100BASE-T2" class="mw-redirect" title="100BASE-T2">100BASE-T2</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3y-1997</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">obsolete </td> <td>100 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>LFSR PAM-5 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>12.5 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_3_cable" title="Category 3 cable">Cat 3</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"><i>Market failure</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #FEFE66"> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/100BASE-TX" class="mw-redirect" title="100BASE-TX">100BASE-TX</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3u-1995</span> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td>100 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>4B5B MLT-3 <a href="/wiki/Non-return-to-zero#Non-return-to-zero_inverted" title="Non-return-to-zero">NRZ-I</a> </td> <td>125 </td> <td>31.25 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_5_cable" title="Category 5 cable">Cat 5</a> </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet#1000BASE-TX" title="Gigabit Ethernet">1000BASE‑TX</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3ab-1999</span>,<br /><span class="nowrap">TIA/EIA 854 (2001)</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">obsolete </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>PAM-5 </td> <td>250 </td> <td>125 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_6_cable" title="Category 6 cable">Cat 6</a> </td> <td>250 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"><i>Market failure</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #dcef60"> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1000BASE%E2%80%91T" class="mw-redirect" title="1000BASE‑T">1000BASE‑T</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3ab-1999</span> (CL40) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>TCM 4D-PAM-5 </td> <td>125 </td> <td>62.5 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_5_cable" title="Category 5 cable">Cat 5</a> </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1000BASE-T1" class="mw-redirect" title="1000BASE-T1">1000BASE-T1</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3bp-2016</span> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2.6<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> </td> <td>PAM-3 80B/81B RS-FEC </td> <td>750 </td> <td>375 </td> <td>40 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_6A_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 6A cable">Cat 6A</a> </td> <td>500 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Automotive, IoT, M2M </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #A0DB76"> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2.5GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="2.5GBASE-T">2.5GBASE-T</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3bz-2016</span> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6.25 </td> <td>64B65B PAM-16 128-DSQ </td> <td>200 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_5e_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 5e cable">Cat 5e</a> </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #84DBBF"> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/5GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="5GBASE-T">5GBASE-T</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3bz-2016</span> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6.25 </td> <td>64B65B PAM-16 128-DSQ </td> <td>400 </td> <td>200 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_6_cable" title="Category 6 cable">Cat 6</a> </td> <td>250 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #79D2F8"> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/10GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="10GBASE-T">10GBASE-T</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3an-2006</span> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td>10,000 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6.25 </td> <td>64B65B PAM-16 128-DSQ </td> <td>800 </td> <td>400 </td> <td>100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_6A_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 6A cable">Cat 6A</a> </td> <td>500 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/25GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="25GBASE-T">25GBASE-T</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3bq-2016</span> (CL113) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current (not marketed) </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6.25 </td> <td>PAM-16 RS-FEC (192, 186) LDPC </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>30 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_8_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 8 cable">Cat 8</a> </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN, <a href="/wiki/Data_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Center">Data Center</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/40GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="40GBASE-T">40GBASE-T</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">802.3bq-2016</span> (CL113) </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6.25 </td> <td>PAM-16 RS-FEC (192, 186) LDPC </td> <td>3,200 </td> <td>1,600 </td> <td>30 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category_8_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 8 cable">Cat 8</a> </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LAN, Data Center </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Standard </th> <th scope="col">Status </th> <th scope="col">Speed (Mbit/s)<sup id="cite_ref-speed_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speed-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Pairs required </th> <th scope="col">Lanes per direction </th> <th scope="col">Data rate<br />efficiency<br />(bit/s/Hz)<sup id="cite_ref-bitsperhertz_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bitsperhertz-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Line_code" title="Line code">Line code</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Symbol_rate" title="Symbol rate">Symbol rate</a> per lane (MBd) </th> <th scope="col">Bandwidth<sup id="cite_ref-frequency_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frequency-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (MHz) </th> <th scope="col">Max distance (m) </th> <th scope="col">Cable<sup id="cite_ref-catreach_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catreach-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>D<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Cable rating (MHz) </th> <th scope="col">Usage </th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-speed-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-speed_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-speed_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Transfer speed<span class="nowrap"> </span>= lanes<span class="nowrap"> </span>× bits per hertz<span class="nowrap"> </span>× spectral bandwidth</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bitsperhertz-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bitsperhertz_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bitsperhertz_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Effective bit/s per hertz per lane after loss to encoding overhead</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frequency-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frequency_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frequency_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Spectral_bandwidth" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral bandwidth">spectral bandwidth</a> is the maximum rate at which the signal will complete one cycle. It is typically half the <a href="/wiki/Symbol_rate" title="Symbol rate">symbol rate</a>, because one can send a symbol both at the positive and negative peak of the cycle. Exceptions are 10BASE-T where it is equal because it uses <a href="/wiki/Manchester_code" title="Manchester code">Manchester code</a>, and 100BASE-TX where it is one quarter because it uses <a href="/wiki/MLT-3_encoding" title="MLT-3 encoding">MLT-3 encoding</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-catreach-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-catreach_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catreach_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">At shorter cable length, it is possible to use cables of a lower grade than required for 100<span class="nowrap"> </span>m. For example, it is possible to use 10GBASE-T on a <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cat_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat 6">Cat 6</a></span> cable of 55<span class="nowrap"> </span>m or less. Likewise 5GBASE-T is expected to work with Cat<span class="nowrap"> </span>5e in most use cases.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-t1s-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-t1s_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">15 m for point-to-point links, 25 m for mixing/multi-tap segments</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Ethernet" title="Classic Ethernet">Classic Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25-pair_color_code" title="25-pair color code">25-pair color code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_cable_certification" title="Copper cable certification">Copper cable certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_extender" title="Ethernet extender">Ethernet extender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_isolator" title="Network isolator">Network isolator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHY-Level_Collision_Avoidance" title="PHY-Level Collision Avoidance">PHY-Level Collision Avoidance</a>, used in 10BASE-T1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_cabling" title="Structured cabling">Structured cabling</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Generally, the higher-speed implementations support the lower-speed standards making it possible to mix different generations of equipment; with the inclusive capability designated 10/100 or 10/100/1000 for connections that support such combinations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 123">: 123 </span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/8P8C_modular_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C modular connector">8P8C modular connector</a> is often called <i>RJ45</i> after a <a href="/wiki/Registered_jack" title="Registered jack">telephone industry standard</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By switching link beat on or off, a number of network interface cards at the time could work with either StarLAN 10 or 10BASE-T.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tipring-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tipring_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tipring_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The terms used in the explanations of the 568 standards, <a href="/wiki/Tip_and_ring" title="Tip and ring">tip and ring</a>, refer to <a href="/wiki/Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">older communication technologies</a>, and equate to the <a href="/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge">positive and negative</a> parts of the connections.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCharles_E._Spurgeon2000" class="citation book cs1">Charles E. Spurgeon (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MRChaUQr0Q0C&pg=PA123"><i>Ethernet: the definitive guide</i></a>. OReilly Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56592-660-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56592-660-8"><bdi>978-1-56592-660-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethernet%3A+the+definitive+guide&rft.pub=OReilly+Media&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-56592-660-8&rft.au=Charles+E.+Spurgeon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMRChaUQr0Q0C%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ieee802.3CG-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ieee802.3CG_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318015954/https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_3cg-2019.html">"PhysicalLayers Specifications and Management Parameters for 10 Mb/s Operation and Associated Power Delivery over a Single Balanced Pair of Conductors"</a>. IEEE 802.3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_3cg-2019.html">the original</a> on March 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PhysicalLayers+Specifications+and+Management+Parameters+for+10+Mb%2Fs+Operation+and+Associated+Power+Delivery+over+a+Single+Balanced+Pair+of+Conductors&rft.pub=IEEE+802.3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.ieee.org%2Fstandard%2F802_3cg-2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFionn_Hurley" class="citation cs2">Fionn Hurley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.analog.com/en/thought-leadership/why-10base-t1s-is-the-missing-ethernet-link.html"><i>Why 10BASE-T1S Is the Missing Ethernet Link for Automotive Communications</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+10BASE-T1S+Is+the+Missing+Ethernet+Link+for+Automotive+Communications&rft.pub=Analog+Devices&rft.au=Fionn+Hurley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.analog.com%2Fen%2Fthought-leadership%2Fwhy-10base-t1s-is-the-missing-ethernet-link.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenaScanzioValenzano2023" class="citation conference cs1">Cena, Gianluca; Scanzio, Stefano; Valenzano, Adriano (2023-04-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.09498.pdf"><i>Composite CAN XL-Ethernet Networks for Next-Gen Automotive and Automation Systems</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS). IEEE. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fwfcs57264.2023.10144116">10.1109/wfcs57264.2023.10144116</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Composite+CAN+XL-Ethernet+Networks+for+Next-Gen+Automotive+and+Automation+Systems&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.date=2023-04-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Fwfcs57264.2023.10144116&rft.aulast=Cena&rft.aufirst=Gianluca&rft.au=Scanzio%2C+Stefano&rft.au=Valenzano%2C+Adriano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fpdf%2F2306.09498.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEC_63171-1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IEC_63171-1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC_63171-1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>IEC 63171-1 (draft 48B/2783/FDIS, 17 Jan. 2020), Connectors for electrical and electronic equipment—Part 1: Detail specification for 2-way, shielded or unshielded, free and fixed connectors: mechanical mating information, pin assignment and additional requirements for TYPE 1 / Copper LC style</i>. International Electrotechnical Commission. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IEC+63171-1+%28draft+48B%2F2783%2FFDIS%2C+17+Jan.+2020%29%2C+Connectors+for+electrical+and+electronic+equipment%E2%80%94Part+1%3A+Detail+specification+for+2-way%2C+shielded+or+unshielded%2C+free+and+fixed+connectors%3A+mechanical+mating+information%2C+pin+assignment+and+additional+requirements+for+TYPE+1+%2F+Copper+LC+style.&rft.pub=International+Electrotechnical+Commission&rft.date=2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEC_63171-6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IEC_63171-6_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC_63171-6_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>IEC 63171-6:2020, Connectors for electrical and electronic equipment—Part 6: Detail specification for 2-way and 4-way (data/power), shielded, free and fixed connectors for power and data transmission with frequencies up to 600 MHz</i>. International Electrotechnical Commission. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IEC+63171-6%3A2020%2C+Connectors+for+electrical+and+electronic+equipment%E2%80%94Part+6%3A+Detail+specification+for+2-way+and+4-way+%28data%2Fpower%29%2C+shielded%2C+free+and+fixed+connectors+for+power+and+data+transmission+with+frequencies+up+to+600+MHz.&rft.pub=International+Electrotechnical+Commission&rft.date=2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urs-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urs_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrs_von_Burg2001" class="citation book cs1">Urs von Burg (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ooBqdIXIqbwC&pg=PA175"><i>The triumph of Ethernet: technological communities and the battle for the LAN standard</i></a>. Stanford University Press. pp. 175–176, 255–256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4095-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4095-1"><bdi>978-0-8047-4095-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+triumph+of+Ethernet%3A+technological+communities+and+the+battle+for+the+LAN+standard&rft.pages=175-176%2C+255-256&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-4095-1&rft.au=Urs+von+Burg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DooBqdIXIqbwC%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-syn-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-syn_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaula_Musich1987" class="citation news cs1">Paula Musich (August 3, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hBwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA2">"User lauds SynOptic system: LattisNet a success on PDS"</a>. <i>Network World</i>. Vol. 4, no. 31. pp. 2, 39<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Network+World&rft.atitle=User+lauds+SynOptic+system%3A+LattisNet+a+success+on+PDS&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=31&rft.pages=2%2C+39&rft.date=1987-08-03&rft.au=Paula+Musich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhBwEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wise-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wise_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW.C._Wise,_Ph.D.1989" class="citation news cs1">W.C. Wise, Ph.D. (March 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4QQAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13">"Yesterday, somebody asked me what I think about LattisNet. Here's what I told him in a nutshell"</a>. <i>CIO Magazine</i>. Vol. 2, no. 6. p. 13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CIO+Magazine&rft.atitle=Yesterday%2C+somebody+asked+me+what+I+think+about+LattisNet.+Here%27s+what+I+told+him+in+a+nutshell&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1989-03&rft.au=W.C.+Wise%2C+Ph.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4QQAAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span> (Advertisement)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Network_Maintenance-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Network_Maintenance_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AtBeNTDGfhEC&q=starLAN+vs+LattisNet&pg=SL2-PA4"><i>Network Maintenance and Troubleshooting Guide</i></a>. Fluke Networks. 2002. p. B-4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58713-800-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-58713-800-X"><bdi>1-58713-800-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Network+Maintenance+and+Troubleshooting+Guide&rft.pages=B-4&rft.pub=Fluke+Networks&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58713-800-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAtBeNTDGfhEC%26q%3DstarLAN%2Bvs%2BLattisNet%26pg%3DSL2-PA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wvsgBQAAQBAJ"><i>StarLAN Technology Report, 4th Edition</i></a>. Architecture Technology Corporation. 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483285054" title="Special:BookSources/9781483285054"><bdi>9781483285054</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=StarLAN+Technology+Report%2C+4th+Edition&rft.pub=Architecture+Technology+Corporation&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9781483285054&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwvsgBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhland" class="citation web cs1">Ohland, Louis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walshcomptech.com/ohlandl/NIC/3com_523.html">"3Com 3C523"</a>. <i>Walsh Computer Technology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Walsh+Computer+Technology&rft.atitle=3Com+3C523&rft.aulast=Ohland&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walshcomptech.com%2Fohlandl%2FNIC%2F3com_523.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE 802.3 <i>1.2.3 Physical Layer and media notation</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE 802.3 <i>40.1.4 Signaling</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_A._Weston2001" class="citation book cs1">David A. Weston (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=392CdZHdUDEC&pg=PA240"><i>Electromagnetic Compatibility: principles and applications</i></a>. CRC Press. pp. 240–242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8247-8889-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8247-8889-3"><bdi>0-8247-8889-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electromagnetic+Compatibility%3A+principles+and+applications&rft.pages=240-242&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8247-8889-3&rft.au=David+A.+Weston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D392CdZHdUDEC%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE 802.3 <i>40.1.3 Operation of 1000BASE-T</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Prior" class="citation web cs1">Steve Prior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/minutes/july98/E2_0798.pdf">"1000BASE-T Duffer's Guide to Basics and Startup"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/minutes/july98/E2_0798.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1000BASE-T+Duffer%27s+Guide+to+Basics+and+Startup&rft.au=Steve+Prior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrouper.ieee.org%2Fgroups%2F802%2F3%2Fminutes%2Fjuly98%2FE2_0798.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNick_van_BavelPhil_CallahanJohn_Chiang2004" class="citation web cs1">Nick van Bavel; Phil Callahan; John Chiang (2004-10-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eetimes.com/voltage-mode-line-drivers-save-on-power/">"Voltage-mode line drivers save on power"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EE_Times" title="EE Times">EE Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EE+Times&rft.atitle=Voltage-mode+line+drivers+save+on+power&rft.date=2004-10-25&rft.au=Nick+van+Bavel&rft.au=Phil+Callahan&rft.au=John+Chiang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetimes.com%2Fvoltage-mode-line-drivers-save-on-power%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2020" class="citation web cs1">Peterson, Zachariah (2020-10-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resources.altium.com/p/bob-smith-termination-it-correct-ethernet">"Bob Smith Termination: Is it Correct for Ethernet?"</a>. <i>altium.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=altium.com&rft.atitle=Bob+Smith+Termination%3A+Is+it+Correct+for+Ethernet%3F&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Zachariah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresources.altium.com%2Fp%2Fbob-smith-termination-it-correct-ethernet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE 802.3cg-2019 Clause 146–147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE 802.3bw-2015 Clause 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee802.org/3/bp/">"IEEE P802.3bp 1000BASE-T1 PHY Task Force"</a>. IEEE 802.3. 2016-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEEE+P802.3bp+1000BASE-T1+PHY+Task+Force&rft.pub=IEEE+802.3&rft.date=2016-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee802.org%2F3%2Fbp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetechusa.com/blog/ieee-standardizes-802-3bw-ethernet-adopts-automobile-application/">"New 802.3bw Ethernet Auto Standard Leaves LVDS Cables in the Dust"</a>. 8 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+802.3bw+Ethernet+Auto+Standard+Leaves+LVDS+Cables+in+the+Dust&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetechusa.com%2Fblog%2Fieee-standardizes-802-3bw-ethernet-adopts-automobile-application%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE 802.3bw Clause 96 and 802.3bp Clause 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaguire2020" class="citation web cs1">Maguire, Valerie (2020-06-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.siemon.com/standards/ieee-p802-3ch-multi-gig-automotive-ethernet-phy">"IEEE Std 802.3ch-2020: Multi-Gig Automotive Ethernet PHY"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEEE+Std+802.3ch-2020%3A+Multi-Gig+Automotive+Ethernet+PHY&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=Maguire&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.siemon.com%2Fstandards%2Fieee-p802-3ch-multi-gig-automotive-ethernet-phy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ieee802.3cy-2023-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ieee802.3cy-2023_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516162342/https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.3cy/10280/">"Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for 25 Gb/s - Electrical Automotive Ethernet"</a>. IEEE. 2023-08-11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.3cy/10280/">the original</a> on May 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Physical+Layer+Specifications+and+Management+Parameters+for+25+Gb%2Fs+-+Electrical+Automotive+Ethernet&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.ieee.org%2Fieee%2F802.3cy%2F10280%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE 802.3bu-2016 <i>104. Power over Data Lines (PoDL) of Single Balanced Twisted-Pair Ethernet</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ix-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ix_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harting.com/DE/en-gb/ix-Industrial">"ix Industrial®"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ix+Industrial%C2%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harting.com%2FDE%2Fen-gb%2Fix-Industrial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeifert1998" class="citation book cs1">Seifert, Rich (1998). "10". <i>Gigabit Ethernet: Technology and Applications for High-Speed LANs</i>. Addison Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-18553-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-18553-9"><bdi>0-201-18553-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=10&rft.btitle=Gigabit+Ethernet%3A+Technology+and+Applications+for+High-Speed+LANs&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-201-18553-9&rft.aulast=Seifert&rft.aufirst=Rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/ethernet/10561-3.html#gb">"Configuring and Troubleshooting Ethernet 10/100/1000Mb Half/Full Duplex Auto-Negotiation"</a>. Cisco. 2009-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Configuring+and+Troubleshooting+Ethernet+10%2F100%2F1000Mb+Half%2FFull+Duplex+Auto-Negotiation&rft.pub=Cisco&rft.date=2009-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cisco.com%2Fc%2Fen%2Fus%2Fsupport%2Fdocs%2Flan-switching%2Fethernet%2F10561-3.html%23gb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bq-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bq_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee802.org/3/bq/">"IEEE P802.3bq 40GBASE-T Task Force"</a>. IEEE 802.3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEEE+P802.3bq+40GBASE-T+Task+Force&rft.pub=IEEE+802.3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee802.org%2F3%2Fbq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palmer-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palmer_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Palmer2012" class="citation book cs1">Michael Palmer (2012-06-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-QELAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA180"><i>Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, 2nd ed</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-285-40275-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-285-40275-8"><bdi>978-1-285-40275-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hands-On+Networking+Fundamentals%2C+2nd+ed&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2012-06-21&rft.isbn=978-1-285-40275-8&rft.au=Michael+Palmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-QELAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TDG_ETH_2nd-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TDG_ETH_2nd_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_E._Spurgeon2014" class="citation book cs1">Charles E. Spurgeon (2014). <i>Ethernet: The Definitive Guide</i> (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-6184-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-6184-6"><bdi>978-1-4493-6184-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethernet%3A+The+Definitive+Guide&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4493-6184-6&rft.au=Charles+E.+Spurgeon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccontrols.com/pdf/ExtV2N6.pdf">"Introduction To Fast Ethernet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Contemporary Control Systems, Inc. 2001-11-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ccontrols.com/pdf/ExtV2N6.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+To+Fast+Ethernet&rft.pub=Contemporary+Control+Systems%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccontrols.com%2Fpdf%2FExtV2N6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthernet+over+twisted+pair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethernet_over_twisted_pair&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Network-Cable" class="extiw" title="wikihow:Make-a-Network-Cable">How to Make a Network Cable</a>, a how-to article from <a href="/wiki/WikiHow" title="WikiHow">wikiHow</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ertyu.org/steven_nikkel/ethernetcables.html">How to create your own Ethernet Cables</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethernet" title="Template:Ethernet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethernet" title="Template talk:Ethernet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethernet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethernet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethernet_family_of_local_area_network_technologies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a> technologies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Ethernet" title="Classic Ethernet">10 Mbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Ethernet" title="Fast Ethernet">100 Mbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet">1 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2.5GBASE-T_and_5GBASE-T" title="2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T">2.5 and 5 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="10 Gigabit Ethernet">10 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="25 Gigabit Ethernet">25 and 50 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="100 Gigabit Ethernet">40 and 100 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terabit_Ethernet" title="Terabit Ethernet">200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_physical_layer" title="Ethernet physical layer">Physical layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonegotiation" title="Autonegotiation">Autonegotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EtherType" title="EtherType">EtherType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control" title="Ethernet flow control">Flow control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_frame" title="Ethernet frame">Frames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbo_frame" title="Jumbo frame">Jumbos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.3" title="IEEE 802.3">IEEE 802.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_Alliance" title="Ethernet Alliance">Ethernet Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_fiber" title="Ethernet over fiber">Fiber</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Twisted pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_coax" title="Ethernet over coax">Coaxial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_in_the_first_mile" title="Ethernet in the first mile">First mile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10G-EPON" title="10G-EPON">10G-EPON</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier-sense_multiple_access_with_collision_detection" title="Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection">CSMA/CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BROAD36" title="10BROAD36">10BROAD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE-FB" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-FB">10BASE-FB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE-FL" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-FL">10BASE-FL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE5" title="10BASE5">10BASE5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE2" title="10BASE2">10BASE2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Attachment_Unit" title="Medium Attachment Unit">MAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_inter-repeater_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber-optic inter-repeater link">FOIRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100BaseVG" title="100BaseVG">100BaseVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LattisNet" title="LattisNet">LattisNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Reach_Ethernet" title="Long Reach Ethernet">Long Reach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_over_Ethernet" title="Audio over Ethernet">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_Ethernet" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive Ethernet">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_Ethernet" title="Carrier Ethernet">Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_center_bridging" title="Data center bridging">Data center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy-Efficient_Ethernet" title="Energy-Efficient Ethernet">Energy Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Ethernet" title="Industrial Ethernet">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Ethernet" title="Metro Ethernet">Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet" title="Power over Ethernet">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Ethernet" title="Synchronous Ethernet">Synchronous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transceiver" title="Transceiver">Transceivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_interface_converter" title="Gigabit interface converter">GBIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form-factor_Pluggable" title="Small Form-factor Pluggable">SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XENPAK" title="XENPAK">XENPAK</a>/<a href="/wiki/X2_transceiver" title="X2 transceiver">X2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFP_transceiver" title="XFP transceiver">XFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_form-factor_pluggable" title="C form-factor pluggable">CFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_Unit_Interface" title="Attachment Unit Interface">AUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAD_socket" title="EAD socket">EAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-dependent_interface" title="Medium-dependent interface">MDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media-independent_interface" title="Media-independent interface">MII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_media-independent_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit media-independent interface">GMII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_gigabit_media-independent_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="10 gigabit media-independent interface">XGMII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAUI" title="XAUI">XAUI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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