Emergency Medicine in India: Paths Crossed and What Lies Ahead EMRA

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The country’s healthcare community has recognized the need for quality emergency care as the number of citizens affected by motor vehicle accidents, communicable and non-communicable diseases, and natural disasters continues to grow. However, further progress must be made in EM research, care delivery, and future-physician training to optimize patient health outcomes in India." /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Emergency medicine in India has advanced substantially from its nascent origins. The country’s healthcare community has recognized the need for quality emergency care as the number of citizens affected by motor vehicle accidents, communicable and non-communicable diseases, and natural disasters continues to grow. However, further progress must be made in EM research, care delivery, and future-physician training to optimize patient health outcomes in India." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.emra.org/emresident/article/india-em" /> <meta name="siteName" content="EMResident" /> <title>Emergency Medicine in India: Paths Crossed and What Lies Ahead EMRA</title> <script type="text/javascript"> var addthis_share = { url: "https://www.emra.org/emresident/article/india-em", title: "Emergency Medicine in India: Paths Crossed and What Lies Ahead", description: "Emergency medicine in India has advanced substantially from its nascent origins. The country’s healthcare community has recognized the need for quality emergency care as the number of citizens affected by motor vehicle accidents, communicable and non-communicable diseases, and natural disasters continues to grow. However, further progress must be made in EM research, care delivery, and future-physician training to optimize patient health outcomes in India.", media: "https://www.emra.org/siteassets/emresident/images/articles/2023/04-april/india-anchor-art.jpg" } </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_Multisites/EMRA/Static/Common/libs/reset.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_Multisites/EMRA/Static/common.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_Multisites/EMRA/Static/common/libs/jquery-ui-1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.css"> <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/3.1.1/animate.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://acepteamstorage.blob.core.windows.net/epi-resources/_Multisites/EMRA/static/common/css/emra-styles.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://acepteamstorage.blob.core.windows.net/epi-resources/_Multisites/EMRA/static/common/css/emra-overrides.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script 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class="image-block"> <img src="/siteassets/emresident/images/articles/2023/04-april/india-anchor-art.jpg?w=600" itemprop="image" title="India Anchor Art.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 no-padding-d"> <div class="general-text article-heading"> <span class="subtitle" itemprop="keywords"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/international-em">International EM</a> </span> <h1 itemprop="name">Emergency Medicine in India: Paths Crossed and What Lies Ahead</h1> <div class="col-md-8 no-padding-d"> <span class="info"> <strong itemprop="datePublished">4/15/2023</strong> <a href="/emresident/authors/sreenidhi-vanyaa-manian" itemprop="author"> <strong>Sreenidhi Vanyaa Manian </strong> </a> <span>, </span> <a href="/emresident/authors/jai-shahani" itemprop="author"> <strong>Jai Shahani </strong> </a> <span>, </span> <a href="/emresident/authors/ashley-pickering" itemprop="author"> <strong>Ashley Pickering, MD, MPH </strong> </a> <span>, </span> <a href="/emresident/authors/elizabeth-devos" itemprop="author"> <strong>Elizabeth DeVos, MD, MPH, FACEP </strong> </a> <span>, </span> <a href="/emresident/authors/arun-nandi" itemprop="author"> <strong>Arun Nandi, MD </strong> </a> <span>, </span> <a href="/emresident/authors/sushant-chhabra" itemprop="author"> <strong>Sushant Chhabra, MD </strong> </a> </span> </div> <div class="col-md-4 no-padding-d share-this-right">  <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox_dmno float-right"></div> </div> </div> <div class="gradient-line-purple heading"></div> <div itemprop="articleBody" class="general-text"><h4>Emergency medicine in India has advanced substantially from its nascent origins and continues to expand at an exponential pace.</h4> <p>The country’s healthcare community has recognized the need for quality emergency care as the number of citizens affected by motor vehicle accidents, communicable and non-communicable diseases, and natural disasters continues to grow.</p> <p>The Society for Emergency Medicine in India (SEMI) was established in 1999, and EM was recognized as a specialty by the Medical Council of India by 2009. Decision makers acted quickly to recognize the importance of training quality emergency physicians and enhancing patient care across the country.</p> <p>Around the world, emergency departments have served as the face of the hospital, but lower middle-income countries have been slow to adopt this model until recently. Previously, EDs in India would be staffed by junior medical doctors who were limited in their emergency care due to low resources, limited clinical training, and poor administration. Many hospitals believed there was no need for an around-the-clock service, but soon realized the importance of prompt and good quality emergency care.</p> <p>India loses more than 3% of its gross domestic product due to traffic accidents.<sup>1</sup> With the dramatic increase in traffic accidents across the country, healthcare providers have highlighted the damaging impact poor emergency care can have on the economy.</p> <p>We were fortunate to interview Dr. Arun Nandi, associate professor of emergency medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. Dr. Nandi serves as ACEP’s ambassador to India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.</p> <p>Discussing the differences between the Indian and U.S. populations, Dr. Nandi noted that patients presenting to the ED in the Indian subcontinent often present at the late stages of their illnesses. Few patients visit doctors for primary care. Patients, therefore, present late and with greater severity and pose a challenge for resource-limited doctors. Timely and standardized emergency care in India is essential to improve health outcomes and economic well-being. Emergency medical services across the country vary from state to state with no centralized system, further complicated by terrain, weather, and geopolitical conflict.</p> <p>India’s EM infrastructure was limited in its early development partly because stakeholders believed illnesses could be better treated by specialists than emergency physicians. However, research showed the effectiveness of EM interventions that expedited care and improved outcomes of time-sensitive conditions like trauma, stroke, and myocardial infarction.</p> <p>Medical infrastructure is a large determinant in the standard of care delivered and, while India has advanced significantly in the past two decades, there is much left to learn. To improve patient outcomes and the quality of emergency care, India needs to focus on three aspects: education, delivery of care, and research.</p> <p>Regarding education, administrators must emphasize the development of standardized training for emergency physicians, with ample opportunities for employment and promotion, including simulation-based and experiential learning.</p> <p>For proper delivery of care, EDs must be given adequate space within the hospital for triage, diagnosis, and transfer of care.</p> <p>Lastly, research into health outcomes and quality improvement is needed to enhance patient care through continuous quality improvement, especially for common ED presentations such as stroke, MI, toxicologic emergencies, and polytrauma.</p> <p>We also interviewed Dr. Sushant Chhabra, ACEP’s ambassador liaison from India, chief of emergency medicine at Manipal Hospital, New Delhi, and a regional leader of SEMI.</p> <p>When asked about the EM training programs in India, Dr. Chhabra said they are carried out under different banners. The MD (postgraduate degree) and DNB (Diplomate of National Board) postgraduate programs host EM across a few hospitals in India, but the number of positions for trainees is insufficient.</p> <p>Then, there are 3-year training programs like the Masters in Emergency Medicine (MEM), an international program affiliated with George Washington University. This is a structured program with equal weight for academics, clinical skills, and research. EM faculty from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, and India train residents to grow into qualified emergency physicians.</p> <p>A similar program called CCT-EM (certificate of completion of training in emergency medicine) has been implemented by SEMI.</p> <p>In addition to these major 3-year programs, there are minor 1- to 2-year diplomas and fellowships in EM awarded by local universities like Medvarsity Apollo.</p> <p>Since Dr. Chhabra’s EM residency in 2011, there has been a significant expansion in training programs. This expansion came about as healthcare systems began to recognize the importance of EM in hospital operations and revenue. However, Dr. Chhabra believes extensive progress — which includes gaining governmental support to establish the emergency department as the “face” of the hospital across the Indian subcontinent — has yet to be made. The biggest challenge is a lack of EM-trained faculty. Hence, within some courses there is “self-learning,” or teaching by a specialist who isn’t an emergency physician. In his research paper, Dr. Chhabra conducted a survey of the perception of medical education among EM residents in India and concluded that programs must adopt a “student-centered educational atmosphere” that will ultimately lead to well-trained emergency physicians tending to the population of India.<sup>2</sup></p> <p>When discussing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Chhabra described it as a double-edged sword that enabled emergency physicians to attend important medical conferences virtually, but also deprived them of the “hands-on” experience pivotal for their residencies. Furthermore, in India — just like in many other nations — the COVID-19 pandemic exposed weak points in the healthcare system, overwhelming the country’s doctors and hospitals. Limited access to primary care facilities caused patients with milder COVID cases to occupy beds at hospitals when many of them could have managed their symptoms in an outpatient setting. Challenges with organization, logistics, and disaster management complicated this public health emergency and showcased the scarcity of resources. Dr. Chhabra believes that by improving facets of the country’s fundamental healthcare infrastructure, from disaster management to primary care, patient outcomes will improve as a whole.</p> <p>Our conversations with Drs. Nandi and Chhabra were enlightening and informative. We learned about the great advances in emergency care across the Indian subcontinent and potential ways that its delivery could be improved. Global health leaders should note the resourcefulness and adaptability of India’s emergency physicians in treating severe, end-stage diseases at their first presentations in the ED, similar to situations in many marginalized areas within the United States. However, further progress must be made in EM research, care delivery, and future-physician training to optimize patient health outcomes in India.</p> <hr /> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ol> <li>Mohan D. <a href="https://www.gtkp.com/assets/uploads/20091201-133813-1263-road_ahead.pdf">Traffic Injuries and Fatalities in India</a>. <em>Transportation Research & Injury Prevention Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi</em>. 2004.</li> <li>Chhabra S, Misra A, Shah S, Kole T. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26894893/">Survey of student perception of medical education environment among emergency medicine residents of an academic medical center in Northern India</a>. International Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2016;9(1):1-5.</li> </ol></div> <div class="additional-content"></div> </div> </div> <div class="results"> <h3>Related Articles</h3> <div class="clear"> <div class="col-md-3 col-xs-12"> <h3 class="strong"> <a href="/emresident/article/global-health-rotations" class="external-link">Responding to the Demand: EM Residency Programs and Global Health Experiences</a> </h3> <div> <a class="author-link" href="/emresident/authors/danielle-rush-stevens"> Danielle Rush Stevens, MD </a> <a class="author-link" href="/emresident/authors/ryan-joseph-do"> Ryan Joseph, DO, DTM&H </a> <a class="author-link" href="/emresident/authors/browning-s.-wayman-md-dtmh"> Browning S. Wayman, MD, DTM&H </a> <a class="author-link" href="/emresident/authors/andrew-muck"> Andrew E. Muck, MD, FACEP </a> <span class="date">04/10/2019</span> </div> <div>Although the majority of residency programs offer elective opportunities, few provide the foundation for formal global health experiences. Yet the benefits of international clinical rotations for a ph</div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-xs-12"> <h3 class="strong"> <a href="/emresident/article/global-health-and-emergency-medicine" class="external-link">Global Health and Emergency Medicine</a> </h3> <div> <a class="author-link" href="/emresident/authors/joseph-reardon-md"> Joseph Reardon, MD </a> <a class="author-link" href="/emresident/authors/elizabeth-krebs-md"> Elizabeth Krebs, MD </a> <span class="date">06/23/2014</span> </div> <div>Global Health and Emergency Medicine Advice from experts on international emergency medicine to help you chart opportunities in projects and research — both abroad and domestic. 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2014 </a> </label> <label class=""> <a class="archive-link" href="/emresident/articles/archive/2014/8"> August 2014 </a> </label> <label class=""> <a class="archive-link" href="/emresident/articles/archive/2014/6"> June 2014 </a> </label> <label class=""> <a class="archive-link" href="/emresident/articles/archive/2014/4"> April 2014 </a> </label> <label class=""> <a class="archive-link" href="/emresident/articles/archive/2014/3"> March 2014 </a> </label> <label class=""> <a class="archive-link" href="/emresident/articles/archive/2014/2"> February 2014 </a> </label> <label class=""> <a class="archive-link" href="/emresident/articles/archive/2014/1"> January 2014 </a> </label> <label class=""> <a class="archive-link" href="/emresident/articles/archive/2013/12"> December 2013 </a> </label> <label class=""> <a class="archive-link" href="/emresident/articles/archive/2013/10"> October 2013 </a> </label> <label class=""> <a class="archive-link" href="/emresident/articles/archive/2013/8"> August 2013 </a> </label> </div> </div> </div> <ul class=""> <li class="article-categories"> <h3 class="sidebar-section-header">CATEGORIES</h3> <div class="categories-sidebar"> <div class="title">Committee</div> <ul> <li class="tiered-filters"> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/admin-and-ops-committee"> Administration and Operations Committee <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/critical-care-committee"> Critical Care Committee <span class="total">4</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/education-committee"> Education Committee <span class="total">10</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/government-services"> Government Services <span class="total">4</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/health-policy-committee"> Health Policy Committee <span class="total">8</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/informatics-committee"> Informatics Committee <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/medical-student-council"> Medical Student Council <span class="total">7</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/pediatrics-committee"> Pediatrics Committee <span class="total">4</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/research-committee"> Research Committee <span class="total">6</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/simulation-committee"> Simulation Committee <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/social-em-committee"> Social EM Committee <span class="total">7</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/committee/wilderness"> Wilderness Committee <span class="total">5</span> </a> </li> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="categories-sidebar"> <div class="title">Division</div> <ul> <li class="tiered-filters"> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/divsion/international-committee"> International Committee <span class="total">8</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/divsion/prehospital-and-disaster-medicine"> Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Committee <span class="total">5</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/divsion/simulation"> Simulation Division <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/divsion/sports-medicine-committee"> Sports Medicine Committee <span class="total">5</span> </a> </li> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="categories-sidebar"> <div class="title">Topics</div> <ul> <li class="tiered-filters"> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/advancement-of-em"> Advancement of EM <span class="total">114</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/advancement-of-em/administration--operations"> Administration & Operations <span class="total">61</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/advancement-of-em/administration--operations/admin-ops-literature-review"> Admin Ops Literature Review <span class="total">8</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/advancement-of-em/diversity-and-inclusion"> Diversity and Inclusion <span class="total">18</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/advancement-of-em/research"> Research <span class="total">31</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/advancement-of-em/research/rapid-research-review"> Rapid Research Review <span class="total">9</span> </a> </li> </ul> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/awards"> Awards <span class="total">26</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/awards/attending"> Attending <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/awards/award-winners"> Award Winners <span class="total">20</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/awards/educational-courses"> Educational Courses <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/awards/grants"> Grants <span class="total">6</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/awards/residency-leadership"> Residency Leadership <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/awards/spring"> Spring <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/awards/travel-scholarships"> Travel Scholarships <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/benefits"> Benefits <span class="total">5</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/benefits/acep-member-benefits"> ACEP Member Benefits <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/career-planning"> Career Planning <span class="total">78</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/career-planning/board-certification"> Board Certification <span class="total">7</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/career-planning/interviewing"> Interviewing <span class="total">5</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/career-planning/job-search"> Job Search <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/career-planning/practice-environments"> Practice Environments <span class="total">25</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/career-planning/practice-environments/community"> Community <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/career-planning/practice-environments/international"> International <span class="total">10</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/career-planning/practice-environments/locum-tenens"> Locum Tenens <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> </ul> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical"> Clinical <span class="total">1005</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/addiction-medicine"> Addiction Medicine <span class="total">4</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/airway"> Airway <span class="total">44</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/airway/surgical-airway"> Surgical Airway <span class="total">1</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/behavioral-health"> Behavioral Health <span class="total">5</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/cardiology"> Cardiology <span class="total">159</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/cardiology/ecg"> ECG <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/cardiology/ecg-challenge"> ECG Challenge <span class="total">48</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/consults"> Consults <span class="total">6</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/consults/consult-corner"> Consult Corner <span class="total">5</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/critical-care"> Critical Care <span class="total">229</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/critical-care/critical-care-alert"> Critical Care Alert <span class="total">103</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/critical-care/critical-care-devices"> Critical Care Devices <span class="total">11</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/critical-care/critical-care-roadblock"> Critical Care Roadblock <span class="total">4</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/critical-care/critical-care-ultrasound"> Critical Care Ultrasound <span class="total">14</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/critical-care/deep-dive-in-critcare"> Deep Dive in CritCare <span class="total">9</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/critical-care/sepsis"> Sepsis <span class="total">21</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/critical-care/shock"> Shock <span class="total">9</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/critical-care/ventilator-management"> Ventilator Management <span class="total">7</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/dermatology"> Dermatology <span class="total">10</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/ems"> EMS <span class="total">53</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/ems/disaster-medicine"> Disaster Medicine <span class="total">13</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/ems/prehospital-care"> Prehospital Care <span class="total">21</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/endocrinology"> Endocrinology <span class="total">12</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/ent"> ENT <span class="total">7</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/event-medicine"> Event Medicine <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/gastroenterology"> Gastroenterology <span class="total">16</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/geriatrics"> Geriatrics <span class="total">4</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/hematology"> Hematology <span class="total">21</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/immunology"> Immunology <span class="total">1</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/infectious-disease"> Infectious Disease <span class="total">134</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/infectious-disease/covid-19"> COVID-19 <span class="total">81</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/informatics"> Informatics <span class="total">19</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/informatics/security"> Security <span class="total">1</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/informatics/telemedicine"> Telemedicine <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/international-em"> International EM <span class="total">25</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/nephrology"> Nephrology <span class="total">16</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/neurology"> Neurology <span class="total">53</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/obgyn"> OB/GYN <span class="total">25</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/oncology"> Oncology <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/ophthalmology"> Ophthalmology <span class="total">17</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/orthopedics"> Orthopedics <span class="total">27</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/osteopathic"> Osteopathic <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/pain-management"> Pain Management <span class="total">26</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/palliative-care"> Palliative Care <span class="total">14</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/patient-interactions"> Patient Interactions <span class="total">21</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/pediatric-em"> Pediatric EM <span class="total">100</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/pharmacology"> Pharmacology <span class="total">1</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/psychiatry"> Psychiatry <span class="total">9</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/psychiatry/mental-health"> Mental Health <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/pulmonary"> Pulmonary <span class="total">18</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/radiology"> Radiology <span class="total">7</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/rheumatology"> Rheumatology <span class="total">1</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/simulation"> Simulation <span class="total">13</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/social-em"> Social EM <span class="total">53</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/space-medicine"> Space Medicine <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/sports-medicine"> Sports Medicine <span class="total">11</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/toxicology"> Toxicology <span class="total">101</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/toxicology/medications"> Medications <span class="total">12</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/toxicology/recreational-drugs"> Recreational Drugs <span class="total">10</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/toxicology/toxins"> Toxins <span class="total">7</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/trauma"> Trauma <span class="total">42</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/trauma/blunt"> Blunt <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/trauma/traumatic-brain-injury"> Traumatic Brain Injury <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/ultrasound"> Ultrasound <span class="total">87</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/ultrasound/guided-procedures"> Guided Procedures <span class="total">5</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/ultrasound/pocus-for-the-win"> POCUS For the Win <span class="total">8</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/undersea-and-hyperbaric"> Undersea and Hyperbaric <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/urology"> Urology <span class="total">24</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/vascular"> Vascular <span class="total">5</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/visual-diagnosis"> Visual Diagnosis <span class="total">20</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/clinical/wilderness-medicine"> Wilderness Medicine <span class="total">28</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/editorial"> Editorial <span class="total">133</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/editorial/editors-forum"> Editor's Forum <span class="total">55</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/editorial/heart-of-em"> Heart of EM <span class="total">13</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/editorial/opinion-editorial"> Opinion-Editorial <span class="total">15</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/emra"> EMRA <span class="total">115</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/emra/leadership-reports"> Leadership Reports <span class="total">79</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/emra/leadership-reports/acep-representative"> ACEP Representative <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/emra/leadership-reports/acgme-rc-em"> ACGME RC-EM <span class="total">11</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/emra/leadership-reports/presidents-message"> President's Message <span class="total">48</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/emra/leadership-reports/speaker-report"> Speaker Report <span class="total">8</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 20px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/emra/leadership-reports/treasurers-report"> Treasurer's Report <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/emra/membership"> Membership <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/emra/op-ed"> Op-Ed <span class="total">32</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/events--activities"> Events & Activities <span class="total">21</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/events--activities/acep-scientific-assembly"> ACEP Scientific Assembly <span class="total">6</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/events--activities/cord-academic-assembly"> CORD Academic Assembly <span class="total">2</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/events--activities/em-wellness-week"> EM Wellness Week <span class="total">1</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/events--activities/emra-medwar"> EMRA MedWAR <span class="total">3</span> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/events--activities/leadership-and-advocacy-conference"> Leadership and Advocacy Conference <span class="total">6</span> </a> </li> </ul> <li style="padding-left: 0px"> <a href="/emresident/articles/categories/topics/fellowships"> Fellowships <span class="total">12</span> </a> </li> <ul> <li style="padding-left: 10px"> <a 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'display:inline;' : '') + 'width:' + this.o.width + 'px;height:' + this.o.height + 'px;' + '"></div>'); this.$.wrap(this.$div).before(this.$c); this.$div = this.$.parent(); if (typeof G_vmlCanvasManager !== 'undefined') { G_vmlCanvasManager.initElement(this.$c[0]); } this.c = this.$c[0].getContext ? this.$c[0].getContext('2d') : null; if (!this.c) { throw { name: "CanvasNotSupportedException", message: "Canvas not supported. Please use excanvas on IE8.0.", toString: function(){return this.name + ": " + this.message} } } // hdpi support this.scale = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / ( this.c.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio || this.c.mozBackingStorePixelRatio || this.c.msBackingStorePixelRatio || this.c.oBackingStorePixelRatio || this.c.backingStorePixelRatio || 1 ); // detects relative width / height this.relativeWidth = this.o.width % 1 !== 0 && this.o.width.indexOf('%'); this.relativeHeight = this.o.height % 1 !== 0 && this.o.height.indexOf('%'); this.relative = this.relativeWidth || this.relativeHeight; // computes size and carves the component this._carve(); // prepares props for transaction if (this.v instanceof Object) { this.cv = {}; this.copy(this.v, this.cv); } else { this.cv = this.v; } // binds configure event this.$ .bind("configure", cf) .parent() .bind("configure", cf); // finalize init this._listen() ._configure() ._xy() .init(); this.isInit = true; this.$.val(this.o.format(this.v)); this._draw(); return this; }; this._carve = function() { if (this.relative) { var w = this.relativeWidth ? this.$div.parent().width() * parseInt(this.o.width) / 100 : this.$div.parent().width(), h = this.relativeHeight ? this.$div.parent().height() * parseInt(this.o.height) / 100 : this.$div.parent().height(); // apply relative this.w = this.h = Math.min(w, h); } else { this.w = this.o.width; this.h = this.o.height; } // finalize div this.$div.css({ 'width': this.w + 'px', 'height': this.h + 'px' }); // finalize canvas with computed width this.$c.attr({ width: this.w, height: this.h }); // scaling if (this.scale !== 1) { this.$c[0].width = this.$c[0].width * this.scale; this.$c[0].height = this.$c[0].height * this.scale; this.$c.width(this.w); this.$c.height(this.h); } return this; }; this._draw = function () { // canvas pre-rendering var d = true; s.g = s.c; s.clear(); s.dH && (d = s.dH()); d !== false && s.draw(); }; this._touch = function (e) { var touchMove = function (e) { var v = s.xy2val( e.originalEvent.touches[s.t].pageX, e.originalEvent.touches[s.t].pageY ); if (v == s.cv) return; if (s.cH && s.cH(v) === false) return; s.change(s._validate(v)); s._draw(); }; // get touches index this.t = k.c.t(e); // First touch touchMove(e); // Touch events listeners k.c.d .bind("touchmove.k", touchMove) .bind( "touchend.k", function () { k.c.d.unbind('touchmove.k touchend.k'); s.val(s.cv); } ); return this; }; this._mouse = function (e) { var mouseMove = function (e) { var v = s.xy2val(e.pageX, e.pageY); if (v == s.cv) return; if (s.cH && (s.cH(v) === false)) return; s.change(s._validate(v)); s._draw(); }; // First click mouseMove(e); // Mouse events listeners k.c.d .bind("mousemove.k", mouseMove) .bind( // Escape key cancel current change "keyup.k", function (e) { if (e.keyCode === 27) { k.c.d.unbind("mouseup.k mousemove.k keyup.k"); if (s.eH && s.eH() === false) return; s.cancel(); } } ) .bind( "mouseup.k", function (e) { k.c.d.unbind('mousemove.k mouseup.k keyup.k'); s.val(s.cv); } ); return this; }; this._xy = function () { var o = this.$c.offset(); this.x = o.left; this.y = o.top; return this; }; this._listen = function () { if (!this.o.readOnly) { this.$c .bind( "mousedown", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); s._xy()._mouse(e); } ) .bind( "touchstart", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); s._xy()._touch(e); } ); this.listen(); } else { this.$.attr('readonly', 'readonly'); } if (this.relative) { $(window).resize(function() { s._carve().init(); s._draw(); }); } return this; }; this._configure = function () { // Hooks if (this.o.draw) this.dH = this.o.draw; if (this.o.change) this.cH = this.o.change; if (this.o.cancel) this.eH = this.o.cancel; if (this.o.release) this.rH = this.o.release; if (this.o.displayPrevious) { this.pColor = this.h2rgba(this.o.fgColor, "0.4"); this.fgColor = this.h2rgba(this.o.fgColor, "0.6"); } else { this.fgColor = this.o.fgColor; } return this; }; this._clear = function () { this.$c[0].width = this.$c[0].width; }; this._validate = function (v) { var val = (~~ (((v < 0) ? -0.5 : 0.5) + (v/this.o.step))) * this.o.step; return Math.round(val * 100) / 100; }; // Abstract methods this.listen = function () {}; // on start, one time this.extend = function () {}; // each time configure triggered this.init = function () {}; // each time configure triggered this.change = function (v) {}; // on change this.val = function (v) {}; // on release this.xy2val = function (x, y) {}; // this.draw = function () {}; // on change / on release this.clear = function () { this._clear(); }; // Utils this.h2rgba = function (h, a) { var rgb; h = h.substring(1,7); rgb = [ parseInt(h.substring(0,2), 16), parseInt(h.substring(2,4), 16), parseInt(h.substring(4,6), 16) ]; return "rgba(" + rgb[0] + "," + rgb[1] + "," + rgb[2] + "," + a + ")"; }; this.copy = function (f, t) { for (var i in f) { t[i] = f[i]; } }; }; /** * k.Dial */ k.Dial = function () { k.o.call(this); this.startAngle = null; this.xy = null; this.radius = null; this.lineWidth = null; this.cursorExt = null; this.w2 = null; this.PI2 = 2*Math.PI; this.extend = function () { this.o = $.extend({ bgColor: this.$.data('bgcolor') || '#EEEEEE', angleOffset: this.$.data('angleoffset') || 0, angleArc: this.$.data('anglearc') || 360, inline: true }, this.o); }; this.val = function (v, triggerRelease) { if (null != v) { // reverse format v = this.o.parse(v); if (triggerRelease !== false && v != this.v && this.rH && this.rH(v) === false) { return; } this.cv = this.o.stopper ? max(min(v, this.o.max), this.o.min) : v; this.v = this.cv; this.$.val(this.o.format(this.v)); this._draw(); } else { return this.v; } }; this.xy2val = function (x, y) { var a, ret; a = Math.atan2( x - (this.x + this.w2), - (y - this.y - this.w2) ) - this.angleOffset; if (this.o.flip) { a = this.angleArc - a - this.PI2; } if (this.angleArc != this.PI2 && (a < 0) && (a > -0.5)) { // if isset angleArc option, set to min if .5 under min a = 0; } else if (a < 0) { a += this.PI2; } ret = (a * (this.o.max - this.o.min) / this.angleArc) + this.o.min; this.o.stopper && (ret = max(min(ret, this.o.max), this.o.min)); return ret; }; this.listen = function () { // bind MouseWheel var s = this, mwTimerStop, mwTimerRelease, mw = function (e) { e.preventDefault(); var ori = e.originalEvent, deltaX = ori.detail || ori.wheelDeltaX, deltaY = ori.detail || ori.wheelDeltaY, v = s._validate(s.o.parse(s.$.val())) + ( deltaX > 0 || deltaY > 0 ? s.o.step : deltaX < 0 || deltaY < 0 ? -s.o.step : 0 ); v = max(min(v, s.o.max), s.o.min); s.val(v, false); if (s.rH) { // Handle mousewheel stop clearTimeout(mwTimerStop); mwTimerStop = setTimeout(function () { s.rH(v); mwTimerStop = null; }, 100); // Handle mousewheel releases if (!mwTimerRelease) { mwTimerRelease = setTimeout(function () { if (mwTimerStop) s.rH(v); mwTimerRelease = null; }, 200); } } }, kval, to, m = 1, kv = { 37: -s.o.step, 38: s.o.step, 39: s.o.step, 40: -s.o.step }; this.$ .bind( "keydown", function (e) { var kc = e.keyCode; // numpad support if (kc >= 96 && kc <= 105) { kc = e.keyCode = kc - 48; } kval = parseInt(String.fromCharCode(kc)); if (isNaN(kval)) { (kc !== 13) // enter && kc !== 8 // bs && kc !== 9 // tab && kc !== 189 // - && (kc !== 190 || s.$.val().match(/\./)) // . allowed once && e.preventDefault(); // arrows if ($.inArray(kc,[37,38,39,40]) > -1) { e.preventDefault(); var v = s.o.parse(s.$.val()) + kv[kc] * m; s.o.stopper && (v = max(min(v, s.o.max), s.o.min)); s.change(s._validate(v)); s._draw(); // long time keydown speed-up to = window.setTimeout(function () { m *= 2; }, 30); } } } ) .bind( "keyup", function (e) { if (isNaN(kval)) { if (to) { window.clearTimeout(to); to = null; m = 1; s.val(s.$.val()); } } else { // kval postcond (s.$.val() > s.o.max && s.$.val(s.o.max)) || (s.$.val() < s.o.min && s.$.val(s.o.min)); } } ); this.$c.bind("mousewheel DOMMouseScroll", mw); this.$.bind("mousewheel DOMMouseScroll", mw); }; this.init = function () { if (this.v < this.o.min || this.v > this.o.max) { this.v = this.o.min; } this.$.val(this.v); this.w2 = this.w / 2; this.cursorExt = this.o.cursor / 100; this.xy = this.w2 * this.scale; this.lineWidth = this.xy * this.o.thickness; this.lineCap = this.o.lineCap; this.radius = this.xy - this.lineWidth / 2; this.o.angleOffset && (this.o.angleOffset = isNaN(this.o.angleOffset) ? 0 : this.o.angleOffset); this.o.angleArc && (this.o.angleArc = isNaN(this.o.angleArc) ? this.PI2 : this.o.angleArc); // deg to rad this.angleOffset = this.o.angleOffset * Math.PI / 180; this.angleArc = this.o.angleArc * Math.PI / 180; // compute start and end angles this.startAngle = 1.5 * Math.PI + this.angleOffset; this.endAngle = 1.5 * Math.PI + this.angleOffset + this.angleArc; var s = max( String(Math.abs(this.o.max)).length, String(Math.abs(this.o.min)).length, 2 ) + 2; this.o.displayInput && this.i.css({ 'width' : ((this.w / 2 + 4) >> 0) + 'px', 'height' : ((this.w / 3) >> 0) + 'px', 'position' : 'absolute', 'vertical-align' : 'middle', 'margin-top' : ((this.w / 3) >> 0) + 'px', 'margin-left' : '-' + ((this.w * 3 / 4 + 2) >> 0) + 'px', 'border' : 0, 'background' : 'none', 'font' : this.o.fontWeight + ' ' + ((this.w / s) >> 0) + 'px ' + this.o.font, 'text-align' : 'center', 'color' : this.o.inputColor || this.o.fgColor, 'padding' : '0px', '-webkit-appearance': 'none' }) || this.i.css({ 'width': '0px', 'visibility': 'hidden' }); }; this.change = function (v) { this.cv = v; this.$.val(this.o.format(v)); }; this.angle = function (v) { return (v - this.o.min) * this.angleArc / (this.o.max - this.o.min); }; this.arc = function (v) { var sa, ea; v = this.angle(v); if (this.o.flip) { sa = this.endAngle + 0.00001; ea = sa - v - 0.00001; } else { sa = this.startAngle - 0.00001; ea = sa + v + 0.00001; } this.o.cursor && (sa = ea - this.cursorExt) && (ea = ea + this.cursorExt); return { s: sa, e: ea, d: this.o.flip && !this.o.cursor }; }; this.draw = function () { var c = this.g, // context a = this.arc(this.cv), // Arc pa, // Previous arc r = 1; c.lineWidth = this.lineWidth; c.lineCap = this.lineCap; if (this.o.bgColor !== "none") { c.beginPath(); c.strokeStyle = this.o.bgColor; c.arc(this.xy, this.xy, this.radius, this.endAngle - 0.00001, this.startAngle + 0.00001, true); c.stroke(); } if (this.o.displayPrevious) { pa = this.arc(this.v); c.beginPath(); c.strokeStyle = this.pColor; c.arc(this.xy, this.xy, this.radius, pa.s, pa.e, pa.d); c.stroke(); r = this.cv == this.v; } c.beginPath(); c.strokeStyle = r ? this.o.fgColor : this.fgColor ; c.arc(this.xy, this.xy, this.radius, a.s, a.e, a.d); c.stroke(); }; this.cancel = function () { this.val(this.v); }; }; $.fn.dial = $.fn.knob = function (o) { return this.each( function () { var d = new k.Dial(); d.o = o; d.$ = $(this); d.run(); } ).parent(); }; })); ;(function( $, $w, $d ) { var $ks = $('.knob-scroll input'), h = function( e ) { return e.height() }; $w.on('load scroll', function(){ var d = h( $d ), w = h( $w ), s = Math.round( $w.scrollTop() / ( d - w ) * 100 ); $ks.val( s ).trigger('change'); }); function knobToScroll( val ) { var d = h( $d ), w = h( $w ); $w.scrollTop( val * ( d - w ) / 100 ); } $ks.knob({ 'thickness' : '.3', 'fgColor' : 'rgb(135, 226, 235)', 'bgColor' : 'rgb(240, 240, 240)', 'width' : '50', 'height' :'50', release : function ( val ) { knobToScroll( val ); }// Show input: }).find('input').show(); })( jQuery, jQuery( window ), jQuery( document ) ); </script><script type="text/javascript"> $('.login-link').click(function (e) { $("#login-form span:contains('LOGIN')").trigger('click'); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://dl.episerver.net/13.5.10/epi-util/find.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var disqus_shortname = 'www-emra';var disqus_identifier = 'e3185ed1-c45b-4aec-a786-824cde18d9c4'; (function() { var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true; dsq.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof FindApi === 'function'){var api = new FindApi();api.setApplicationUrl('/');api.setServiceApiBaseUrl('/find_v2/');api.processEventFromCurrentUri();api.bindWindowEvents();api.bindAClickEvent();api.sendBufferedEvents();} </script> </body> </html>

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