CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>List of St. Louis Cardinals owners and executives - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6a366f77-7d81-4e46-a343-7729b2c14091","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives","wgTitle":"List of St. Louis Cardinals owners and executives","wgCurRevisionId":1254597889,"wgRevisionId":1254597889,"wgArticleId":3013099,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with excerpts","Articles with hCards","Lists of Major League Baseball owners and executives","St. Louis Cardinals owners","St. Louis Cardinals executives","St. Louis Cardinals lists"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives","wgRelevantArticleId":3013099,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q16150935","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture", "bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="List of St. Louis Cardinals owners and executives - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-List_of_St_Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives rootpage-List_of_St_Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Owners,_transactions_and_valuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Owners,_transactions_and_valuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Owners, transactions and valuation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Owners,_transactions_and_valuation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Owners, transactions and valuation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Owners,_transactions_and_valuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chris_von_der_Ahe_(1882–1898)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chris_von_der_Ahe_(1882–1898)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Chris von der Ahe (1882–1898)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chris_von_der_Ahe_(1882–1898)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sam_Breadon_(1920–1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sam_Breadon_(1920–1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sam Breadon (1920–1947)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sam_Breadon_(1920–1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fred_Saigh_(1947–1953)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fred_Saigh_(1947–1953)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Fred Saigh (1947–1953)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fred_Saigh_(1947–1953)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_"Gussie"_Busch_Jr._(1953–1989)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_"Gussie"_Busch_Jr._(1953–1989)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>August "Gussie" Busch Jr. (1953–1989)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_"Gussie"_Busch_Jr._(1953–1989)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anheuser-Busch_(1989–1995)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anheuser-Busch_(1989–1995)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Anheuser-Busch (1989–1995)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anheuser-Busch_(1989–1995)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DeWitt,_Baur_and_Hanser_(1996–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DeWitt,_Baur_and_Hanser_(1996–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>DeWitt, Baur and Hanser (1996–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DeWitt,_Baur_and_Hanser_(1996–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_annual_financial_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_annual_financial_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Recent annual financial records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_annual_financial_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_owners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_owners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Principal owners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_owners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents_of_baseball_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents_of_baseball_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Presidents of baseball operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents_of_baseball_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_managers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_managers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>General managers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_managers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_executives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_executives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other executives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_executives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other executives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_executives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prior_executives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prior_executives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Prior executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prior_executives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_current_team_executives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_current_team_executives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Other current team executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_current_team_executives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Related lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of St. Louis Cardinals owners and executives</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16150935#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&oldid=1254597889" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&id=1254597889&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16150935" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the National Football League team that played in St. Louis from 1960 to 1987, see <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(NFL)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)">History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)</a>.</div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Professional_baseball" title="Professional baseball">professional baseball</a> <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports_league_organization#The_system_developed_in_baseball" title="Professional sports league organization">franchise</a> based in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, compete in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> (NL) of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Owners,_transactions_and_valuation"><span id="Owners.2C_transactions_and_valuation"></span>Owners, transactions and valuation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Owners, transactions and valuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chris_von_der_Ahe_(1882–1898)"><span id="Chris_von_der_Ahe_.281882.E2.80.931898.29"></span>Chris von der Ahe (1882–1898)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chris von der Ahe (1882–1898)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chris_von_der_Ahe_baseball_card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chris_von_der_Ahe_baseball_card.jpg/220px-Chris_von_der_Ahe_baseball_card.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chris_von_der_Ahe_baseball_card.jpg/330px-Chris_von_der_Ahe_baseball_card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chris_von_der_Ahe_baseball_card.jpg/440px-Chris_von_der_Ahe_baseball_card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chris_von_der_Ahe" title="Chris von der Ahe">Chris von der Ahe</a> baseball card.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Chris_von_der_Ahe" title="Chris von der Ahe">Chris von der Ahe</a> was the first owner of the Cardinals franchise, then known as the Brown Stockings and pioneered many of the elements commonly associated with the sport at the game. A <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Immigrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrant">immigrant</a> who made his way as a <a href="/wiki/Grocer" class="mw-redirect" title="Grocer">grocer</a> and saloon owner, he saw potential in the sport without otherwise having any other background in it.<sup id="cite_ref-Von_der_Ahe's_obituary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Von_der_Ahe's_obituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also became a polarizing figure with his employees and rivals: Von der Ahe was a flamboyant and magnanimous <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a> who gained enormous popularity in St. Louis and his team but was reviled by rival owners. He was marked by a willingness to charge lower admission rates, encouraging play on Sundays, and opening <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> concessions at the <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a>, a practice that the National League prohibited during Von der Ahe's time. He also was one of the few owners to make a profit during his time, in contrast with his rival owners, whose <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association (19th century)">American Association</a> eventually collapsed due to bankruptcy. <sup id="cite_ref-Von_der_Ahe,_pioneering_owner_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Von_der_Ahe,_pioneering_owner-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> owners such <a href="/wiki/Albert_Spalding" title="Albert Spalding">Albert Spalding</a> bristled at his promotional techniques that became common to today's game. <a href="/wiki/Charlie_O._Finley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie O. Finley">Charlie O. Finley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_McPhail" title="Larry McPhail">Larry McPhail</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Veeck" title="Bill Veeck">Bill Veeck</a> eventually employed sideshow attractions, like the "stadium club" and the shoot-the-chute.<sup id="cite_ref-Inventor_of_the_Cardinals_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inventor_of_the_Cardinals-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1881, after the Browns profited $25,000 from playing a season's worth of informal contests, Von der Ahe bought out the team's remaining stockholders for $1,800.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With baseball's already existing popularity in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> and increasing popularity in other cities such as <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, the time was right for a new league. Late that same year, along with other owners and financiers, Von der Ahe formed the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association (19th century)">American Association of Base Ball Clubs</a> with the Brown Stockings.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1899, von der Ahe, once the most successful owner in the AA, was forced to sell the Browns due to bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-Von_der_Ahe,_pioneering_owner_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Von_der_Ahe,_pioneering_owner-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sam_Breadon_(1920–1947)"><span id="Sam_Breadon_.281920.E2.80.931947.29"></span>Sam Breadon (1920–1947)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sam Breadon (1920–1947)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First making his mark as a local automobile dealer, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Breadon" title="Sam Breadon">Sam Breadon</a> first purchased a minority stake in the Cardinals in 1917 for $2,000, thus commencing 30 total years as owner of the Cardinals. Three years later, Breadon bought out the majority stock in the club to become the principal owner of the Cardinals and extinguished the futility that dredged the Cardinals' first three decades in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a>. Between 1926 and 1946, the Cardinals won six <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Series_champions" title="List of World Series champions">World Series titles</a> and nine <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_League_pennant_winners" title="List of National League pennant winners">National League pennants</a>. </p><p>Breadon was noted for a very conservative nature with his finances, highly demanding nature of his teams' success on the field, and bold moves otherwise. When he became minority owner, the Cardinals were $150,000 in debt.<sup id="cite_ref-Breadon_NYT_Obit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breadon_NYT_Obit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, he moved <a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Branch Rickey</a> from <a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">the dugout</a> to the <a href="/wiki/General_manager_(baseball)" title="General manager (baseball)">front office</a> and promoted <a href="/wiki/Second_baseman" title="Second baseman">second baseman</a> <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Hornsby" title="Rogers Hornsby">Rogers Hornsby</a> to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_player-managers" title="List of Major League Baseball player-managers">player-manager</a>. Breadon also convinced cross-town <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> rival <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Browns" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the St. Louis Browns">St. Louis Browns</a> owner <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ball_(baseball)" title="Phil Ball (baseball)">Phil Ball</a> to allow the Cardinals to move into <a href="/wiki/Sportsman%27s_Park" title="Sportsman's Park">Sportsman's Park</a>. This allowed him to sell the dilapidated <a href="/wiki/Robison_Field" title="Robison Field">Robison Field</a> property for a total of $275,000 to <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">the city</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trolley</a> company, clear their debts, and, with Rickey's oversight, establish an official, contractually-linked <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">minor league</a> <a href="/wiki/Farm_team" title="Farm team">farm system</a>. This strategy developed into the current minor league system and the Cardinals used it to circumvent the practice of bidding against the more affluent Major League teams such as the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants_(NL)" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Giants (NL)">New York Giants</a> for players from minor league teams, which at that time were unaffiliated. Although <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> has existed as long as baseball has been organized, it was the first player development system of its kind in any professional sport.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1920 and 1947, the Cardinals compiled a record of 2,470-1,830 for a winning percentage of .574.<sup id="cite_ref-2010_Veterans_Committee_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_Veterans_Committee-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he sold the Cardinals to <a href="/wiki/Fred_Saigh" title="Fred Saigh">Fred Saigh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hannegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Hannegan">Robert Hannegan</a> in 1947, the price was $3 million, at the time the largest transaction in baseball history.<sup id="cite_ref-Breadon_NYT_Obit_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breadon_NYT_Obit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fred_Saigh_(1947–1953)"><span id="Fred_Saigh_.281947.E2.80.931953.29"></span>Fred Saigh (1947–1953)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fred Saigh (1947–1953)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of the 1947 baseball season, Saigh got wind that longtime Cardinals owner Sam Breadon wanted to sell. Breadon faced two problems. He was ill with prostate cancer, and he had been unable to find land on which to build a planned new ballpark. The Cardinals had rented Sportsman's Park from the city's other major league team, the American League Browns, since 1920. The Cardinals had long since surpassed the Browns as the city's most popular team, and Breadon wanted to build a park of his own. He had set aside $5 million to build a park, and was facing the end of a five-year deadline to build it before having to pay taxes on that money. Saigh persuaded Breadon to sell the Cardinals to him, with the assurance that he wouldn't have to pay taxes on his $5 million fund. To further put him at ease, Saigh brought in Robert Hannegan as a minority partner. Hannegan was a prominent St. Louis businessman, former United States Postmaster General, and confidante of President Harry Truman. The $4 million deal closed in late 1947. </p><p>Saigh inherited a team in transition. The Cardinals, though then just one year removed from their ninth National League pennant and sixth World Series championship since 1926, had begun to decay as an organization. Five years before, Breadon had forced out legendary general manager Branch Rickey, who had quickly resurfaced with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Meanwhile, the Browns, under new owner Bill Veeck, began a concerted effort to drive the Cardinals out of town.<sup id="cite_ref-Purdy,_Dennis_2006_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purdy,_Dennis_2006-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1949, Hannegan, suffering from poor health, his share of the team to Saigh.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hannegan died that October of heart disease. As sole owner, Saigh's notable actions included leading other baseball owners to oust (by not renewing his contract) Commissioner of Baseball Happy Chandler in December, 1950 <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and proposing revenue-sharing of local television revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the tax dodge Saigh used soon came to light, as well as other questionable practices on his part.<sup id="cite_ref-Purdy,_Dennis_2006_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purdy,_Dennis_2006-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saigh was indicted on federal charges of evading $49,260 in income taxes between 1946 and 1949. In January 1953, he pleaded no contest to two counts involving more than $19,000 in tax underpayments, and was sentenced to 15 months in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein,_Richard_2000_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein,_Richard_2000-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served five months at the federal penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana, leaving in November 1953 when he was given parole for good behavior. </p><p>In February 1953, under pressure from Commissioner Ford Frick, Saigh put the Cardinals up for sale.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein,_Richard_2000_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein,_Richard_2000-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saigh would have almost certainly been thrown out of baseball if he hadn't sold the team. For a time, no credible offers surfaced from St. Louis interests, making it seem likely that the team would be purchased by someone interested in moving them to another city. The most promising offer came from a consortium of businessmen in Houston, Texas. The Cardinals owned the Houston Buffaloes of the Texas League; under major-league rules of the time, that meant they also held the major-league rights to Houston. The only question was whether Buffalo Stadium could be upgraded to major-league standards.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, just before he was due to reach a final agreement with the Houston group, Saigh sold the Cardinals to Anheuser-Busch, the St. Louis-based brewery. Although Anheuser-Busch's offer was far less ($3.75 million) than what out-of-town suitors had on the table, Anheuser-Busch president Gussie Busch persuaded Saigh that civic pride was more important than money. This all but assured that the Cardinals would stay in St. Louis. Shortly afterward, the Cardinals bought Sportsman's Park from the Browns. With their remaining leverage gone, it was the Browns who left town by the end of the season, becoming the Baltimore Orioles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_"Gussie"_Busch_Jr._(1953–1989)"><span id="August_.22Gussie.22_Busch_Jr._.281953.E2.80.931989.29"></span>August "Gussie" Busch Jr. (1953–1989)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: August "Gussie" Busch Jr. (1953–1989)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch#St._Louis_Cardinals" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch § St. Louis Cardinals</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gussie_Busch&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CardsRetired85.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CardsRetired85.PNG/110px-CardsRetired85.PNG" decoding="async" width="110" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/CardsRetired85.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="117" data-file-height="95" /></a><figcaption>Gussie Busch's number 85 was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_retired_numbers" title="List of Major League Baseball retired numbers">retired</a> by the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals#Retired_numbers" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a> in 1984.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1953, Cardinals owner <a href="/wiki/Fred_Saigh" title="Fred Saigh">Fred Saigh</a> was convicted of tax evasion. Facing almost certain banishment from baseball, he put the Cardinals up for sale. When Busch got word that Saigh was considering selling the team to interests who would move the team to <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston</a>, he decided to have Anheuser-Busch get into the bidding in order to keep the Cardinals in St. Louis.<sup id="cite_ref-Gussie_Busch_nytobit_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gussie_Busch_nytobit-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ultimately, Anheuser-Busch bought the Cardinals for $3.75 million–somewhat less than what Saigh was being offered by the Houston suitors. It has long been believed that Busch convinced Saigh that civic pride was more important than money.<sup id="cite_ref-Gussie_Busch_nytobit_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gussie_Busch_nytobit-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In truth, according to Anheuser-Busch biographer <a href="/wiki/William_Knoedelseder" title="William Knoedelseder">William Knoedelseder</a>, Saigh's first preference had been to sell to local buyers. Busch had been the first credible buyer who was willing to keep the team in town.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As chairman, president or CEO of the Cardinals from the time the club was purchased by the brewery in 1953 until his death, Busch oversaw a team that won six <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> pennants (1964, 1967, 1968, 1982, 1985, and 1987) and three World Series (<a href="/wiki/1964_World_Series" title="1964 World Series">1964</a>, <a href="/wiki/1967_World_Series" title="1967 World Series">1967</a> and <a href="/wiki/1982_World_Series" title="1982 World Series">1982</a>). </p> Although the Cardinals were the dominant baseball team in St. Louis, they did not own their own ballpark. Since 1920, they had rented <a href="/wiki/Sportsman%27s_Park" title="Sportsman's Park">Sportsman's Park</a> from the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Browns" title="St. Louis Browns">St. Louis Browns</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a>. Shortly after buying the Cardinals, Busch bought and extensively renovated the park, renaming it Busch Stadium (but only after a failed attempt to rename it as Budweiser Stadium). The team played there until <a href="/wiki/Busch_Memorial_Stadium" title="Busch Memorial Stadium">Busch Memorial Stadium</a> was built in the middle of the 1966 season.<sup id="cite_ref-Gussie_Busch_Storied_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gussie_Busch_Storied-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anheuser-Busch_(1989–1995)"><span id="Anheuser-Busch_.281989.E2.80.931995.29"></span>Anheuser-Busch (1989–1995)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anheuser-Busch (1989–1995)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990%E2%80%93present)#Joe_Torre_and_Anheuser-Busch_take_over_(1990–1995)" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1990–present)">History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1990–present) § Joe Torre and Anheuser-Busch take over (1990–1995)</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990%E2%80%93present)&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ozzie_Smith_1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ozzie_Smith_1983.jpg/220px-Ozzie_Smith_1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ozzie_Smith_1983.jpg/330px-Ozzie_Smith_1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ozzie_Smith_1983.jpg/440px-Ozzie_Smith_1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shortstop" title="Shortstop">Shortstop</a> <a href="/wiki/Ozzie_Smith" title="Ozzie Smith">Ozzie Smith</a> won eleven <a href="/wiki/List_of_Gold_Glove_Award_winners_at_shortstop" title="List of Gold Glove Award winners at shortstop">Gold Gloves</a> as a Cardinal and thirteen overall in his career.</figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch</a> died <a href="/wiki/1989_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1989 St. Louis Cardinals season">in 1989</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">brewery</a> took primary control of the Cardinals.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Cardinals_sale_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Cardinals_sale-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Cardinal catcher and third baseman <a href="/wiki/Joe_Torre" title="Joe Torre">Joe Torre</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Whitey_Herzog" title="Whitey Herzog">Whitey Herzog</a> as manager <a href="/wiki/1990_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1990 St. Louis Cardinals season">late in the 1990 season</a> after he unexpectedly resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite an in-season trade to the <a href="/wiki/1990_Oakland_Athletics_season" title="1990 Oakland Athletics season">Oakland A's</a> that season, outfielder <a href="/wiki/Willie_McGee" title="Willie McGee">Willie McGee</a> attained the requisite number of plate appearances to win his second <a href="/wiki/1990_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1990 Major League Baseball season">NL batting title</a> with the Cardinals at .335, making him the only player to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_batting_champions" title="List of Major League Baseball batting champions">win a batting title</a> and end the same season in the other Major League.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McGee's batting title was the main highlight in a season where the Cardinals finished last in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_East" title="National League East">division</a> (70–92, .432 winning percentage). It was the first occurrence that they finished last in the standings since <a href="/wiki/1918_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1918 St. Louis Cardinals season">1918</a> (52–78, .395 winning percentage), when they finished <a href="/wiki/1918_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1918 Major League Baseball season">last in the NL</a> when the two leagues had not yet been split into divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/1990_Atlanta_Braves_season" title="1990 Atlanta Braves season">Atlanta Braves</a> finished with the worst record in the NL (65–97, .401 winning percentage) <a href="/wiki/1990_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1990 Major League Baseball season">in 1990</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the Cardinals have avoided finishing last in the entire league every year since 1918, the longest such streak in Major League history and the 1990 season is still their only last place finish in their division.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Cardinals_franchise_index_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Cardinals_franchise_index-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> On October 14, 1994, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Jocketty" title="Walt Jocketty">Walt Jocketty</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Dal_Maxvill" title="Dal Maxvill">Dal Maxvill</a> as general manager. A recommendation for Jocketty came from <a href="/wiki/Tony_La_Russa" title="Tony La Russa">Tony La Russa</a>, whom he hired as manager later as Cardinals GM. "He's a guy who had all the qualities. A lot of baseball background, business background, willingness to take responsibility, had been mentored by really good people, <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Alderson" title="Sandy Alderson">Sandy Alderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gebhard" title="Bob Gebhard">Bob Gebhard</a>", according to La Russa.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Jocketty_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Jocketty-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a disappointing finish in 1994 (53–61) and start in 1995 (20–27), Jocketty fired Torre and replaced him on an interim basis with <a href="/wiki/Mike_Jorgensen" title="Mike Jorgensen">Mike Jorgensen</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DeWitt,_Baur_and_Hanser_(1996–present)"><span id="DeWitt.2C_Baur_and_Hanser_.281996.E2.80.93present.29"></span>DeWitt, Baur and Hanser (1996–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: DeWitt, Baur and Hanser (1996–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_DeWitt_Jr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Bill_DeWitt_Jr.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="166" /></a><figcaption>Current <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_DeWitt_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill DeWitt Jr">Bill DeWitt Jr</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As with other periods of the Cardinals' transaction history, doubt loomed as to whether the purchaser would keep the team in St. Louis, due to the city's status as a "small market," which appear to handicap a club's competitiveness. Such was the case when <a href="/wiki/Sam_Breadon" title="Sam Breadon">Sam Breadon</a> sold the Cardinals in 1947: <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_League_presidents" title="List of National League presidents">then-NL President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ford_Frick" title="Ford Frick">Ford Frick</a> had proposed to Breadon the idea of moving the Cardinals to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baseball's_Sign_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baseball's_Sign-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When AB placed the Cardinals for sale in 1995, they publicly expressed intention to find a buyer who would keep the club in St. Louis.<sup id="cite_ref-Cards_put_up_for_sale_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cards_put_up_for_sale-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1996, AB sold the team for $147 million to a partnership headed by Southwest Bank's <a href="/wiki/Drew_Baur" title="Drew Baur">Drew Baur</a>, Hanser and DeWitt Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-Baseball's_Sign_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baseball's_Sign-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Civic Center Redevelopment, a subsidiary of AB, held the parking garages and adjacent property and also transferred them to the Baur ownership group.<sup id="cite_ref-Judd2002_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judd2002-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baur's group then sold the garages to another investment group, making the net cost of the franchise purchase about $100 million, making the net purchase price about $10 million less than <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_World" title="Financial World">Financial World</a>'s</i> value of the team at the time $110 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Cards_put_up_for_sale_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cards_put_up_for_sale-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cards_owners'_value_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cards_owners'_value-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Current <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> owner <a href="/wiki/Bob_Castellini" title="Bob Castellini">Bob Castellini</a> and brothers Thomas Williams and W. Joseph Williams Jr. each once owned a stake in the Cardinals dating back to the Baur-DeWitt group's purchase of the team. To allow their purchase of the Reds in 2005, the rest of the group bought out Castellini's and the Williams brothers' shares, totaling an estimated 13%. At that time, the <i>Forbes</i> valued the Cardinals at about $370 million.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after reabsorbing that stake into the remainder of the group, they decided to make it available to new investors in 2010. Amid later allegations that the Cardinals owed the city profit shares, DeWitt revealed that their profitability had not reached the threshold to trigger that obligation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_annual_financial_records">Recent annual financial records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recent annual financial records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2013, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>, the Cardinals are the tenth-most valuable franchise of 30 in MLB at $716.2 million, with a revenue of $239 million. They play "in the best single-team baseball market in the country and are among the league's leaders in television ratings and attendance every season."<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_2013_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_2013-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concurrent with the growth of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, the Cardinals value has increased significantly since the Baur-DeWitt purchase. In 2000, the franchise was valued at $219 million,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a growth rate of 327%. Since 2012, the franchise's value grew 21%. </p> <table cellpadding="1" style="width:750px; font-size:90%; border:2px solid #0a2252;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;"> <td colspan="5">St. Louis Cardinals' financial value since 2009 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C41E3A;color:white;"> <td><b>Year</b></td> <td><b>$ Franchise Value (mil.)</b> <sup>1</sup></td> <td><b>$ Revenue (mil.)</b> <sup>2</sup></td> <td><b>$ Operating Income (mil.)</b> <sup>3</sup></td> <td><b>$ Player Expenses (mil.)</b> <sup>4</sup></td> <td><b>Wins-to-player cost ratio</b> <sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2009 St. Louis Cardinals season">2009</a> </td> <td>$486 </td> <td>$195 </td> <td>$   7 </td> <td>$120 </td> <td>  87 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2010 St. Louis Cardinals season">2010</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>$488 </td> <td>$195 </td> <td>$12.8 </td> <td>$111 </td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2011 St. Louis Cardinals season">2011</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>$518 </td> <td>$207 </td> <td>$19.8 </td> <td>$110 </td> <td>  94 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2012 St. Louis Cardinals season">2012</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanriper/2012/03/21/the-new-moneyball">TV Money Is A Game Changer For Baseball and The Dodgers</a> (Apr. 9 issue of <i>Forbes</i>) </td> <td>$591 </td> <td>$233 </td> <td>$25.0 </td> <td>$123 </td> <td>116 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2013 St. Louis Cardinals season">2013</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2013/03/27/baseball-team-valuations-2013-yankees-on-top-at-2-3-billion">Baseball Team Valuations 2013: Yankees On Top At $2.3 Billion</a>, <i>Forbes</i> (Mar. 27, 2013) </td> <td>$716 </td> <td>$239 </td> <td>$19.9 </td> <td>$134 </td> <td>102 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Valuation per <i>Forbes.</i><br /> <sup>1</sup> Based on current stadium deal (unless new stadium is pending) without deduction for debt, other than stadium debt. <br />     <small>(2013: Market $291 mil., Stadium $182 mil., Sport $151 mil., Brand Management $91 mil.) <br />     (2012: Market $240 mil., Stadium $157 mil., Sport $119 mil., Brand Management $78 mil.) <br />     (2011: Market $206 mil., Stadium $136 mil., Sport $111 mil., Brand Management $65 mil.)</small> </p><p><sup>2</sup> Net of stadium revenues used for debt payments. <br /> <sup>3</sup> Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. <br /> <sup>4</sup> Includes benefits and bonuses. <br /> <sup>5</sup> Compares the number of wins per player payroll relative to the rest of MLB. Playoff wins count twice as much as regular season wins. A score of 120 means that the team achieved 20% more victories per dollar of payroll compared with the league average in 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_owners">Principal owners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Principal owners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Tables key </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#ffb;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">†</div> </th> <td>Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tenure </th> <td>Tenure refers to MLB seasons, not necessarily dates hired and fired </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Principal franchise owners showing eras of ownership </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Tenure </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Ref(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="von der Ahe, Chris"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Chris_von_der_Ahe" title="Chris von der Ahe">Chris von der Ahe</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1882–1898</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Robison, Frank"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Robison" title="Frank Robison">Frank Robison</a></span></span></span> & <span data-sort-value="Robison, Stanley"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Robison" title="Stanley Robison">Stanley Robison</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1899–1908</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Robison, Stanley"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Robison" title="Stanley Robison">Stanley Robison</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1909–1911</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Britton, Helene Hathaway"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Helene_Hathaway_Britton" title="Helene Hathaway Britton">Helene Hathaway Britton</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1911–1916</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">The Cardinal Idea </th> <td>1917–1919</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Breadon, Sam"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Breadon" title="Sam Breadon">Sam Breadon</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1920–1947 <i>β</i></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Hannegan, Robert E."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Robert E. Hannegan</a></span></span></span> & <span data-sort-value="Saigh, Fred"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Saigh" title="Fred Saigh">Fred Saigh</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1948</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Saigh, Fred"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Saigh" title="Fred Saigh">Fred Saigh</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1949–1952</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Busch, Gussie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1953–1989</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch">Anheuser-Busch</a> </th> <td>1989–1995</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="DeWitt Jr., William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_DeWitt_Jr." title="William DeWitt Jr.">William DeWitt Jr.</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1996–present</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><b>Note:</b> <i>β</i> – Breadon was co-owner from 1917 to 1920 with no majority team owners at that time, but became principal owner in 1920 when he became president and the largest shareholder. He bought controlling interest in 1922 and held it until 1947, when he sold the team to Saigh and Hannegan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents">Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president typically reports direct to the owner in the case where the two positions were not held by the same person. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">List of presidents and their eras </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Tenure </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Ref(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Rickey, Branch"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Branch Rickey</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1919–1920 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Breadon, Sam"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Breadon" title="Sam Breadon">Sam Breadon</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1920–1947 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Busch, Gussie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1953–1989 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Kuhlmann, Fred"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Kuhlmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Kuhlmann (page does not exist)">Fred Kuhlmann</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1989–1991 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Meyer, Stuart"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Meyer" title="Stuart Meyer">Stuart Meyer</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1992–1994 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Lamping, Mark"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lamping" title="Mark Lamping">Mark Lamping</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1994–2008 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="DeWitt III, Bill"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bill_DeWitt_III" title="Bill DeWitt III">Bill DeWitt III</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>2008–present </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents_of_baseball_operations">Presidents of baseball operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Presidents of baseball operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">List of presidents of baseball operations and their eras </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Tenure </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Ref(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Mozeliak, John"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Mozeliak" title="John Mozeliak">John Mozeliak</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>2017–present </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_managers">General managers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: General managers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 14 <a href="/wiki/General_manager_(baseball)" title="General manager (baseball)">general managers</a> have served for the Cardinals. <a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Branch Rickey</a> was the Cardinals' first official GM – however, his role initially called for him to function more as a <a href="/wiki/Business_manager" title="Business manager">business manager</a> – as he pioneered certain functions attributed to the contemporary GM, such as developing the forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">minor league</a> <a href="/wiki/Farm_team" title="Farm team">farm system</a> that all Major League Baseball franchises use today. Rickey is also the longest-tenured GM in franchise history with 23 years. Notable Cardinals who have served as GM but gained their notoriety through other roles while with the Cardinals include former <a href="/wiki/Outfielder" title="Outfielder">outfielder</a> <a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Stan Musial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">manager</a> <a href="/wiki/Whitey_Herzog" title="Whitey Herzog">Whitey Herzog</a>. Rickey, <a href="/wiki/William_Walsingham_Jr." title="William Walsingham Jr.">William Walsingham Jr.</a>, Musial, <a href="/wiki/Joe_McDonald_(baseball_executive)" title="Joe McDonald (baseball executive)">Joe McDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Jocketty" title="Walt Jocketty">Walt Jocketty</a> and Mozeliak each won at least one <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> as Cardinals GM. Rickey won the most with four. <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Hall of Fame</a> inductees who have served as GM for the Cardinals include Herzog, Musial, and Rickey. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">List of general managers and their eras </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Tenure </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Ref(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#ffb;"><span data-sort-value="Rickey, Branch"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Branch Rickey</a></span></span></span><sup>†</sup> </th> <td>1919–1942 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Walsingham Jr., William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Walsingham_Jr." title="William Walsingham Jr.">William Walsingham Jr.</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1942–1953 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Meyer, Richard A."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Meyer" title="Richard A. Meyer">Richard A. Meyer</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1953–1955 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Lane, Frank"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lane" title="Frank Lane">Frank Lane</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1955–1957 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Devine, Bing"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bing_Devine" title="Bing Devine">Bing Devine</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1957–1964,<br />1967–1978 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Howsam, Bob"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Howsam" title="Bob Howsam">Bob Howsam</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1964–1966 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#ffb;"><span data-sort-value="Musial, Stan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Stan Musial</a></span></span></span><sup>†</sup> </th> <td>1967 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Claiborne, John"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Claiborne_(baseball_executive)" title="John Claiborne (baseball executive)">John Claiborne</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1978–1980 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#ffb;"><span data-sort-value="Herzog, Whitey"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Herzog" title="Whitey Herzog">Whitey Herzog</a></span></span></span><sup>†</sup> </th> <td>1980–1982 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="McDonald, Joe"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McDonald_(baseball_executive)" title="Joe McDonald (baseball executive)">Joe McDonald</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1982–1984 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Maxvill, Dal"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dal_Maxvill" title="Dal Maxvill">Dal Maxvill</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1984–1994 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Jocketty, Walt"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walt_Jocketty" title="Walt Jocketty">Walt Jocketty</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>1994–2007 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Mozeliak, John"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Mozeliak" title="John Mozeliak">John Mozeliak</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>2007–2017 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span data-sort-value="Girsch, Mike"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Girsch" title="Mike Girsch">Mike Girsch</a></span></span></span> </th> <td>2017–present </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_executives">Other executives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prior_executives">Prior executives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Prior executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_%22Chief%22_Bender" title="Sheldon "Chief" Bender">Sheldon "Chief" Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gebhard" title="Bob Gebhard">Bob Gebhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Hendin" title="Marty Hendin">Marty Hendin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Koenig" title="Fred Koenig">Fred Koenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_McAlister" title="Fred McAlister">Fred McAlister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_McDonald_(baseball_executive)" title="Joe McDonald (baseball executive)">Joe McDonald</a></li> <li>George Silvey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Thomas_(baseball)" title="Lee Thomas (baseball)">Lee Thomas</a>, Director of player personnel (1980–1988)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Wagner_(baseball)" title="Dick Wagner (baseball)">Dick Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Walker" title="Jerry Walker">Jerry Walker</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_current_team_executives">Other current team executives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other current team executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Moisés Rodríguez, Assistant General Manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Flores" title="Randy Flores">Randy Flores</a>, Assistant General Manager & Director of Scouting</li> <li>Gary LaRocque, Assistant General Manager & Director of Player Development</li> <li>Matt Slater, Special Assistant to GM/Player Procurement</li> <li>John Vuch, Director, Baseball Administration</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_lists">Related lists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Related lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_managers" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals managers">List of St. Louis Cardinals managers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_coaches" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches">List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_seasons" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals seasons">List of St. Louis Cardinals seasons</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Von_der_Ahe's_obituary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Von_der_Ahe's_obituary_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedeadballera.com/Obits/Owners/VonDerAhe.Chris.Obit.html">"Chris Von der Ahe's Obit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. June 6, 1913<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chris+Von+der+Ahe%27s+Obit&rft.date=1913-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedeadballera.com%2FObits%2FOwners%2FVonDerAhe.Chris.Obit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Von_der_Ahe,_pioneering_owner-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Von_der_Ahe,_pioneering_owner_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Von_der_Ahe,_pioneering_owner_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.sabr.org/journals/chris-von-der-ahe-baseballs-pioneering-huckster">"Chris Von der Ahe: Baseball's Pioneering Huckster"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">SABR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SABR&rft.atitle=Chris+Von+der+Ahe%3A+Baseball%27s+Pioneering+Huckster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.sabr.org%2Fjournals%2Fchris-von-der-ahe-baseballs-pioneering-huckster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inventor_of_the_Cardinals-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Inventor_of_the_Cardinals_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stltoday.com/news/opinion/columns/the-man-who-invented-the-st-louis-cardinals/article_d679bd5d-9978-526d-9349-742cfaab5e1e.html">"The man who invented the St. Louis Cardinals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i>. April 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Post-Dispatch&rft.atitle=The+man+who+invented+the+St.+Louis+Cardinals&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stltoday.com%2Fnews%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2Fthe-man-who-invented-the-st-louis-cardinals%2Farticle_d679bd5d-9978-526d-9349-742cfaab5e1e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Het99">Hetrick1999</a>: 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Het99">Hetrick1999</a>: 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breadon_NYT_Obit-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Breadon_NYT_Obit_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breadon_NYT_Obit_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thedeadballera.com/Obits/Owners/Breadon.Sam.Obit.html">"Sam Breadon dies in St. Louis at 72"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. May 11, 1949<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sam+Breadon+dies+in+St.+Louis+at+72&rft.date=1949-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthedeadballera.com%2FObits%2FOwners%2FBreadon.Sam.Obit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retrosimba.com/2012/11/25/top-5-reasons-why-sam-breadon-should-be-in-hall/">"Top 5 reasons Sam Breadon should be in Hall"</a>. <i>Retrosimba</i>. November 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosimba&rft.atitle=Top+5+reasons+Sam+Breadon+should+be+in+Hall&rft.date=2012-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fretrosimba.com%2F2012%2F11%2F25%2Ftop-5-reasons-why-sam-breadon-should-be-in-hall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010_Veterans_Committee-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010_Veterans_Committee_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuder2009" class="citation web cs1">Muder, Craig (November 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://community.baseballhall.org/page.aspx?pid=431">"Cardinal Rule: Breadon helped create St. Louis dynasty"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Baseball+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.atitle=Cardinal+Rule%3A+Breadon+helped+create+St.+Louis+dynasty&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft.aulast=Muder&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.baseballhall.org%2Fpage.aspx%3Fpid%3D431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19490511&id=PvVOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EQAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4647,4452500">"Sam Breadon made Cardinals great"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toledo_Blade" class="mw-redirect" title="Toledo Blade">Toledo Blade</a></i>. May 11, 1949<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Sam+Breadon+made+Cardinals+great&rft.date=1949-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1350%26dat%3D19490511%26id%3DPvVOAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DEQAEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4647%2C4452500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Purdy,_Dennis_2006-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Purdy,_Dennis_2006_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purdy,_Dennis_2006_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Purdy, Dennis (2006). The Team-by-Team Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball. New York City: Workman Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7611-3943-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7611-3943-5">0-7611-3943-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The School of Engineering salutes its newest endowed professors ... and the donors who made the professorships possible" (pdf), Engineering News, School of Engineering & Applied Science at Washington University in St. Louis, Spring 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Surprise!". Time. December 25, 1950.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Sporting News. May 16, 1951.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldstein,_Richard_2000-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein,_Richard_2000_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein,_Richard_2000_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldstein, Richard (January 2, 2000)"Fred Saigh, who helped Cardinals stay put, dies at 94". <i>The New York Times</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Veeck, Bill. Veeck--As in Wreck. New York City: G. P. Putnam's Sons. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226027210" title="Special:BookSources/9780226027210">9780226027210</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gussie_Busch_nytobit-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gussie_Busch_nytobit_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gussie_Busch_nytobit_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0328.html">Robert McG. Thomas Jr., "August A. Busch Jr. Dies at 90; Built Largest Brewing Company"</a>, On This Day, <i>New York Times</i>, September 30, 1989, accessed July 3, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnoedelseder2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Knoedelseder" title="William Knoedelseder">Knoedelseder, William</a> (2012). "4: The Man Who Saved The Cardinals". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Aeu3UYUtLokC"><i>Bitter Brew: The Rise and Fall of Anheuser–Busch and America's Kings of Beer</i></a>. HarperCollins. pp. 57–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062009272" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062009272"><bdi>978-0062009272</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4%3A+The+Man+Who+Saved+The+Cardinals&rft.btitle=Bitter+Brew%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Anheuser%E2%80%93Busch+and+America%27s+Kings+of+Beer&rft.pages=57-66&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0062009272&rft.aulast=Knoedelseder&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAeu3UYUtLokC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gussie_Busch_Storied-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gussie_Busch_Storied_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Curt_Smith_(author)" title="Curt Smith (author)">Smith, Curt</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storiedstadiumsb00curt"><i>Storied Stadiums</i></a></span>. New York City: Carroll & Graf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786711876" title="Special:BookSources/0786711876"><bdi>0786711876</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storied+Stadiums&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0786711876&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoriedstadiumsb00curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Cardinals_sale-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Cardinals_sale_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer1995" class="citation news cs1">Kramer, Staci (October 26, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1995/10/26/brewery-stuns-st-louis-with-plan-to-sell-cardinals/">"Brewery stuns St. Louis with plan to sell Cardinals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2013</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'St. Louis fans are the best in baseball. They have been generous in support of the Cardinals and indeed of Anheuser-Busch. It is our objective that they continue to be able to enjoy Cardinals baseball well into the future,' ... said <a href="/wiki/Chief_communications_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief communications officer">chief communications officer</a> John Jacob.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Brewery+stuns+St.+Louis+with+plan+to+sell+Cardinals&rft.date=1995-10-26&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Staci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1995%2F10%2F26%2Fbrewery-stuns-st-louis-with-plan-to-sell-cardinals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolbreich1990" class="citation news cs1">Holbreich, Curt (July 7, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-07-sp-247-story.html">"A dismayed Herzog quits as manager of the Cardinals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=A+dismayed+Herzog+quits+as+manager+of+the+Cardinals&rft.date=1990-07-07&rft.aulast=Holbreich&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-07-07-sp-247-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHummelMiklasz1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Hummel" title="Rick Hummel">Hummel, Rick</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Miklasz" title="Bernie Miklasz">Miklasz, Bernie</a> (August 5, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1990/08/05/cardinals-torre-opening-a-new-chapter-together/">"Cardinals, Torre opening a new chapter together"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Cardinals%2C+Torre+opening+a+new+chapter+together&rft.date=1990-08-05&rft.aulast=Hummel&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.au=Miklasz%2C+Bernie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1990%2F08%2F05%2Fcardinals-torre-opening-a-new-chapter-together%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStark1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jayson_Stark" title="Jayson Stark">Stark, Jayson</a> (October 7, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610200841/http://articles.philly.com/1990-10-07/sports/25894500_1_cardinals-weirdest-circumstances-success-story">"McGee fends off critics of his title"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Inquirer" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Inquirer">Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.philly.com/1990-10-07/sports/25894500_1_cardinals-weirdest-circumstances-success-story">the original</a> on June 10, 2015. <q>He succeeded in winning a batting title in one league and making it into the playoffs in another. So from that standpoint, nobody in history ever had a success story like Willie McGee's.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=McGee+fends+off+critics+of+his+title&rft.date=1990-10-07&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=Jayson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.philly.com%2F1990-10-07%2Fsports%2F25894500_1_cardinals-weirdest-circumstances-success-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL/1918.shtml">"1918 National League season summary"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=1918+National+League+season+summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fleagues%2FNL%2F1918.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL/1990.shtml">"1990 National League season summary"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=1990+National+League+season+summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fleagues%2FNL%2F1990.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Cardinals_franchise_index-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Cardinals_franchise_index_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/STL/">"St. Louis Cardinals Team History & Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=St.+Louis+Cardinals+Team+History+%26+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fteams%2FSTL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Jocketty-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990–present)_Jocketty_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornley" class="citation web cs1">Thornley, Stew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/c178f857">"Walt Jocketty"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft.atitle=Walt+Jocketty&rft.aulast=Thornley&rft.aufirst=Stew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fbioproj%2Fperson%2Fc178f857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baseball's_Sign-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baseball's_Sign_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baseball's_Sign_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1995/12/26/baseballs-sign-of-the-times-under-new-ownership/">"Baseball's Sign of the Times: Under New Ownership"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. December 26, 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Baseball%27s+Sign+of+the+Times%3A+Under+New+Ownership&rft.date=1995-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1995%2F12%2F26%2Fbaseballs-sign-of-the-times-under-new-ownership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cards_put_up_for_sale-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cards_put_up_for_sale_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cards_put_up_for_sale_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19951027&id=1ElWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G-sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6295,6351993">"Anheuser-Busch Puts Cardinals Up for Sale"</a>. <i>Eugene Register-Guard</i>. October 26, 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Anheuser-Busch+Puts+Cardinals+Up+for+Sale&rft.date=1995-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1310%26dat%3D19951027%26id%3D1ElWAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DG-sDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6295%2C6351993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Judd2002-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Judd2002_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Jud02">Judd 2002</a>: 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cards_owners'_value-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cards_owners'_value_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2001/05/07/story2.html?page=all">"Cards owners worth $4 billion"</a>. <i>St. Louis Business Journal</i>. May 6, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Cards+owners+worth+%244+billion&rft.date=2001-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fstlouis%2Fstories%2F2001%2F05%2F07%2Fstory2.html%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2005/11/21/story7.html?page=all">"Cardinals group to buy up departing owners' stakes"</a>. <i>St. Louis Business Journal</i>. November 20, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Cardinals+group+to+buy+up+departing+owners%27+stakes&rft.date=2005-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fstlouis%2Fstories%2F2005%2F11%2F21%2Fstory7.html%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stltoday.com/sports/baseball/professional/dewitt-iii-defends-cardinals-releases-owner-names/article_a04234e6-021e-11e0-910d-00127992bc8b.html">"DeWitt III defends Cardinals; releases owner names"</a>. <i>St. Louis Business Journal</i>. December 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=DeWitt+III+defends+Cardinals%3B+releases+owner+names&rft.date=2010-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stltoday.com%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Fprofessional%2Fdewitt-iii-defends-cardinals-releases-owner-names%2Farticle_a04234e6-021e-11e0-910d-00127992bc8b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes_2013-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_2013_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410200830/http://www.forbes.com/pictures/eddk45fghje/10-st-louis-cardinals/">"#10 St. Louis Cardinals"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. March 26, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/pictures/eddk45fghje/10-st-louis-cardinals/">the original</a> on April 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%2310+St.+Louis+Cardinals&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fpictures%2Feddk45fghje%2F10-st-louis-cardinals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.privco.com/private-company/st-louis-cardinals-llc">"St. Louis Cardinals, LLC"</a>. <i>Privco</i>. March 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Privco&rft.atitle=St.+Louis+Cardinals%2C+LLC&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.privco.com%2Fprivate-company%2Fst-louis-cardinals-llc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/33/baseball-valuations-10_St-Louis-Cardinals_333240.html">"#8 St. Louis Cardinals"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. April 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%238+St.+Louis+Cardinals&rft.date=2010-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Flists%2F2010%2F33%2Fbaseball-valuations-10_St-Louis-Cardinals_333240.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/lists/2011/33/baseball-valuations-11_St-Louis-Cardinals_333240.html">"#11 St. Louis Cardinals"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. March 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%2311+St.+Louis+Cardinals&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Flists%2F2011%2F33%2Fbaseball-valuations-11_St-Louis-Cardinals_333240.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/teams/st-louis-cardinals/">"#11 St. Louis Cardinals"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. March 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%2311+St.+Louis+Cardinals&rft.date=2012-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fteams%2Fst-louis-cardinals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329103132/http://www.forbes.com/teams/st-louis-cardinals/">"#10 St. Louis Cardinals"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. March 27, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/teams/st-louis-cardinals">the original</a> on March 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%2310+St.+Louis+Cardinals&rft.date=2013-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fteams%2Fst-louis-cardinals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStark1988" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jayson_Stark" title="Jayson Stark">Stark, Jayson</a> (June 19, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151019151226/http://articles.philly.com/1988-06-19/sports/26265695_1_herzog-cardinals-position-people">"So who is Lee Thomas, and where did he come from?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.philly.com/1988-06-19/sports/26265695_1_herzog-cardinals-position-people">the original</a> on October 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=So+who+is+Lee+Thomas%2C+and+where+did+he+come+from%3F&rft.date=1988-06-19&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=Jayson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.philly.com%2F1988-06-19%2Fsports%2F26265695_1_herzog-cardinals-position-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Het99" class="citation book cs1">Hetrick, J. Thomas (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chrisvonderahest00jtho"><i>Chris Von Der Ahe and the St. Louis Browns</i></a></span>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-3473-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-3473-1"><bdi>0-8108-3473-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chris+Von+Der+Ahe+and+the+St.+Louis+Browns&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8108-3473-1&rft.aulast=Hetrick&rft.aufirst=J.+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchrisvonderahest00jtho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Jud02" class="citation book cs1">Judd, Dennis (2002). <i>The Infrastructure of Play: Building the Tourist City</i>. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0956-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0956-4"><bdi>978-0-7656-0956-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Infrastructure+of+Play%3A+Building+the+Tourist+City&rft.place=Armonk%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0956-4&rft.aulast=Judd&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+St.+Louis+Cardinals+owners+and+executives" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseballamerica.com/execdb/?show=franchise&fid=stl">Baseball America: Executive Database</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_League_Baseball_owners" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MLBOwners" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:MLBOwners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MLBOwners" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:MLBOwners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MLBOwners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MLBOwners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_League_Baseball_owners" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_principal_owners" title="List of Major League Baseball principal owners">Major League Baseball owners</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_East" title="American League East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Rubenstein" title="David Rubenstein">David Rubenstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Baltimore_Orioles_owners_and_executives" title="List of Baltimore Orioles owners and executives">Baltimore Orioles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Henry" title="John W. Henry">John W. Henry</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Red_Sox_owners_and_executives" title="List of Boston Red Sox owners and executives">Boston Red Sox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Steinbrenner" title="Hal Steinbrenner">Hal Steinbrenner</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_Yankees_owners_and_executives" title="List of New York Yankees owners and executives">New York Yankees</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Sternberg" title="Stuart Sternberg">Stuart Sternberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Tampa_Bay_Rays_owners_and_executives" title="List of Tampa Bay Rays owners and executives">Tampa Bay Rays</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Communications" title="Rogers Communications">Rogers Communications</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Toronto_Blue_Jays_owners_and_executives" title="List of Toronto Blue Jays owners and executives">Toronto Blue Jays</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_Central" title="American League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Reinsdorf" title="Jerry Reinsdorf">Jerry Reinsdorf</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_White_Sox_owners_and_executives" title="List of Chicago White Sox owners and executives">Chicago White Sox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Dolan" title="Larry Dolan">Larry Dolan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Cleveland_Guardians_owners_and_executives" title="List of Cleveland Guardians owners and executives">Cleveland Guardians</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilitch_Holdings" title="Ilitch Holdings">Ilitch Holdings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Detroit_Tigers_owners_and_executives" title="List of Detroit Tigers owners and executives">Detroit Tigers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman_(businessman)" title="John Sherman (businessman)">John Sherman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Kansas_City_Royals_owners_and_executives" title="List of Kansas City Royals owners and executives">Kansas City Royals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Pohlad" title="Jim Pohlad">Jim Pohlad</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Minnesota_Twins_owners_and_executives" title="List of Minnesota Twins owners and executives">Minnesota Twins</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_West" title="American League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crane" title="Jim Crane">Jim Crane</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_owners_and_executives" title="List of Houston Astros owners and executives">Houston Astros</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Moreno" title="Arte Moreno">Arte Moreno</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Los_Angeles_Angels_owners_and_executives" title="List of Los Angeles Angels owners and executives">Los Angeles Angels</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher_(businessman)" title="John Fisher (businessman)">John Fisher</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Oakland_Athletics_owners_and_executives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Oakland Athletics owners and executives">Oakland Athletics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stanton" title="John W. Stanton">John W. Stanton</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Seattle_Mariners_owners_and_executives" title="List of Seattle Mariners owners and executives">Seattle Mariners</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Davis_(businessman)" title="Ray Davis (businessman)">Ray Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_R._Simpson" title="Bob R. Simpson">Bob R. Simpson</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_Rangers_owners_and_executives" title="List of Texas Rangers owners and executives">Texas Rangers</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_East" title="National League East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Media" title="Liberty Media">Liberty Media</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlanta_Braves_owners_and_executives" title="List of Atlanta Braves owners and executives">Atlanta Braves</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sherman" title="Bruce Sherman">Bruce Sherman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Miami_Marlins_owners_and_executives" title="List of Miami Marlins owners and executives">Miami Marlins</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(businessman)" title="Steve Cohen (businessman)">Steve Cohen</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_Mets_owners_and_executives" title="List of New York Mets owners and executives">New York Mets</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Middleton" title="John S. Middleton">John S. Middleton</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Philadelphia_Phillies_owners_and_executives" title="List of Philadelphia Phillies owners and executives">Philadelphia Phillies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lerner" title="Mark Lerner">Mark Lerner</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_Nationals_owners_and_executives" title="List of Washington Nationals owners and executives">Washington Nationals</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_Central" title="National League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Ricketts" title="Thomas S. Ricketts">Thomas S. Ricketts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_owners_and_executives" title="List of Chicago Cubs owners and executives">Chicago Cubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Castellini" title="Bob Castellini">Bob Castellini</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Cincinnati_Reds_owners_and_executives" title="List of Cincinnati Reds owners and executives">Cincinnati Reds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Attanasio" title="Mark Attanasio">Mark Attanasio</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Milwaukee_Brewers_owners_and_executives" title="List of Milwaukee Brewers owners and executives">Milwaukee Brewers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nutting" title="Robert Nutting">Robert Nutting</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pittsburgh_Pirates_owners_and_executives" title="List of Pittsburgh Pirates owners and executives">Pittsburgh Pirates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_DeWitt_Jr." title="William DeWitt Jr.">William DeWitt Jr.</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Louis Cardinals</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_West" title="National League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Kendrick" title="Ken Kendrick">Ken Kendrick</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Arizona_Diamondbacks_owners_and_executives" title="List of Arizona Diamondbacks owners and executives">Arizona Diamondbacks</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monfort_brothers" title="Monfort brothers">Monfort brothers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado_Rockies_owners_and_executives" title="List of Colorado Rockies owners and executives">Colorado Rockies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Baseball_Management" title="Guggenheim Baseball Management">Guggenheim Baseball Management</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Los_Angeles_Dodgers_owners_and_executives" title="List of Los Angeles Dodgers owners and executives">Los Angeles Dodgers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Seidler" title="Peter Seidler">Peter Seidler</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_San_Diego_Padres_owners_and_executives" title="List of San Diego Padres owners and executives">San Diego Padres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Baer" title="Larry Baer">Larry Baer</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_San_Francisco_Giants_owners_and_executives" title="List of San Francisco Giants owners and executives">San Francisco Giants</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_League_Baseball_general_managers_by_team" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MLB_general_managers_navbox" title="Template:MLB general managers navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MLB_general_managers_navbox" title="Template talk:MLB general managers navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MLB_general_managers_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MLB general managers navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_League_Baseball_general_managers_by_team" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> <a href="/wiki/General_manager_(baseball)" title="General manager (baseball)">general managers</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_general_managers" title="List of Major League Baseball general managers">by team</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">AL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_East" title="American League East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Elias" title="Mike Elias">Mike Elias</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Baltimore_Orioles_owners_and_executives" title="List of Baltimore Orioles owners and executives">Baltimore Orioles</a>)</li> <li><i>Vacant</i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Red_Sox_owners_and_executives" title="List of Boston Red Sox owners and executives">Boston Red Sox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cashman" title="Brian Cashman">Brian Cashman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_Yankees_owners_and_executives" title="List of New York Yankees owners and executives">New York Yankees</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bendix" title="Peter Bendix">Peter Bendix</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Tampa_Bay_Rays_owners_and_executives" title="List of Tampa Bay Rays owners and executives">Tampa Bay Rays</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Atkins_(baseball)" title="Ross Atkins (baseball)">Ross Atkins</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Toronto_Blue_Jays_owners_and_executives" title="List of Toronto Blue Jays owners and executives">Toronto Blue Jays</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_Central" title="American League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Getz" title="Chris Getz">Chris Getz</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_White_Sox_owners_and_executives" title="List of Chicago White Sox owners and executives">Chicago White Sox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Chernoff_(baseball)" title="Mike Chernoff (baseball)">Mike Chernoff</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Cleveland_Guardians_owners_and_executives" title="List of Cleveland Guardians owners and executives">Cleveland Guardians</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Greenberg_(sports_executive)" title="Jeff Greenberg (sports executive)">Jeff Greenberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Detroit_Tigers_owners_and_executives" title="List of Detroit Tigers owners and executives">Detroit Tigers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._J._Picollo" title="J. J. Picollo">J. J. Picollo</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Kansas_City_Royals_owners_and_executives" title="List of Kansas City Royals owners and executives">Kansas City Royals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Zoll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Zoll (page does not exist)">Jeremy Zoll</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Minnesota_Twins_owners_and_executives" title="List of Minnesota Twins owners and executives">Minnesota Twins</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_West" title="American League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Brown_(baseball)" title="Dana Brown (baseball)">Dana Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_owners_and_executives" title="List of Houston Astros owners and executives">Houston Astros</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Minasian" title="Perry Minasian">Perry Minasian</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Los_Angeles_Angels_owners_and_executives" title="List of Los Angeles Angels owners and executives">Los Angeles Angels</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Forst" title="David Forst">David Forst</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Oakland_Athletics_owners_and_executives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Oakland Athletics owners and executives">Oakland Athletics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Hollander_(baseball)" title="Justin Hollander (baseball)">Justin Hollander</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Seattle_Mariners_owners_and_executives" title="List of Seattle Mariners owners and executives">Seattle Mariners</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Young_(pitcher)" title="Chris Young (pitcher)">Chris Young</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_Rangers_owners_and_executives" title="List of Texas Rangers owners and executives">Texas Rangers</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">NL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_East" title="National League East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Anthopoulos" title="Alex Anthopoulos">Alex Anthopoulos</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlanta_Braves_owners_and_executives" title="List of Atlanta Braves owners and executives">Atlanta Braves</a>)</li> <li><i>Vacant</i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Miami_Marlins_owners_and_executives" title="List of Miami Marlins owners and executives">Miami Marlins</a>)</li> <li><i>Vacant</i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_Mets_owners_and_executives" title="List of New York Mets owners and executives">New York Mets</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Mattingly" title="Preston Mattingly">Preston Mattingly</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Philadelphia_Phillies_owners_and_executives" title="List of Philadelphia Phillies owners and executives">Philadelphia Phillies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rizzo_(baseball)" title="Mike Rizzo (baseball)">Mike Rizzo</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_Nationals_owners_and_executives" title="List of Washington Nationals owners and executives">Washington Nationals</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_Central" title="National League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Hawkins" title="Carter Hawkins">Carter Hawkins</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_owners_and_executives" title="List of Chicago Cubs owners and executives">Chicago Cubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Meador" title="Brad Meador">Brad Meador</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Cincinnati_Reds_owners_and_executives" title="List of Cincinnati Reds owners and executives">Cincinnati Reds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Arnold_(baseball)" title="Matt Arnold (baseball)">Matt Arnold</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Milwaukee_Brewers_owners_and_executives" title="List of Milwaukee Brewers owners and executives">Milwaukee Brewers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Cherington" title="Ben Cherington">Ben Cherington</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pittsburgh_Pirates_owners_and_executives" title="List of Pittsburgh Pirates owners and executives">Pittsburgh Pirates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Girsch" title="Mike Girsch">Mike Girsch</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Louis Cardinals</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_West" title="National League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hazen" title="Mike Hazen">Mike Hazen</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Arizona_Diamondbacks_owners_and_executives" title="List of Arizona Diamondbacks owners and executives">Arizona Diamondbacks</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Schmidt_(baseball)" title="Bill Schmidt (baseball)">Bill Schmidt</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado_Rockies_owners_and_executives" title="List of Colorado Rockies owners and executives">Colorado Rockies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Gomes" title="Brandon Gomes">Brandon Gomes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Los_Angeles_Dodgers_owners_and_executives" title="List of Los Angeles Dodgers owners and executives">Los Angeles Dodgers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._J._Preller" title="A. J. Preller">A. J. Preller</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_San_Diego_Padres_owners_and_executives" title="List of San Diego Padres owners and executives">San Diego Padres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zack_Minasian" title="Zack Minasian">Zack Minasian</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_San_Francisco_Giants_owners_and_executives" title="List of San Francisco Giants owners and executives">San Francisco Giants</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Note: Those listed here hold the title of <i>General Manager</i> for their team. Not all MLB teams have a person designated as such.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="St._Louis_Cardinals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066; !important;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals" title="Template:St. Louis Cardinals"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._Louis_Cardinals" title="Template talk:St. Louis Cardinals"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:St. Louis Cardinals"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="St._Louis_Cardinals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">St. Louis Cardinals</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;"><div> <ul><li>Established in <b><a href="/wiki/1882_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1882 Major League Baseball season"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">1882</span></a></b></li> <li>Based in <b><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">St. Louis, Missouri</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Franchise</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals_Hall_of_Fame_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum">Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_in_the_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals in the Baseball Hall of Fame">Members of the National Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals_award_winners_and_league_leaders" title="St. Louis Cardinals award winners and league leaders">Awards & League Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_team_records" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals team records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_no-hitters" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals no-hitters">No-hitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals_roster" title="Template:St. Louis Cardinals roster">Roster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals_all-time_roster" title="St. Louis Cardinals all-time roster">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_coaches" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches">Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_managers" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals managers">Managers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">General Managers and Owners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_broadcasters" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals broadcasters">Broadcasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals Opening Day starting pitchers">Opening Day starting pitchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals_minor_league_players" title="St. Louis Cardinals minor league players">Minor League Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_first-round_draft_picks" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals first-round draft picks">First-round draft picks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:St._Louis_Cardinals" title="Category:St. Louis Cardinals">All articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1875%E2%80%931919)" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1875–1919)">1875–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1920%E2%80%931952)" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1920–1952)">1920–1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1953%E2%80%931989)" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1953–1989)">1953–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1990–present)">1990–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_seasons" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals seasons">Seasons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">Ballparks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robison_Field" title="Robison Field">Robison Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsman%27s_Park" title="Sportsman's Park">Sportsman's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busch_Memorial_Stadium" title="Busch Memorial Stadium">Busch Memorial Stadium</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Busch_Stadium" title="Busch Stadium">Busch Stadium</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;"><i>Spring training:</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Johnson_Park" title="Ban Johnson Park">Whittington Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald_Park" title="Herald Park">Herald Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_End_Park_(Houston)" title="West End Park (Houston)">West End Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LECOM_Park" title="LECOM Park">City Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiology_Associates_Field_at_Jackie_Robinson_Ballpark" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiology Associates Field at Jackie Robinson Ballpark">City Island Ball Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LECOM_Park" title="LECOM Park">Ninth Street Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Lang_Stadium" title="Al Lang Stadium">Al Lang Stadium</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Roger_Dean_Stadium" title="Roger Dean Stadium">Roger Dean Stadium</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Ballpark_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Ballpark Village">Ballpark Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buck" title="Jack Buck">Jack Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budweiser_Clydesdales" title="Budweiser Clydesdales">Budweiser Clydesdales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Caray" title="Harry Caray">Harry Caray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Nation" title="Cardinal Nation">Cardinal Nation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_on_the_Diamond" title="Death on the Diamond">Death on the Diamond</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredbird" title="Fredbird">Fredbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gashouse_Gang" title="Gashouse Gang">Gashouse Gang</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Here_Comes_the_King" title="Here Comes the King">Here Comes the King</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMOX" title="KMOX">KMOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_London" title="Stan London">Stan London</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pride_of_St._Louis" title="The Pride of St. Louis">The Pride of St. Louis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_Squirrel" title="Rally Squirrel">Rally Squirrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Shannon" title="Mike Shannon">Mike Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteyball" title="Whiteyball">Whiteyball</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winning_Team" title="The Winning Team">The Winning Team</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">Lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_National_League_tie-breaker_series" title="1946 National League tie-breaker series">1946 NL tie-breaker series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaughter%27s_Mad_Dash" title="Slaughter's Mad Dash">Slaughter's Mad Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brock_for_Broglio" title="Brock for Broglio">Brock for Broglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandberg_Game" title="Sandberg Game">June 23, 1984 game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_National_League_Championship_Series#Game_5" title="1985 National League Championship Series">"Go Crazy, Folks!"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Call_(Kansas_City_Royals)" title="The Call (Kansas City Royals)">The Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padres_Paradise_Series" title="Padres Paradise Series">Padres Paradise Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Major_League_Baseball_home_run_record_chase" title="1998 Major League Baseball home run record chase">Home run chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tat%C3%ADs" title="Fernando Tatís">Fernando Tatís' two grand slams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Major_League_Baseball_wild_card_chase" title="2011 Major League Baseball wild card chase">2011 Major League Baseball wild card chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Freese%27s_2011_World_Series_home_run" class="mw-redirect" title="David Freese's 2011 World Series home run">Game 6 of the 2011 World Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_MLB_Little_League_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 MLB Little League Classic">2017 MLB Little League Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_MLB_London_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 MLB London Series">2023 MLB London Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_at_Rickwood_Field:_A_Tribute_to_the_Negro_Leagues" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB at Rickwood Field: A Tribute to the Negro Leagues">MLB game at Rickwood Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinals%E2%80%93Cubs_rivalry" title="Cardinals–Cubs rivalry">Chicago Cubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinals%E2%80%93Dodgers_rivalry" title="Cardinals–Dodgers rivalry">Los Angeles Dodgers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">Key personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Owner: <a href="/wiki/William_DeWitt_Jr." title="William DeWitt Jr.">Bill DeWitt Jr.</a></li> <li>President of Baseball Operations: <a href="/wiki/John_Mozeliak" title="John Mozeliak">John Mozeliak</a></li> <li>General Manager: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Girsch" title="Mike Girsch">Mike Girsch</a></li> <li>Manager: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Marmol" title="Oliver Marmol">Oliver Marmol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_minor_league_affiliates" title="List of St. Louis Cardinals minor league affiliates"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Minor league<br />affiliates</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Triple-A</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Redbirds" title="Memphis Redbirds">Memphis Redbirds</a></dd> <dt>Double-A</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Cardinals" title="Springfield Cardinals">Springfield Cardinals</a></dd> <dt>High-A</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peoria_Chiefs" title="Peoria Chiefs">Peoria Chiefs</a></dd> <dt>Single-A</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_Cardinals" title="Palm Beach Cardinals">Palm Beach Cardinals</a></dd> <dt>Rookie</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florida_Complex_League_Cardinals" title="Florida Complex League Cardinals">Florida Complex League Cardinals</a></dd> <dt>Foreign Rookie</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Summer_League_Cardinals" title="Dominican Summer League Cardinals">Dominican Summer League Cardinals</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">World Series<br />Championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;">pre-MLB</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1885_World_Series" title="1885 World Series">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_World_Series" title="1886 World Series">1886</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;">MLB</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1926_World_Series" title="1926 World Series">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_World_Series" title="1931 World Series">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_World_Series" title="1934 World Series">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_World_Series" title="1942 World Series">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_World_Series" title="1944 World Series">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_World_Series" title="1946 World Series">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_World_Series" title="1964 World Series">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_World_Series" title="1967 World Series">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_World_Series" title="1982 World Series">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_World_Series" title="2006 World Series">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_World_Series" title="2011 World Series">2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">League pennants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;">American Association</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1885_in_baseball" title="1885 in baseball">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_in_baseball" title="1886 in baseball">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_in_baseball" title="1887 in baseball">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_in_baseball" title="1888 in baseball">1888</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;">National League</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1926_World_Series" title="1926 World Series">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_World_Series" title="1928 World Series">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_World_Series" title="1930 World Series">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_World_Series" title="1931 World Series">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_World_Series" title="1934 World Series">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_World_Series" title="1942 World Series">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_World_Series" title="1943 World Series">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_World_Series" title="1944 World Series">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_World_Series" title="1946 World Series">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_World_Series" title="1964 World Series">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_World_Series" title="1967 World Series">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_World_Series" title="1968 World Series">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1982 National League Championship Series">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1985 National League Championship Series">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1987 National League Championship Series">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_National_League_Championship_Series" title="2004 National League Championship Series">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_National_League_Championship_Series" title="2006 National League Championship Series">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_National_League_Championship_Series" title="2011 National League Championship Series">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_National_League_Championship_Series" title="2013 National League Championship Series">2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">Division titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>National League East</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1982_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1982 National League Championship Series">1982</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1985_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1985 National League Championship Series">1985</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1987_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1987 National League Championship Series">1987</a></dd> <dt>National League Central</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_National_League_Division_Series" title="1996 National League Division Series">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_National_League_Division_Series" title="2000 National League Division Series">2000</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2002_National_League_Division_Series" title="2002 National League Division Series">2002</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_National_League_Division_Series" title="2004 National League Division Series">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2005_National_League_Division_Series" title="2005 National League Division Series">2005</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2006_National_League_Division_Series" title="2006 National League Division Series">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_National_League_Division_Series" title="2009 National League Division Series">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2013_National_League_Division_Series" title="2013 National League Division Series">2013</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2014_National_League_Division_Series" title="2014 National League Division Series">2014</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2015_National_League_Division_Series" title="2015 National League Division Series">2015</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2019_National_League_Division_Series" title="2019 National League Division Series">2019</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2022_National_League_Wild_Card_Series" title="2022 National League Wild Card Series">2022</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">Wild card titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_National_League_Division_Series" title="2001 National League Division Series">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_National_League_Division_Series" title="2011 National League Division Series">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_National_League_Wild_Card_Game" title="2012 National League Wild Card Game">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_National_League_Wild_Card_Game" title="2021 National League Wild Card Game">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">All Star Games hosted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="1940 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="1966 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066; !important;;"><div id="Seasons_(144)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Seasons (144)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1880s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="visibility:hidden">1880 · 1881 · </span> <a href="/wiki/1882_St._Louis_Brown_Stockings_season" title="1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1883 St. Louis Browns season">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1884 St. Louis Browns season">1884</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1885_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1885 St. Louis Browns season">1885</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1886_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1886 St. Louis Browns season">1886</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1887_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1887 St. Louis Browns season">1887</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1888_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1888 St. Louis Browns season">1888</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1889 St. Louis Browns season">1889</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1890s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1890_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1890 St. Louis Browns season">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1891 St. Louis Browns season">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1892 St. Louis Browns season">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1893 St. Louis Browns season">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1894 St. Louis Browns season">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1895 St. Louis Browns season">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1896 St. Louis Browns season">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1897 St. Louis Browns season">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_St._Louis_Browns_season" title="1898 St. Louis Browns season">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_St._Louis_Perfectos_season" title="1899 St. Louis Perfectos season">1899</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1900 St. Louis Cardinals season">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1901_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1901 St. Louis Cardinals season">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1902 St. Louis Cardinals season">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1903 St. Louis Cardinals season">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1904 St. Louis Cardinals season">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1905 St. Louis Cardinals season">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1906 St. Louis Cardinals season">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1907 St. Louis Cardinals season">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1908 St. Louis Cardinals season">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1909 St. Louis Cardinals season">1909</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1910 St. Louis Cardinals season">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1911 St. Louis Cardinals season">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1912 St. Louis Cardinals season">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1913 St. Louis Cardinals season">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1914 St. Louis Cardinals season">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1915 St. Louis Cardinals season">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1916 St. Louis Cardinals season">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1917 St. Louis Cardinals season">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1918 St. Louis Cardinals season">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1919 St. Louis Cardinals season">1919</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1920 St. Louis Cardinals season">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1921 St. Louis Cardinals season">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1922 St. Louis Cardinals season">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1923 St. Louis Cardinals season">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1924 St. Louis Cardinals season">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1925 St. Louis Cardinals season">1925</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1926_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1926 St. Louis Cardinals season">1926</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1927 St. Louis Cardinals season">1927</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1928_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1928 St. Louis Cardinals season">1928</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1929 St. Louis Cardinals season">1929</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1930_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1930 St. Louis Cardinals season">1930</a></b></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1931_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1931 St. Louis Cardinals season">1931</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1932 St. Louis Cardinals season">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1933 St. Louis Cardinals season">1933</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1934_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1934 St. Louis Cardinals season">1934</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1935 St. Louis Cardinals season">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1936 St. Louis Cardinals season">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1937 St. Louis Cardinals season">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1938 St. Louis Cardinals season">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1939 St. Louis Cardinals season">1939</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1940 St. Louis Cardinals season">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1941 St. Louis Cardinals season">1941</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1942_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1942 St. Louis Cardinals season">1942</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1943_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1943 St. Louis Cardinals season">1943</a></b></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1944_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1944 St. Louis Cardinals season">1944</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1945 St. Louis Cardinals season">1945</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1946_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1946 St. Louis Cardinals season">1946</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1947 St. Louis Cardinals season">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1948 St. Louis Cardinals season">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1949 St. Louis Cardinals season">1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1950 St. Louis Cardinals season">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1951 St. Louis Cardinals season">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1952 St. Louis Cardinals season">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1953 St. Louis Cardinals season">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1954 St. Louis Cardinals season">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1955 St. Louis Cardinals season">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1956 St. Louis Cardinals season">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1957 St. Louis Cardinals season">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1958 St. Louis Cardinals season">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1959 St. Louis Cardinals season">1959</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1960 St. Louis Cardinals season">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1961 St. Louis Cardinals season">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1962 St. Louis Cardinals season">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1963 St. Louis Cardinals season">1963</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1964_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1964 St. Louis Cardinals season">1964</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1965 St. Louis Cardinals season">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1966 St. Louis Cardinals season">1966</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1967_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1967 St. Louis Cardinals season">1967</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1968_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1968 St. Louis Cardinals season">1968</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1969 St. Louis Cardinals season">1969</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1970 St. Louis Cardinals season">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1971 St. Louis Cardinals season">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1972 St. Louis Cardinals season">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1973 St. Louis Cardinals season">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1974 St. Louis Cardinals season">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1975 St. Louis Cardinals season">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1976 St. Louis Cardinals season">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1977 St. Louis Cardinals season">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1978 St. Louis Cardinals season">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1979 St. Louis Cardinals season">1979</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1980 St. Louis Cardinals season">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1981 St. Louis Cardinals season">1981</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1982_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1982 St. Louis Cardinals season">1982</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1983 St. Louis Cardinals season">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1984 St. Louis Cardinals season">1984</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1985_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1985 St. Louis Cardinals season">1985</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1986 St. Louis Cardinals season">1986</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1987_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1987 St. Louis Cardinals season">1987</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1988 St. Louis Cardinals season">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1989 St. Louis Cardinals season">1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1990 St. Louis Cardinals season">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1991 St. Louis Cardinals season">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1992 St. Louis Cardinals season">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1993 St. Louis Cardinals season">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1994 St. Louis Cardinals season">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1995 St. Louis Cardinals season">1995</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1996_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1996 St. Louis Cardinals season">1996</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1997 St. Louis Cardinals season">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1998 St. Louis Cardinals season">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1999 St. Louis Cardinals season">1999</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2000_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2000 St. Louis Cardinals season">2000</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2001 St. Louis Cardinals season">2001</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2002_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2002 St. Louis Cardinals season">2002</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2003 St. Louis Cardinals season">2003</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2004_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2004 St. Louis Cardinals season">2004</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2005_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2005 St. Louis Cardinals season">2005</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/2006_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2006 St. Louis Cardinals season">2006</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2007 St. Louis Cardinals season">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2008 St. Louis Cardinals season">2008</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2009_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2009 St. Louis Cardinals season">2009</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2010 St. Louis Cardinals season">2010</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/2011_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2011 St. Louis Cardinals season">2011</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2012_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2012 St. Louis Cardinals season">2012</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2013_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2013 St. Louis Cardinals season">2013</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2014_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2014 St. Louis Cardinals season">2014</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2015_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2015 St. Louis Cardinals season">2015</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2016 St. Louis Cardinals season">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2017 St. Louis Cardinals season">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2018 St. Louis Cardinals season">2018</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2019_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2019 St. Louis Cardinals season">2019</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000066 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C41E3A, inset -2px -2px 0 #C41E3A; !important;;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2020_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2020 St. Louis Cardinals season">2020</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2021_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2021 St. Louis Cardinals season">2021</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2022_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2022 St. Louis Cardinals season">2022</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2023 St. Louis Cardinals season">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2024 St. Louis Cardinals season">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="2025 St. Louis Cardinals season">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_owners_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_franchise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066; !important;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals_owners" title="Template:St. Louis Cardinals owners"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._Louis_Cardinals_owners" title="Template talk:St. Louis Cardinals owners"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals_owners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:St. Louis Cardinals owners"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_owners_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_franchise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;">Principal owners</span></a> of the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals"><span style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;"><span style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;">St. Louis Cardinals</span></span></a> franchise</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_von_der_Ahe" title="Chris von der Ahe">Chris von der Ahe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Robison" title="Frank Robison">Frank</a> & <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Robison" title="Stanley Robison">Stanley Robison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helene_Hathaway_Britton" title="Helene Hathaway Britton">Helene Hathaway Britton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Breadon" title="Sam Breadon">Sam Breadon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Robert E. Hannegan</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fred_Saigh" title="Fred Saigh">Fred Saigh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Saigh" title="Fred Saigh">Fred Saigh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch">Anheuser-Busch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_DeWitt_Jr." title="William DeWitt Jr.">William DeWitt Jr.</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="St._Louis_Cardinals_presidents" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #C41E3A !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066; !important;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals_Presidents" title="Template:St. Louis Cardinals Presidents"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._Louis_Cardinals_Presidents" title="Template talk:St. Louis Cardinals Presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals_Presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:St. Louis Cardinals Presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="St._Louis_Cardinals_presidents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals"><span style="color:white;">St. Louis Cardinals</span></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:white;">presidents</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helene_Hathaway_Britton" title="Helene Hathaway Britton">Helene Hathaway Britton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Branch Rickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Breadon" title="Sam Breadon">Sam Breadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Kuhlmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Kuhlmann (page does not exist)">Fred Kuhlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Meyer" title="Stuart Meyer">Stuart Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lamping" title="Mark Lamping">Mark Lamping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_DeWitt_III" title="Bill DeWitt III">Bill DeWitt III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="St._Louis_Cardinals_general_managers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#C41E3A; color:#FFFFFF; border: 2px solid #000066;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals_general_managers" title="Template:St. Louis Cardinals general managers"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._Louis_Cardinals_general_managers" title="Template talk:St. Louis Cardinals general managers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:St._Louis_Cardinals_general_managers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:St. Louis Cardinals general managers"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="St._Louis_Cardinals_general_managers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">St. Louis Cardinals</span></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">general managers</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Branch Rickey</a> (1919–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Walsingham_Jr." title="William Walsingham Jr.">William Walsingham Jr.</a> (1942–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Meyer" title="Richard A. Meyer">Richard A. Meyer</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lane" title="Frank Lane">Frank Lane</a> (1955–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Devine" title="Bing Devine">Bing Devine</a> (1957–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Howsam" title="Bob Howsam">Bob Howsam</a> (1964–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Stan Musial</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Devine" title="Bing Devine">Bing Devine</a> (1967–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Claiborne_(baseball_executive)" title="John Claiborne (baseball executive)">John Claiborne</a> (1978–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Herzog" title="Whitey Herzog">Whitey Herzog</a> (1980–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_McDonald_(baseball_executive)" title="Joe McDonald (baseball executive)">Joe McDonald</a> (1982–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Maxvill" title="Dal Maxvill">Dal Maxvill</a> (1984–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Jocketty" title="Walt Jocketty">Walt Jocketty</a> (1994–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mozeliak" title="John Mozeliak">John Mozeliak</a> (2007–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Girsch" title="Mike Girsch">Mike Girsch</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&oldid=1254597889">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&oldid=1254597889</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_Major_League_Baseball_owners_and_executives" title="Category:Lists of Major League Baseball owners and executives">Lists of Major League Baseball owners and executives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:St._Louis_Cardinals_owners" title="Category:St. Louis Cardinals owners">St. Louis Cardinals owners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:St._Louis_Cardinals_executives" title="Category:St. Louis Cardinals executives">St. Louis Cardinals executives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:St._Louis_Cardinals_lists" title="Category:St. Louis Cardinals lists">St. Louis Cardinals lists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 19:48<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-d9l2b","wgBackendResponseTime":163,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.699","walltime":"0.852","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3762,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":272216,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1443,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":167629,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 684.984 1 -total"," 31.33% 214.607 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.94% 143.465 13 Template:Navbox"," 20.31% 139.130 2 Template:Excerpt"," 19.96% 136.702 20 Template:Cite_news"," 11.80% 80.831 1 Template:MLBOwners"," 11.68% 80.012 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.56% 38.089 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.83% 33.051 5 Template:Main_other"," 4.65% 31.871 1 Template:St._Louis_Cardinals"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.433","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6197365,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-6mkp4","timestamp":"20241127152033","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"List of St. Louis Cardinals owners and executives","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_St._Louis_Cardinals_owners_and_executives","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16150935","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16150935","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-10-27T18:09:43Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T19:48:56Z","headline":"Wikimedia list article"}</script> </body> </html>