CINXE.COM

<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="web tlp-clear" data-studio-config="eyJ4aHJDcmVkZW50aWFscyI6ZmFsc2UsInhockhlYWRlcnMiOnt9fQo="><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Global Initiatives</title><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/newsroom/news/global.xml" title="FIRST Global Initiatives" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Global Initiatives" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.first.org/_/img/first-big-icon.png" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.first.org/global/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="FIRST — Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams" /> <meta property="fb:profile_id" content="296983660669109" /> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@FIRSTdotOrg" /><meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/1st.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="128x128" href="/favicon.png" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_/web.css?20250110194732" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_/web.css?20250110194732" /></head><body><header><div id="header" data-studio="CU52CV1W8g"><div id="c3" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g"><div id="topbar"> <div class="sites right"> <ul> <li><a href="https://support.first.org" class="kb-datalist"><img src="/_/img/icon-portal_support.svg" alt="FIRST Support" title="FIRST Support" /></a></li> <li><a href="https://portal.first.org" class="button"><span class="no-tiny">Member </span>Portal</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="first-logo"> <p><a href="/"><img src="/_/img/first-org-simple-negative.svg" alt="FIRST.Org" title="FIRST" /></a></p> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul class="navbar"><li><a href="/about">About FIRST</a><ul><li><a href="/about/mission">Mission Statement</a></li><li><a href="/about/strategy/">Strategy Framework</a></li><li><a href="/about/history">History</a></li><li><a href="/about/sdg">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization">Organization</a><ul><li><a href="/about/organization/directors">Board of Directors</a></li><li><a>Operations Team</a><ul><li><a href="/about/organization/ccb">Community & Capacity Building</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization/events">Event Office</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization/executive-director">Executive Director</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization/infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization/secretariat">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/about/organization/committees">Committees</a><ul><li><a href="/about/organization/committees/compensation-committee">Compensation Committee</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization/committees/conference-program-committee">Conference Program Committee</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization/committees/membership-committee">Membership Committee</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization/committees/rules-committee">Rules Committee</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization/committees/standards">Standards Committee</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/events/agm">Annual General Meeting</a></li><li><a href="/about/organization/reports">Annual Reports and Tax Filings</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/about/policies">FIRST Policies</a><ul><li><a href="/about/policies/anti-corruption">Anti-Corruption Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/antitrust">Antitrust Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/bylaws">Bylaws</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/board-duties">Board duties</a></li><li><a href="/about/bugs">Bug Bounty Program</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/code-of-conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/conflict-policy">Conflict of Interest Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/doc-rec-retention-policy">Document Record Retention and Destruction Policy</a></li><li><a href="/newsroom/policy">FIRST Press Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/gen-event-reg-refund-policy">General Event Registration Refund Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/event-site-selection">Guidelines for Site Selection for all FIRST events</a></li><li><a href="/identity">Identity & Logo Usage</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/mailing-list">Mailing List Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/media">Media Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/registration-terms-conditions">Registration Terms & Conditions</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/terms">Services Terms of Use</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/standards">Standards Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/diversity">Statement on Diversity & Inclusion</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/translation-policy">Translation Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/travel-policy">Travel Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/uniform-ipr">Uniform IPR Policy</a></li><li><a href="/about/policies/whistleblower-policy">Whistleblower Protection Policy</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/about/partners">Partnerships</a><ul><li><a href="/global/partners">Partners</a></li><li><a href="/global/friends">Friends of FIRST</a></li><li><a href="/global/supporters/">FIRST Supporters</a></li><li><a href="/about/sponsors">FIRST Sponsors</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/newsroom">Newsroom</a><ul><li><a href="/newsroom/news">What's New</a></li><li><a href="/newsroom/releases">Press Releases</a></li><li><a href="/newsroom/news/media">In the News</a></li><li><a href="/podcasts">Podcasts</a><ul><li><a href="/newsroom/news/first-impressions/">FIRST Impressions Podcast</a></li><li><a href="/newsroom/news/podcasts/">FIRSTCON Podcast</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/newsroom/newsletters">Newsletters</a></li><li><a href="/newsroom/policy">FIRST Press Policy</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/about/procurement">Procurement</a></li><li><a href="/about/jobs/">Jobs</a></li><li><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/members">Membership</a><ul><li><a href="/membership/">Becoming a Member</a><ul><li><a href="/membership/process">Membership Process for Teams</a></li><li><a href="/membership/process-associates">Membership Process for Associates</a></li><li><a href="/membership/process-liaisons">Membership Process for Liaisons</a></li><li><a href="/membership/#Fees">Membership Fees</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/members/teams">FIRST Teams</a></li><li><a href="/members/liaisons">FIRST Liaisons</a></li><li><a href="/members/map">Members around the world</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global">Initiatives</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs">Special Interest Groups (SIGs)</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/framework">SIGs Framework</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/academicsec" class="borderb">Academic Security SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ai-security">AI Security SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/automation">Automation SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/communications/">Cybersecurity Communications SIG</a></li><li><a href="/cvss">Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS-SIG)</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/4.0">Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/specification-document">Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/user-guide">User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4-0">CVSS v4.0 Documentation & Resources</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/4.0">CVSS v4.0 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/specification-document">CVSS v4.0 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/user-guide">CVSS v4.0 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/examples">CVSS v4.0 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/faq">CVSS v4.0 FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3-1">CVSS v3.1 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/3.1">CVSS v3.1 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/specification-document">CVSS v3.1 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/user-guide">CVSS v3.1 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/examples">CVSS v3.1 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/use-design">CVSS v3.1 Calculator Use & Design</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3-0">CVSS v3.0 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/3.0">CVSS v3.0 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/specification-document">CVSS v3.0 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/user-guide">CVSS v3.0 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/examples">CVSS v3.0 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/use-design">CVSS v3.0 Calculator Use & Design</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2">CVSS v2 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/v2/guide">CVSS v2 Complete Documentation</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/history">CVSS v2 History</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/team">CVSS-SIG team</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/meetings">SIG Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/adopters">CVSS Adopters</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/links">CVSS Links</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1">CVSS v1 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/v1/intro">Introduction to CVSS</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1/guide">Complete CVSS v1 Guide</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/data-representations">JSON & XML Data Representations</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/training">CVSS On-Line Training Course</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/identity">Identity & logo usage</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/csirt">CSIRT Framework Development SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cyberinsurance">Cyber Insurance SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cyberinsurance/events">Cyber Insurance SIG Webinars</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti">Cyber Threat Intelligence SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/">Curriculum</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/cti-introduction">Introduction to CTI as a General topic</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/methods-methodology">Methods and Methodology</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/pir">Priority Intelligence Requirement (PIR)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/source-evaluation">Source Evaluation and Information Reliability</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/machine-human">Machine and Human Analysis Techniques (and Intelligence Cycle)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/threat-modelling">Threat Modelling</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/training">Training</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/standards">Standards</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/glossary">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/cti-reporting/">Communicating Uncertainties in CTI Reporting</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/events/">Webinars and Online Training</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program">Building a CTI program and team</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/program-stages">Program maturity stages</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/stage1">CTI Maturity model - Stage 1</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/stage2">CTI Maturity model - Stage 2</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/stage3">CTI Maturity model - Stage 3</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/starter-kit">Program Starter Kit</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/resources">Resources and supporting materials</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/digital-safety">Digital Safety SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns">DNS Abuse SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/">Stakeholder Advice</a><ul><li><a>Detection</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/cache-poisoning">Cache Poisoning</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dga">DGA Domains</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dns-as-a-vector-for-dos">DNS As a Vector for DoS</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dns-rebinding">DNS Rebinding</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dns-server-compromise">DNS Server Compromise</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dos-against-the-dns">DoS Against the DNS</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/domain-name-compromise">Domain Name Compromise</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dynamic-dns-resolution-as-obfuscation-technique">Dynamic DNS (as obfuscation technique)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/lame-delegations">Lame Delegations</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/local-resolver-hijacking">Local Resolver Hijacking</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/on-path-dns-attack">On-path DNS Attack</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/stub-resolver-hijacking">Stub Resolver Hijacking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/policies">Code of Conduct & Other Policies</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/dns-abuse-examples">Examples of DNS Abuse</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ethics">Ethics SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/ethics/ethics-first">Ethics for Incident Response Teams</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/epss/">Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)</a><ul><li><a href="/epss/model">The EPSS Model</a></li><li><a href="/epss/data_stats">Data and Statistics</a></li><li><a href="/epss/user-guide">User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/epss/research">EPSS Research and Presentations</a></li><li><a href="/epss/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/epss/who_is_using">Who is using EPSS?</a></li><li><a href="/epss/epss_tools">Open-source EPSS Tools</a></li><li><a href="/epss/api">API</a></li><li><a href="/epss/papers">Related Exploit Research</a></li><li><a>Blog</a><ul><li><a href="/epss/articles/prob_percentile_bins">Understanding EPSS Probabilities and Percentiles</a></li><li><a href="/epss/articles/log4shell">Log4Shell Use Case</a></li><li><a href="/epss/articles/estimating_old_cvss">Estimating CVSS v3 Scores for 100,000 Older Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/epss/partners">Data Partners</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/msr/">FIRST Multi-Stakeholder Ransomware SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/hfs/">Human Factors in Security SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ics">Industrial Control Systems SIG (ICS-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/iep">Information Exchange Policy SIG (IEP-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/information-sharing">Information Sharing SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/information-sharing/misp">Malware Information Sharing Platform</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/le">Law Enforcement SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/malware">Malware Analysis SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/malware/ma-framework">Malware Analysis Framework</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/malware/ma-framework/malwaretools">Malware Analysis Tools</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/metrics">Metrics SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/metrics/events">Metrics SIG Webinars</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/netsec/">NETSEC SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/passive-dns">Passive DNS Exchange</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/policy">Policy SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/psirt">PSIRT SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/red-team">Red Team SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cpg">Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ctf">Security Lounge SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/soc/">Security Operations Center SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/tic/">Threat Intel Coalition SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/tic/membership-rules">Membership Requirements and Veto Rules</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/tlp">Traffic Light Protocol (TLP-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/transport">Transportation and Mobility SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/vulnerability-coordination">Vulnerability Coordination</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/vulnerability-coordination/multiparty">Multi-Party Vulnerability Coordination and Disclosure</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/vulnerability-coordination/multiparty/guidelines">Guidelines and Practices for Multi-Party Vulnerability Coordination and Disclosure</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/vrdx">Vulnerability Reporting and Data eXchange SIG (VRDX-SIG)</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/vrdx/vdb-catalog">Vulnerability Database Catalog</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/wof">Women of FIRST</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/governance">Internet Governance</a></li><li><a href="/global/irt-database">IR Database</a></li><li><a href="/global/fellowship">Fellowship Program</a><ul><li><a href="https://portal.first.org/fellowship">Application Form</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/mentorship">Mentorship Program</a></li><li><a href="/hof">IR Hall of Fame</a><ul><li><a href="/hof/inductees">Hall of Fame Inductees</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/victim-notification">Victim Notification</a></li><li><a href="/volunteers/">Volunteers at FIRST</a><ul><li><a href="/volunteers/list">FIRST Volunteers</a></li><li><a href="/volunteers/participation">Volunteer Contribution Record</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new">Previous Activities</a><ul><li><a href="/global/practices">Best Practices Contest</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/standards">Standards & Publications</a><ul><li><a href="/standards">Standards</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss">Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/tlp">Traffic Light Protocol (TLP)</a><ul><li><a href="/tlp/use-cases">TLP Use Cases</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/standards/frameworks/">Service Frameworks</a><ul><li><a href="/standards/frameworks/csirts">CSIRT Services Framework</a></li><li><a href="/standards/frameworks/psirts">PSIRT Services Framework</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/iep">Information Exchange Policy (IEP)</a><ul><li><a href="/iep/iep_framework_2_0">IEP 2.0 Framework</a></li><li><a href="/iep/iep-json-2_0">IEP 2.0 JSON Specification</a></li><li><a href="/iep/iep-polices">Standard IEP Policies</a><ul><li><a href="https://www.first.org/iep/2.0/first-tlp-iep.iepj">IEP TLP Policy File</a></li><li><a href="https://www.first.org/iep/2.0/first-unknown-iep.iepj">IEP Unknown Policy File</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/iep/iep_v1_0">IEP 1.0 Archive</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/passive-dns">Passive DNS Exchange</a></li><li><a href="/epss">Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/resources/papers">Publications</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/events">Events</a></li><li><a href="/education">Education</a><ul><li><a href="/education/first-training">FIRST Training</a><ul><li><a href="/education/trainings">Training Courses</a></li><li><a href="/education/trainers">FIRST Trainers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog">Blog</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div id="home-buttons"> <p><a href="/join" data-title="Join"><img alt="Join" src="/_/img/icon-join.svg"><span class="tt-join">Join<span>Details about FIRST membership and joining as a full member or liaison.</span></span></a> <a href="/learn" data-title="Learn"><img alt="Learn" src="/_/img/icon-learn.svg"><span class="tt-learn">Learn<span>Training and workshop opportunities, and details about the FIRST learning platform.</span></span></a> <a href="/participate" data-title="Participate"><img alt="Participate" src="/_/img/icon-participate.svg"><span class="tt-participate">Participate<span>Read about upcoming events, SIGs, and know what is going on.</span></span></a></p> </div></div></div></header><div id="body" data-studio="CU52CV1W8g"><div id="c1" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g"><h1 id="Global-Initiatives">Global Initiatives</h1> <p>FIRST is the only worldwide global CSIRT forum and our members are the top experts from across the field from all over the world. With its global scope and its heterogeneous character, FIRST supports and collaborates existing initiatives to outreach to our global CSIRT members.</p> <p>FIRST as an global umbrella organization bringing together a wide variety of collaborative and cooperative approaches of the multiple disciplines involved in computer and network security incident response.</p> <p><a href="/global/sigs">Special Interest Groups [SIGs]</a> which provide opportunities for members of the incident response community to discuss topics of common interest.</p> <p>FIRST also has other outreach and partnership efforts including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/global/standardisation">Standardization efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/global/education">Education Program</a></li> <li><a href="/global/fellowship">Fellowship Program</a></li> <li><a href="/global/irt-database">IR Database</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.first.org/about/partners">Partnerships</a></li> </ul></div></div><div id="navbar" data-studio="CU52CV1W8g"><div id="c4" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g"><ul class="navbar"><li><a href="/global">Initiatives</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs">Special Interest Groups (SIGs)</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/framework">SIGs Framework</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/academicsec" class="borderb">Academic Security SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ai-security">AI Security SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/automation">Automation SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/communications/">Cybersecurity Communications SIG</a></li><li><a href="/cvss">Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS-SIG)</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/4.0">Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/specification-document">Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/user-guide">User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4-0">CVSS v4.0 Documentation & Resources</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/4.0">CVSS v4.0 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/specification-document">CVSS v4.0 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/user-guide">CVSS v4.0 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/examples">CVSS v4.0 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/faq">CVSS v4.0 FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3-1">CVSS v3.1 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/3.1">CVSS v3.1 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/specification-document">CVSS v3.1 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/user-guide">CVSS v3.1 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/examples">CVSS v3.1 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/use-design">CVSS v3.1 Calculator Use & Design</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3-0">CVSS v3.0 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/3.0">CVSS v3.0 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/specification-document">CVSS v3.0 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/user-guide">CVSS v3.0 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/examples">CVSS v3.0 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/use-design">CVSS v3.0 Calculator Use & Design</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2">CVSS v2 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/v2/guide">CVSS v2 Complete Documentation</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/history">CVSS v2 History</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/team">CVSS-SIG team</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/meetings">SIG Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/adopters">CVSS Adopters</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/links">CVSS Links</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1">CVSS v1 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/v1/intro">Introduction to CVSS</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1/guide">Complete CVSS v1 Guide</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/data-representations">JSON & XML Data Representations</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/training">CVSS On-Line Training Course</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/identity">Identity & logo usage</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/csirt">CSIRT Framework Development SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cyberinsurance">Cyber Insurance SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cyberinsurance/events">Cyber Insurance SIG Webinars</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti">Cyber Threat Intelligence SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/">Curriculum</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/cti-introduction">Introduction to CTI as a General topic</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/methods-methodology">Methods and Methodology</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/pir">Priority Intelligence Requirement (PIR)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/source-evaluation">Source Evaluation and Information Reliability</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/machine-human">Machine and Human Analysis Techniques (and Intelligence Cycle)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/threat-modelling">Threat Modelling</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/training">Training</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/standards">Standards</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/glossary">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/cti-reporting/">Communicating Uncertainties in CTI Reporting</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/events/">Webinars and Online Training</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program">Building a CTI program and team</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/program-stages">Program maturity stages</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/stage1">CTI Maturity model - Stage 1</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/stage2">CTI Maturity model - Stage 2</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/stage3">CTI Maturity model - Stage 3</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/starter-kit">Program Starter Kit</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/resources">Resources and supporting materials</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/digital-safety">Digital Safety SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns">DNS Abuse SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/">Stakeholder Advice</a><ul><li><a>Detection</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/cache-poisoning">Cache Poisoning</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dga">DGA Domains</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dns-as-a-vector-for-dos">DNS As a Vector for DoS</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dns-rebinding">DNS Rebinding</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dns-server-compromise">DNS Server Compromise</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dos-against-the-dns">DoS Against the DNS</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/domain-name-compromise">Domain Name Compromise</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/dynamic-dns-resolution-as-obfuscation-technique">Dynamic DNS (as obfuscation technique)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/lame-delegations">Lame Delegations</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/local-resolver-hijacking">Local Resolver Hijacking</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/on-path-dns-attack">On-path DNS Attack</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/stakeholder-advice/detection/stub-resolver-hijacking">Stub Resolver Hijacking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/policies">Code of Conduct & Other Policies</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/dns-abuse-examples">Examples of DNS Abuse</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ethics">Ethics SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/ethics/ethics-first">Ethics for Incident Response Teams</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/epss/">Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)</a><ul><li><a href="/epss/model">The EPSS Model</a></li><li><a href="/epss/data_stats">Data and Statistics</a></li><li><a href="/epss/user-guide">User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/epss/research">EPSS Research and Presentations</a></li><li><a href="/epss/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/epss/who_is_using">Who is using EPSS?</a></li><li><a href="/epss/epss_tools">Open-source EPSS Tools</a></li><li><a href="/epss/api">API</a></li><li><a href="/epss/papers">Related Exploit Research</a></li><li><a>Blog</a><ul><li><a href="/epss/articles/prob_percentile_bins">Understanding EPSS Probabilities and Percentiles</a></li><li><a href="/epss/articles/log4shell">Log4Shell Use Case</a></li><li><a href="/epss/articles/estimating_old_cvss">Estimating CVSS v3 Scores for 100,000 Older Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/epss/partners">Data Partners</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/msr/">FIRST Multi-Stakeholder Ransomware SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/hfs/">Human Factors in Security SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ics">Industrial Control Systems SIG (ICS-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/iep">Information Exchange Policy SIG (IEP-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/information-sharing">Information Sharing SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/information-sharing/misp">Malware Information Sharing Platform</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/le">Law Enforcement SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/malware">Malware Analysis SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/malware/ma-framework">Malware Analysis Framework</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/malware/ma-framework/malwaretools">Malware Analysis Tools</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/metrics">Metrics SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/metrics/events">Metrics SIG Webinars</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/netsec/">NETSEC SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/passive-dns">Passive DNS Exchange</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/policy">Policy SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/psirt">PSIRT SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/red-team">Red Team SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cpg">Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ctf">Security Lounge SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/soc/">Security Operations Center SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/tic/">Threat Intel Coalition SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/tic/membership-rules">Membership Requirements and Veto Rules</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/tlp">Traffic Light Protocol (TLP-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/transport">Transportation and Mobility SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/vulnerability-coordination">Vulnerability Coordination</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/vulnerability-coordination/multiparty">Multi-Party Vulnerability Coordination and Disclosure</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/vulnerability-coordination/multiparty/guidelines">Guidelines and Practices for Multi-Party Vulnerability Coordination and Disclosure</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/vrdx">Vulnerability Reporting and Data eXchange SIG (VRDX-SIG)</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/vrdx/vdb-catalog">Vulnerability Database Catalog</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/wof">Women of FIRST</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/governance">Internet Governance</a></li><li><a href="/global/irt-database">IR Database</a></li><li><a href="/global/fellowship">Fellowship Program</a><ul><li><a href="https://portal.first.org/fellowship">Application Form</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/mentorship">Mentorship Program</a></li><li><a href="/hof">IR Hall of Fame</a><ul><li><a href="/hof/inductees">Hall of Fame Inductees</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/victim-notification">Victim Notification</a></li><li><a href="/volunteers/">Volunteers at FIRST</a><ul><li><a href="/volunteers/list">FIRST Volunteers</a></li><li><a href="/volunteers/participation">Volunteer Contribution Record</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new">Previous Activities</a><ul><li><a href="/global/practices">Best Practices Contest</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="sidebar" data-studio="CU52CV1W8g"><div id="c5" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g" class="h3labels"><h3 id="Networking-amp-Trust">Networking & Trust</h3> <video poster="/_/img/banner/first_networking_and_trust-thumb.jpg" preload="auto" style="width:100%;"> <source data-default="true" data-res="LD (240p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-240p.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source> <source data-res="SD (480p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-480p.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source> <source data-res="HD (720p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-720p.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source> <source data-res="HD (1080p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-1080p.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source> <source data-default="true" data-res="LD (240p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-240p.webm" type="video/webm"></source> <source data-res="SD (480p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-480p.webm" type="video/webm"></source> <source data-res="HD (720p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-720p.webm" type="video/webm"></source> <source data-res="HD (1080p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-1080p.webm" type="video/webm"></source> <source data-default="true" data-res="LD (240p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-240p.ogv" type="video/ogv"></source> <source data-res="SD (480p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-480p.ogv" type="video/ogv"></source> <source data-res="HD (720p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-720p.ogv" type="video/ogv"></source> <source data-res="HD (1080p)" src="https://media.first.org/files/first_networking_and_trust-1080p.ogv" type="video/ogv"></source> Video Playback Not Supported </video> <div data-rss="/newsroom/news/global.xml" class="data-rss" data-limit="3"></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer" data-studio="CU52CV1W8g"><div id="c2" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g"><div class="content"> <div class="support"> <div class="kbsearch bottom"> <p><a href="https://support.first.org"><img src="/_/img/icon-portal_support.svg" alt="FIRST Support" title="FIRST Support" /></a> <input class="kb-search" type="search" placeholder="Do you need help?"></p> </div> </div> <div id="socialnetworks"><a href="/about/sdg" title="FIRST Supported Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)" class="icon-sdg"></a><a rel="me" href="https://bsky.app/profile/first.org" target="_blank" title="BlueSky @first.org" class="icon-bluesky"></a><a rel="me" href="https://infosec.exchange/@firstdotorg" target="_blank" title="@FIRSTdotOrg@infosec.exchange" class="icon-mastodon"></a><a href="https://twitter.com/FIRSTdotOrg" target="_blank" title="Twitter @FIRSTdotOrg" class="icon-tw"></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/firstdotorg" target="_blank" title="FIRST.Org at LinkedIn" class="icon-linkedin"></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/FIRSTdotorg" target="_blank" title="FIRST.Org at Facebook" class="icon-fb"></a><a href="https://github.com/FIRSTdotorg" target="_blank" title="FIRST.Org at Github" class="icon-github"></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/FIRSTdotorg" target="_blank" title="FIRST.Org at Youtube" class="icon-youtube"></a><a href="/podcasts" title="FIRST.Org Podcasts" class="icon-podcast"></a></div> <p><a href="/copyright">Copyright</a> © 2015—2025 by Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams, Inc. All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> <p><span class="tlp"></span></p></div></div></footer><script nonce="Q8xXoGWtiUJWAjediCwbIA" async="async" src="/_/web.js?20250311211113"></script><script nonce="Q8xXoGWtiUJWAjediCwbIA" async="async" src="/_/web.js?20250311211113"></script><script nonce="Q8xXoGWtiUJWAjediCwbIA" async="async" src="/_/s.js?20250311-211120"></script></body></html>