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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_restrictions_on_the_right_to_print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_restrictions_on_the_right_to_print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>European restrictions on the right to print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_restrictions_on_the_right_to_print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_indexes_(1529–1571)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_indexes_(1529–1571)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early indexes (1529–1571)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_indexes_(1529–1571)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sacred_Congregation_of_the_Index_(1571–1917)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacred_Congregation_of_the_Index_(1571–1917)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Sacred Congregation of the Index (1571–1917)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sacred_Congregation_of_the_Index_(1571–1917)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_Office_(1917–1966)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Office_(1917–1966)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Holy Office (1917–1966)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Office_(1917–1966)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abolition_(1966)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abolition_(1966)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Abolition (1966)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abolition_(1966)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scope_and_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scope_and_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Scope and impact</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scope_and_impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scope and impact subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scope_and_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Censorship_and_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship_and_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Censorship and enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship_and_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continued_moral_obligation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continued_moral_obligation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Continued moral obligation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continued_moral_obligation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changing_judgments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changing_judgments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Changing judgments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changing_judgments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listed_works_and_authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listed_works_and_authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Listed works and authors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listed_works_and_authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</i></span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9" title="دليل الكتب المحرمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دليل الكتب المحرمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ACm-su_Bo%CC%8Dk-lo%CC%8Dk" title="Kìm-su Bo̍k-lo̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kìm-su Bo̍k-lo̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3" title="Індэкс забароненых кніг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індэкс забароненых кніг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Индекс на забранените книги – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индекс на забранените книги" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeks_zabranjenih_knjiga" title="Indeks zabranjenih knjiga – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Indeks zabranjenih knjiga" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indekso_de_malpermesitaj_libroj" title="Indekso de malpermesitaj libroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Indekso de malpermesitaj libroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87" title="فهرست کتاب‌های ممنوعه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست کتاب‌های ممنوعه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%84%9C_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="금서 목록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금서 목록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE_%D5%A3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Ցանկ արգելված գրքերի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցանկ արգելված գրքերի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE" title="इंदेक्स लिबरोरुम प्रोहिबितोरुम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंदेक्स लिबरोरुम प्रोहिबितोरुम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indice_dei_libri_proibiti" title="Indice dei libri proibiti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Indice dei libri proibiti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רשימת הספרים האסורים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשימת הספרים האסורים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizliegto_gr%C4%81matu_re%C4%A3istrs" title="Aizliegto grāmatu reģistrs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aizliegto grāmatu reģistrs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Индекс на забранетите книги – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индекс на забранетите книги" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87" title="لستة الكتب المحرمه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لستة الكتب المحرمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%9B%B8%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%B2" title="禁書目録 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="禁書目録" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeks_ksi%C4%85g_zakazanych" title="Indeks ksiąg zakazanych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indeks ksiąg zakazanych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Индекс запрещённых книг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индекс запрещённых книг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_zak%C3%A1zan%C3%BDch_kn%C3%ADh" title="Zoznam zakázaných kníh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zoznam zakázaných kníh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Index librorum prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="อินเดกซ์ลิโบรรัมโพรฮิบิโทรัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อินเดกซ์ลิโบรรัมโพรฮิบิโทรัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Індекс заборонених книг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індекс заборонених книг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%9B%B8%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84" title="禁書目錄 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="禁書目錄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22765#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Books prohibited by the Catholic Church (16th–20th centuries)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the bibliographic index. For the fictional character, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_A_Certain_Magical_Index_characters#Index" title="List of A Certain Magical Index characters">List of A Certain Magical Index characters § Index</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1.jpg/220px-Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1.jpg/330px-Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1.jpg/440px-Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption>The master title page of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</i></span> (in Venice, 1564)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Counter-Reformation" title="Category:Counter-Reformation">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Counter-Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Counter-Reformation">Catholic<br /> Counter-Reformation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg/200px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg/300px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg/400px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="640" /></span></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i>Faith, or The Church Triumphant</i> (1665), by <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> Catholic Reformation and Revival</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Councils and documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Decet_Romanum_Pontificem" title="Decet Romanum Pontificem">Decet Romanum Pontificem</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Confutatio_Augustana" title="Confutatio Augustana">Confutatio Augustana</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Regimini_militantis_Ecclesiae" title="Regimini militantis Ecclesiae">Regimini militantis Ecclesiae</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">Roman Catechism</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation#Nova_ordinantia_eclessiastica" title="Counter-Reformation">Nova ordinantia eclessiastica</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Defensio_Tridentin%C3%A6_fidei" title="Defensio Tridentinæ fidei">Defensio Tridentinæ fidei</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Regnans_in_Excelsis" title="Regnans in Excelsis">Regnans in Excelsis</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Ascendente_Domino" title="Ascendente Domino">Ascendente Domino</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Immensa_aeterni_Dei" title="Immensa aeterni Dei">Immensa aeterni Dei</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Unigenitus" title="Unigenitus">Unigenitus</a></i></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Worms" title="Diet of Worms">Diet of Worms</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic League (Germany)">Catholic League</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Interim" title="Augsburg Interim">Augsburg Interim</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/European_Wars_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="European Wars of Religion">European Wars of Religion</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_Rebellions" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalecarlian Rebellions">Dalecarlian Rebellions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War" title="German Peasants' War">German Peasants' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Kappel" title="Wars of Kappel">Wars of Kappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrone%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrone's Rebellion">Tyrone's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Engelbrektsson%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav Engelbrektsson's rebellion">Olav Engelbrektsson's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_of_Grace" title="Pilgrimage of Grace">Pilgrimage of Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigod%27s_rebellion" title="Bigod's rebellion">Bigod's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacke_War" title="Dacke War">Dacke War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_War" title="Schmalkaldic War">Schmalkaldic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Book_Rebellion" title="Prayer Book Rebellion">Prayer Book Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Bishops%27_War" title="Strasbourg Bishops' War">Strasbourg Bishops' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Revolt" title="Bohemian Revolt">Bohemian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohan Wars">Rohan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1689" title="Jacobite rising of 1689">Jacobite rising of 1689</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Spirituality</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternities" class="mw-redirect" title="Confraternities">Confraternities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">Devotionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_school_of_spirituality" title="French school of spirituality">French school of spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatian_spirituality" title="Ignatian spirituality">Ignatian spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_life_(Catholic_theology)" title="Interior life (Catholic theology)">Interior life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_mystics" title="Spanish mystics">Spanish mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_mercy" title="Works of mercy">Works of mercy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><br /><b>Schools</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">Polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Baroque">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Golden Century">Spanish Golden Century</a></li></ul> <p><b>Artists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Barocci" title="Federico Barocci">Federico Barocci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Caravaggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelangelo Caravaggio">Michelangelo Caravaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale Carracci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Carracci" title="Ludovico Carracci">Ludovico Carracci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_Gentileschi" title="Artemisia Gentileschi">Artemisia Gentileschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Kerle" title="Jacobus de Kerle">Jacobus de Kerle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanfranco" title="Giovanni Lanfranco">Giovanni Lanfranco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_di_Lasso" title="Orlando di Lasso">Orlando di Lasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattia_Preti" title="Mattia Preti">Mattia Preti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Pozzo" title="Andrea Pozzo">Andrea Pozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scipione_Pulzone" title="Scipione Pulzone">Scipione Pulzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Reni" title="Guido Reni">Guido Reni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jusepe_de_Ribera" title="Jusepe de Ribera">Jusepe de Ribera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Ruffo" title="Vincenzo Ruffo">Vincenzo Ruffo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_de_la_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges de la Tour">Georges de la Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Vald%C3%A9s_Leal" title="Juan de Valdés Leal">Juan de Valdés Leal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n" title="Francisco de Zurbarán">Francisco de Zurbarán</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><br /><b>People</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li></ul> <p><b>Clergy</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Borromeo" title="Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Calasanz" title="Joseph Calasanz">Joseph Calasanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eck" class="mw-redirect" title="John Eck">John Eck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_P%C3%A1zm%C3%A1ny" title="Péter Pázmány">Péter Pázmány</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci">Matteo Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Francisco Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li></ul> <p><b>Monarchs</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_the_Old_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund the Old of Poland">Sigismund I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund III of Poland">Sigismund III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="William V, Duke of Bavaria">William V</a></li></ul> <p><b>Popes</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_VI" title="Pope Adrian VI">Adrian VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Clement VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_III" title="Pope Pius III">Pius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Paul III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_III" title="Pope Julius III">Julius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_IV" title="Pope Paul IV">Paul IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Gregory XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Inquisition</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excommunicable_offences_from_the_Council_of_Trent" title="List of excommunicable offences from the Council of Trent">Excommunicable offences</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Legend_of_the_Spanish_Inquisition" title="Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition">Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy and education</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collegium_Germanicum_et_Hungaricum" title="Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum">Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University" title="Pontifical Gregorian University">Pontifical Gregorian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_scholasticism" title="Second scholasticism">Second scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Religious orders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_Recollects" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustinian Recollects">Augustinian Recollects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabites" title="Barnabites">Barnabites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Augustinians" title="Discalced Augustinians">Discalced Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelites" title="Discalced Carmelites">Discalced Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_literary_revival" title="Catholic literary revival">Catholic literary revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Nationalism in the Middle Ages">Nationalism in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">Nation-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Counter-Reformation" title="Template:Catholic Counter-Reformation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Catholic_Counter-Reformation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Catholic Counter-Reformation (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Counter-Reformation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Counter-Reformation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</i></span></b> (English: <i><b>Index of Forbidden Books</b></i>) was a changing list of publications deemed <a href="/wiki/Heretical" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretical">heretical</a> or contrary to morality by the Sacred Congregation of the Index (a former <a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicastery</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>); <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> were forbidden to print or read them, subject to the local bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-PFGrendler_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PFGrendler-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholic states could enact laws to adapt or adopt the list and enforce it. </p><p>The <i>Index</i> was active from 1560 to 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hubert168_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubert168-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It banned thousands of book titles and blacklisted publications, including the works of Europe's intellectual elites.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Index</i> condemned religious and secular texts alike, grading works by the degree to which they were deemed to be repugnant, potentially misleading and / or heretical to the Sacred Congregation of the Index (a former <a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">dicastery</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>) at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aim of the list was to protect church members from reading theologically, culturally, or politically disruptive books. At times such books included the works of theologians, such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomers</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Epitome_astronomiae_Copernicanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae">Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae</a></i></span> (published in three volumes from 1618 to 1621), which was on the Index from 1621 to 1835; <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosophers</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini-Serbati" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Rosmini-Serbati">Antonio Rosmini-Serbati</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_Pure_Reason" title="Critique of Pure Reason">Critique of Pure Reason</a></i> (1781); and editions and translations of the Bible that had not been approved. Editions of the <i>Index</i> also contained the rules of the Church relating to the reading, selling, and preemptive censorship of books.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_history">Background and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_restrictions_on_the_right_to_print">European restrictions on the right to print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: European restrictions on the right to print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg/150px-Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg/225px-Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg/300px-Handtiegelpresse_von_1811.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Printing press from 1811, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>The historical context in which the <i>Index</i> appeared involved the early restrictions on printing in Europe. The refinement of <a href="/wiki/Moveable_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Moveable type">moveable type</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a> by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1440</span> changed the nature of book publishing, and the mechanism by which information could be disseminated to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Books, once rare and kept carefully in a small number of libraries, could be mass-produced and widely disseminated. </p><p>In the 16th century, both the churches and governments in most European countries attempted to regulate and control printing because it allowed for the rapid and widespread circulation of ideas and information. The <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> generated large quantities of polemical new writing by and within both the Catholic and Protestant camps, and religious subject matter was typically the area most subject to control. While governments and the church encouraged printing in many ways, which allowed the dissemination of <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bibles</a> and government information, works of dissent and criticism could also circulate rapidly. As a consequence, governments established controls over printers across Europe, requiring them to have official licenses to trade and produce books.<sup id="cite_ref-MacQueen_2007_34_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacQueen_2007_34-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-de_Sola_Pool_1983_14_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_Sola_Pool_1983_14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early versions of prohibition indexes began to appear from 1529 to 1571. In the same time frame, in 1557 the <a href="/wiki/English_crown" class="mw-redirect" title="English crown">English crown</a> aimed to stem the flow of dissent by chartering the <a href="/wiki/Stationers%27_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Stationers' Company">Stationers' Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The right to print was restricted to the two universities (Oxford and Cambridge) and to the 21 existing printers in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">city of London</a>, which had between them 53 <a href="/wiki/Printing_presses" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing presses">printing presses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The French crown also tightly controlled printing, and the printer and writer <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Dolet" title="Étienne Dolet">Étienne Dolet</a> was burned at the stake for atheism in 1546. The 1551 <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Ch%C3%A2teaubriant" title="Edict of Châteaubriant">Edict of Châteaubriant</a> comprehensively summarized censorship positions to date, and included provisions for unpacking and inspecting all books brought into France.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1557 <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Edict of Compiègne">Edict of Compiègne</a> applied the death penalty to heretics and resulted in the burning of a noblewoman at the stake.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Printers were viewed as radical and rebellious, with 800 authors, printers and book dealers being incarcerated in the <a href="/wiki/Bastille" title="Bastille">Bastille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-de_Sola_Pool_1983_15_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_Sola_Pool_1983_15-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At times, the prohibitions of church and state followed each other, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> was placed on the Index in the 1660s and the French government prohibited the teaching of <a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a> in schools in the 1670s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Anne" title="Statute of Anne">Copyright Act 1710</a> in Britain, and later copyright laws in France, eased this situation. Historian Eckhard Höffner claims that copyright laws and their restrictions acted as a barrier to progress in those countries for over a century, since British publishers could print valuable knowledge in limited quantities for the sake of profit. The German economy prospered in the same time frame since there were no restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_indexes_(1529–1571)"><span id="Early_indexes_.281529.E2.80.931571.29"></span>Early indexes (1529–1571)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early indexes (1529–1571)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Index_1557.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Index_1557.jpg/150px-Index_1557.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Index_1557.jpg/225px-Index_1557.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Index_1557.jpg/300px-Index_1557.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="2058" /></a><figcaption>Title page of the first Papal Index, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Auctorum et Librorum</i></span>, published in 1557 and then withdrawn</figcaption></figure> <p>The first list of the kind was not published in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, but in Catholic <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (1529); <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a> (1543) and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (1551) under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Ch%C3%A2teaubriant" title="Edict of Châteaubriant">Edict of Châteaubriant</a> followed this example. By the mid-century, in the tense atmosphere of wars of religion in Germany and France, both Protestant and Catholic authorities reasoned that only control of the press, including a catalogue of prohibited works, coordinated by ecclesiastic and governmental authorities, could prevent the spread of heresy.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitt_1991:45_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitt_1991:45-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul F. Grendler (1975) discusses the religious and political climate in Venice from 1540 to 1605. There were many attempts to censor the Venetian press, which at that time was one of the largest concentrations of printers. Both church and government held to a belief in censorship, but the publishers continually pushed back on the efforts to ban books and shut down printing. More than once the index of banned books in Venice was suppressed or suspended because various people took a stand against it.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Roman <i>Index</i> was printed in 1557 under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_IV" title="Pope Paul IV">Pope Paul IV</a> (1555–1559), but then withdrawn for unclear reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_70_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_70-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1559, a new index was finally published, banning the entire works of some 550 authors in addition to the individual proscribed titles:<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_70_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_70-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The Pauline Index felt that the religious convictions of an author contaminated all his writing."<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitt_1991:45_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitt_1991:45-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work of the censors was considered too severe and met with much opposition even in Catholic intellectual circles; after the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> had authorised a revised list prepared under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a>, the so-called <i>Tridentine Index</i> was promulgated in 1564; it remained the basis of all later lists until <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a>, in 1897, published his <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Leonianus</i></span>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">blacklisting</a> of some Protestant scholars even when writing on subjects a modern reader would consider outside the realm of <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogma</a> meant that, unless they obtained a <a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispensation (Catholic Church)">dispensation</a>, obedient Catholic thinkers were denied access to works including: botanist <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Gesner" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad Gesner">Conrad Gesner</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Historiae_animalium_(Gesner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiae animalium (Gesner)">Historiae animalium</a></i></span>; the botanical works of <a href="/wiki/Otto_Brunfels" title="Otto Brunfels">Otto Brunfels</a>; those of the medical scholar <a href="/wiki/Janus_Cornarius" title="Janus Cornarius">Janus Cornarius</a>; to <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Hegendorff" title="Christoph Hegendorff">Christoph Hegendorff</a> or <a href="/wiki/Johann_Oldendorp" title="Johann Oldendorp">Johann Oldendorp</a> on the theory of law; Protestant geographers and cosmographers like <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Ziegler" title="Jacob Ziegler">Jacob Ziegler</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_M%C3%BCnster" title="Sebastian Münster">Sebastian Münster</a>; as well as anything by Protestant theologians like <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Melanchthon">Philipp Melanchthon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the inclusions was the <a href="/wiki/Libri_Carolini" title="Libri Carolini">Libri Carolini</a>, a theological work from the 9th-century court of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, which was published in 1549 by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Jean_du_Tillet_(bishop)" title="Jean du Tillet (bishop)">Jean du Tillet</a> and which had already been on two other lists of prohibited books before being inserted into the Tridentine Index.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sacred_Congregation_of_the_Index_(1571–1917)"><span id="Sacred_Congregation_of_the_Index_.281571.E2.80.931917.29"></span>Sacred Congregation of the Index (1571–1917)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sacred Congregation of the Index (1571–1917)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vCard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Curia" title="Category:Roman Curia">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <br /><small>of the</small> <br /><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/113px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="918" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States" title="Section for Relations with States">Section for Relations with States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Dicasteries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Evangelization" title="Dicastery for Evangelization">Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Doctrine of the Faith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_the_Protection_of_Minors" title="Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors">Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Theological_Commission" title="International Theological Commission">International Theological Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Biblical_Commission" title="Pontifical Biblical Commission">Pontifical Biblical Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Service_of_Charity" title="Dicastery for the Service of Charity">Service of Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Dicastery for the Eastern Churches">Eastern Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Bishops" title="Dicastery for Bishops">Bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Latin_America" title="Pontifical Commission for Latin America">Pontifical Commission for Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Clergy" title="Dicastery for the Clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" title="Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Laity,_Family_and_Life" title="Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life">Laity, Family and Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity" title="Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity">Promoting Christian Unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Religious_Relations_with_the_Jews" title="Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews">Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Interreligious_Dialogue" title="Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue">Interreligious Dialogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Religious_Relations_with_Muslims" title="Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims">Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Culture and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Integral_Human_Development" title="Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development">Promoting Integral Human Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Legislative_Texts" title="Dicastery for Legislative Texts">Legislative Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Communication" title="Dicastery for Communication">Communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Press">Vatican Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Office_of_the_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Office of the Holy See">Press Office of the Holy See</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Institutions of justice</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Institutions of finance</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for the Economy">Council for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Patrimony_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See">Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li>Office of the Auditor General</li> <li>Commission for Confidential Matters</li> <li>Committee for Investments</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Offices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Papal_Household" title="Prefecture of the Papal Household">Prefecture of the Papal Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Liturgical_Celebrations_of_the_Supreme_Pontiff" title="Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff">Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Institutes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Office_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Labour Office of the Apostolic See">Labour Office of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Apostolic Archives">Vatican Apostolic Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Apostolic Library">Vatican Apostolic Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabric_of_Saint_Peter" title="Fabric of Saint Peter">Fabric of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Sacred_Archaeology" title="Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology">Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology</a></li> <li>Pontifical academies</li> <li>AVEPRO</li> <li>Supervisory and Financial Information Authority</li> <li>Domus Vaticanae</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Interdicasterial commissions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----"> <ul><li>Particular Churches</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interdicasterial_Commission_for_Church_in_Eastern_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interdicasterial Commission for Church in Eastern Europe (page does not exist)">Church in Eastern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdicasterial_Commission_for_Consecrated_Religious" title="Interdicasterial Commission for Consecrated Religious">Consecrated Religious</a></li> <li>Candidates to Sacred Order</li> <li>Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Commissions and committees</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Committee_for_International_Eucharistic_Congresses" title="Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses">International Eucharistic Congresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Committee_for_Historical_Sciences" title="Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences">Historical Sciences</a></li> <li>Advocates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Swiss_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Swiss Guard">Swiss Guards</a></li> <li>Disciplinary</li> <li>Financial Security</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Works_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Works of Religion">Institute for Works of Religion</a></li> <li>Healthcare Sector</li> <li>Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Immensa_Aeterni_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Immensa Aeterni Dei">Immensa Aeterni Dei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienti_Consilio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapienti Consilio">Reform by Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI%27s_reform_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="Pope Paul VI's reform of the Roman Curia">Reform by Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor_bonus" title="Pastor bonus">Reform by John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Reform by Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a></li></ul> <p><br /> Former <a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">dicasteries</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Bishops_and_Regulars" title="Congregation of Bishops and Regulars">Congregation of Bishops and Regulars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Borders" title="Congregation for Borders">Congregation for Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Ceremonies" title="Congregation of Ceremonies">Congregation of Ceremonies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sacred_Congregation_of_the_Index">Sacred Congregation of the Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Indulgences_and_Sacred_Relics" title="Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics">Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Vatican_Press" title="Congregation of the Vatican Press">Congregation of the Vatican Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacra_Consulta" title="Sacra Consulta">Sacred Congregation of the <i>Consulta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Congregation_of_Rites" title="Sacred Congregation of Rites">Sacred Congregation of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Chancery" title="Apostolic Chancery">Apostolic Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Dataria" title="Apostolic Dataria">Apostolic Dataria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariate_of_Briefs_to_Princes_and_of_Latin_Letters" title="Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters">Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Administration_of_the_Holy_See" title="Special Administration of the Holy See">Special Administration of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_the_Cultural_Heritage_of_the_Church" title="Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church">Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Social_Communications" title="Pontifical Council for Social Communications">Pontifical Council for Social Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Family" title="Pontifical Council for the Family">Pontifical Council for the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity" title="Pontifical Council for the Laity">Pontifical Council for the Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_Cor_Unum" title="Pontifical Council Cor Unum"><i>Cor Unum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Justice_and_Peace" title="Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace">Justice and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Pastoral_Care_of_Migrants_and_Itinerant_People" title="Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People">Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Pastoral_Care_of_Health_Care_Workers" title="Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers">Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples" title="Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples">Evangelization of Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_the_New_Evangelization" title="Pontifical Council for Promoting the New Evangelization">Promoting the New Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Catholic_Education" title="Congregation for Catholic Education">Catholic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Culture" title="Pontifical Council for Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;display:none; ----;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Pontifical commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicastery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocates_of_Roman_congregations" title="Advocates of Roman congregations">Advocates of Roman congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive_of_the_Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_Curia_sidebar" title="Template:Roman Curia sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_Curia_sidebar" title="Template talk:Roman Curia sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_Curia_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman Curia sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1711.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1711.jpg/220px-Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1711.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1711.jpg/330px-Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1711.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1711.jpg/440px-Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum_1711.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2194" data-file-height="2419" /></a><figcaption>Title page of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</i></span> (1711)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1571, a special <a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">congregation</a> was created, the <b>Sacred Congregation of the Index</b>, which had the specific task to investigate those writings that were denounced in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> as being not exempt of errors, to update the list of Pope Pius IV regularly and also to make lists of required corrections in case a writing was not to be condemned absolutely but only in need of correction; it was then listed with a mitigating clause (e.g., <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">donec corrigatur</i></span> ('forbidden until corrected') or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">donec expurgetur</i></span> ('forbidden until purged')).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Several times a year, the congregation held meetings. During the meetings, they reviewed various works and documented those discussions. In between the meetings was when the works to be discussed were thoroughly examined, and each work was scrutinized by two people. At the meetings, they collectively decided whether or not the works should be included in the Index. Ultimately, the pope was the one who had to approve of works being added or removed from the Index. It was the documentation from the meetings of the congregation that aided the pope in making his decision.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg/220px-Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg/330px-Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg/440px-Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> being condemned in 1633</figcaption></figure> <p>This sometimes resulted in very long lists of corrections, published in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Expurgatorius</i></span>, which was cited by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_James" title="Thomas James">Thomas James</a> in 1627 as "an invaluable reference work to be used by the curators of the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> when listing those works particularly worthy of collecting".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prohibitions made by other congregations (mostly the Holy Office) were simply passed on to the Congregation of the Index, where the final <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decrees</a> were drafted and made public, after approval of the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> (who always had the option to condemn an author personally—there are only a few examples of such condemnation, including those of <a href="/wiki/Lamennais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamennais">Lamennais</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Hermes" class="mw-redirect" title="George Hermes">Hermes</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>An update to the Index was made by Pope <a href="/wiki/Leo_XIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo XIII">Leo XIII</a>, in the 1897 apostolic constitution <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Officiorum_ac_Munerum" title="Officiorum ac Munerum">Officiorum ac Munerum</a></i></span>, known as the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Leonianus</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent editions of the Index were more sophisticated; they graded authors according to their supposed degree of toxicity, and they marked specific passages for expurgation rather than condemning entire books.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Congregation_of_the_Inquisition" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Congregation of the Inquisition">Sacred Congregation of the Inquisition</a> of the Roman Catholic Church later became the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Office">Holy Office</a>, and since 1965 has been called the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a>. The Congregation of the Index was merged with the Holy Office in 1917, by the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> Alloquentes Proxime</i></span> of Pope Benedict XV; the rules on the reading of books were again re-elaborated in the new <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Codex Iuris Canonici</i></span>. From 1917 onward, the Holy Office (again) took care of the Index.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mein_Kampf_dust_jacket.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mein_Kampf_dust_jacket.jpeg/130px-Mein_Kampf_dust_jacket.jpeg" decoding="async" width="130" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mein_Kampf_dust_jacket.jpeg/195px-Mein_Kampf_dust_jacket.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mein_Kampf_dust_jacket.jpeg/260px-Mein_Kampf_dust_jacket.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Although Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg's book <i><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="Myth of the Twentieth Century">Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></i> was placed on the Index, Adolf Hitler's book <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i></span> was not.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericMag_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericMag-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_Office_(1917–1966)"><span id="Holy_Office_.281917.E2.80.931966.29"></span>Holy Office (1917–1966)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Holy Office (1917–1966)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></div> <p>While individual books continued to be forbidden, the last edition of the Index to be published appeared in 1948. This 20th edition<sup id="cite_ref-EB_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contained 4,000 titles censored for various reasons: <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>, moral deficiency, <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">sexual</a> explicitness, and so on. That some <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheists</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Schopenhauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nietzsche" class="mw-redirect" title="Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>, were not included was due to the general (<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Tridentine</a>) rule that <a href="/wiki/Heretical" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretical">heretical</a> works (i.e., works that contradict Catholic dogma) are <i><a href="/wiki/Ipso_facto" title="Ipso facto">ipso facto</a></i> forbidden. Some important works are absent simply because nobody bothered to denounce them.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many actions of the congregations were of a definite <a href="/wiki/Political" class="mw-redirect" title="Political">political</a> content.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the denounced works of the period was the Nazi philosopher <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="Myth of the Twentieth Century">Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></i> for scorning and rejecting "all dogmas of the Catholic Church, and the fundamentals of the Christian religion".<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Bonney_pp._122_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Bonney_pp._122-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markedly absent from the Index was Adolf Hitler's book <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i></span>. After gaining access to the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Secret_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Secret Archives">Vatican Apostolic Archive</a> church historian <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Wolf" title="Hubert Wolf">Hubert Wolf</a> discovered that <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mein Kampf</i></span> had been studied for three years but the Holy Office decided that it should not go on the Index because the author was a head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericMag_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericMag-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Holy Office justified that decision by referring to chapter 13 of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a> regarding state authority coming from God.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericMag_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericMag-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, somewhat later, the Vatican criticized <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mein Kampf</i></span> in the encyclical <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Mit_Brennender_Sorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Mit Brennender Sorge">Mit Brennender Sorge</a></i></span> (March 1937) about the challenges of the church in Nazi Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericMag_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericMag-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abolition_(1966)"><span id="Abolition_.281966.29"></span>Abolition (1966)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Abolition (1966)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 December 1965, Pope Paul VI issued the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio <a href="/wiki/Integrae_servandae" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrae servandae">Integrae servandae</a></i></span> that reorganized the Holy Office as the <i>Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Index was not listed as being a part of the newly constituted congregation's competence, leading to questioning whether it still was. This question was put to Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Ottaviani" title="Alfredo Ottaviani">Alfredo Ottaviani</a>, pro-prefect of the congregation, who responded in the negative.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cardinal also indicated in his response that there was going to be a change in the Index soon. </p><p>A June 1966 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith <a href="/wiki/Notification_(Holy_See)" title="Notification (Holy See)">notification</a> announced that, while the <i>Index</i> maintained its moral force, in that it taught Christians to beware, as required by the natural law itself, of those writings that could endanger faith and morality, it no longer had the force of <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_positive_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical positive law">ecclesiastical positive law</a> with the associated penalties.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">canon law</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> still recommends that works should be submitted to the judgment of the local <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary (Catholic Church)">ordinary</a> (typically, the bishop) if they concern sacred <a href="/wiki/Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripture">scripture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">theology</a>, canon law, or <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">church history</a>, religion or morals.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(church_officer)" title="Ordinary (church officer)">ordinary</a> consults someone whom he considers competent to give a judgment and, if that person gives the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Nihil_obstat" title="Nihil obstat">nihil obstat</a></i></span> ('nothing forbids'), the local ordinary grants the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">imprimatur</a></i></span> ('let it be printed').<sup id="cite_ref-auto_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of religious institutes require the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Imprimi_potest" title="Imprimi potest">imprimi potest</a></i></span> ('it can be printed') of their major superior to publish books on matters of religion or morals.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scope_and_impact">Scope and impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Scope and impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titelkupfer_Index_librorum_prohibitorum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Titelkupfer_Index_librorum_prohibitorum.jpg/220px-Titelkupfer_Index_librorum_prohibitorum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Titelkupfer_Index_librorum_prohibitorum.jpg/330px-Titelkupfer_Index_librorum_prohibitorum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Titelkupfer_Index_librorum_prohibitorum.jpg/440px-Titelkupfer_Index_librorum_prohibitorum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1975" /></a><figcaption>This 1711 illustration for the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</i></span> depicts the Holy Ghost supplying the book-burning fire.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Censorship_and_enforcement">Censorship and enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Censorship and enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Index</i> was not simply a reactive work. Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">authors</a> had the opportunity to defend their writings and could prepare a new edition with necessary corrections or deletions, either to avoid or to limit a <a href="/wiki/Ban_(law)" title="Ban (law)">ban</a>. Pre-publication censorship was encouraged.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <i>Index</i> was enforceable within the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, but elsewhere only if adopted by the civil powers, as happened in several Italian states.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other areas adopted their own lists of forbidden books. In the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, book censorship, which preceded the publication of the <i>Index</i>, came under the control of the Jesuits at the end of the 16th century, but had little effect, since the German princes within the empire set up their own systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Febvre_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Febvre-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In France it was French officials who decided what books were banned<sup id="cite_ref-Febvre_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Febvre-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Church's <i>Index</i> was not recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain had its own <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Index Librorum Prohibitorum et Expurgatorum</i></span>, which corresponded largely to the Church's,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also included a list of books that were allowed once the forbidden part (sometimes a single sentence) was removed or "expurgated".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continued_moral_obligation">Continued moral obligation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Continued moral obligation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 June 1966, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith responded to inquiries it had received regarding the continued moral obligation concerning books that had been listed in the Index. The response spoke of the books as examples of books dangerous to faith and morals, all of which, not just those once included in the Index, should be avoided regardless of the absence of any written law against them. The Index, it said, retains its moral force "inasmuch as" (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quatenus</i></span>) it teaches the conscience of Christians to beware, as required by the natural law itself, of writings that can endanger faith and morals, but it (the Index of Forbidden Books) no longer has the force of ecclesiastical law with the associated censures.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The congregation thus placed on the conscience of the individual Christian the responsibility to avoid all writings dangerous to faith and morals, while at the same time abolishing the previously existing ecclesiastical law and the relative censures,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without thereby declaring that the books that had once been listed in the various editions of the Index of Prohibited Books had become free of error and danger. </p><p>In a letter of 31 January 1985 to Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Siri" title="Giuseppe Siri">Giuseppe Siri</a>, regarding the book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Poem_of_the_Man-God" title="The Poem of the Man-God">The Poem of the Man-God</a></i>, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (then Prefect of the Congregation, who later became <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>), referred to the 1966 notification of the Congregation as follows: "After the dissolution of the Index, when some people thought the printing and distribution of the work was permitted, people were reminded again in <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></span> (15 June 1966) that, as was published in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></span> (1966), the Index retains its moral force despite its dissolution. A decision against distributing and recommending a work, which has not been condemned lightly, may be reversed, but only after profound changes that neutralize the harm which such a publication could bring forth among the ordinary faithful."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changing_judgments">Changing judgments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Changing judgments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The content of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum saw deletions as well as additions over the centuries. Writings by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini-Serbati" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Rosmini-Serbati">Antonio Rosmini-Serbati</a> were placed on the Index in 1849 but were removed by 1855, and <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> mentioned Rosmini's work as a significant example of "a process of philosophical enquiry which was enriched by engaging the data of faith".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1758 edition of the Index removed the general prohibition of works advocating <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism" title="Heliocentrism">heliocentrism</a> as a fact rather than a hypothesis.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the scientific theories contained in works in early editions of the <i>Index</i> have long been taught at <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Universities">Catholic universities</a>. For example, the general prohibition of books advocating <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism" title="Heliocentrism">heliocentrism</a> was removed from the <i>Index</i> in 1758, but two <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> mathematicians had published an edition of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica" title="Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica">Principia Mathematica</a></i></span> (1687) in 1742, with commentaries and a preface stating that the work assumed heliocentrism and could not be explained without it.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Listed_works_and_authors">Listed works and authors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Listed works and authors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_authors_and_works_on_the_Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum">List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/180px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/270px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/360px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> went on the <i>Index</i> in 1663.</figcaption></figure> <p>Noteworthy figures on the Index include <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Nicolas Malebranche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Michel de Montaigne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Nikos Kazantzakis">Nikos Kazantzakis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg">Emanuel Swedenborg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiderius Erasmus">Desiderius Erasmus</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This looks like a confusion with Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), who is on the Index. (Google Books search of Bujanda's book shows Erasmus Darwin, and one Erasmus Ungepauer (1582–1659) of Nuremburg, but no other Erasmus.) Erasmus was a careful writer and a prominent defender of Catholic orthodoxy, unlikely to have published heresy. If Erasmus was on the list but later removed, that would be worthy of separate note, perhaps in the section above on Changing judgments, or on the linked list of authors under "Reversals and non-inclusions". (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne" title="Thomas Browne">Thomas Browne</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Nicolaus Copernicus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Niccolò Machiavelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a>. The first woman to be placed on the list was <a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Heymair" title="Magdalena Heymair">Magdalena Haymairus</a> in 1569, who was listed for her children's book <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die sontegliche Episteln über das gantze Jar in gesangsweis gestellt</i></span> (<i>Sunday Epistles on the whole Year, put into hymns</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Stead_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stead-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gifford_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gifford-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Index_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Index-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bujanda_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bujanda-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other women include <a href="/wiki/Anne_Askew" title="Anne Askew">Anne Askew</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Putnam_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putnam-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Olympia_Fulvia_Morata" title="Olympia Fulvia Morata">Olympia Fulvia Morata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ursula_of_Munsterberg" title="Ursula of Munsterberg">Ursula of Munsterberg</a> (1491–1534), <a href="/wiki/Veronica_Franco" title="Veronica Franco">Veronica Franco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paola_Antonia_Negri" title="Paola Antonia Negri">Paola Antonia Negri</a> (1508–1555).<sup id="cite_ref-Hilgers_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hilgers-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrary to a popular misconception, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s works were never included.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many cases, an author's <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">opera omnia</i></span> (complete works) were forbidden. However, the Index stated that the prohibition of someone's <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">opera omnia</i></span> did not preclude works that were not concerned with religion and were not forbidden by the general rules of the Index. This explanation was omitted in the 1929 edition, which was officially interpreted in 1940 as meaning that <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">opera omnia</i></span> covered all the author's works without exception.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardinal Ottaviani stated in April 1966 that there was too much contemporary literature and the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith could not keep up with it.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archive_of_the_Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Book censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Repudiated_Books" title="Index of Repudiated Books">Index of Repudiated Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_inquisition" title="Literary inquisition">Literary inquisition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They included everything by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Aretino" title="Pietro Aretino">Pietro Aretino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machiavelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabelais" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabelais">Rabelais</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitt_1991:45_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitt_1991:45-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These authors are instanced by Schmitt 1991.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PFGrendler-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PFGrendler_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jJnyxg3xxTEC&q=The+Cambridge+History+of+Renaissance+Philosophy%2C+Charles+B.+Schmitt%2C">Grendler, Paul F. "Printing and censorship" in <i>The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy</i></a>, Charles B. Schmitt, ed. (<a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1988, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52139748-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52139748-3">978-0-52139748-3</a>) pp. 45–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 20th and final edition of the <i>Index</i> appeared in 1948; the <i>Index</i> was formally abolished on 14 June 1966 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19660614_de-indicis-libr-prohib_en.html">"Notification regarding the abolition of the Index of books"</a>. 14 June 1966.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notification+regarding+the+abolition+of+the+Index+of+books&rft.date=1966-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fcfaith%2Fdocuments%2Frc_con_cfaith_doc_19660614_de-indicis-libr-prohib_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubert168-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hubert168_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdriányiDolanJedin1981" class="citation book cs1">Adriányi, Gabriel; Dolan, John; Jedin, Hubert (1981). <i>The Church in the Modern Age</i>. History of the Church. Vol. 10. New York: Crossroad. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8245-0013-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8245-0013-9"><bdi>978-0-8245-0013-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Church+in+the+Modern+Age&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=History+of+the+Church&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Crossroad&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-8245-0013-9&rft.aulast=Adri%C3%A1nyi&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.au=Dolan%2C+John&rft.au=Jedin%2C+Hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKusukawa1999" class="citation web cs1">Kusukawa, Sachiko (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/galbooks.html">"Galileo and Books"</a>. <i>Starry Messenger</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Starry+Messenger&rft.atitle=Galileo+and+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Kusukawa&rft.aufirst=Sachiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hps.cam.ac.uk%2Fstarry%2Fgalbooks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLenard2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lenard, Max (2006). "On the origin, development and demise of the <i>Index librorum prohibitorum</i>". <i>Journal of Access Services</i>. <b>3</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">51–</span>63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1300%2FJ204v03n04_05">10.1300/J204v03n04_05</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144325885">144325885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Access+Services&rft.atitle=On+the+origin%2C+development+and+demise+of+the+Index+librorum+prohibitorum&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1300%2FJ204v03n04_05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144325885%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lenard&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnastaplo" class="citation web cs1">Anastaplo, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/censorship">"Censorship"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Censorship&rft.aulast=Anastaplo&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fcensorship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilgers1908" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hilgers, Joseph (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03519d.htm">"Censorship of Books"</a>. <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 3. Robert Appleton Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Censorship+of+Books&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Hilgers&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F03519d.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2011" class="citation book cs1">Lyons, Martyns (2011). <i>A Living History</i>. Los Angeles. pp. Chapter 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Living+History&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pages=Chapter+2&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Martyns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiannini" class="citation web cs1">Giannini, Massimo Carlo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unigre.it/en/la-gregoriana/58/robert-bellarmine-jesuit-intellectual-saint/">"Robert Bellarmine: Jesuit, Intellectual, Saint"</a>. <i>Pontifical Gregorian University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pontifical+Gregorian+University&rft.atitle=Robert+Bellarmine%3A+Jesuit%2C+Intellectual%2C+Saint&rft.aulast=Giannini&rft.aufirst=Massimo+Carlo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unigre.it%2Fen%2Fla-gregoriana%2F58%2Frobert-bellarmine-jesuit-intellectual-saint%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/11037/cardinal-saraiva-calls-new-blessed-antonio-rosmini-giant-of-the-culture">"Cardinal Saraiva calls new blessed Antonio Rosmini "giant of the culture"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Cardinal+Saraiva+calls+new+blessed+Antonio+Rosmini+%22giant+of+the+culture%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F11037%2Fcardinal-saraiva-calls-new-blessed-antonio-rosmini-giant-of-the-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Index Librorum Prohibitorum</i>, 1559, Regula Quarta ("Rule 4")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLuhan, Marshall (1962), The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (1st ed.), University of Toronto Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6041-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6041-9">978-0-8020-6041-9</a> p. 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacQueen_2007_34-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacQueen_2007_34_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacQueenWaeldeLaurie2007" class="citation book cs1">MacQueen, Hector L.; Waelde, Charlotte; Laurie, Graeme T. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Iwcn4pT0OoC&q=contemporary+intellectual+property"><i>Contemporary Intellectual Property: Law and Policy</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926339-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926339-4"><bdi>978-0-19-926339-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Intellectual+Property%3A+Law+and+Policy&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926339-4&rft.aulast=MacQueen&rft.aufirst=Hector+L.&rft.au=Waelde%2C+Charlotte&rft.au=Laurie%2C+Graeme+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Iwcn4pT0OoC%26q%3Dcontemporary%2Bintellectual%2Bproperty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-de_Sola_Pool_1983_14-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-de_Sola_Pool_1983_14_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Sola_Pool1983" class="citation book cs1">de Sola Pool, Ithiel (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/technologiesoffr00ithi/page/14"><i>Technologies of freedom</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/technologiesoffr00ithi/page/14">14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-87233-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-87233-2"><bdi>978-0-674-87233-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technologies+of+freedom&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-674-87233-2&rft.aulast=de+Sola+Pool&rft.aufirst=Ithiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftechnologiesoffr00ithi%2Fpage%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shakespearedocumented.folger.edu/worshipful-company-stationers-and-newspaper-makers">"The Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers"</a>. <i>Shakespeare Documented</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shakespeare+Documented&rft.atitle=The+Worshipful+Company+of+Stationers+and+Newspaper+Makers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshakespearedocumented.folger.edu%2Fworshipful-company-stationers-and-newspaper-makers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A companion to Descartes</i> by Janet Broughton, John Peter Carriero 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-2154-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-2154-8">1-4051-2154-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Rabelais encyclopedia</i> by Elizabeth A. Chesney 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-31034-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-31034-3">0-313-31034-3</a> pp. 31–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The printing press as an agent of change</i> by Elizabeth L. Eisenstein 1980 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-29955-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-29955-1">0-521-29955-1</a> page 328</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Jean Knecht, <i>The Rise and Fall of Renaissance France: 1483–1610</i> 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-22729-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-22729-6">0-631-22729-6</a> p. 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-de_Sola_Pool_1983_15-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-de_Sola_Pool_1983_15_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Sola_Pool1983" class="citation book cs1">de Sola Pool, Ithiel (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/technologiesoffr00ithi/page/15"><i>Technologies of freedom</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/technologiesoffr00ithi/page/15">15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-87233-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-87233-2"><bdi>978-0-674-87233-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technologies+of+freedom&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-674-87233-2&rft.aulast=de+Sola+Pool&rft.aufirst=Ithiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftechnologiesoffr00ithi%2Fpage%2F15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThadeusz2010" class="citation news cs1">Thadeusz, Frank (18 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/no-copyright-law-the-real-reason-for-germany-s-industrial-expansion-a-710976.html">"No Copyright Law: The Real Reason for Germany's Industrial Expansion?"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i> – via Spiegel Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=No+Copyright+Law%3A+The+Real+Reason+for+Germany%27s+Industrial+Expansion%3F&rft.date=2010-08-18&rft.aulast=Thadeusz&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fzeitgeist%2Fno-copyright-law-the-real-reason-for-germany-s-industrial-expansion-a-710976.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Geschichte und Wesen des Urheberrechts</i> (History and nature of copyright) by Eckhard Höffner, 2010 (in German) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-930893-16-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-930893-16-9">3-930893-16-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmitt_1991:45-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitt_1991:45_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitt_1991:45_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitt_1991:45_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmitt 1991:45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrendler1975" class="citation journal cs1">Grendler, Paul F. (1975). "The Roman Inquisition and the Venetian Press". <i>The Journal of Modern History</i>. <b>47</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">48–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F241292">10.1086/241292</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1878921">1878921</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151934209">151934209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=The+Roman+Inquisition+and+the+Venetian+Press&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151934209%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1878921%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F241292&rft.aulast=Grendler&rft.aufirst=Paul+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_70-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_70_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_70_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1907" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Horatio F. (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924092741192/page/n79/mode/2up"><i>Studies in the History of Venice (Vol. 2)</i></a>. New York, E.P. Dutton and company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+History+of+Venice+%28Vol.+2%29&rft.pub=New+York%2C+E.P.+Dutton+and+company&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Horatio+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924092741192%2Fpage%2Fn79%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7rjenNXferEC&pg=PA90">Paul Oskar Kristeller (editor), <i>Itinerarium Italicum</i></a> (Brill 1975 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-0404259-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-0404259-9">978-90-0404259-9</a>), p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeneghan2005" class="citation journal cs1">Heneghan, Thomas (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726125102/http://americamagazine.org/issue/517/article/secrets-behindthe-forbidden-books">"Secrets Behind The Forbidden Books"</a>. <i>America</i>. <b>192</b> (4). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americamagazine.org/issue/517/article/secrets-behindthe-forbidden-books">the original</a> on 26 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=America&rft.atitle=Secrets+Behind+The+Forbidden+Books&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Heneghan&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericamagazine.org%2Fissue%2F517%2Farticle%2Fsecrets-behindthe-forbidden-books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenKarolides2005" class="citation cs2">Green, Jonathan; Karolides, Nicholas J. (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bunHURgi7FcC&pg=PA257"><i>Encyclopedia on Censorship</i></a>, Facts on File, Inc, p. 257, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438110011" title="Special:BookSources/9781438110011"><bdi>9781438110011</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+on+Censorship&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Inc&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781438110011&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Karolides%2C+Nicholas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbunHURgi7FcC%26pg%3DPA257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03519d.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Censorship of Books"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Censorship+of+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F03519d.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyons, Martyn. (2011). Books: A Living History. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-083-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-083-4">978-1-60606-083-4</a>, p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmericMag-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AmericMag_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AmericMag_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AmericMag_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AmericMag_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Heneghan "Secrets Behind The Forbidden Books" <a href="/wiki/America_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="America Magazine">America Magazine</a> Feb 7, 2005 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/issue/517/article/secrets-behind-forbidden-books">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Index-Librorum-Prohibitorum">"Index Librorum Prohibitorum | Roman Catholicism"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Index+Librorum+Prohibitorum+%26%23124%3B+Roman+Catholicism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FIndex-Librorum-Prohibitorum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The works appearing on the Index are only those that ecclesiastical authority was asked to act upon" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285220/Index-Librorum-Prohibitorum">Encyclopædia Britannica: Index Librorum Prohibitorum).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The entanglement of Church and state power in many cases led to overtly political titles being placed on the Index, titles which had little to do with immorality or attacks on the Catholic faith. For example, a history of Bohemia, the Rervm Bohemica Antiqvi Scriptores Aliqvot<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] by Marqvardi Freheri (published in 1602), was placed on the Index not for attacking the Church, but rather because it advocated the independence of Bohemia from the (Catholic) Austro-Hungarian Empire. Likewise, The Prince by Machiavelli was placed in the Index in 1559 after it was blamed for widespread political corruption in France (Curry, 1999, p. 5)" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unc.edu/~dusto/dusto_prague_paper.pdf">David Dusto, <i>Index Librorum Prohibitorum: The History, Philosophy, and Impact of the Index of Prohibited Books</i>).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020043824/http://www.unc.edu/~dusto/dusto_prague_paper.pdf">Archived</a> 20 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard_Bonney_pp._122-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richard_Bonney_pp._122_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Bonney; <i>Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity: the Kulturkampf Newsletters, 1936–1939</i>; International Academic Publishers; Bern; 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-904-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-904-2">978-3-03911-904-2</a>; p. 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_VI,_Pope1965" class="citation web cs1">Paul VI, Pope (7 December 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19651207_integrae-servandae.html">"Integrae servandae"</a>. <i>vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=Integrae+servandae&rft.date=1965-12-07&rft.au=Paul+VI%2C+Pope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fpaul-vi%2Fen%2Fmotu_proprio%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19651207_integrae-servandae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>L'Osservatore della Domenica</i>, 24 April 1966, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith1966" class="citation web cs1">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (14 June 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19660614_de-indicis-libr-prohib_en.html">"Notification regarding the abolition of the Index of books"</a>. <i>vatican.va</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307041622/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19660614_de-indicis-libr-prohib_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=Notification+regarding+the+abolition+of+the+Index+of+books&rft.date=1966-06-14&rft.au=Congregation+for+the+Doctrine+of+the+Faith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fcfaith%2Fdocuments%2Frc_con_cfaith_doc_19660614_de-indicis-libr-prohib_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P2P.HTM">"Code of Canon Law: text - IntraText CT"</a>. <i>www.intratext.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.intratext.com&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%3A+text+-+IntraText+CT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intratext.com%2FIXT%2FENG0017%2F_P2P.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rl96-_JKQvkC&pg=PA236">Stephen G. Burnett, <i>Christian Hebraism in the Reformation Era</i></a> (Brill 2012 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-00422248-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-00422248-9">978-9-00422248-9</a>), p. 236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Febvre-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Febvre_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Febvre_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9opxcMjv4TUC&pg=PA245">Lucien Febvre, Henri Jean Martin, <i>The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450–1800</i></a> (Verso 1976 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85984108-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85984108-2">978-1-85984108-2</a>), pp. 245–246</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W7ZKc_okFDkC&pg=PA11">John Michael Lewis, <i>Galileo in France</i></a> (Peter Lang, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-82045768-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-82045768-0">978-0-82045768-0</a>), p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jJnyxg3xxTEC&pg=PA48">C. B. Schmitt, Quentin Skinner, Eckhard Kessler, <i>Renaissance Philosophy</i></a> (Cambridge University Press, 1988 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52139748-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52139748-3">978-0-52139748-3</a>), p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HKcrSTBD0W8C">"Index librorum prohibitorum et expurgatorum"</a>. apud Ludouicum Sanchez. 17 October 1612 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Index+librorum+prohibitorum+et+expurgatorum&rft.pub=apud+Ludouicum+Sanchez&rft.date=1612-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHKcrSTBD0W8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Haec S. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei, facto verbo cum Beatissimo Patre, nuntiat Indicem suum vigorem moralem servare, quatenus Christifidelium conscientiam docet, ut ab illis scriptis, ipso iure naturali exigente, caveant, quae fidem ac bonos mores in discrimen adducere possint; eundem tamen non-amplius vim legis ecclesiasticae habere cum adiectis censuris" (<i>Acta Apostolicae Sedis</i> 58 (1966), p. 445). Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cctld.it/storia/informazione/index/notificatio_14_6_66.pdf">Italian text published, together with the Latin, on <i>L'Osservatore Romano</i> of 15 June 1966</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/dictionary/index.cfm?id=35670">"Dictionary: POST LITTERAS APOSTOLICAS"</a>. <i>www.catholicculture.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.catholicculture.org&rft.atitle=Dictionary%3A+POST+LITTERAS+APOSTOLICAS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fculture%2Flibrary%2Fdictionary%2Findex.cfm%3Fid%3D35670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213410/http://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/poem_of_the_man.htm">"Poem of the Man-God"</a>. <i>EWTN</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/poem_of_the_man.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN&rft.atitle=Poem+of+the+Man-God&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fexpert%2Fanswers%2Fpoem_of_the_man.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_14091998_fides-et-ratio_en.html">Encyclical <i>Fides et raptio</i></a>, 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McMullin, Ernan, ed. The Church and Galileo. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-268-03483-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-268-03483-4">0-268-03483-4</a>. pp. 307, 347</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John L.Heilbron, <i>Censorship of Astronomy in Italy after Galileo</i> (in McMullin, Ernan ed., <i>The Church and Galileo</i>, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, 2005, p. 307, IN. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-268-03483-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-268-03483-4">0-268-03483-4</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stead-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stead_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStead1902" class="citation journal cs1">Stead, William Thomas (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nmoAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA498">"The Index Expurgatorius"</a>. <i>The Review of Reviews</i>. <b>26</b>: 498<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Reviews&rft.atitle=The+Index+Expurgatorius&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=498&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Stead&rft.aufirst=William+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnmoAAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gifford-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gifford_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGifford1902" class="citation journal cs1">Gifford, William (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L0aKIrzkU-AC&pg=PA602">"The Roman Index"</a>. <i>The Quarterly Review</i>. <b>196</b>: <span class="nowrap">602–</span>603<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Review&rft.atitle=The+Roman+Index&rft.volume=196&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E602-%3C%2Fspan%3E603&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Gifford&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL0aKIrzkU-AC%26pg%3DPA602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Index-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Index_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatholic_Church1569" class="citation book cs1">Catholic Church (1569). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K9hlAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT80"><i>Index Librorum Prohibitorum cum Regulis confectis per Patres a Tridentina Synodo delectos authoritate<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] Pii IIII. comprobatus. Una cum iis qui mandato Regiae Catholicae Majestatis et<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] Ducis Albani, Consiliique Regii decreto prohibentur, etc</i></a>. Leodii<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Index+Librorum+Prohibitorum+cum+Regulis+confectis+per+Patres+a+Tridentina+Synodo+delectos+authoritate%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E%5B...%5D+Pii+IIII.+comprobatus.+Una+cum+iis+qui+mandato+Regiae+Catholicae+Majestatis+et%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E%5B...%5D+Ducis+Albani%2C+Consiliique+Regii+decreto+prohibentur%2C+etc.&rft.pub=Leodii&rft.date=1569&rft.au=Catholic+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK9hlAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPT80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bujanda-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bujanda_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBujandaDavignon1988" class="citation book cs1">Bujanda, Jesús Martínez de; Davignon, René (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6JN7l79oGO4C&pg=PA196"><i>Index d'Anvers, 1569, 1570, 1571</i></a>. Librairie Droz. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782762200454" title="Special:BookSources/9782762200454"><bdi>9782762200454</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Index+d%27Anvers%2C+1569%2C+1570%2C+1571&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9782762200454&rft.aulast=Bujanda&rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs+Mart%C3%ADnez+de&rft.au=Davignon%2C+Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6JN7l79oGO4C%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Putnam-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Putnam_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutnam1906–1907" class="citation book cs1">Putnam, George Haven (1906–1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?q1=Anna%20a%20Skeue;id=hvd.32044014667141;view=image;seq=286;start=1;sz=10;page=search;num=250"><i>The censorship of the church of Rome and its influence upon the production and distribution of literature: a study of the history of the prohibitory and expurgatory indexes, together with some consideration of the effects of Protestant censorship and of censorship by the state</i></a>. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons. p. 250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780524007792" title="Special:BookSources/9780524007792"><bdi>9780524007792</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+censorship+of+the+church+of+Rome+and+its+influence+upon+the+production+and+distribution+of+literature%3A+a+study+of+the+history+of+the+prohibitory+and+expurgatory+indexes%2C+together+with+some+consideration+of+the+effects+of+Protestant+censorship+and+of+censorship+by+the+state&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+sons&rft.date=1906%2F1907&rft.isbn=9780524007792&rft.aulast=Putnam&rft.aufirst=George+Haven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fq1%3DAnna%2520a%2520Skeue%3Bid%3Dhvd.32044014667141%3Bview%3Dimage%3Bseq%3D286%3Bstart%3D1%3Bsz%3D10%3Bpage%3Dsearch%3Bnum%3D250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hilgers-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hilgers_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilgers1904" class="citation book cs1">Hilgers, Joseph (1904). <i>Der Index der verbotenen Bücher. In seiner neuen Fassung dargelegt und rechtlich-historisch gewürdigt</i>. Freiburg in Breisgau: Herder. pp. <span class="nowrap">145–</span>150.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Index+der+verbotenen+B%C3%BCcher.+In+seiner+neuen+Fassung+dargelegt+und+rechtlich-historisch+gew%C3%BCrdigt&rft.place=Freiburg+in+Breisgau&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E145-%3C%2Fspan%3E150&rft.pub=Herder&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Hilgers&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rafael Martinez, professor of the philosophy of science at the Santa Croce Pontifical University in Rome, in speech reported on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinews.ie/article.php?artid=5793">Catholic Ireland net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090607000752/http://www.cinews.ie/article.php?artid=5793">Archived</a> 7 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 26 May 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tie0hkcrpg4C&pg=PA36">Jesús Martínez de Bujanda, <i>Index librorum prohibitorum: 1600–1966</i></a> (Droz 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-600-00818-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-600-00818-7">2-600-00818-7</a>), p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_della_Domenica" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Osservatore della Domenica">L'Osservatore della Domenica</a></i>, 24 April 1966, p. 10.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J. Martínez de Bujanda's <i>Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 1600–1966</i> lists the authors and writings in the successive editions of the <i>Index</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Miguel Carvalho Abrantes's <i>Why Did The Inquisition Ban Certain Books?: A Case Study from Portugal</i> tries to understand why certain books were forbidden based on a Portuguese edition of the <i>Index Librorum Prohibitorum</i> from 1581.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" class="extiw" title="commons:Index Librorum Prohibitorum"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Index Librorum Prohibitorum"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum">"Index Librorum Prohibitorum" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Index+Librorum+Prohibitorum&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndex+Librorum+Prohibitorum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/ILP-1559.htm">Facsimile of the 1559 index</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100210203643/http://aloha.net/">Archived</a> 10 February 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/indexlibrorum.asp">List of famous authors in the index</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07721a.htm">"Index of Prohibited Books", The <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i> (Volume VII, 1910)</a>: "The first Roman <i>Index of Prohibited Books</i> (<i>Index librorum prohibitorum</i>), published in 1559 under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_IV" title="Pope Paul IV">Paul IV</a>, was very severe, and was therefore mitigated under that pontiff by decree of the Holy Office of 14 June of the same year. It was only in 1909 that this <i>Moderatio Indicis librorum prohibitorum</i> (<i>Mitigation of the Index of Prohibited Books</i>) was rediscovered in <i>Codex Vaticanus lat. 3958, fol. 74</i>, and was published for the first time."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/trent-booksrules.asp">The ten "tridentine" rules on the censorship of books (English)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.telenet.be/leopold.winckelmans/bull/sollicit.htm">The papal constitution <i>Sollicita ac provida</i> regulating the work of the Congregations of the Holy Office and of the Index (Latin)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128140925/http://users.telenet.be/leopold.winckelmans/bull/sollicit.htm">Archived</a> 28 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307182801/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/europe/features/article_1070798.php/Vatican_opens_up_secrets_of_Index_of_Forbidden_Books">Vatican opens up secrets of Index of Forbidden Books, Dec 22, 2005</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060630134829/http://www.americamagazine.org/gettext.cfm?articleTypeID=1&textID=3998&issueID=517">Secrets Behind The Forbidden Books</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/America_(Jesuit_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="America (Jesuit magazine)">America</a></i>, 7 February 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v94DAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA107"><i>An index of prohibited books, by command of the present pope, Gregory XVI in 1835; being the latest specimen of the literary policy of the Church of Rome</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mendham" title="Joseph Mendham">Joseph Mendham</a>, London: Duncan and Malcolm, 1840. Also at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indexofprohibite00mendiala">archive.org</a>.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/61165">The Roman Index of Forbidden Books: Briefly explained for Catholic Booklovers and Students</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span> (History and commentary of the index from 1909)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman Curia footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_Curia_of_the_Holy_See572" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Secretariat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Secretariat_of_State56" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Section for General Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States" title="Section for Relations with States">Section for Relations with States</a></li> <li>Secretary for Pontifical Representations</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Evangelization" title="Dicastery for Evangelization">Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Doctrine of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Service_of_Charity" title="Dicastery for the Service of Charity">Service of Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Dicastery for the Eastern Churches">Oriental Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Bishops" title="Dicastery for Bishops">Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Clergy" title="Dicastery for the Clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" title="Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Laity,_Family_and_Life" title="Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life">Laity, Family and Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity" title="Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity">Christian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Interreligious_Dialogue" title="Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue">Interreligious Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Culture and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Integral_Human_Development" title="Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development">Integral Human Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Legislative_Texts" title="Dicastery for Legislative Texts">Legislative Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicastery for Communications">Communications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">Tribunals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Economics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for the Economy">Council for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Patrimony_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See">Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li>Office of the Auditor General</li> <li>Commission for Confidential Matters</li> <li>Committee for Investments</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Papal_Household" title="Prefecture of the Papal Household">Prefecture of the Papal Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Liturgical_Celebrations_of_the_Supreme_Pontiff" title="Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff">Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Office_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Labour Office of the Apostolic See">Labour Office of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Apostolic Archives">Vatican Apostolic Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Apostolic Library">Vatican Apostolic Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabric_of_Saint_Peter" title="Fabric of Saint Peter">Fabric of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Sacred_Archaeology" title="Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology">Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology</a></li> <li>AVEPRO</li> <li>Supervisory and Financial Information Authority</li> <li>Domus Vaticanae</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Interdicasterial commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Particular Churches</li> <li>Church in Eastern Europe</li> <li>Consecrated Religious</li> <li>Candidates to Sacred Order</li> <li>Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Commissions and committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Committee_for_International_Eucharistic_Congresses" title="Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses">International Eucharistic Congresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Committee_for_Historical_Sciences" title="Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences">Historical Sciences</a></li> <li>Advocates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Swiss_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Swiss Guards">Swiss Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_Commission_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia">Disciplinary</a></li> <li>Financial Security</li> <li>Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion</li> <li>Activities of Public Juridical Persons of the Church in the Healthcare Sector</li> <li>Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Councils, commissions, and offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Evangelization" title="Dicastery for Evangelization">Evangelization</a> <ul><li>International Council for Catechesis</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Doctrine of the Faith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_the_Protection_of_Minors" title="Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors">Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Theological_Commission" title="International Theological Commission">International Theological Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Biblical_Commission" title="Pontifical Biblical Commission">Pontifical Biblical Commission</a></li> <li>College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Bishops" title="Dicastery for Bishops">Bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Latin_America" title="Pontifical Commission for Latin America">Pontifical Commission for Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Clergy" title="Dicastery for the Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li>Pontifical Work for Priestly Vocations</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity" title="Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity">Christian Unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Religious_Relations_with_the_Jews" title="Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews">Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Interreligious_Dialogue" title="Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue">Interreligious Dialogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Religious_Relations_with_Muslims" title="Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims">Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Culture and Education</a> <ul><li>Pontifical Work for Ecclesiastical Vocations</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicastery for Communications">Communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Publishing_House" title="Vatican Publishing House">Vatican Publishing House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Office_of_the_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Office of the Holy See">Press Office of the Holy See</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Pontifical academies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Arcadia" title="Pontifical Academy of Arcadia">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsian_Academy" title="Alphonsian Academy">Alphonsian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Ecclesiastical_Academy" title="Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_and_Letters_of_the_Virtuosi_al_Pantheon" title="Pontifical Academy of Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon">Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Theology" title="Pontifical Academy of Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Archaeology" title="Pontifical Academy of Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Martyrs" title="Pontifical Academy of Martyrs">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical Academy of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Saint Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Mary" title="Pontifical Academy of Mary">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_for_Life" title="Pontifical Academy for Life">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences">Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_for_Latin" title="Pontifical Academy for Latin">Latin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Papal See of Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Vicar General for the Vatican City State</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar" title="Cardinal Vicar">Vicar General for the Vicariate of Rome</a></li> <li>Auxiliary Bishops of the Vicariate of Rome</li> <li>Prelate Secretary of the Vicariate of Rome</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a> (16th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immensa_Aeterni_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Immensa Aeterni Dei">Immensa Aeterni Dei</a></i> (1588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI%27s_reform_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="Pope Paul VI's reform of the Roman Curia">Reform by Paul VI</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor_bonus" title="Pastor bonus">Reform by John Paul II</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Reform by Francis</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Formerdicasteries21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Former<br />dicasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Borders" title="Congregation for Borders">Congregation for Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Ceremonies" title="Congregation of Ceremonies">Congregation of Ceremonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Catholic_Education" title="Congregation for Catholic Education">Congregation for Catholic Education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sacred Congregation of the Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Vatican_Press" title="Congregation of the Vatican Press">Congregation of the Vatican Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacra_Consulta" title="Sacra Consulta">Sacred Congregation of the <i>Consulta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Indulgences_and_Sacred_Relics" title="Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics">Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Congregation_of_Rites" title="Sacred Congregation of Rites">Congregation of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Chancery" title="Apostolic Chancery">Apostolic Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Dataria" title="Apostolic Dataria">Apostolic Dataria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Papal_Charities" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Papal Charities">Office of Papal Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariate_of_Briefs_to_Princes_and_of_Latin_Letters" title="Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters">Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Administration_of_the_Holy_See" title="Special Administration of the Holy See">Special Administration of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_the_Cultural_Heritage_of_the_Church" title="Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church">Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Culture" title="Pontifical Council for Culture">Pontifical Council for Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_the_New_Evangelization" title="Pontifical Council for Promoting the New Evangelization">New Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Social_Communications" title="Pontifical Council for Social Communications">Pontifical Council for Social Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Family" title="Pontifical Council for the Family">Pontifical Council for the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity" title="Pontifical Council for the Laity">Pontifical Council for the Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_Cor_Unum" title="Pontifical Council Cor Unum"><i>Cor Unum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Justice_and_Peace" title="Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace">Justice and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Pastoral_Care_of_Migrants_and_Itinerant_People" title="Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People">Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Pastoral_Care_of_Health_Care_Workers" title="Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers">Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples" title="Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples">Evangelization of Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_New_Evangelization" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Promoting New Evangelization">New Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Catholic_Education" title="Congregation for Catholic Education">Catholic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Culture" title="Pontifical Council for Culture">Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tie0hkcrpg4C&pg=PA472">Jesús Martínez de Bujanda, <i>Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 1600–1966</i></a> (v. 11 in series Index des livres interdits) (Droz, Geneva, 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-60000818-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-60000818-1">978-2-60000818-1</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1689144378">Miguel Carvalho Abrantes, <i>Why Did The Inquisition Ban Certain Books?: A Case Study from Portugal</i></a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1689144377" title="Special:BookSources/978-1689144377">978-1689144377</a>)</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&oldid=1272160611">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum&oldid=1272160611</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1559_in_law" title="Category:1559 in law">1559 in law</a></li><li><a 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