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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phantom_stock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phantom_stock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Phantom stock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phantom_stock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stock_appreciation_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stock_appreciation_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Stock appreciation rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stock_appreciation_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employee_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employee_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Employee ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Employee stock ownership</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propiedad_de_acciones_por_empleados" title="Propiedad de acciones por empleados – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Propiedad de acciones por empleados" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طرح مالکیت سهام کارکنان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طرح مالکیت سهام کارکنان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actionnariat_salari%C3%A9" title="Actionnariat salarié – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Actionnariat salarié" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%ED%9A%8C%EC%82%AC" title="사원주주회사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사원주주회사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%B3ancin_mallakar_hannun_jari" title="Ƴancin mallakar hannun jari – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƴancin mallakar hannun jari" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%AE%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Աշխատողին բաժնետոմս տրամադրելու ծրագիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշխատողին բաժնետոմս տրամադրելու ծրագիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="ईएसओपी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईएसओपी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresa_rigenerata" title="Impresa rigenerata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impresa rigenerata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESOP" title="ESOP – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ESOP" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akcjonariat_pracowniczy" title="Akcjonariat pracowniczy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Akcjonariat pracowniczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEBO" title="MEBO – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="MEBO" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Акционерная собственность работников – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Акционерная собственность работников" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பணியாளர் உரிமை நிறுவனங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பணியாளர் உரிமை நிறுவனங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fan_i%C3%A7in_hisse_senedi_sahipli%C4%9Fi_plan%C4%B1" title="Çalışan için hisse senedi sahipliği planı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çalışan için hisse senedi sahipliği planı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-redirect" title="Employee stock ownership plan">Employee stock ownership plan</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">System giving employees stake in a company's ownership</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Employee stock ownership plan" redirects here. For the U.S. retirement plan, see <a href="/wiki/Employee_Stock_Ownership_Plan" title="Employee Stock Ownership Plan">Employee Stock Ownership Plan</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#cce;margin-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Personal_finance" title="Personal finance">Personal finance</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="background:white;margin-bottom:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Maximian.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin issued during the reign of the Roman emperor Maximian"><img alt="Coin issued during the reign of the Roman emperor Maximian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coin_of_Maximian.jpg/140px-Coin_of_Maximian.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coin_of_Maximian.jpg/210px-Coin_of_Maximian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coin_of_Maximian.jpg/280px-Coin_of_Maximian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e0e0ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Credit_(finance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit (finance)">Credit</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">Debt</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Car loan">Car loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_card" title="Charge card">Charge card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsecured_debt" title="Unsecured debt">Unsecured personal loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent-to-own" title="Rent-to-own">Rent-to-own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">Student loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnbroker" title="Pawnbroker">Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_loan" title="Title loan">Title loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payday_loan" title="Payday loan">Payday loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refund_anticipation_loan" title="Refund anticipation loan">Refund anticipation loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refinancing" title="Refinancing">Refinancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_consolidation" title="Debt consolidation">Debt consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_rescheduling" title="Debt rescheduling">Debt rescheduling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e0e0ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Employment_contract" title="Employment contract">Employment contract</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salary" title="Salary">Salary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage" title="Wage">Wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salary_packaging" title="Salary packaging">Salary packaging</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Employee stock ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_benefits" title="Employee benefits">Employee benefits</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e0e0ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Retirement" title="Retirement">Retirement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pension" title="Pension">Pension</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defined_benefit_pension_plan" title="Defined benefit pension plan">Defined benefit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defined_contribution_plan" title="Defined contribution plan">Defined contribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_pension" title="Social pension">Social pension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">Social security</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e0e0ff;"> <a href="/wiki/Personal_budget" title="Personal budget">Personal budget</a> and <a href="/wiki/Investment" title="Investment">investment</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_management" title="Active management">Active management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_investment" title="Alternative investment">Alternative investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Asset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_allocation" title="Asset allocation">allocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asset_(economics)" title="Asset (economics)">economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_appreciation" title="Capital appreciation">growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">Bond (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversification_(finance)" title="Diversification (finance)">Diversification (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Equity (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_planning" title="Estate planning">Estate planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_traded_fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange traded fund">ETF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Financial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_adviser" title="Financial adviser">adviser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_asset" title="Financial asset">asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_plan" title="Financial plan">plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_planner" title="Financial planner">planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_independence" title="Financial independence">independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">Government bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_investing" title="Growth investing">Growth investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_stock" title="Growth stock">Growth stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedge (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_investing" title="Impact investing">Impact investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_advisory" title="Investment advisory">Investment advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_performance" title="Investment performance">Investment performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_style" title="Investment style">Investment style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor_profile" title="Investor profile">Investor profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_risk" title="Market risk">Market risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_management" title="Passive management">Passive management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portfolio_optimization" title="Portfolio optimization">Portfolio optimization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockbroker" title="Stockbroker">Stockbroker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_date_fund" title="Target date fund">Target date fund</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e0e0ff;"> <span class="nobold">See also</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_pricing" title="Asset pricing">Asset pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_dividend" title="Citizen's dividend">Citizen's dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">Credit union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_bubble" title="Economic bubble">Economic bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_deepening" title="Financial deepening">Financial deepening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_inclusion" title="Financial inclusion">Financial inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_risk" title="Financial risk">Financial risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fintech" title="Fintech">Fintech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaranteed_minimum_income" title="Guaranteed minimum income">Guaranteed minimum income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_impact" title="Market impact">Market impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk-return_spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Risk-return spectrum">Risk-return spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_product" title="Structured product">Structured product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematic_risk" title="Systematic risk">Systematic risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Universal basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_(finance)" title="Volatility (finance)">Volatility (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watered_stock" title="Watered stock">Watered stock</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Personal_finance" title="Template:Personal finance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Personal_finance" title="Template talk:Personal finance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Personal_finance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Personal finance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Employee stock ownership</b>, or <b>employee share ownership</b>, is where a <a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">company</a>'s employees own <a href="/wiki/Shares" class="mw-redirect" title="Shares">shares</a> in that company (or in the parent company of a group of companies). US employees typically acquire shares through a share option plan. In the UK, Employee Share Purchase Plans are common, wherein deductions are made from an employee's salary to purchase shares over time.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Australia it is common to have all employee plans that provide employees with $1,000 worth of shares on a tax free basis.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). (June 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Such plans may be selective or all-employee plans. Selective plans are typically only made available to senior executives. All-employee plans offer participation to all employees (subject to certain qualifying conditions such as a minimum length of service). </p><p>Most corporations use stock ownership plans as a form of an <a href="/wiki/Employee_benefit" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee benefit">employee benefit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans in <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public companies</a> generally limit the total number or the percentage of the company's stock that may be acquired by employees under a plan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared with <a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">worker cooperatives</a> or <a href="/wiki/Co-determination" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-determination">co-determination</a>, employee share ownership may not confer any meaningful control or influence by employees in governing and managing the corporation. </p><p>In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">private companies</a> often use employee share ownership to maintain the political feasibility of the founding <a href="/wiki/Business_plan" title="Business plan">business plan</a> and culture after the founders have left. Generally, the most senior employees own a majority stake and represent the leading voice in the company that employs them. They may be required to sell back the shares upon leaving the company. </p><p>A number of countries have introduced tax advantaged share or share option plans to encourage employee share ownership. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_plan">Types of plan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types of plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To facilitate employee stock ownership, companies may allocate their <a href="/wiki/Employee" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee">employees</a> with <a href="/wiki/Employee_stock_option" title="Employee stock option">stock</a>, which may be at no upfront cost to the employee, enable the employee to purchase stock, which may be at a discount, or grant employees stock options. Shares allocated to employees may have a holding period before the employee takes ownership of the shares (known as vesting). The vesting of shares and the exercise of a stock option may be subject to individual or business performance conditions. </p><p>Various types of employee stock ownership plans are common in most industrial and some developing countries. Executive plans are designed to recruit and reward senior or key employees. In the U.S. and the UK there is a widespread practice of sharing this kind of ownership broadly with employees through plans in which participation is offered to all employees. The tax rules for employee share ownership vary widely from country to country. Only a few, most notably the U.S., the UK, and Ireland have significant tax laws to encourage broad-based employee share ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in the U.S. there are specific rules for <a href="/wiki/Employee_Stock_Ownership_Plan" title="Employee Stock Ownership Plan">Employee Stock Ownership Plans</a> (ESOPs). In the UK there are two all-employee tax advantaged plans that enable employees to acquire shares: the <a href="/wiki/Share_Incentive_Plan" title="Share Incentive Plan">Share Incentive Plan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sharesave" title="Sharesave">Sharesave</a> share option plan. </p><p>Varieties of employee share ownership plan (including associated cash based incentive plans) include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_purchase_plans">Direct purchase plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Direct purchase plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Direct purchase plans simply allow employees to buy shares in the company with their own money. In several countries, there are special tax-qualified plans that allow employees to buy stock either at a discount or with matching shares from the company. For instance, in the U.S., <a href="/wiki/Employee_stock_purchase_plan" title="Employee stock purchase plan">employee stock purchase plans</a> enable employees to put aside after-tax pay over some period of time (typically 6–12 months) then use the accumulated funds to buy shares at up to a 15% discount at either the price at the time of purchase or the time when they started putting aside the money, whichever is lower. In the U.K., <a href="/wiki/Share_Incentive_Plan" title="Share Incentive Plan">Share Incentive Plans</a> allow employee purchases that can be matched directly by the company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stock_options">Stock options</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Stock options"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Employee_stock_option" title="Employee stock option">Employee stock option</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Employee_stock_option" title="Employee stock option">Stock options</a> give employees the right to buy a number of shares at a price fixed at grant for a defined number of years into the future. Options, and all the plans listed below, can be given to any employee under whatever rules the company creates, with limited exceptions in various countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restricted_stock">Restricted stock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Restricted stock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Restricted_stock" title="Restricted stock">Restricted stock</a> and its close relative restricted stock units give employees the right to acquire or receive shares, by gift or purchase, once certain restrictions, such as working a certain number of years or meeting a performance target, are met. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phantom_stock">Phantom stock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phantom stock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Phantom_stock" title="Phantom stock">Phantom stock</a> pays a future cash bonus equal to the value of a certain number of shares. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stock_appreciation_rights">Stock appreciation rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Stock appreciation rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stock_appreciation_right" title="Stock appreciation right">Stock appreciation rights</a> provide the right to the increase in the value of a designated number of shares, usually paid in cash but occasionally settled in shares (this is called a "stock–settled" SAR). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Employee_ownership"><span id="Employee_ownership"></span>Employee ownership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Employee ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Employee ownership is a way of running a business that can work for different sized businesses in diverse sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Employee ownership requires employees to own a significant and meaningful stake in their company.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The size of the shareholding must be significant. This is accepted as meaning where 25 percent or more of the ownership of the company is broadly held by all or most employees (or on their behalf by a <a href="/wiki/Employee_trust" title="Employee trust">trust</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three basic forms of employee ownership:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>direct ownership</b> of shares by all employees as individuals;</li> <li><b>indirect (or trust)</b> ownership on behalf of all employees by the trustee of an <a href="/wiki/Employee_trust" title="Employee trust">employee trust</a>; and</li> <li>the <b>hybrid</b> model which combines both direct and indirect ownership.</li></ul> <p>In addition, the employees' stake must give employees a meaningful voice in the company's affairs by it underpinning organisational structures that promote employee engagement in the company.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Employee ownership can be seen as a business model in its own right, in contrast to employee share ownership which may only provide selected employees with shares in their company and an insignificant overall shareholding. </p><p>In the UK organisations such as the Employee Ownership Association (EOA), <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enterprise" title="Scottish Enterprise">Scottish Enterprise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales_Co-operative_Centre" title="Wales Co-operative Centre">Wales Co-operative Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Co-operatives_UK" title="Co-operatives UK">Co-operatives UK</a> play an active role in promoting employee ownership. </p><p>An employee controlled company is a majority employee-owned company. This might arise through an employee-buyout. This can be set up through an <a href="/wiki/Employee_Ownership_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee Ownership Trust">employee ownership trust</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_employee-owned_companies" title="List of employee-owned companies">Employee-owned companies</a> are totally or significantly owned (directly or indirectly) by their <a href="/wiki/Employee" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee">employees.</a> </p><p>Different forms of employee ownership, and the principles that underlie them, have contributed to the emergence of an international <a href="/wiki/Social_enterprise" title="Social enterprise">social enterprise</a> movement. A public service mutual, by definition, has a significant degree of employee ownership, influence or control, but most <a href="/wiki/Public_service_mutual" title="Public service mutual">public service mutuals</a> identify themselves as social enterprises rather than employee owned.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">worker cooperative</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> owned and self-managed by its workers. It is a type of employee owned company that operates according to the international values of co-operation and adheres to an additional code, beyond the core international principles, focused on democracy and participation in the workplace.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most celebrated (and studied) case of a group of companies based wholly on co-operative principles is the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Mondragon_Cooperative_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondragon Cooperative Corporation">Mondragon Cooperative Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish law, however, requires that members of the <a href="/wiki/Mondragon_Corporation" title="Mondragon Corporation">Mondragon Corporation</a> are registered as self-employed and are not employees. This further differentiates this type of co-operative ownership (in which self-employed owner-members each have one voting share, or shares are controlled by a co-operative legal entity) from employee ownership (where ownership is typically held as a block of shares on behalf of employees using an employee ownership trust, or company rules embed mechanisms for distributing shares to employees and ensuring they remain majority shareholders).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Employee_share_schemes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Employee share schemes in the United Kingdom">Employee share schemes in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>Employee Share Ownership Plans (ESOPs) became widespread for a short period in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> under the government of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, particularly following the <a href="/wiki/Transport_Act_1985" title="Transport Act 1985">Transport Act 1985</a>, which deregulated and then privatised bus services. Councils seeking to protect workers ensured that employees accessed shares as privatisation took place, but employee owners soon lost their shares as they were bought up and bus companies were taken over.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disappearance of stock plans was dramatic.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Employee_stock_ownership_plans_in_the_United_States" title="Employee stock ownership plans in the United States">Employee stock ownership plans in the United States</a></div> <p>In the United States, there is a widespread practice of employee stock ownership. It began with industrial companies and today is particularly common in the technology sector but also companies in other industries, such as <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/WinCo_Foods" title="WinCo Foods">WinCo Foods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a>. </p><p>In his <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a> presidential campaign, <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> proposed that 20% of stocks in corporations with over $100 million in annual revenue be owned by the corporation's workers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_on_Business_and_Poverty" title="Center on Business and Poverty">Center on Business and Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-determination" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-determination">Co-determination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worker_representation_on_corporate_boards_of_directors" title="Worker representation on corporate boards of directors">Worker representation on corporate boards of directors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">Worker cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_participation" title="Economics of participation">Economics of participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_benefit_trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee benefit trust">Employee benefit trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_law" title="Labour law">Labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_employee-owned_companies" title="List of employee-owned companies">List of employee-owned companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/4-565-1485?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true">"Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)"</a>. <i>Practical Law</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Practical+Law&rft.atitle=Employee+Stock+Purchase+Plan+%28ESPP%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com%2F4-565-1485%3FtransitionType%3DDefault%26contextData%3D%28sc.Default%29%26firstPage%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmployee+stock+ownership" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Australian Tax Office|<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ato.gov.au/general/employee-share-schemes/employers/types-of-ess/concessional-ess/taxed-upfront-scheme---$1,000-reduction/">https://www.ato.gov.au/general/employee-share-schemes/employers/types-of-ess/concessional-ess/taxed-upfront-scheme---$1,000-reduction/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proshare.org/assets/files/research/attitudes-to-employee-share-ownership.pdf">"Attitudes to employee share ownership - See it from their perspective"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ProShare</i>. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ProShare&rft.atitle=Attitudes+to+employee+share+ownership+-+See+it+from+their+perspective&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proshare.org%2Fassets%2Ffiles%2Fresearch%2Fattitudes-to-employee-share-ownership.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmployee+stock+ownership" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, in the UK, The Investment Association Principles of Remuneration (1 November 2019) Rule 2 xi (Dilution)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Employee_Ownership" title="National Center for Employee Ownership">National Center for Employee Ownership</a>, Employee Ownership for Multinational Companies, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/210441/bis-13-939-moving-to-employee-ownership-guide-for-employees.pdf"><i>Moving to Employee Ownership - a brief guide for employees</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. URN BIS/13/939. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. 2013. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moving+to+Employee+Ownership+-+a+brief+guide+for+employees&rft.series=URN+BIS%2F13%2F939&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Department+for+Business%2C+Innovation+and+Skills&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F210441%2Fbis-13-939-moving-to-employee-ownership-guide-for-employees.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmployee+stock+ownership" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNuttall2012" class="citation book cs1">Nuttall, Graeme (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/31706/12-933-sharing-success-nuttall-review-employee-ownership.pdf"><i>Sharing Success: The Nuttall Review of Employee Ownership</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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(2008) Local Heroes: How Loch Fyne Oysters Embraced Employee Ownership and Business Success, London: Viking.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPendletonMcDonaldRobinsonWilson1996" class="citation journal cs1">Pendleton, Andrew; McDonald, John; Robinson, Andrew; Wilson, Nicholas (1996-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017096102001">"Employee Participation and Corporate Governance in Employee-Owned Firms"</a>. <i>Work, Employment and Society</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 205–226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0950017096102001">10.1177/0950017096102001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0950-0170">0950-0170</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154299458">154299458</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Work%2C+Employment+and+Society&rft.atitle=Employee+Participation+and+Corporate+Governance+in+Employee-Owned+Firms&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=205-226&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154299458%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0950-0170&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0950017096102001&rft.aulast=Pendleton&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=McDonald%2C+John&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%2F0950017096102001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmployee+stock+ownership" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrewhitt2000" class="citation journal cs1">Trewhitt, Lisa (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2338.00175">"Employee buyouts and employee involvement: a case study investigation of employee attitudes"</a>. <i>Industrial Relations Journal</i>. <b>31</b> (5): 437–453. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-2338.00175">10.1111/1468-2338.00175</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-2338">1468-2338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Relations+Journal&rft.atitle=Employee+buyouts+and+employee+involvement%3A+a+case+study+investigation+of+employee+attitudes&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=437-453&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-2338.00175&rft.issn=1468-2338&rft.aulast=Trewhitt&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2F1468-2338.00175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmployee+stock+ownership" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://berniesanders.com/issues/corporate-accountability-and-democracy/">"Corporate Accountability and Democracy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corporate+Accountability+and+Democracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberniesanders.com%2Fissues%2Fcorporate-accountability-and-democracy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmployee+stock+ownership" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employee_stock_ownership&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Blasi,_Douglas_KruseBernstein,_Aaron2003" class="citation cs2">Joseph Blasi, Douglas Kruse; Bernstein, Aaron (2003), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/incompanyofowner00blas_0"><i>In the company of owners: The Truth about Stock Options (and why Every Employee Should Have Them)</i></a></span>, New York, NY: Basic Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465007004" title="Special:BookSources/9780465007004"><bdi>9780465007004</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50479205">50479205</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+company+of+owners%3A+The+Truth+about+Stock+Options+%28and+why+Every+Employee+Should+Have+Them%29&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50479205&rft.isbn=9780465007004&rft.au=Joseph+Blasi%2C+Douglas+Kruse&rft.au=Bernstein%2C+Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fincompanyofowner00blas_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmployee+stock+ownership" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen,_CoreyCase,_JohnStaubus,_Martin2005" class="citation cs2">Rosen, Corey; Case, John; Staubus, Martin (2005), <i>Equity: Why Employee Ownership is Good for Business</i>, Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781591393313" title="Special:BookSources/9781591393313"><bdi>9781591393313</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57557579">57557579</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Equity%3A+Why+Employee+Ownership+is+Good+for+Business&rft.place=Boston%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+Business+School+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57557579&rft.isbn=9781591393313&rft.au=Rosen%2C+Corey&rft.au=Case%2C+John&rft.au=Staubus%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmployee+stock+ownership" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Curl, John (2009) <i>For All The People: Uncovering the Hidden History of Cooperation, Cooperative Movements, and Communalism in America</i>, PM Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60486-072-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60486-072-6">978-1-60486-072-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaubus,_Martin2011" class="citation cs2">Staubus, Martin (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118075523/http://rady.ucsd.edu/beyster/media/newsletter/2011/summer/high-performance.html">"Creating a High-Performing Workplace"</a>, <i>Employee Ownership Insights</i> (Summer 2011), The Beyster Institute, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rady.ucsd.edu/beyster/media/newsletter/2011/summer/high-performance.html">the original</a> on 2017-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-29</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Employee+Ownership+Insights&rft.atitle=Creating+a+High-Performing+Workplace&rft.issue=Summer+2011&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Staubus%2C+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frady.ucsd.edu%2Fbeyster%2Fmedia%2Fnewsletter%2F2011%2Fsummer%2Fhigh-performance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmployee+stock+ownership" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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