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</button> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_the_legend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mother_Leeds's_13th_child" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mother_Leeds's_13th_child"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mother Leeds's 13th child</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mother_Leeds's_13th_child-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Leeds_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Leeds_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The Leeds family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Leeds_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Leeds_Devil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Leeds_Devil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The Leeds Devil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Leeds_Devil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reported_sightings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reported_sightings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reported sightings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reported_sightings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reported sightings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reported_sightings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wave_of_sightings_in_1909" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wave_of_sightings_in_1909"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Wave of sightings in 1909</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_relevance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_relevance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural relevance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_relevance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relevant_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relevant_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Relevant literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relevant_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jersey Devil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="شيطان جيرسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شيطان جيرسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Джърсийски дявол – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джърсийски дявол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8E%C3%A1bel_z_Jersey" title="Ďábel z Jersey – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ďábel z Jersey" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey-dj%C3%A6velen" title="Jersey-djævelen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jersey-djævelen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Devil" title="Jersey Devil – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jersey Devil" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diablo_de_Jersey" title="Diablo de Jersey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diablo de Jersey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diable_de_Jersey" title="Diable de Jersey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Diable de Jersey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrag_iz_Jerseyja" title="Vrag iz Jerseyja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vrag iz Jerseyja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Devil" title="Jersey Devil – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jersey Devil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey-dj%C3%B6fullinn" title="Jersey-djöfullinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jersey-djöfullinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diavolo_del_Jersey" title="Diavolo del Jersey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diavolo del Jersey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Џерзиски ѓавол – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џерзиски ѓавол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ജെഴ്സി ചെകുത്താൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെഴ്സി ചെകുത്താൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Devil" title="Jersey Devil – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jersey Devil" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB" title="ジャージー・デビル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャージー・デビル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabe%C5%82_z_New_Jersey" title="Diabeł z New Jersey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Diabeł z New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B4nio_de_Jersey" title="Demônio de Jersey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Demônio de Jersey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diavolul_din_Jersey" title="Diavolul din Jersey – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Diavolul din Jersey" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Дьявол из Джерси – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дьявол из Джерси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Џерзијски ђаво – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џерзијски ђаво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerseyn_paholainen" title="Jerseyn paholainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerseyn paholainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerseydemonen" title="Jerseydemonen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jerseydemonen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ปีศาจเจอร์ซีย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปีศาจเจอร์ซีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96" title="Диявол із Джерсі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Диявол із Джерсі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A1i_v%E1%BA%ADt_Jersey" title="Quái vật Jersey – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quái vật Jersey" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E6%83%A1%E9%AD%94" title="澤西惡魔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="澤西惡魔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q668330#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Devil" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Legendary creature in North American folklore</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"New Jersey Devil" redirects here. For the NHL hockey team named after the creature, see <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Devil_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jersey Devil (disambiguation)">Jersey Devil (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Jersey Devil</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jersey_Devil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jersey_Devil.svg/150px-Jersey_Devil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jersey_Devil.svg/225px-Jersey_Devil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jersey_Devil.svg/300px-Jersey_Devil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption"><i>The Jersey Devil</i>, an illustration in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Evening_Bulletin_Philadelphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Evening Bulletin Philadelphia (page does not exist)">The Evening Bulletin Philadelphia</a></i> in January 21st 1909</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Leeds Devil</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pine_Barrens_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Barrens (New Jersey)">Pine Barrens</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fee-Webb_2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fee-Webb_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <b>Jersey Devil</b>, also known as the <b>Leeds Devil</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">legendary creature</a> said to inhabit the forests of the <a href="/wiki/Pine_Barrens_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Barrens (New Jersey)">Pine Barrens</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fee-Webb_2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fee-Webb_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creature is often described as a flying <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">biped</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hoof" title="Hoof">hooves</a>, but there are many variations. The common description is that of a bipedal <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a>-like or <a href="/wiki/Wyvern" title="Wyvern">wyvern</a>-like creature with a <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a>- or <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goat</a>-like head, leathery <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bat</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Wings" class="mw-redirect" title="Wings">wings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)" title="Horn (anatomy)">horns</a>, small arms with clawed hands, legs with cloven hooves, and a forked or pointed tail. It is also said that it has a strange elongated body and a thick tail.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been reported to move quickly and is often described as emitting a high-pitched "blood-curdling scream".<sup id="cite_ref-mccloy_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mccloy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_legend">Origin of the legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin of the legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_American_Buildings_Survey_Nathaniel_R._Ewan,_Photographer_May_7,_1937_EXTERIOR-_WEST_VIEW_-_Japhet_Leeds_House,_Moss_Mill_Road,_Leeds_Point,_Atlantic_County,_NJ_HABS_NJ,1-LEEPO,1-1.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey_Nathaniel_R._Ewan%2C_Photographer_May_7%2C_1937_EXTERIOR-_WEST_VIEW_-_Japhet_Leeds_House%2C_Moss_Mill_Road%2C_Leeds_Point%2C_Atlantic_County%2C_NJ_HABS_NJ%2C1-LEEPO%2C1-1.tif/lossy-page1-220px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey_Nathaniel_R._Ewan%2C_Photographer_May_7%2C_1937_EXTERIOR-_WEST_VIEW_-_Japhet_Leeds_House%2C_Moss_Mill_Road%2C_Leeds_Point%2C_Atlantic_County%2C_NJ_HABS_NJ%2C1-LEEPO%2C1-1.tif/lossy-page1-330px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey_Nathaniel_R._Ewan%2C_Photographer_May_7%2C_1937_EXTERIOR-_WEST_VIEW_-_Japhet_Leeds_House%2C_Moss_Mill_Road%2C_Leeds_Point%2C_Atlantic_County%2C_NJ_HABS_NJ%2C1-LEEPO%2C1-1.tif/lossy-page1-440px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3546" /></a><figcaption>Japhet Leeds House on Moss Mill Road in <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Point,_New_Jersey" title="Leeds Point, New Jersey">Leeds Point, New Jersey</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1937</span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mother_Leeds's_13th_child"><span id="Mother_Leeds.27s_13th_child"></span>Mother Leeds's 13th child</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mother Leeds's 13th child"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to popular folklore, the Jersey Devil originated with a Pine Barrens resident named Deborah Leeds, known as "Mother Leeds." The legend states that Mother Leeds had twelve children and, after discovering she was pregnant for the thirteenth time, cursed the child in frustration, declaring that the child would be the "<a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">devil</a>." In 1735, Mother Leeds was in labour on a stormy night while her friends gathered around her. The thirteenth child was born normally. However, it transformed into a creature with hooves, a goat's head, bat wings, and a forked tail. Growling and screaming, the child beat everyone with its tail before flying up the chimney and heading into the pines. In some versions of the tale, Mother Leeds was supposedly a <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witch</a> and the child's father was <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">the devil</a> himself. Some versions of the legend also state that local <a href="/wiki/Clergy#Christianity" title="Clergy">clergymen</a> subsequently attempted to <a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">exorcise</a> the creature from the Pine Barrens.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Leeds_family">The Leeds family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Leeds family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the early 1900s, the Jersey Devil was referred to as the <b>Leeds Devil</b> or the <b>Devil of Leeds</b>, either in connection with the local Leeds family or the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Point,_New_Jersey" title="Leeds Point, New Jersey">Leeds Point</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-courier_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courier-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Mother Leeds" has been identified by some as the real-life Deborah Leeds,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on grounds that Deborah Leeds' husband, Japhet Leeds, named twelve children in the will he wrote during 1736,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is compatible with the legend. Deborah and Japhet Leeds also lived in the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Point,_New_Jersey" title="Leeds Point, New Jersey">Leeds Point</a> section of what is now <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic County, New Jersey">Atlantic County, New Jersey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is commonly the location of the Jersey Devil story. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brian_Regal" title="Brian Regal">Brian Regal</a>, a <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">historian of science</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kean_University" title="Kean University">Kean University</a>, theorizes that the story of Mother Leeds, rather than being based on a single historical person alone, originated from the reputation of the local prominent Leeds family in the southern portion of the colonial-era <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">Province of New Jersey</a>, where religious-political disputes became the subject of folklore and gossip among the local population. Regal contends that folk legends concerning these historical disputes evolved through the years and ultimately resulted in the modern popular legend of the Jersey Devil during the early 20th century. Regal contends that "colonial-era political intrigue" involving early New Jersey politicians, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, and Franklin's rival <a href="/wiki/Almanac#British_America_and_United_States" title="Almanac">almanac</a> publisher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Leeds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Leeds (page does not exist)">Daniel Leeds</a> (1651–1720) resulted in the Leeds family being described as "monsters", and it was Daniel Leeds' negative description as the "Leeds Devil", rather than any actual creature, that created the later legend of the Jersey Devil. </p><p>Much like the Mother Leeds of the Jersey Devil myth, Daniel Leeds' third wife had given birth to nine children, a large number of children even for the time. Leeds' second wife and first daughter had both died during childbirth. Leeds and his family were prominent in the South Jersey and Pine Barrens area. As a royal <a href="/wiki/Surveyor" class="mw-redirect" title="Surveyor">surveyor</a> with strong allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/British_crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British crown">British crown</a>, Leeds had surveyed and acquired land in the <a href="/wiki/Egg_Harbor_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey">Egg Harbor</a> area, located within the <a href="/wiki/Pine_Barrens_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Barrens (New Jersey)">Pine Barrens</a>. The land was inherited by Leeds' sons and family and is now known as Leeds Point, one of the areas in the Pine Barrens currently most associated with the Jersey Devil legend and alleged Jersey Devil sightings.<sup id="cite_ref-regal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in the 17th century, <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quakers</a> established settlements in Southern Jersey, the region in which the Pine Barrens are located. Daniel Leeds, a Quaker and a prominent person of pre-Revolution colonial southern New Jersey, became ostracized by his Quaker congregation after his 1687 publication of <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanacs</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrological</a> symbols and writings. Leeds' fellow Quakers deemed the astrology in these almanacs as too "<a href="/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">pagan</a>" or blasphemous, and the almanacs were censored and destroyed by the local Quaker community. </p><p>In response to and in spite of this censorship, Leeds continued to publish even more <a href="/wiki/Esoteric" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric">esoteric</a> astrological Christian writings and became increasingly fascinated with <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Christian occultism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian mysticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_cosmology" title="Religious cosmology">cosmology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">demonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelology">angelology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_magic" title="Natural magic">natural magic</a>. In the 1690s, after his almanacs and writings were further censored as blasphemous or <a href="/wiki/Heretical" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretical">heretical</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Yearly_Meeting" title="Philadelphia Yearly Meeting">Philadelphia Quaker Meeting</a>, Leeds continued to dispute with the Quaker community, converting to <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a> and publishing anti-Quaker <a href="/wiki/Tract_(literature)" title="Tract (literature)">tracts</a> criticizing Quaker theology and accusing Quakers of being <a href="/wiki/Anti-monarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-monarchism">anti-monarchists</a>. In the ensuing dispute between Leeds and the southern New Jersey Quakers over Leeds' accusations, Leeds was endorsed by the much-maligned British royal governor of New Jersey, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Cornbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Cornbury">Lord Cornbury</a>, despised among the Quaker communities. Leeds also worked as a councilor to Lord Cornbury about this time. Considering Leeds as a traitor for aiding the Crown and rejecting Quaker beliefs, the Quaker <a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington</a> Meeting of southern New Jersey subsequently dismissed Leeds as "<a href="/wiki/Evil" title="Evil">evil</a>". In 1700, the local South Jersey Quaker community retaliated against Leeds’ anti-Quaker tracts with their own tract, <i>Satan’s Harbinger Encountered … Being Something by Way of Answer to Daniel Leeds</i>, which publicly accused Leeds of working for <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">the devil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-regal_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 1716, Daniel Leeds' son, Titan Leeds, inherited his father's almanac business, which continued to use astrological content and eventually competed with <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>'s popular <i><a href="/wiki/Poor_Richard%27s_Almanack" title="Poor Richard's Almanack">Poor Richard's Almanack</a></i>. The competition between the two men intensified when, during 1733, Franklin satirically used astrology in his almanac to predict Titan Leeds' death on October of that same year. Though Franklin's prediction was intended as a joke at his competitor's expense and a means to boost almanac sales, Titan Leeds was apparently offended at the death prediction, publishing a public admonition of Franklin as a "fool" and a "liar". In a published response, Franklin mocked Titan Leeds' outrage and humorously suggested that, in fact, Titan Leeds had died in accordance with the earlier prediction and was thus writing his almanacs as a <a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">ghost</a>, resurrected from the grave to haunt and torment Franklin. Franklin continued to jokingly refer to Titan Leeds as a "ghost" even after Titan Leeds' actual death in 1738. Daniel Leeds' blasphemous and occultist reputation and his pro-monarchy stance in the largely anti-monarchist colonial south of New Jersey, combined with Benjamin Franklin's later continuous depiction of his son Titan Leeds as a ghost, may have originated or contributed to the local folk legend of a so-called "Leeds Devil" lurking in the Pine Barrens.<sup id="cite_ref-regal_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 1728, Titan Leeds began to include the Leeds <a href="/wiki/Family_crest" class="mw-redirect" title="Family crest">family crest</a> on the masthead of his almanacs. The Leeds family crest depicted a <a href="/wiki/Wyvern" title="Wyvern">wyvern</a>, a bat-winged <a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragon</a>-like legendary creature that stands upright on two clawed feet. Regal notes that the wyvern on the Leeds family crest is reminiscent of the popular descriptions of the Jersey Devil. The inclusion of this family crest on Leeds' almanacs may have further contributed to the Leeds family's poor reputation among locals and possibly influenced the popular descriptions of the Leeds Devil or Jersey Devil. The fearsome appearance of the crest's wyvern and the increasing animosity among local South Jersey residents towards <a href="/wiki/Kingship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingship">royalty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocracy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a> (with whom family crests were associated) may have helped facilitate the legend of the Leeds Devil and the association of the Leeds family with "devils" and "monsters".<sup id="cite_ref-regal_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Leeds_Devil">The Leeds Devil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Leeds Devil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regal notes that, by the late 18th century and the early 19th century at the latest, the "Leeds Devil" had become an ubiquitous legendary <a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">monster</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">ghost story</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a>. In the early to mid-19th century, stories continued to circulate in southern New Jersey of the Leeds Devil, a "monster wandering the Pine Barrens." An oral tradition of "Leeds Devil" monster/ghost stories became well-established in the Pine Barrens area.<sup id="cite_ref-courier_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courier-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the "Leeds Devil" legend has existed since the 18th century, Regal states that the more modern depiction of the Jersey Devil, as well as the now pervasive "Jersey Devil" name, first became truly standardized in current form during the early 20th century: </p> <blockquote><p>During the pre-Revolutionary period, the Leeds family, who called the Pine Barrens home, soured its relationship with the Quaker majority ... The Quakers saw no hurry to give their former fellow religionist an easy time in circles of gossip. His wives had all died, as had several children. His son Titan stood accused by Benjamin Franklin of being a ghost ... The family crest had winged dragons on it. In a time when <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">thoughts of independence</a> were being born, these issues made the Leeds family political and religious monsters. From all this over time the legend of the Leeds Devil was born. References to the 'Jersey Devil' do not appear in newspapers or other printed material until the twentieth century. The first major flap came in 1909. It is from these sightings that the popular image of the creature—batlike wings, horse head, claws, and general air of a dragon—became standardized.<sup id="cite_ref-regal_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Indeed, many references to a "Leeds Devil" or "Devil of Leeds" appear in earlier printed material prior to the widespread usage of the "Jersey Devil" name. During 1859, the <i><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Monthly">Atlantic Monthly</a></i> published an article detailing the Leeds Devil folk tales popular among Pine Barren residents (or "<a href="/wiki/Pine_rats" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine rats">pine rats</a>".)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A newspaper from 1887 describes sightings of a winged creature, referred to as "the Devil of Leeds", allegedly spotted near the Pine Barrens and well known among the local populace of <a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington County, New Jersey</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>Whenever he went near it, it would give a most unearthly yell that frightened the dogs. It whipped at every dog on the place. "That thing," said the colonel, "is not a bird nor an animal, but it is the Leeds devil, according to the description, and it was born over in <a href="/wiki/Evesham_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Evesham Township, New Jersey">Evesham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington County</a>, a hundred years ago. There is no mistake about it. I never saw the horrible critter myself, but I can remember well when it was roaming around in Evesham woods fifty years ago, and when it was hunted by men and dogs and shot at by the best marksmen there were in all South Jersey but could not be killed. There isn't a family in Burlington or any of the adjoining counties that does not know of the Leeds devil, and it was the <a href="/wiki/Bogeyman" title="Bogeyman">bugaboo</a> to frighten children with when I was a boy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reported_sightings">Reported sightings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reported sightings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been many claims of sightings and occurrences involving the Jersey Devil. </p><p>According to legend, while visiting the Hanover Mill Works to inspect his <a href="/wiki/Round_shot" title="Round shot">cannonballs</a> being forged, Commodore <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Decatur" title="Stephen Decatur">Stephen Decatur</a> sighted a flying creature and fired a cannonball directly upon it, to no effect.<sup id="cite_ref-mccloy_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mccloy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a>, elder brother of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, is also claimed to have seen the Jersey Devil while hunting on his <a href="/wiki/Bordentown,_New_Jersey" title="Bordentown, New Jersey">Bordentown</a> estate about 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-americanfolklore_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americanfolklore-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 1840, the Jersey Devil was blamed for several <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> killings. Similar attacks were reported during 1841, accompanied by tracks and screams.<sup id="cite_ref-mccloy_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mccloy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Township,_Gloucester_County,_New_Jersey" title="Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey">Greenwich Township</a>, in December 1925, a local farmer shot an unidentified animal as it attempted to steal his <a href="/wiki/Chickens" class="mw-redirect" title="Chickens">chickens</a>, and then photographed the corpse. Afterward, he claimed that none of 100 people he showed it to could identify it.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 27, 1937, an unknown animal "with red eyes" seen by residents of <a href="/wiki/Downingtown,_Pennsylvania" title="Downingtown, Pennsylvania">Downingtown, Pennsylvania</a> was compared to the Jersey Devil by a reporter for the <i><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Bulletin" title="Pennsylvania Bulletin">Pennsylvania Bulletin</a></i> of July 28, 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, a group of <a href="/wiki/Gibbstown,_New_Jersey" title="Gibbstown, New Jersey">Gibbstown, New Jersey</a> boys claimed to have seen a 'monster' matching the Devil's description<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and claims of a corpse matching the Jersey Devil's description arose in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-mcnab_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcnab-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1960, tracks and noises heard near <a href="/wiki/Mays_Landing,_New_Jersey" title="Mays Landing, New Jersey">Mays Landing</a> were claimed to be from the Jersey Devil.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the same year the merchants around <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a> offered a $10,000 reward for the capture of the Jersey Devil, even offering to build a private zoo to house the creature if it was captured.<sup id="cite_ref-jerseyhistory_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jerseyhistory-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wave_of_sightings_in_1909">Wave of sightings in 1909</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wave of sightings in 1909"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the week of January 16–23, 1909, newspapers published hundreds of claimed encounters with the Jersey Devil from all over South Jersey and the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Philadelphia area</a>. Among these alleged encounters were claims the creature "attacked" a <a href="/wiki/Trolley_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Trolley car">trolley car</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haddon_Heights,_New_Jersey" title="Haddon Heights, New Jersey">Haddon Heights</a> and a social club in <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police in Camden and <a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Pennsylvania" title="Bristol, Pennsylvania">Bristol, Pennsylvania</a> supposedly fired on the creature to no effect.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reports initially concerned unidentified footprints in the <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snow</a>, but soon sightings of creatures resembling the Jersey Devil were being reported throughout South Jersey and as far away as <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and western <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The widespread newspaper coverage created fear throughout the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a> prompting a number of <a href="/wiki/Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Schools">schools</a> to close and workers to stay home. <a href="/wiki/Vigilante" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigilante">Vigilante</a> groups and groups of <a href="/wiki/Hunters" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunters">hunters</a> roamed the pines and countrysides in search of the devil.<sup id="cite_ref-bart_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bart-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, it is rumored that the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Zoo" title="Philadelphia Zoo">Philadelphia Zoo</a> posted a $10,000 reward for the creature. The offer prompted a variety of hoaxes, including a <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> equipped with artificial claws and bat wings.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_and_explanation">Description and explanation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Description and explanation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skeptics believe the Jersey Devil to be nothing more than a creative manifestation upon the imaginations of the early English settlers in South Jersey, with plausible natural explanations including: <a href="/wiki/Bogeyman" title="Bogeyman">bogeyman</a> stories created and told by bored Pine Barren residents as a form of children's entertainment; the byproduct of the historical local disdain for the Leeds family; the misidentification of known animals; and rumors based on common negative perceptions of the local rural population of the Pine Barren (known as "<a href="/wiki/Piney_(Pine_Barrens_resident)" title="Piney (Pine Barrens resident)">pineys</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-CSI/SI_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSI/SI-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The frightening reputation of the Pine Barrens may indeed have contributed to the Jersey Devil legend. Historically, the Pine Barrens was considered inhospitable land. <a href="/wiki/Gang" title="Gang">Gangs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Highwaymen">highwaymen</a>, such as the politically disdained <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Brigands" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigands">brigands</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Pine_Robbers" title="Pine Robbers">Pine Robbers</a>, were known to rob and attack travelers passing through the Barrens. During the 18th century and the 19th century, residents of the isolated Pine Barrens were deemed the dregs or <a href="/wiki/Outcast_(person)" title="Outcast (person)">outcasts</a> of society: <a href="/wiki/Yokel" title="Yokel">poor farmers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fugitive" title="Fugitive">fugitives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigand" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigand">brigands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Native Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poachers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">moonshiners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive slave">runaway slaves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">deserting soldiers</a>. So-called pineys have sometimes fostered certain frightening stories about themselves and the Pine Barrens to discourage outsiders or intruders from entering the Barrens. Pineys were further demonized and vilified after two <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> studies were published during the early 20th century, which depicted pineys as <a href="/wiki/Congenital" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital">congenital</a> <a href="/wiki/Idiot" title="Idiot">idiots</a> and criminals, as seen in the research performed on "<a href="/wiki/The_Kallikak_Family" title="The Kallikak Family">The Kallikak Family</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Goddard" title="Henry H. Goddard">Henry H. Goddard</a>, which is now considered biased, inaccurate, unscientific, and, most likely, falsified.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due in part to their isolated and undeveloped nature, the Pine Barrens have themselves fostered various folk legends.<sup id="cite_ref-feewebb_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feewebb-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from the Jersey Devil, many other <a href="/wiki/Legends_and_tales_of_the_New_Jersey_Pine_Barrens" title="Legends and tales of the New Jersey Pine Barrens">legends are associated with the Pine Barrens</a>; supernatural creatures and ghosts said to haunt the pine forests include the ghost of the <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirate</a> <a href="/wiki/Captain_Kidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Kidd">Captain Kidd</a>, who supposedly buried treasure in the Pine Barrens and is sometimes allegedly seen in the company of the Jersey Devil; the ghost of the Black Doctor, the benevolent spirit of an <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> doctor who, after being forbidden from practicing medicine due to his race, entered the Pine Barrens to practice medicine in the isolated communities of the Barrens and is said to still come to the aid of lost or injured travelers; the ghost of the Black Dog, which, unlike many <a href="/wiki/Black_dog_(folklore)" title="Black dog (folklore)">black dog legends</a>, is usually portrayed as harmless; the ghost of the Golden-Haired Girl, the spirit of a girl who is said to be staring out into the sea, dressed in white, mourning the loss of her lover at sea; and the White <a href="/wiki/Stag" class="mw-redirect" title="Stag">Stag</a>, a ghostly white deer said to rescue travelers in the Barrens from danger.<sup id="cite_ref-feewebb_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feewebb-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also folk tales concerning the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Hole_(New_Jersey)" title="Blue Hole (New Jersey)">Blue Hole</a>, an unusually clear blue and rounded body of water located in the Pine Barrens between <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Gloucester_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey">Monroe Township, Gloucester County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winslow_Township,_Camden_County,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Winslow Township, Camden County, New Jersey">Winslow Township, Camden County</a> and often associated with the Jersey Devil.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jeff Brunner of the Humane Society of New Jersey thinks that “<a href="/wiki/Vagrancy_(biology)" title="Vagrancy (biology)">vagrant</a>” <a href="/wiki/Sandhill_crane" title="Sandhill crane">sandhill cranes</a> are partially the basis of the Jersey Devil stories, adding, "There are no photographs, no bones, no hard evidence whatsoever, and worst of all, no explanation of its origins that doesn't require belief in the supernatural."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sandhill cranes are not indigenous or well-known to South Jersey, are approximately the same size as the alleged Jersey Devil, and produce distinctive loud vocalizations; as unfamiliar animals with a distinctively loud, trumpeting call, wayward or vagrant migrating Sandhill cranes that ended up in South Jersey would thus potentially startle or frighten Pine Barren residents at night or under other circumstances in which the animal’s true appearance was unclear. </p><p>Outdoorsman and author <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brown_Jr." title="Tom Brown Jr.">Tom Brown Jr.</a> spent several seasons living in the wilderness of the Pine Barrens. He recounts occasions when terrified hikers mistook him for the Jersey Devil, after he covered his whole body with mud to repel mosquitoes.<sup id="cite_ref-Jr.1995_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr.1995-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medical sociologist Robert E. Bartholomew and author Peter Hassall cite the infamous 1909 series of sightings of the Jersey Devil (and the subsequent public panic) as a classic example of <a href="/wiki/Mass_hysteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass hysteria">mass hysteria</a> begun by a regional <a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">urban legend</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bart_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bart-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One New Jersey group called the "Devil Hunters" refer to themselves as "official researchers of the Jersey Devil", and devote time to collecting reports, visiting historic sites, and going on nocturnal hunts in the Pine Barrens in order to "find proof that the Jersey Devil does in fact exist."<sup id="cite_ref-Barry_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barry-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writing in <a href="/wiki/Jan_Harold_Brunvand" title="Jan Harold Brunvand">Jan Harold Brunvand</a>'s <i>American Folklore: An Encyclopedia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Rutgers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers">Rutgers</a> Professor Angus Kress Gillespie called the Jersey Devil "an obscure regional legend" for most of its existence, and said that "after more than 250 years in oral circulation, the legend of the 'Jersey Devil' has many variations ...". Gillespie cites the Devil's image used on T-shirts, buttons, and postcards, and cocktails named after the Devil, as indications that "the recent history of the Jersey Devil is more in the realm of popular culture than folklore".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoaxes">Hoaxes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hoaxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Stein" title="Gordon Stein">Gordon Stein</a> in <i>Encyclopedia of Hoaxes</i> (1993) noted that the alleged footprints of the Jersey Devil during 1909 resembled a <a href="/wiki/Horse_hoof" title="Horse hoof">horse's hoof</a>. According to Stein, a man later admitted he had faked some of these footprints.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geoff Tibballs in <i>The World's Greatest Hoaxes</i> (2006) has claimed that Norman Jeffries was involved in hoaxing the Jersey Devil: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Norman Jeffries, publicist for <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>'s Arch Street Museum and renowned hoaxer, was well aware of the stories about the Jersey Devil. So when the museum proprietor, T. F. Hopkins, admitted that it was in danger of closure unless Jeffries came up with something to boost attendances, the publicist decided that a captive Jersey Devil would be the ideal crowd-puller.<sup id="cite_ref-Tibballs_2006_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tibballs_2006-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He also planted nonfictional newspaper stories about new sightings of the Devil.<sup id="cite_ref-Tibballs_2006_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tibballs_2006-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1909, Jeffries with his friend Jacob Hope, an animal trainer, purchased a <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Circus" title="Circus">circus</a> and glued artificial claws and bat wings onto it. They declared to the public they had captured the Devil and it was displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a>. Twenty years later, Jeffries admitted to the hoax.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_relevance">Cultural relevance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cultural relevance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jersey_devil_mini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Jersey_devil_mini.jpg/220px-Jersey_devil_mini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Jersey_devil_mini.jpg/330px-Jersey_devil_mini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Jersey_devil_mini.jpg/440px-Jersey_devil_mini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The board game <i>Fearsome Wilderness</i> depicting the Jersey Devil with both frightful and comical attributes</figcaption></figure> <p>In <i>Man and Beast in American Comic Legend</i>, folklorist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dorson" title="Richard Dorson">Richard Dorson</a> outlines six criteria for establishing distinction among legendary creatures of American folklore. While the Jersey Devil was not expressly cited by Dorson, it nevertheless qualifies for this same level of relevance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (February 2022)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> Dorson specifies that the qualifier must: exist in oral tradition, inspire belief and conviction, become personalized and institutionalized, be fanciful or mythical , and contain a "comical side," which endears it to the American public.<sup id="cite_ref-dorson_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dorson-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">Oral tradition</a> of the Jersey Devil well predates printed newspaper accounts, and belief in its existence by many continues. The latter is made evident not only by commentators who elaborate on this possibility but also by investigative programs such as <i>Mother Leeds' 13th Child,</i><sup id="cite_ref-newjereypb_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newjereypb-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>In Search of Monsters</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-travelchannel_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-travelchannel-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lore_(podcast)" title="Lore (podcast)">Lore</a><sup id="cite_ref-lore_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lore-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Monsters_and_Mysteries_in_America" title="Monsters and Mysteries in America">Monsters and Mysteries in America</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-destinationamerica_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-destinationamerica-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a fixture of organizations, it is the namesake for two professional <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> teams. The first, the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Devils" title="Jersey Devils">Jersey Devils</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hockey_League" title="Eastern Hockey League">Eastern Hockey League</a>, played from 1964 until the league folded in 1973. The second, the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>, have played since 1982. The current team was formerly known as the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies_(NHL)" title="Colorado Rockies (NHL)">Colorado Rockies</a>, and their name was chosen by a poll shortly after the team relocated to New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This same trend towards cultural incorporation is further exemplified by the Jersey Devil's appropriation in toy lines, such as its inclusion as a vinyl figure in Cryptozoic Entertainment <i>Cryptkins</i> blind box,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as its application as a motif by <a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Great_Adventure" title="Six Flags Great Adventure">Six Flags Great Adventure</a> for their <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Devil_Coaster" title="Jersey Devil Coaster">Jersey Devil Coaster</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Construction" title="Rocky Mountain Construction">Rocky Mountain Construction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moreover, the Jersey Devil's fanciful or mythical nature is explored in the numerous works of fantasy it makes an appearance in, including: <i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Devil_(video_game)" title="Jersey Devil (video game)">Jersey Devil (video game)</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-behaviourinteractive_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-behaviourinteractive-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_Among_Us" title="The Wolf Among Us">The Wolf Among Us</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-telltalegames_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telltalegames-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/13th_Child" title="13th Child">13th Child</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-paintedzebra_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paintedzebra-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/TMNT_(film)" title="TMNT (film)">TMNT</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-imagi_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imagi-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Adventures_of_Jonny_Quest" title="The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest">The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-cartoonnetwork_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cartoonnetwork-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Barrens_(film)" title="The Barrens (film)">The Barrens</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-genrecompany_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genrecompany-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Carny_(2009_film)" title="Carny (2009 film)">Carny</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-rhi_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhi-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Poptropica" title="Poptropica">Poptropica</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_With_The_Jersey_Devil" class="mw-redirect" title="A Night With The Jersey Devil">A Night With The Jersey Devil</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-springsteen_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springsteen-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Broadcast_(film)" title="The Last Broadcast (film)">The Last Broadcast</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legend_Quest_(2017_TV_series)" title="Legend Quest (2017 TV series)">Legend Quest</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-netflix_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netflix-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/What_We_Do_in_the_Shadows_(TV_series)" title="What We Do in the Shadows (TV series)">What We Do in the Shadows</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-wwdits_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwdits-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Falls" title="Gravity Falls">Gravity Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fallout_76" title="Fallout 76">Fallout 76</a>,</i><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ghostbusters" title="Extreme Ghostbusters">Extreme Ghostbusters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supernatural_(American_TV_series)" title="Supernatural (American TV series)">Supernatural</a></i>; many of which, such as <i>TMNT</i> and <i>Jersey Devil</i> (video game), not only reflect the Jersey Devil's mythical character but exemplify its comical nature as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belled_buzzard" title="Belled buzzard">Belled buzzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lick_Monster" title="Pope Lick Monster">Pope Lick Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_Demon" title="Dover Demon">Dover Demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearsome_critters" title="Fearsome critters">Fearsome critters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatman_(urban_legend)" title="Goatman (urban legend)">Goatman (urban legend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothman" title="Mothman">Mothman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasquatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasquatch">Sasquatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snallygaster" title="Snallygaster">Snallygaster</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fee-Webb_2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fee-Webb_2016_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fee-Webb_2016_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFeeWebb2016" class="citation book cs1">Fee, Christopher R.; Webb, Jeffrey B., eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kXnEDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA523">"Jersey Devil"</a>. <i>American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore</i>. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. pp. 523–525. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610695671" title="Special:BookSources/9781610695671"><bdi>9781610695671</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2015050529">2015050529</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/954734705">954734705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jersey+Devil&rft.btitle=American+Myths%2C+Legends%2C+and+Tall+Tales%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+American+Folklore&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=523-525&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F954734705&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2015050529&rft.isbn=9781610695671&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkXnEDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonMunn" class="citation cs2">Johnson, Carol; Munn, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlantic-county.org/history/jersey-devil-pg1.asp"><i>Jersey Devil-Fact or Fiction?</i></a>, Atlantic County and the Government<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jersey+Devil-Fact+or+Fiction%3F&rft.pub=Atlantic+County+and+the+Government&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.au=Munn%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatlantic-county.org%2Fhistory%2Fjersey-devil-pg1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mccloy-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mccloy_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mccloy_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mccloy_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Jersey Devil</i>, by James F. McCloy and Ray Miller Jr., Middle Atlantic Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912608-11-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-912608-11-0">0-912608-11-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204044250/http://www.pinelandsalliance.org/history/devil/">"The Jersey Devil & Pine Barrens Folklore – New Jersey Pine Barrens"</a>. Pinelands Preservation Alliance. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinelandsalliance.org/history/devil/">the original</a> on 2013-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jersey+Devil+%26+Pine+Barrens+Folklore+%E2%80%93+New+Jersey+Pine+Barrens&rft.pub=Pinelands+Preservation+Alliance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinelandsalliance.org%2Fhistory%2Fdevil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods1957" class="citation journal cs1">Woods, Barbara A. (January 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1497076">"Jersey Devil"</a>. <i>Western Folklore</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1497076">10.2307/1497076</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1497076">1497076</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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B B& A Publishers, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0912608198" title="Special:BookSources/978-0912608198">978-0912608198</a>. Accessed September 24, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homer, larona C.; and Bock, William Sauts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lKNUOeyX748C&q=%22black+dog%22+%22pine+barrens%22"><i>Blackbeard the pirate and other stories of the Pine Barrens</i></a>, pp. 90–92. Middle Atlantic Press, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0912608105" title="Special:BookSources/978-0912608105">978-0912608105</a>. Accessed September 24, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ue1YmckCMC4C&pg=PA82"><i>Just Around the Corner, in New Jersey</i></a>, pp. 82, ff. B B& A Publishers, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0912608174" title="Special:BookSources/978-0912608174">978-0912608174</a>. Accessed September 24, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolhamus2015" class="citation news cs1">Polhamus, Andy (January 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/gloucester-county/index.ssf/2014/12/blue_hole_hike_in_monroe_township_shares_history_dispels_myths_of_south_jersey_landmark.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Blue Hole' hike in Monroe Township shares history, dispels myths of South Jersey landmark"</a>. <i>NJ.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NJ.com&rft.atitle=%27Blue+Hole%27+hike+in+Monroe+Township+shares+history%2C+dispels+myths+of+South+Jersey+landmark&rft.date=2015-01-25&rft.aulast=Polhamus&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fgloucester-county%2Findex.ssf%2F2014%2F12%2Fblue_hole_hike_in_monroe_township_shares_history_dispels_myths_of_south_jersey_landmark.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121009043855/http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/102397/cover.jerseydevil.shtml">"The Devil Went Down To Jersey"</a>. Archives.citypaper.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/102397/cover.jerseydevil.shtml">the original</a> on 2012-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Devil+Went+Down+To+Jersey&rft.pub=Archives.citypaper.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.citypaper.net%2Farticles%2F102397%2Fcover.jerseydevil.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jr.1995-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jr.1995_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Brown_Jr.1995" class="citation book cs1">Tom Brown Jr. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X2I8AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Way of the Scout</i></a>. Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-425-14779-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-425-14779-5"><bdi>978-0-425-14779-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Way+of+the+Scout&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Penguin+Group+%28USA%29+Incorporated&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-425-14779-5&rft.au=Tom+Brown+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX2I8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barry-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barry_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry2008" class="citation news cs1">Barry, Dan (8 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/08/us/08land.html">"THIS LAND; In the Wilds of New Jersey, a Legend Inspires a Hunt"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THIS+LAND%3B+In+the+Wilds+of+New+Jersey%2C+a+Legend+Inspires+a+Hunt&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2008-09-08&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F09%2F08%2Fus%2F08land.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunvand1998" class="citation book cs1">Brunvand, Jan Harold (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l0N_sedAATAC&q=1909+jersey+devil+Brunvand&pg=PA408"><i>American folklore</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-3350-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-3350-0"><bdi>978-0-8153-3350-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+folklore&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-3350-0&rft.aulast=Brunvand&rft.aufirst=Jan+Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl0N_sedAATAC%26q%3D1909%2Bjersey%2Bdevil%2BBrunvand%26pg%3DPA408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Stein" title="Gordon Stein">Stein, Gordon</a>. (1993). <i>Encyclopedia of Hoaxes</i>. Gale Group. pp. 253–254. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8103-8414-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8103-8414-0">0-8103-8414-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tibballs_2006-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tibballs_2006_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tibballs_2006_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tibballs, Geoff. (2006). <i>The World's Greatest Hoaxes</i>. Barnes & Noble. p. 198. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0760782224" title="Special:BookSources/978-0760782224">978-0760782224</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, Edward; White, Thomas. (2011). <i>Forgotten Tales of Philadelphia</i>. The History Press. pp. 27–28. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1609492700" title="Special:BookSources/978-1609492700">978-1609492700</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Capo, Fran. (2012). <i>It Happened in New Jersey</i>. Globe Pequot Press. p. 18. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0762764785" title="Special:BookSources/978-0762764785">978-0762764785</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dorson-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dorson_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorson1982" class="citation book cs1">Dorson, Richard (1982). <i>Man and Beast in American Comic Legend</i>. Bloomington, IL: Indiana Univ. Press. pp. 12–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+and+Beast+in+American+Comic+Legend&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IL&rft.pages=12-14&rft.pub=Indiana+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Dorson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newjereypb-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newjereypb_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiseman1974" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Wiseman, Jack (narrator) (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/24155/"><i>Mother Leeds' 13th Child</i></a> (television special). <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Network" title="New Jersey Network">New Jersey Public Broadcasting</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mother+Leeds%27+13th+Child&rft.pub=New+Jersey+Public+Broadcasting&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Wiseman&rft.aufirst=Jack+%28narrator%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frucore.libraries.rutgers.edu%2Frutgers-lib%2F24155%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-travelchannel-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-travelchannel_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKunda2019" class="citation episode cs1">Kunda, Gabe (narrator) (24 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchannel.com/shows/in-search-of-monsters/episodes/the-jersey-devil">"The Jersey Devil"</a>. <i>In Search of Monsters</i>. Season 1. Episode 4. Travel Channel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Monsters&rft.series=Season+1.+Episode+4&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft.aulast=Kunda&rft.aufirst=Gabe+%28narrator%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelchannel.com%2Fshows%2Fin-search-of-monsters%2Fepisodes%2Fthe-jersey-devil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lore-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lore_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaron_Mahnke2019" class="citation podcast cs1">Aaron Mahnke (February 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorepodcast.com/episodes/9">"A Devil on the Roof"</a>. <i>LorePodcast.com</i> (Podcast). Aaron Mahnke<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Destination America<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monsters+and+Mysteries+in+America&rft.series=Season+2.+Episode+8&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Roger+%28narrator%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.destinationamerica.com%2Ftv-shows%2Fmonsters-mysteries-in-america%2Fvideos%2Fjersey-devil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMifflinKatz,_Michael1982" class="citation news cs1">Mifflin, Lawrie; Katz, Michael (1982-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40E17F8395F0C738FDDAF0894DA484D81&n=Top%2fNews%2fSports%2fHockey%2fNational%20Hockey%20League%2fNew%20Jersey%20Devils">"SCOUTING; 'Jersey Devils' Wins Name Poll"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=SCOUTING%3B+%27Jersey+Devils%27+Wins+Name+Poll&rft.date=1982-06-30&rft.aulast=Mifflin&rft.aufirst=Lawrie&rft.au=Katz%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF40E17F8395F0C738FDDAF0894DA484D81%26n%3DTop%252fNews%252fSports%252fHockey%252fNational%2520Hockey%2520League%252fNew%2520Jersey%2520Devils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhluniforms.com/Devils/Devils.html">"Jersey Devils – hockey uniforms"</a>. sportsK<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Six+Flags%27+Jersey+Devil+ride+will+be+%27world%27s+tallest%2C+fastest%2C+longest%27+single+rail+coaster&rft.date=2019-08-31&rft.aulast=Puhak&rft.aufirst=Janine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Ftravel%2Fsix-flags-new-jersey-devil-ride&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/jersey-devil-six-flags-roller-coaster/index.html">"Jersey Devil, world's tallest single-rail coaster, opens at Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. 14 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Jersey+Devil%2C+world%27s+tallest+single-rail+coaster%2C+opens+at+Six+Flags+Great+Adventure+in+New+Jersey&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fjersey-devil-six-flags-roller-coaster%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowry1995" class="citation book cs1">Lowry, Brian (1995). <i>The Truth Is Out There: The Official Guide to the X Files</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0002557023" title="Special:BookSources/978-0002557023"><bdi>978-0002557023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Truth+Is+Out+There%3A+The+Official+Guide+to+the+X+Files&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0002557023&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-behaviourinteractive-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-behaviourinteractive_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehaviour_Interactive1997" class="citation book cs1">Behaviour Interactive (1997). <i>Jersey Devil</i> (PlayStation and Windows).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jersey+Devil&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Behaviour+Interactive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telltalegames-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telltalegames_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTelltale_Games2013" class="citation book cs1">Telltale Games (2013). <i>The Wolf Among Us</i> (Windows). 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Painted Zebra Productions.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=13th+Child&rft.pub=Painted+Zebra+Productions&rft.date=2002-10-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imagi-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imagi_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Munroe, Kevin (directors) (March 17, 2007). <i>TMNT</i> (Motion picture). Imagi Animation Studios.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TMNT&rft.pub=Imagi+Animation+Studios&rft.date=2007-03-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cartoonnetwork-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cartoonnetwork_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalachRoth1996" class="citation episode cs1">Malach, Matthew (writer); Roth, J.D. (voice) (September 17, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warnerbros.com/tv/jonny-quest-real-adventures-season-1-vol-2">"The Spectre of the Pine Barrens"</a>. <i>The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest</i>. Season 1. Episode 17. Cartoon Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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RHI Entertainment.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carny&rft.pub=RHI+Entertainment&rft.date=2009-04-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-springsteen-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-springsteen_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6leNRGhOqA">Video</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-netflix-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-netflix_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAurelioRodríguez2017" class="citation episode cs1">Aurelio, Marco (director); Rodríguez, Ibarra (Director) (February 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netflix.com/title/80081863">"Jersey Devil"</a>. <i>Legend Quest</i>. Season 1. Episode 2. Netflix<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legend+Quest&rft.series=Season+1.+Episode+2&rft.date=2017-02-24&rft.aulast=Aurelio&rft.aufirst=Marco+%28director%29&rft.au=Rodr%C3%ADguez%2C+Ibarra+%28Director%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.netflix.com%2Ftitle%2F80081863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwdits-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wwdits_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewacheck2022" class="citation episode cs1">Newacheck, Kyle (director) (August 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/what-we-do-in-the-shadows">"Pine Barrens"</a>. <i>What We Do in the Shadows</i>. Season 4. Episode 7. FX<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+We+Do+in+the+Shadows&rft.series=Season+4.+Episode+7&rft.date=2022-08-17&rft.aulast=Newacheck&rft.aufirst=Kyle+%28director%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fxnetworks.com%2Fshows%2Fwhat-we-do-in-the-shadows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sg.news.yahoo.com/fallout-76-atlantic-city-america-171015225.html">"Fallout 76 Atlantic City - America's Playground arrives on Xbox and Windows PC"</a>. <i>Yahoo News</i>. 2024-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Fallout+76+Atlantic+City+-+America%27s+Playground+arrives+on+Xbox+and+Windows+PC&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsg.news.yahoo.com%2Ffallout-76-atlantic-city-america-171015225.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relevant_literature">Relevant literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relevant literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Regal, Brian and Frank J. Esposito (2018). <i>The Secret History of the Jersey Devil: How Quakers, Hucksters, and Benjamin Franklin Created a Monster.</i> Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1421424897" title="Special:BookSources/978-1421424897">978-1421424897</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Devil&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jersey_Devil" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jersey Devil">Jersey Devil</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204044250/http://www.pinelandsalliance.org/history/devil/">Pinelands Preservation Alliance – Jersey Devil Hunt & Pinelands Folklore</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727124432/http://www.njdigitalhighway.org/jersey_devil_ever.php"><i>What is the Jersey Devil</i> New Jersey Digital Highway</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Dunning, Brian</a> (November 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4282">"Skeptoid #282: The Jersey Devis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)#Skeptoid_podcasts" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Skeptoid</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptoid&rft.atitle=Skeptoid+%23282%3A+The+Jersey+Devis&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskeptoid.com%2Fepisodes%2F4282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJersey+Devil" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIzn7xF6JCs">Jean Shepherd - Jersey Devil 1977/03/22</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salishan_oral_narratives" title="Salishan oral narratives">Salishan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folk heroes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Appleseed" title="Johnny Appleseed">Johnny Appleseed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfego_Baca" title="Elfego Baca">Elfego Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%27er_Rabbit" title="Br'er Rabbit">Br'er Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridger" title="Jim Bridger">Jim Bridger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bunyan" title="Paul Bunyan">Paul Bunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">Davy Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Fink" title="Mike Fink">Mike Fink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(folklore)" title="John Henry (folklore)">John Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamity_Jane" title="Calamity Jane">Calamity Jane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Jones" title="Casey Jones">Casey Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Pitcher" title="Molly Pitcher">Molly Pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ola_V%C3%A4rml%C3%A4nning" title="Ola Värmlänning">Ola Värmlänning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Idiomatic figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Average_Joe" title="Average Joe">Average Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooter_Brown" title="Cooter Brown">Cooter Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Robinson_(mythical_person)" title="Jack Robinson (mythical person)">Jack Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hide" title="Sam Hide">Sam Hide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fearsome_critters" title="Fearsome critters">Fearsome critters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agropelter" title="Agropelter">Agropelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axehandle_hound" title="Axehandle hound">Axehandle hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball-tailed_cat" title="Ball-tailed cat">Ball-tailed cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belled_buzzard" title="Belled buzzard">Belled buzzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactus_cat" title="Cactus cat">Cactus cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(folklore)" title="Champ (folklore)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungavenhooter" title="Dungavenhooter">Dungavenhooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur-bearing_trout" title="Fur-bearing trout">Fur-bearing trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillygaloo" title="Gillygaloo">Gillygaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glawackus" title="Glawackus">Glawackus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goofus_bird" title="Goofus bird">Goofus bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumberoo" title="Gumberoo">Gumberoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidebehind" title="Hidebehind">Hidebehind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodag" title="Hodag">Hodag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoop_snake" title="Hoop snake">Hoop snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugag" title="Hugag">Hugag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackalope" title="Jackalope">Jackalope</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jersey Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_snake" title="Joint snake">Joint snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidehill_gouger" title="Sidehill gouger">Sidehill gouger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snallygaster" title="Snallygaster">Snallygaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snipe_hunt" title="Snipe hunt">Snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_snake_(folklore)" title="Snow snake (folklore)">Snow snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splintercat" title="Splintercat">Splintercat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squonk" title="Squonk">Squonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teakettler" title="Teakettler">Teakettler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampus_cat" title="Wampus cat">Wampus cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ghosts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Witch" title="Bell Witch">Bell Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Ghosts of the American Civil War">Ghosts of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_ghost" title="Lincoln's ghost">Lincoln's ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Llorona" title="La Llorona">La Llorona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ghost_(folklore)" title="Red Ghost (folklore)">Red Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lady#United_States" title="White Lady">White Lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_Monster" title="Bear Lake Monster">Bear Lake Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodstopping" title="Bloodstopping">Bloodstopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campfire_story" title="Campfire story">Campfire story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_gold" title="Confederate gold">Confederate gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Youth" title="Fountain of Youth">Fountain of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatman_(urban_legend)" title="Goatman (urban legend)">Goatman (urban legend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake_whale_hoax" title="Great Salt Lake whale hoax">Great Salt Lake whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Dutchman%27s_Gold_Mine" title="Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine">Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Ship_of_the_Desert" title="Lost Ship of the Desert">Lost Ship of the Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madstone_(folklore)" title="Madstone (folklore)">Madstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Brown_vampire_incident" title="Mercy Brown vampire incident">Mercy Brown vampire incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothman" title="Mothman">Mothman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_Monster" title="North Shore Monster">North Shore Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Cities_of_Gold" title="Seven Cities of Gold">Seven Cities of Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailypo" title="Tailypo">Tailypo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Westerns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">Cowboys</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vaquero" title="Vaquero">Vaqueros</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Africans" title="Flying Africans">Flying Africans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Remus" title="Uncle Remus">Uncle Remus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary folk heroes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bulltop_Stormalong" title="Alfred Bulltop Stormalong">Alfred Bulltop Stormalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Christmas" title="Annie Christmas">Annie Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Jonathan" title="Brother Jonathan">Brother Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_at_the_Bat" title="Casey at the Bat">Casey at the Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordwood_Pete" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordwood Pete">Cordwood Pete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeline" title="Evangeline">Evangeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febold_Feboldson" title="Febold Feboldson">Febold Feboldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichabod_Crane" title="Ichabod Crane">Ichabod Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Magarac" title="Joe Magarac">Joe Magarac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Kaw" title="Johnny Kaw">Johnny Kaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Morgan" title="Kemp Morgan">Kemp Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mose_Humphrey" title="Mose Humphrey">Mose Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Pete" title="Ole Pete">Ole Pete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_Bill" title="Pecos Bill">Pecos Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Beaver" title="Tony Beaver">Tony Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windwagon_Smith" title="Windwagon Smith">Windwagon Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668330#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at 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