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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Chichen_Itza_%283326547826%29.jpg/300px-Chichen_Itza_%283326547826%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Chichen_Itza_%283326547826%29.jpg/450px-Chichen_Itza_%283326547826%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Chichen_Itza_%283326547826%29.jpg/600px-Chichen_Itza_%283326547826%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/El_Castillo,_Chichen_Itza" title="El Castillo, Chichen Itza">Temple of Kukulcan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chichen_Itza" title="Chichen Itza">Chichen Itza</a> located on top of Kukulcan pyramid</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>archaeology of the Americas</b> is the study of the <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a> of the Western Hemisphere, including <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>), <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. This includes the study of pre-historic/<a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">Pre-Columbian</a> and historic <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous American peoples</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Historical_archaeology" title="Historical archaeology">historical archaeology</a> of more recent eras, including the Trans-Atlantic slave trade and European colonization. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology">Chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_the_Americas" title="Category:Archaeological sites in the Americas">Category:Archaeological sites in the Americas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Pre-Columbian_archaeological_sites" title="Category:Pre-Columbian archaeological sites">Category:Pre-Columbian archaeological sites</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a> is the term generally used to encompass all time period subdivisions in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Americas" title="History of the Americas">history of the Americas</a> spanning the time from the original <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_migration_and_settlement_of_the_Americas_from_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric migration and settlement of the Americas from Asia">settlement of the Americas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> until the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization of the Americas</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>. While technically referring to the era before the voyages of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> from AD 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">American indigenous cultures</a> until the 18th or 19th century. In more recent decades, archaeological scholarship has extended to include enslaved Africans and European and Asian migrant populations. </p><p>The pre-Columbian archaeological record in the Americas has conventionally been divided into five phases based on an enduring system established by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willey" title="Gordon Willey">Gordon Willey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Phillips_(archaeologist)" title="Philip Phillips (archaeologist)">Philip Phillips</a>'s 1958 book <i>Method and Theory in American Archaeology</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Method_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Method-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their chronology differs from <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">old world prehistory</a> from Europe and Asia which uses the <a href="/wiki/Three-age_system" title="Three-age system">three-age system</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> divided into <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, remain in general use. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Folsom_point.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Folsom_point.png" decoding="async" width="129" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom projectile point</a>.<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1961</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Numerous regional and sub-regional divisions have since been defined to distinguish various cultures through time and space, as later archaeologists recognized that these generalised stages did not adequately correspond to the cultural variation that existed in different locations in the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-Method_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Method-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic stage</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Defined by the ostensible prevalence of big-game hunting. In most places, this can be dated to before 8000 BCE, starting most probably around 16,500 BCE (see <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a>). Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folsom_tradition" title="Folsom tradition">Folsom tradition</a> groups.</dd></dl> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Archaic_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic stage">Archaic stage</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Defined by the increasingly intensive gathering of wild resources with the decline of the big-game hunting lifestyle. Typically, Archaic cultures can be dated from 8000 to 1000 BCE. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Southwest" title="Archaic Southwest">Archaic Southwest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_small_tool_tradition" title="Arctic small tool tradition">Arctic small tool tradition</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a> culture, and the <a href="/wiki/Chan-Chan" title="Chan-Chan">Chan-Chan</a> culture in southern Chile.</dd></dl> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative stage</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Defined as "village agriculture" based. Most of these can be dated from 1000 BCE to 500 CE. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Dorset_culture" title="Dorset culture">Dorset culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec civilization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mimbres_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimbres culture">Mimbres culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olmec" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmec">Olmec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian cultures</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Classic_stage" title="Classic stage">Classic stage</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_in_1000_BCE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/World_in_1000_BCE.png/240px-World_in_1000_BCE.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/World_in_1000_BCE.png/360px-World_in_1000_BCE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/World_in_1000_BCE.png/480px-World_in_1000_BCE.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2234" /></a><figcaption>Simplified map of subsistence methods at 1000 BCE <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FEFE00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">Hunter-gatherers</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00FE00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Simple farming societies</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FE7334; color:black;"> </span> Complex farming societies (<a href="/wiki/Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chorrera_culture" title="Chorrera culture">Chorrera</a>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7575ff; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">Ancient advanced states</a></div></figcaption></figure> <dl><dd>Defined as "early civilizations", and typically dating from 500 to 1200 CE. Willey and Phillips considered only cultures from Mesoamerica and Peru to have achieved this level of complexity. Examples include the early <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Toltec" title="Toltec">Toltec</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Post-Classic_stage" title="Post-Classic stage">Post-Classic stage</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Defined as "later prehispanic civilizations" and typically dated from 1200 CE until the advent of European colonisation. The late <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a>, the Incan civilization, and the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a> cultures were Post-Classic.</dd></dl> <p>Today, for Meso- and Andean South America, the later periods are more often classified using the "Horizon" terminology, with "Early Horizon" typically broadly equating to the Late Formative stage. "Horizons" are periods of cultural stability and political unity, with "Intermediate periods" covering the politically fragmented transition between them. In the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>, there are three Horizon periods, with two Intermediate periods between them. The Horizons, and their dominant cultures are: Early Horizon, <a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_culture" title="Chavín culture">Chavin</a>; Middle Horizon, <a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku" title="Tiwanaku">Tiwanaku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wari_culture" title="Wari culture">Wari culture</a>; Late Horizon, <a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_regions">Major regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">List of archaeological periods (North America)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_North_America" title="Category:Archaeological sites in North America">Category:Archaeological sites in North America</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NAGPRA">NAGPRA</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: NAGPRA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1990, in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Physical_anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical anthropology">physical anthropology</a> and archaeological investigations based on the study of human remains are influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act</a>, (NAGPRA), which provides for the bodies of Native Americans and associated <a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">grave goods</a> to be turned over to the recognized tribal body most legally affiliated with the remains; the law applies only to culturally identifiable remains and artefacts found on federally owned public land. In some cases, notably, that of <a href="/wiki/Kennewick_Man" title="Kennewick Man">Kennewick Man</a>, these laws have been subject to close judicial scrutiny and great intellectual conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesoamerica_geo_location.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="We can see that Mesoamerica its between Zacatecas and Aguascalientes, Mexico, & Nicaragua and El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mesoamerica_geo_location.png/260px-Mesoamerica_geo_location.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mesoamerica_geo_location.png/390px-Mesoamerica_geo_location.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mesoamerica_geo_location.png/520px-Mesoamerica_geo_location.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>Exact location of Mesoamerica</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(Mesoamerica)" title="List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)">List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Mesoamerican_sites" title="Category:Mesoamerican sites">Category:Mesoamerican sites</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> is a region and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_area" title="Cultural area">cultural area</a> in the Americas, extending approximately from central <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> to <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, within which a number of <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">societies</a> flourished before the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonization of the Americas</a> in the 15th and 16th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prehistoric groups in this area are characterized by <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> villages and large ceremonial and politico-religious capitals<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This culture area included some of the most complex and advanced <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultures</a> of the Americas, including the <a href="/wiki/Olmec" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmec">Olmec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a>, the most powerful tribe of Mesoamerica in their time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_South_America" title="Category:Archaeological sites in South America">Category:Archaeological sites in South America</a></div><p>Important South American societies include <a href="/wiki/Moche_culture" title="Moche culture">the Moche</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Incan_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="The Incan Empire">the Inca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wari_culture" title="Wari culture">the Wari</a>. </p><p>Important South American archaeological sites include: <a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar" title="Chavín de Huántar">Chavín de Huántar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pikillaqta" title="Pikillaqta">Pikillaqta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku" title="Tiwanaku">Tiwanaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monte_Verde" title="Monte Verde">Monte Verde</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Upano_Valley_sites" title="Upano Valley sites">Upano Valley sites</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_America">Central America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Central America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Central America is a region and cultural area in the Americas located south of Mesoamerica extending from Nicaragua to the southern border of Panama. Important sites include the <a href="/wiki/Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica" title="Stone spheres of Costa Rica">Stone Spheres</a> of Costa Rica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeogenetics">Archaeogenetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Archaeogenetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Y-DNA_haplogroups_in_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Y-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Molecular_genetics" title="Molecular genetics">Molecular genetics</a> study suggests that <i>surviving</i> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindian</a> populations derived from a theoretical single <a href="/wiki/Founder_effect" title="Founder effect">founding population</a>, possibly from only 50 to 70 genetic contributors.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preliminary research, restricted to only 9 genomic regions (or <a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">loci</a>) have shown a genetic link between original Americas and Asia populations. The study does not address the question of separate migrations for these groups, and excludes other DNA data-sets.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Human_Genetics" title="American Journal of Human Genetics">American Journal of Human Genetics</a> released an article in 2007 stating "Here we show, by using 86 complete <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondrial">mitochondrial</a> <a href="/wiki/Genomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Genomes">genomes</a>, that all Indigenous American <a href="/wiki/Haplogroups" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroups">haplogroups</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup X (mtDNA)">Haplogroup X (mtDNA)</a>, were part of a single founding population."<sup id="cite_ref-dnaa_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnaa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amerindian groups in the Bering Strait region exhibit perhaps the strongest DNA or mitochondrial DNA relations to <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Siberia" title="Indigenous peoples of Siberia">Siberian peoples</a>. The genetic diversity of Amerindian indigenous groups increase with distance from the assumed entry point into the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-mmm_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmm-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain genetic diversity patterns from West to East suggest at least some coastal migration events.<sup id="cite_ref-PLoSb_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLoSb-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geneticists have variously estimated that peoples of Asia and the Americas were part of the same population from 42,000 to 21,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagundes_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagundes-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_finds">Archaeological finds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Archaeological finds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico-3487_-_Avenue_of_the_Dead_(2214741272).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mexico-3487_-_Avenue_of_the_Dead_%282214741272%29.jpg/220px-Mexico-3487_-_Avenue_of_the_Dead_%282214741272%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mexico-3487_-_Avenue_of_the_Dead_%282214741272%29.jpg/330px-Mexico-3487_-_Avenue_of_the_Dead_%282214741272%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mexico-3487_-_Avenue_of_the_Dead_%282214741272%29.jpg/440px-Mexico-3487_-_Avenue_of_the_Dead_%282214741272%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan#Site_layout" title="Teotihuacan">Avenue of the Dead</a> in <a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machu_Picchu_(7914096100).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Machu_Picchu_%287914096100%29.jpg/220px-Machu_Picchu_%287914096100%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Machu_Picchu_%287914096100%29.jpg/330px-Machu_Picchu_%287914096100%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Machu_Picchu_%287914096100%29.jpg/440px-Machu_Picchu_%287914096100%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The iconic <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a>, symbol of the Inca civilization</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steinkreis_Burnt_Hill_Massachusetts_gross.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Steinkreis_Burnt_Hill_Massachusetts_gross.jpg/220px-Steinkreis_Burnt_Hill_Massachusetts_gross.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Steinkreis_Burnt_Hill_Massachusetts_gross.jpg/330px-Steinkreis_Burnt_Hill_Massachusetts_gross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Steinkreis_Burnt_Hill_Massachusetts_gross.jpg/440px-Steinkreis_Burnt_Hill_Massachusetts_gross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Burnt Hill Stone Circle, <a href="/wiki/Heath,_Massachusetts" title="Heath, Massachusetts">Heath, Massachusetts</a>, USA</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 2021, archaeologists from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="University of Buenos Aires">University of Buenos Aires</a>–<a href="/wiki/National_Scientific_and_Technical_Research_Council" title="National Scientific and Technical Research Council">National Scientific and Technical Research Council</a> announced the discovery of 12 graves dated to 6,000-1,300 years ago in <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Northwest" title="Argentine Northwest">Argentine Northwest</a>. Researchers also revealed necklaces and pendants next to some of the bodies. According to archaeologist Leticia Cortés, there were many kinds of <a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">burial</a> methods, in individual or collective graves, and also in the posture of the bodies. Some were hyperflexed, like squatting, with the shoulders touching the knees.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, 9000-year-old remains of a female hunter along with a toolkit of <a href="/wiki/Projectile_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Projectile points">projectile points</a> and animal processing implements were discovered at the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andean</a> site of Wilamaya Patjxa, <a href="/wiki/Puno_District" title="Puno District">Puno District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2021, archaeologists announced the remains of eight 800-year-old bodies nearby ancient town of <a href="/wiki/Chilca,_Ca%C3%B1ete" title="Chilca, Cañete">Chilca</a>. Bodies included adults and children who were covered in plant material before being buried. Some dishes and musical instruments were uncovered as well. Researchers think remains belong to the Chilca culture, which was apart from other pre-Hispanic cultures in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A mummy that is approximately 800 years old that is believed to be of pre-Inca cultures was found at the site of <a href="/wiki/Cajamarquilla_District" title="Cajamarquilla District">Cajamarquilla</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> in November 2021. Researchers reported that the mummy was tied with strings, covering his face with his hands, so they assumed it was a southern Peruvian funeral custom.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2022, archaeologists announced the discovery of six mummified children thought to have been sacrificed, probably to accompany a dead elite man to the afterlife. According to archaeologist Pieter Van Dalen, 1,000-1,200 years old mummies were probably relatives and placed one above the other in different parts of the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2022, archaeologists reported the discovery of 1,400-year-old remains of the Mayan site so-called Xiol on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida</a>. They also uncovered a large central plaza and at least 12 buildings, workshops, burial places of adults and children, and an <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> that served a ritual purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2022, archaeologists from the Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) announced the discovery of a 1,300-year-old nine-inch-tall plaster head statue indicating a young <a href="/wiki/Hun_Hunahpu" title="Hun Hunahpu">Hun Hunahpu</a>, the Maya's mythological maize god. The figure's <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">semi-shaved haircut</a> that resembles ripe corn gives reason to the possibility that it is a young maize god. Researchers assume that the Mayan inhabitants of Palenque possibly placed a large stone statuette over a pond to represent the entrance to the underworld. According to archaeologist Arnoldo González Cruz, the Mayan people symbolically shuttered the pool by breaking up some of the plaster and filling it with animal remains, including pottery fragments, carved bone remains, shells, obsidian arrowheads, beads, vegetables, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_the_Americas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Archaeology of the Americas">Archaeology of the Americas</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borax_Lake_Site" title="Borax Lake Site">Borax Lake Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico_Early_Man_Site" title="Calico Early Man Site">Calico Early Man Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_las_Manos" title="Cueva de las Manos">Cueva de las Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_periods_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural periods of Peru">Cultural periods of Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarrero_Cave" title="Guitarrero Cave">Guitarrero Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Americas" title="History of the Americas">History of the Americas</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_complex" title="La Jolla complex">La Jolla complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Columbian_civilizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pre-Columbian civilizations">List of pre-Columbian civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mesoamerican_pyramids" title="List of Mesoamerican pyramids">List of Mesoamerican pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzia_Woman" title="Luzia Woman">Luzia Woman</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Mesoamerican chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_Cave" title="Mummy Cave">Mummy Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_Classification" title="Pecos Classification">Pecos Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Pattern" title="Post Pattern">Post Pattern</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian South America">Pre-Columbian South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Southwestern_cultural_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Southwestern cultural divisions">Prehistoric Southwestern cultural divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Dieguito_complex" title="San Dieguito complex">San Dieguito complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Tenochtitl%C3%A1n" title="San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán">San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Indigenous_people" class="mw-redirect" title="South American Indigenous people">South American Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Method-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Method_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Method_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120628025551/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6136197">"Method and Theory in American Archaeology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willey" title="Gordon Willey">Gordon Willey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Phillips_(archaeologist)" title="Philip Phillips (archaeologist)">Philip Phillips</a></i>. University of Chicago. 1958. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6136197">the original</a> on 2012-06-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gordon+Willey+and+Philip+Phillips&rft.atitle=Method+and+Theory+in+American+Archaeology&rft.date=1958&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FPM.qst%3Fa%3Do%26d%3D6136197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchaeology+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Essential Humanities. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essential-humanities.net/world-history/meso-south-america/">History of Precolonial Meso/South America</a>". 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archaeology_of_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archaeology_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Archaeology of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Barbados (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Brazil" title="Archaeology of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Haiti (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Paraguay (page does not exist)">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Falkland_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of the Falkland Islands (page does not exist)">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of North America">North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of Central America (page does not exist)">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_the_Caribbean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeology of the Caribbean (page does not exist)">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology of South America">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #FFDD99"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Template:Indigenous peoples of the Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Template talk:Indigenous peoples of the Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous peoples of the Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Pre-history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Classification</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean_hypothesis" title="Solutrean hypothesis">Solutrean hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Americas_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/180px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/240px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Mythology/Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Mythologies</a>‎ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_deities" title="List of Native American deities">List of deities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_pre-Columbian_cultures" title="Human sacrifice in pre-Columbian cultures">Human sacrifice</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arborglyph" title="Arborglyph">Arborglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_World_(mythology)" title="Fifth World (mythology)">Fifth World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_man" title="Medicine man">Medicine man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">Medicine wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_red_road" title="The red road">The red road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totem_pole" title="Totem pole">Totem pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Island" title="Turtle Island">Turtle Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">Mesoamerica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">Common</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_cosmovision" title="Mesoamerican cosmovision">Cosmovision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_creation_myths" title="Mesoamerican creation myths">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_world_tree" title="Mesoamerican world tree">World tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">Variations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Inca_Empire" title="Religion in the Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Muisca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Columbian_cultures" title="List of pre-Columbian cultures">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_civilizations" title="Andean civilizations">Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_cultures_of_Colombia" title="Pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Ecuador" title="Pre-Columbian Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_pre-Columbian_Peru" title="Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru">Peru</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Art" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_art" title="Pre-Columbian art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Painting_in_the_Americas_before_European_colonization" title="Painting in the Americas before European colonization">Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_artists_of_the_Americas" title="List of Indigenous artists of the Americas">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_writers_of_the_Americas" title="List of Indigenous writers of the Americas">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">European<br />colonization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Population history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Modern groups<br />by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#North_America" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#Belize" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Costa_Rica" title="Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinago" title="Kalinago">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Honduras" title="Indigenous peoples of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Indigenous peoples of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Nicaragua" title="Indigenous peoples of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Panama" title="Indigenous peoples of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_First_Peoples_Community" title="Santa Rosa First Peoples Community">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="Indigenous peoples of South America">South America</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="List of Indigenous peoples of South America">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina" title="Indigenous peoples in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Bolivia" title="Indigenous peoples in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Ecuador" title="Indigenous peoples in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Guyana" title="Indigenous peoples in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay" title="Indigenous peoples in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Peru" title="Indigenous peoples of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Suriname" title="Indigenous peoples in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Uruguay" title="Indigenous peoples in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Venezuela" title="Indigenous peoples in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_ethnobotany" title="Native American ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_ethnobotany" title="Cherokee ethnobotany">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_ethnobotany" title="Iroquois ethnobotany">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_ethnobotany" title="Navajo ethnobotany">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_ethnobotany" title="Zuni ethnobotany">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_identity_in_the_United_States" title="Native American identity in the United States">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_movements_in_the_Americas" title="Indigenous movements in the Americas">Movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_American_philosophy" title="Indigenous American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_studies" title="Native American studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_trade" title="Native American trade">Trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deerskin_trade" title="Deerskin trade">Deerskin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_popular_culture" title="Native Americans in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #FFDD99"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Category:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre-Columbian_civilizations_and_cultures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;background: #FFDEAD"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-Columbian_era" title="Template:Pre-Columbian era"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Columbian_era" title="Template talk:Pre-Columbian era"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian_era" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian era"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-Columbian_civilizations_and_cultures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Columbian_cultures" title="List of pre-Columbian cultures">Cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_America" title="History of North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">Archaeological periods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Puebloans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddoan_Mississippian_culture" title="Caddoan Mississippian culture">Caddoan Mississippian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca" title="Chichimeca">Chichimeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_culture" title="Dorset culture">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshara_tradition" title="Oshara tradition">Oshara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picosa_culture" title="Picosa culture">Picosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_culture" title="Plum Bayou culture">Plum Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinagua" title="Sinagua">Sinagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Mesoamerican chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acolhua" title="Acolhua">Acolhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacha" title="Capacha">Capacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcatzingo" title="Chalcatzingo">Chalcatzingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholula_(Mesoamerican_site)" title="Cholula (Mesoamerican site)">Cholula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chup%C3%ADcuaro" title="Chupícuaro">Chupícuaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Cocl%C3%A9" title="Gran Coclé">Coclé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuicuilco" title="Cuicuilco">Cuicuilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diquis" title="Diquis">Diquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi-Olmec_culture" title="Epi-Olmec culture">Epi-Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_civilization" title="Huastec civilization">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izapa" title="Izapa">Izapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcala_culture" title="Mezcala culture">Mezcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nicoya" title="Kingdom of Nicoya">Nicoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_Empire" title="Purépecha Empire">Purépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quelepa" title="Quelepa">Quelepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Mexico_shaft_tomb_tradition" title="Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition">Shaft tomb tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepanec" title="Tepanec">Tepanec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuchitl%C3%A1n_culture" title="Teuchitlán culture">Teuchitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlatilco_culture" title="Tlatilco culture">Tlatilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcaltec" title="Tlaxcaltec">Tlaxcaltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toltec" title="Toltec">Toltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonac" title="Totonac">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Veracruz_culture" title="Classic Veracruz culture">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraguas_culture" title="Veraguas culture">Veraguas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xochipala" title="Xochipala">Xochipala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_America" title="History of South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_civilizations" title="Andean civilizations">Andean civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="List of Indigenous peoples of South America">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Cabraline_history_of_Brazil" title="Pre-Cabraline history of Brazil">Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Bolivia" title="Pre-Columbian Bolivia">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehispanic_history_of_Chile" title="Prehispanic history of Chile">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Chile" title="List of archaeological sites in Chile">Archaeological sites in Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_cultures_of_Colombia" title="Pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Colombia" title="List of archaeological sites in Colombia">Archaeological sites in Colombia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Ecuador" title="Pre-Columbian Ecuador">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_pre-Columbian_Peru" title="Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru">Cultural periods of Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Peru" title="List of archaeological sites in Peru">Archaeological sites in Peru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_period_in_Venezuela" title="Pre-Columbian period in Venezuela">Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Abra" title="El Abra">El Abra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amotape_complex" title="Amotape complex">Amotape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atacama_people" title="Atacama people">Atacameño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_kingdoms" title="Aymara kingdoms">Aymara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calima_culture" title="Calima culture">Calima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari" title="Cañari">Cañaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capul%C3%AD_culture" title="Capulí culture">Capulí</a>/<a href="/wiki/Capul%C3%AD_culture#Nariño" title="Capulí culture">Nariño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caral%E2%80%93Supe_civilization" title="Caral–Supe civilization">Caral–Supe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casma%E2%80%93Sechin_culture" title="Casma–Sechin culture">Casma–Sechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chachapoya_culture" title="Chachapoya culture">Chachapoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancay_culture" title="Chancay culture">Chancay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chango_people" title="Chango people">Chango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_culture" title="Chavín culture">Chavín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimor" title="Chimor">Chimú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinchorro_culture" title="Chinchorro culture">Chinchorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiripa_culture" title="Chiripa culture">Chiripa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorrera_culture" title="Chorrera culture">Chorrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupisnique" title="Cupisnique">Cupisnique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaguita" title="Diaguita">Diaguita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Chaco_people" title="Gran Chaco people">Gran Chaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huetar_people" title="Huetar people">Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhikugu" title="Kuhikugu">Kuhikugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumaco-La_Tolita_culture" title="Tumaco-La Tolita culture">La Tolita (Tumaco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_culture_(archaeology)" title="Las Vegas culture (archaeology)">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauricocha_culture" title="Lauricocha culture">Lauricocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanos_de_Moxos_(archaeology)" title="Llanos de Moxos (archaeology)">Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_culture" title="Lima culture">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Lokono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupaca" title="Lupaca">Lupaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzia_Woman" title="Luzia Woman">Luzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mante%C3%B1o-Huancavilca_culture" title="Manteño-Huancavilca culture">Manteño-Huancavilca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_history" title="Mapuche history">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marajoara_culture" title="Marajoara culture">Marajoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moche_culture" title="Moche culture">Moche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollo_culture" title="Mollo culture">Mollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Verde" title="Monte Verde">Monte Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazca_culture" title="Nazca culture">Nazca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagua_people" title="Omagua people">Omagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paij%C3%A1n_culture" title="Paiján culture">Paiján</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaroa_people" title="Piaroa people">Piaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara_culture" title="Pukara culture">Pucará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucar%C3%A1_de_Tilcara" title="Pucará de Tilcara">Pucará de Tilcara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebrada_de_Humahuaca" title="Quebrada de Humahuaca">Quebrada de Humahuaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbaya" title="Quimbaya">Quimbaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladoid" title="Saladoid">Saladoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Agust%C3%ADn_culture" title="San Agustín culture">San Agustín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuar" title="Shuar">Shuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sican_culture" title="Sican culture">Sican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tairona" title="Tairona">Tairona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierradentro" title="Tierradentro">Tierradentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoto%E2%80%93Cuica_people" title="Timoto–Cuica people">Timoto–Cuica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku_Empire" title="Tiwanaku Empire">Tiwanaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyop%C3%A1n" title="Toyopán">Toyopán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuncahu%C3%A1n" title="Tuncahuán">Tuncahuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdivia_culture" title="Valdivia culture">Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankarani_culture" title="Wankarani culture">Wankarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari_culture" title="Wari culture">Wari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen%C3%BA" title="Zenú">Zenú</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;padding:0; background:transparent;"><div><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6;;background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca</a></th><th scope="col" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Capital</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Mayan_cities" title="Mayan cities">Multiple</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Tunja" title="Tunja">Hunza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bacat%C3%A1" title="Bacatá">Bacatá</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Language</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Mayan Languages</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Chibcha_language" title="Chibcha language">Muysc Cubun</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Writing</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Script</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Script</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Maya_numerals" title="Maya numerals">Numerals</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Numerals</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Quipu" title="Quipu">Quipu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Religion</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Religion</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Aztec_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Aztec culture">Human Sacrifice</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Religion</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Maya culture">Human Sacrifice</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Religion</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Inca_Empire" title="Religion in the Inca Empire">Religion</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_mythology" title="Aztec mythology">Mythology</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Mythology</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Mythology</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Mythology</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Calendar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Calendar</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Calendar</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Maya_astronomy" title="Maya astronomy">Astronomy</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Calendar</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Muisca_astronomy" title="Muisca astronomy">Astronomy</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_of_the_Incas" title="Mathematics of the Incas">Mathematics</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Society</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_society" title="Aztec society">Society</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_society" title="Maya society">Society</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Trade_in_Maya_civilization" title="Trade in Maya civilization">Trade</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_economy" title="Muisca economy">Economy</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_society" title="Inca society">Society</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_warfare" title="Aztec warfare">Warfare</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_warfare" title="Maya warfare">Warfare</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_warfare" title="Muisca warfare">Warfare</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_army" title="Inca army">Army</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Women</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Aztec_civilization" title="Women in Aztec civilization">Women</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Maya_society" title="Women in Maya society">Women</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Muisca_society" title="Women in Muisca society">Women</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire#Gender_roles" title="Inca Empire">Gender Roles</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Architecture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Architecture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Architecture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Architecture</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Inca_road_system" title="Inca road system">Road System</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Art</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Aztecs#Art_and_cultural_production" title="Aztecs">Art</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Art</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_art" title="Muisca art">Art</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire#Arts_and_technology" title="Inca Empire">Art</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Music</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztecs#Music_and_song" title="Aztecs">Music</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_music" title="Maya music">Music</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_music" title="Muisca music">Music</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean Music</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Chinampa" title="Chinampa">Chinampas</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mesoamerica" title="Agriculture in Mesoamerica">Agriculture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_agriculture" title="Muisca agriculture">Agriculture</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_agriculture" title="Inca agriculture">Agriculture</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Cuisine</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Cuisine</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Cuisine</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Cuisine</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> History</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Aztecs" title="History of the Aztecs">History</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="History of the Maya civilization">History</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Muisca" title="Template:History of the Muisca">History</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Incas" title="History of the Incas">Inca history</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Inca_State" title="Neo-Inca State">Neo-Inca State</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Mayans</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca">Muisca</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Incas</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Notable Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_I" title="Moctezuma I">Moctezuma I</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma II</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Cuitl%C3%A1huac" title="Cuitláhuac">Cuitláhuac</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc" title="Cuauhtémoc">Cuauhtémoc</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Janaab%CA%BC_Pakal" title="Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal">Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Uaxaclajuun_Ub%CA%BCaah_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil">Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Jasaw_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil_I" title="Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I">Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Nemequene" title="Nemequene">Nemequene</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Quemuenchatocha" title="Quemuenchatocha">Quemuenchatocha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tisquesusa" title="Tisquesusa">Tisquesusa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tundama" title="Tundama">Tundama</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zoratama" title="Zoratama">Zoratama</a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <a href="/wiki/Manco_C%C3%A1pac" title="Manco Cápac">Manco Cápac</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Pachacuti" title="Pachacuti">Pachacuti</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Atahualpa" title="Atahualpa">Atahualpa</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Manco_Inca_Yupanqui" title="Manco Inca Yupanqui">Manco Inca Yupanqui</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru" title="Túpac Amaru">Túpac Amaru</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" class="navbox-list navbox-even navbox-group" style="background: #FEEFD6; width:10em; border-bottom:1px #fff solid;"> Conquest</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish Conquest</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Spanish Conquest</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Spanish Conquest of Yucatán</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Montejo" title="Francisco de Montejo">Francisco de Montejo</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Spanish Conquest of Guatemala</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish Conquest</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán Pérez de Quesada</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_conquistadors_in_Colombia" title="List of conquistadors in Colombia">List of Conquistadors</a>)</td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire">Spanish Conquest</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><div id="See_also"><b>See also</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_the_Americas" title="Category:Archaeological sites in the Americas">Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mesoamerica" title="Portal:Mesoamerica">Portal:Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramics_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous cuisine of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_writing_systems" title="Mesoamerican writing systems">Mesoamerican writing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting_in_the_Americas_before_European_colonization" title="Painting in the Americas before European colonization">Painting in the Americas before European colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_art" title="Pre-Columbian art">Pre-Columbian art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FEEFD6;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg/32px-Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg/48px-Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg/64px-Lascar_Avenue_of_the_Dead_and_the_Pyramid_of_the_Sun_in_the_background_%284566574277%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Civilizations" title="Portal:Civilizations">Civilizations portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template talk:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era#North_America" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">Periods</a></i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_stage" title="Classic stage">Classic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Post-Classic_stage" title="Post-Classic stage">Post-Classic</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br /> cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alachua_culture" title="Alachua culture">Alachua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Beringian" title="Ancient Beringian">Ancient Beringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avonlea_culture" title="Avonlea culture">Avonlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baytown_culture" title="Baytown culture">Baytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Glade_culture" title="Belle Glade culture">Belle Glade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermilk_Creek_complex" title="Buttermilk Creek complex">Buttermilk Creek complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caborn-Welborn_culture" title="Caborn-Welborn culture">Caborn-Welborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cades_Pond_culture" title="Cades Pond culture">Cades Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_Creek_culture" title="Calf Creek culture">Calf Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caloosahatchee_culture" title="Caloosahatchee culture">Caloosahatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comond%C3%BA_complex" title="Comondú complex">Comondú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptford_culture" title="Deptford culture">Deptford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_tradition" title="Folsom tradition">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_culture" title="Fort Walton culture">Fort Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Kame_culture" title="Glacial Kame culture">Glacial Kame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hopewell_sites" title="List of Hopewell sites">List of Hopewell sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_complex" title="La Jolla complex">La Jolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_complex" title="Las Palmas complex">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Archaic" title="Maritime Archaic">Maritime Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippian_sites" title="List of Mississippian sites">List of Mississippian sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monongahela_culture" title="Monongahela culture">Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cordilleran_culture" title="Old Cordilleran culture">Old Cordilleran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneota" title="Oneota">Oneota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Arctic_tradition" title="Paleo-Arctic tradition">Paleo-Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_cultures" title="Plano cultures">Plano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ocher_people" title="Red Ocher people">Red Ocher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_Harbor_culture" title="Safety Harbor culture">Safety Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa-Swift_Creek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture">Santa Rosa-Swift Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steed-Kisker_culture" title="Steed-Kisker culture">Steed-Kisker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwannee_Valley_culture" title="Suwannee Valley culture">Suwannee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchefuncte_site#Tchefuncte_culture" title="Tchefuncte site">Tchefuncte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Mounds" title="Angel Mounds">Angel Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzick_site" title="Anzick site">Anzick site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastian_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastian Site">Bastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Archeological_Site_(13WD50)" title="Benson Archeological Site (13WD50)">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Spring_Heritage_Center" title="Blue Spring Heritage Center">Blue Spring Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefish_Caves" title="Bluefish Caves">Bluefish Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bluff_Point_Stoneworks" title="The Bluff Point Stoneworks">The Bluff Point Stoneworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewster Site">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candelaria_Cave" title="Candelaria Cave">Candelaria Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Casa Grande Ruins National Monument">Casa Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coso_Rock_Art_District" title="Coso Rock Art District">Coso Rock Art District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_River_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Crystal River Archaeological State Park">Crystal River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Olla_(archaeological_site)" title="Cueva de la Olla (archaeological site)">Cueva de la Olla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutler_Fossil_Site" title="Cutler Fossil Site">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_site" title="Eaker site">Eaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Fin_del_Mundo" title="El Fin del Mundo">El Fin del Mundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vallecito" title="El Vallecito">El Vallecito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_Mounds_National_Monument" title="Effigy Mounds National Monument">Effigy Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etowah_Indian_Mounds" title="Etowah Indian Mounds">Etowah Indian Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Site">Eva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_site" title="Folsom site">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient_(Lebanon,_Ohio)" title="Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Center" title="Fort Center">Fort Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Juelson" title="Fort Juelson">Fort Juelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mounds_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Mounds Site">Four Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Archeological_District" title="Glenwood Archeological District">Glenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes_Point" title="Grimes Point">Grimes Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Blazes_archaeological_site" title="Helen Blazes archaeological site">Helen Blazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Bluff_site" title="Holly Bluff site">Holly Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horr%27s_Island" title="Horr's Island">Horr's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%C3%A1poca" title="Huápoca">Huápoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Marco" title="Key Marco">Key Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Village" title="Kimball Village">Kimball Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site" title="Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site">Kincaid Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolomoki_Mounds" title="Kolomoki Mounds">Kolomoki Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Jackson_Mounds_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park">Lake Jackson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehner_Mammoth-Kill_Site" title="Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site">Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows" title="L'Anse aux Meadows">L'Anse aux Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynch_Quarry_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynch Quarry Site">Lynch Quarry Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmes_Rockshelter" title="Marmes Rockshelter">Marmes Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaning_Cavern" title="Moaning Cavern">Moaning Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorehead_Circle" title="Moorehead Circle">Moorehead Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Mounds" title="Morrison Mounds">Morrison Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moundville_Archaeological_Site" title="Moundville Archaeological Site">Moundville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_Cave" title="Mummy Cave">Mummy Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodena_site" title="Nodena site">Nodena site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocmulgee_Mounds_National_Historical_Park" title="Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park">Ocmulgee Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_Fort_(Tennessee)" title="Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)">Old Stone Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orwell_Site_(Fergus_Falls,_Minnesota)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orwell Site (Fergus Falls, Minnesota)">Orwell site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casas_Grandes" title="Casas Grandes">Paquime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Bluff" title="Painted Bluff">Painted Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkin_Archeological_State_Park" title="Parkin Archeological State Park">Parkin Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinson_Mounds" title="Pinson Mounds">Pinson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_Mounds_Archeological_State_Park" title="Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park">Plum Bayou Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Earthworks" title="Portsmouth Earthworks">Portsmouth Earthworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Bonito" title="Pueblo Bonito">Pueblo Bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassawek" title="Rassawek">Rassawek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_Canyon" title="Recapture Canyon">Recapture Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Styx_archaeological_site" title="River Styx archaeological site">River Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Island_complex" title="Roberts Island complex">Roberts Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Eagle" title="Rock Eagle">Rock Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hawk" title="Rock Hawk">Rock Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstock_Village_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosenstock Village Site">Rosenstock Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Cave_National_Monument" title="Russell Cave National Monument">Russell Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_Ruins" title="Salmon Ruins">Salmon Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_Mound" title="Serpent Mound">Serpent Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Paintings_of_Sierra_de_San_Francisco" title="Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco">Sierra de San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shell_ring_sites" title="List of shell ring sites">Shell ring sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Mounds" title="Spiro Mounds">Spiro Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stallings_Island" title="Stallings Island">Stallings Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunWatch_Indian_Village" title="SunWatch Indian Village">SunWatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Taos Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Creek_Indian_Mound" title="Town Creek Indian Mound">Town Creek Indian Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_River_Mounds_State_Preserve" title="Turkey River Mounds State Preserve">Turkey River Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Sun_River_site" title="Upward Sun River site">Upward Sun River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velda_Mound" title="Velda Mound">Velda Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oak_Forest_Earthlodge_Site" title="West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site">West Oak Forest Earthlodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickiup_Hill" title="Wickiup Hill">Wickiup Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windover_Archeological_Site" title="Windover Archeological Site">Windover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterville_site" title="Winterville site">Winterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wupatki_National_Monument" title="Wupatki National Monument">Wupatki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Human<br />remains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzick-1" title="Anzick-1">Anzick-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Springs_Man" title="Arlington Springs Man">Arlington Springs Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhl_Woman" title="Buhl Woman">Buhl Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennewick_Man" title="Kennewick Man">Kennewick Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brea_Woman" title="La Brea Woman">La Brea Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanderthal_Lady" title="Leanderthal Lady">Leanderthal Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Bone_Bed#Melbourne_Man" title="Melbourne Bone Bed">Melbourne Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Woman" title="Minnesota Woman">Minnesota Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1on_woman" title="Peñon woman">Peñon woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Cave_mummy" title="Spirit Cave mummy">Spirit Cave mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vero_man" title="Vero man">Vero man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_pipe" title="Ceremonial pipe">Ceremonial pipe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanunpa" title="Chanunpa">Chanunpa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunkey" title="Chunkey">Chunkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_Revolution_(pottery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container Revolution (pottery)">Container Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_mound" title="Effigy mound">Effigy mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex#Birdman" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Falcon dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">Horned Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">Medicine wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre-Columbian_America#North_America" title="Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing">Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">N.A.G.P.R.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piasa" title="Piasa">Piasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Southeastern Ceremonial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Transoceanic contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_panther" title="Underwater panther">Underwater panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_glyphs" title="Water glyphs">Water glyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archaeology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archaeology" title="Template:Archaeology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archaeology" title="Template talk:Archaeology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archaeology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_archaeology" title="History of archaeology">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">Antiquarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Johann Joachim Winckelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Hoare,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Hoare, 2nd Baronet">Richard Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann" title="Heinrich Schliemann">Heinrich Schliemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Stephens" title="John Lloyd Stephens">John Lloyd Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Holmes" title="William Henry Holmes">William Henry Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pitt_Rivers" title="Augustus Pitt Rivers">Augustus Pitt Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Wheeler" title="Mortimer Wheeler">Mortimer Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Garrod" title="Dorothy Garrod">Dorothy Garrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Uhle" title="Max Uhle">Max Uhle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_V._Kidder" title="Alfred V. Kidder">Alfred V. Kidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George Bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Method and theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_theory" title="Archaeological theory">Archaeological theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_archaeology" title="Philosophy of archaeology">Philosophy of archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_diving" title="Archaeological diving">Archaeological diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_ethics" title="Archaeological ethics">Archaeological ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_archaeological_sites" title="Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites">Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_(archaeology)" title="Survey (archaeology)">Survey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geophysical_survey_(archaeology)" title="Geophysical survey (archaeology)">geophysical survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistance_survey" title="Electrical resistance survey">electrical resistance survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sondage" title="Sondage">Sondage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_layer" title="Burnt layer">Burnt layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_excavation" title="Archaeological excavation">Excavation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">Lithic analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-excavation_analysis" title="Post-excavation analysis">Post-excavation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subfields_of_archaeology" title="Subfields of archaeology">Sub-disciplines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chronological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_archaeology" title="Prehistoric archaeology">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protohistory" title="Protohistory">Protohistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_archaeology" title="Biblical archaeology">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_archaeology" title="Classical archaeology">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_archaeology" title="Medieval archaeology">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-medieval_archaeology" title="Post-medieval archaeology">Post-Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_archaeology" title="Historical archaeology">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_archaeology" title="Contemporary archaeology">Contemporary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_archaeology" title="African archaeology">African</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_in_Asia" title="Category:Archaeology in Asia">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian archaeology">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_in_Oceania" title="Archaeology in Oceania">Oceanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyriology" title="Assyriology">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Eastern_archaeology" title="Near Eastern archaeology">Near Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubiology" title="Nubiology">Nubian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methodological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_archaeology" title="Aerial archaeology">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioarchaeology" title="Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeogenetics" title="Archaeogenetics">Archaeogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_bioarchaeology" title="Medieval bioarchaeology">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Eastern_bioarchaeology" title="Near Eastern bioarchaeology">Near Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteology" title="Osteology">Osteology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleopathology" title="Paleopathology">Paleopathology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calceology" title="Calceology">Calceology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_archaeology" title="Digital archaeology">Digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeogaming" title="Archaeogaming">Archaeogaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_archaeology" title="Computational archaeology">Computational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_archaeology" title="Virtual archaeology">Virtual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_archaeology" title="Environmental archaeology">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoarchaeology" title="Geoarchaeology">Geoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoethnobotany" title="Paleoethnobotany">Paleoethnobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zooarchaeology" title="Zooarchaeology">Zooarchaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_archaeology" title="Experimental archaeology">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_science" title="Archaeological science">Archaeometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlefield_archaeology" title="Battlefield archaeology">Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_archaeology" title="Conflict archaeology">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_archaeology" title="Feminist archaeology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_archaeology" title="Funerary archaeology">Funerary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_archaeology" title="Gender archaeology">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_archaeology" title="Indigenous archaeology">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_archaeology" title="Industrial archaeology">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_archaeology" title="Landscape archaeology">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_archaeology" title="Maritime archaeology">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_archaeology" title="Mortuary archaeology">Mortuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_archaeology" title="Nazi archaeology">Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(archaeology)" title="Phenomenology (archaeology)">Phenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_archaeology" title="Queer archaeology">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_archaeology" title="Transgender archaeology">Transgender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeological sites by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods" title="List of archaeological periods">Periods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeologists" title="List of archaeologists">Archaeologists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptologists" title="List of Egyptologists">Egyptologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyriologists" title="List of Assyriologists">Assyriologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittitology" title="Hittitology">Hittitologists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeology_journals" title="List of archaeology journals">Journals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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