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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Fermentacja" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Fermentacja" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Fermentacja" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Fermentacja" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fermentacja</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 90 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B1_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="تخمر (كيمياء حيوية) – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تخمر (كيمياء حيوية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formentaci%C3%B3n" title="Formentación – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Formentación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasiya" title="Fermentasiya – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fermentasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8" title="গাঁজন – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাঁজন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-k%C3%A0%E2%81%BF" title="Hoat-kàⁿ – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kàⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Закісанне – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Закісанне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permentasyon" title="Permentasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Permentasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ферментация – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ферментация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaci%C3%B3" title="Fermentació – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fermentació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kva%C5%A1en%C3%AD" title="Kvašení – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvašení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eplesu" title="Eplesu – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eplesu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4rimine" title="Käärimine – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Käärimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ζύμωση – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζύμωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaci%C3%B3n" title="Fermentación – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fermentación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentado" title="Fermentado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fermentado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartzidura" title="Hartzidura – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hartzidura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تخمیر – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تخمیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentazion" title="Fermentazion – friulski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Fermentazion" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coipeadh" title="Coipeadh – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coipeadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachadh" title="Brachadh – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Brachadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaci%C3%B3n" title="Fermentación – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fermentación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%9A%A8" title="발효 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발효" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Խմորում – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խմորում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="किण्वन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किण्वन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrenje" title="Vrenje – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vrenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaco_(biokemio)" title="Fermentaco (biokemio) – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fermentaco (biokemio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fermentasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerjun" title="Gerjun – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gerjun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentazione" title="Fermentazione – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fermentazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94" title="תסיסה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תסיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferm%C3%A8ntasi" title="Fermèntasi – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fermèntasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8" title="ಕಿಣ್ವನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಿಣ್ವನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83" title="Ашыту – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ашыту" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%AEn" title="Genîn – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Genîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83" title="Ачытуу – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ачытуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burveda" title="Burveda – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Burveda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABg%C5%A1ana" title="Rūgšana – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rūgšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erjed%C3%A9s" title="Erjedés – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erjedés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ферментација – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ферментација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="കിണ്വനം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിണ്വനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penapaian_(biokimia)" title="Penapaian (biokimia) – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penapaian (biokimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-g%C3%A1u" title="Huák-gáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကစော်ဖောက်ခြင်း – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကစော်ဖောက်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentatie" title="Fermentatie – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fermentatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BA%E9%85%B5" title="発酵 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="発酵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijg%CA%BBish" title="Bijgʻish – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bijgʻish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਫਰਮੈਂਟੇਸ਼ਨ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਰਮੈਂਟੇਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84)" title="خميره کېدنه (موره کېدل) – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خميره کېدنه (موره کېدل)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9_beuje" title="Fé beuje – piemoncki" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fé beuje" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemoncki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Fermentação – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fermentação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermenta%C8%9Bie" title="Fermentație – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fermentație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%27uchquy" title="P'uchquy – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="P'uchquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Брожение – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брожение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Көөнньүү – jakucki" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көөнньүү" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentimi" title="Fermentimi – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fermentimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmintazzioni" title="Firmintazzioni – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Firmintazzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasenie" title="Kvasenie – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvasenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerowanie" title="Gerowanie – śląski" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gerowanie" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="śląski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamiir" title="Khamiir – somalijski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Khamiir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گەنین – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەنین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ферментација (биохемија) – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ферментација (биохемија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9rm%C3%A9ntasi" title="Férméntasi – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Férméntasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4yminen" title="Käyminen – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käyminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4sning" title="Jäsning – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jäsning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbuburo" title="Pagbuburo – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagbuburo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="நொதிப்பு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நொதிப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)" title="การหมัก (ชีวเคมี) – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การหมัก (ชีวเคมี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermantasyon" title="Fermantasyon – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fermantasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ферментація – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ферментація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="عمل تخمیر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمل تخمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasion" title="Fermentasion – wenecki" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fermentasion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="wenecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAn_men" title="Lên men – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lên men" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasyon" title="Fermentasyon – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fermentasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Fermenting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Fermenting.jpg/220px-Fermenting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Fermenting.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>Fermentacja</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fermentacja</b> – <a href="/wiki/Enzymy" title="Enzymy">enzymatyczny</a> proces przemian <a href="/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zki_organiczne" title="Związki organiczne">związków organicznych</a> w warunkach beztlenowych, prowadzony przez <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganizm" title="Mikroorganizm">mikroorganizmy</a>, np. <a href="/wiki/Bakterie" title="Bakterie">bakterie</a> lub <a href="/wiki/Dro%C5%BCd%C5%BCe" title="Drożdże">drożdże</a>, w efekcie którego następuje <a href="/wiki/Dysproporcjonowanie" title="Dysproporcjonowanie">dysproporcjonowanie</a> substratu, tj. jego równoczesne <a href="/wiki/Utlenianie" title="Utlenianie">utlenienie</a> i <a href="/wiki/Redukcja_(chemia)" title="Redukcja (chemia)">redukcja</a>, np.<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153-1">[1]</a></sup>: </p> <dl><dd><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glukoza" title="Glukoza">C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span>H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />12</span>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span></a> → 2<a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />5</span>OH</a> + 2<a href="/wiki/Dwutlenek_w%C4%99gla" title="Dwutlenek węgla">CO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a>↑</span></dd></dl> <p>Procesowi temu towarzyszy wydzielenie energii, która magazynowana jest zazwyczaj pod postacią <a href="/wiki/Adenozyno-5%E2%80%B2-trifosforan" title="Adenozyno-5′-trifosforan">ATP</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daintith_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daintith-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ency_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ency-3">[3]</a></sup>, powstającego w wyniku <a href="/wiki/Fosforylacja_substratowa" title="Fosforylacja substratowa">fosforylacji substratowej</a>, lub, wyjątkowo, w wyniku działania pomp <a href="/wiki/Przeno%C5%9Bniki_bia%C5%82kowe" title="Przenośniki białkowe">transbłonowych</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pompa_wodorowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pompa wodorowa (strona nie istnieje)">wodorowej</a> lub <a href="/wiki/Pompa_sodowo-potasowa" title="Pompa sodowo-potasowa">sodowej</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153,_156_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153,_156-4">[4]</a></sup>. Fermentacja umożliwia uzyskanie energii użytecznej metabolicznie organizmom stale lub okresowo żyjącym w warunkach beztlenowych. Wydajność energetyczna fermentacji jest znacznie niższa niż procesów tlenowych. Z jednej cząsteczki glukozy uzyskiwane są 2 (czasem 1–2,5<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''153_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''153-5">[5]</a></sup>) cząsteczki ATP, podczas gdy w cyklu Krebsa z jednej cząsteczki glukozy uzyskiwane są 32 (lub 38<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''153_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''153-5">[5]</a></sup>) cząsteczki ATP<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-6">[6]</a></sup>. </p><p>Innym rodzajem beztlenowego uzyskiwania energii jest <a href="/wiki/Oddychanie_beztlenowe" title="Oddychanie beztlenowe">oddychanie beztlenowe</a>, które różni się od fermentacji tym, że zachodzi z udziałem <a href="/wiki/%C5%81a%C5%84cuch_oddechowy" title="Łańcuch oddechowy">łańcucha transportu elektronów</a>, który nie jest wykorzystywany w procesach fermentacyjnych<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-6">[6]</a></sup>. </p><p>Przykłady procesów fermentacyjnych: </p> <ul><li>Wykorzystywane powszechnie do wytwarzania żywności<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-6">[6]</a></sup>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermentacja_alkoholowa" title="Fermentacja alkoholowa">fermentacja alkoholowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermentacja_mlekowa" title="Fermentacja mlekowa">fermentacja mlekowa</a> (mleczanowa)</li></ul></li> <li>Inne: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermentacja_mas%C5%82owa" title="Fermentacja masłowa">fermentacja masłowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermentacja_mannitowa" title="Fermentacja mannitowa">fermentacja mannitowa</a> (zwana też "śluzową" lub "gumową")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermentacja_metanowa" title="Fermentacja metanowa">fermentacja metanowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermentacja_propionowa" title="Fermentacja propionowa">fermentacja propionowa</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Nauka badająca procesy fermentacji to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zymologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zymologia (strona nie istnieje)">zymologia</a><sup id="cite_ref-doroszewski_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doroszewski-7">[7]</a></sup>. </p><p>W <a href="/wiki/Biotechnologia" title="Biotechnologia">biotechnologii</a> określenie „fermentacja” jest szersze i dotyczy zwyczajowo także niektórych procesów tlenowych z udziałem bakterii<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Niepełne_utlenianie_substratu''176_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Niepełne_utlenianie_substratu''176-8">[8]</a></sup>. Przykładami są <a href="/wiki/Fermentacja_octowa" title="Fermentacja octowa">fermentacja octowa</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Niepełne_utlenianie_substratu''176_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Niepełne_utlenianie_substratu''176-8">[8]</a></sup> i <a href="/wiki/Fermentacja_cytrynowa" title="Fermentacja cytrynowa">fermentacja cytrynowa</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Tak_zwana_fermentacja_cytrynowa''180_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Tak_zwana_fermentacja_cytrynowa''180-9">[9]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentacja&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentacja&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/fermentacja" class="extiw" title="wikt:fermentacja"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>fermentacja</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fermentation?uselang=pl"><strong>Zobacz multimedia</strong> związane z tematem: <em>Fermentacja</em></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ba_fermentacyjna" title="Próba fermentacyjna">próba fermentacyjna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozpad_gnilny" title="Rozpad gnilny">rozpad gnilny</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentacja&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentacja&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998">Kunicki-Goldfinger 1998 ↓</a></span>, rozdział <i>Fermentacja</i>, s. 152–153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daintith-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Daintith_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">fermentation. W: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarychemis00dain">A Dictionary of Chemistry</a></i>. John Daintith (red.). Wyd. 6. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarychemis00dain/page/222">222</a>. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780199204632" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780199204632">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-0-19-920463-2</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=fermentation&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionarychemis00dain%2Fpage%2F222+222%5D&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920463-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionarychemis00dain"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ency-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ency_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3900484"><i>fermentacja</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">Encyklopedia PWN</a></i> [online], <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2017-10-29]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=fermentacja&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2F%3B3900484" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153,_156-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''152–153,_156_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998">Kunicki-Goldfinger 1998 ↓</a></span>, rozdział <i>Fermentacja</i>, s. 152–153, 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''153-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''153_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Fermentacja''153_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998">Kunicki-Goldfinger 1998 ↓</a></span>, rozdział <i>Fermentacja</i>, s. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_6-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_6-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><i>Fermentacja i oddychanie beztlenowe pozwalają komórkom na produkcję ATP bez udziału tlenu</i>, [w:] <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Jane B.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jane B." style="display:none">J.B.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Reece</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Jane B.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jane B.">J.B.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Jane B. Reece, Michael Lee Cain, Steven Alexander Wasserman, V. Minorsky Peter, Rob Jackson"> i inni</span>, <i>Biologia Campbella</i>, wyd. 2, Poznań: Dom Wydawniczy REBIS, 2016, s. 177–180, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788378187165" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788378187165">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-7818-716-5</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/946317178">946317178</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.place=Pozna%C5%84&rft.atitle=Fermentacja+i+oddychanie+beztlenowe+pozwalaj%C4%85+kom%C3%B3rkom+na+produkcj%C4%99+ATP+bez+udzia%C5%82u+tlenu&rft.edition=2&rft.aufirst=Jane+B.&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-83-7818-716-5&rft.pub=Dom+Wydawniczy+REBIS&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Biologia+Campbella&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F946317178" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doroszewski-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-doroszewski_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sjp.pwn.pl/doroszewski/zymologia">Zymologia</a>. [w:] <i>Słownik języka polskiego pod red. W. Doroszewskiego</i> [on-line]. PWN. [dostęp 2016-09-12].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Niepełne_utlenianie_substratu''176-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Niepełne_utlenianie_substratu''176_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Niepełne_utlenianie_substratu''176_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998">Kunicki-Goldfinger 1998 ↓</a></span>, rozdział <i>Niepełne utlenianie substratu</i>, s. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Tak_zwana_fermentacja_cytrynowa''180-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998rozdział_''Tak_zwana_fermentacja_cytrynowa''180_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998">Kunicki-Goldfinger 1998 ↓</a></span>, rozdział <i>Tak zwana fermentacja cytrynowa</i>, s. 180.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentacja&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentacja&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book nourl" id="CITEREFKunicki-Goldfinger1998"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Kunicki-Goldfinger" title="Władysław Kunicki-Goldfinger"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Władysław</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Władysław" style="display:none">W.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Kunicki-Goldfinger</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Władysław</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Władysław">W.</span></span></a>, <i>Życie bakterii</i>, wyd. 7 zmienione, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8301127864" title="Specjalna:Książki/8301127864">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-01-12786-4</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/297645749">297645749</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.edition=7+zmienione&rft.aufirst=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw&rft.aulast=Kunicki-Goldfinger&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=83-01-12786-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%C5%BBycie+bakterii&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F297645749" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Procesy_%C5%BCyciowe" title="Procesy życiowe">proces biologiczny</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85047829">sh85047829</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4129537-7">4129537-7</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562847">00562847</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119679279">119679279</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=31200">31200</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph135618">ph135618</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525559">XX525559</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529001305171">987007529001305171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3900484.html">3900484</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/fermentation">science/fermentation</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fermentazione">fermentazione</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/fermentations/">fermentations</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/fermentations-reperes-chronologiques/">fermentations-reperes-chronologiques</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Fermentering">Fermentering</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=fermentering">fermentering</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" 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