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<li id="toc-Silent_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silent_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Silent era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silent_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>After World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post–World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post–World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1940s–1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940s–1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>1940s–1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940s–1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Government support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movie_theaters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movie_theaters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Movie theaters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movie_theaters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_distribution_and_production_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_distribution_and_production_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Film distribution and production companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_distribution_and_production_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_sex_abuse_and_coverups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_sex_abuse_and_coverups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Allegations of sex abuse and coverups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_sex_abuse_and_coverups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinema of France</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="سينما فرنسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سينما فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_kinematoqrafiyas%C4%B1" title="Fransa kinematoqrafiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa kinematoqrafiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" title="ফ্রান্সের চলচ্চিত্র শিল্প – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্সের চলচ্চিত্র শিল্প" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Cinema de França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cinema de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrigs_filmhistorie" title="Frankrigs filmhistorie – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankrigs filmhistorie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sischer_Film" title="Französischer Film – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französischer Film" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Γαλλικός κινηματογράφος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλικός κινηματογράφος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_de_Francia" title="Cine de Francia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cine de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantziako_zinema" title="Frantziako zinema – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantziako zinema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="سینمای فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سینمای فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Cinéma français – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cinéma français" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_de_Francia" title="Cinema de Francia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cinema de Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94" title="프랑스 영화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 영화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%86" title="Ֆրանսիայի կինեմատոգրաֆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիայի կինեմատոգրաֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_kinematografija" title="Francuska kinematografija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuska kinematografija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinema_Prancis" title="Sinema Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sinema Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_francese" title="Cinema francese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cinema francese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99" title="קולנוע צרפתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולנוע צרפתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijas_kino" title="Francijas kino – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francijas kino" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_filmm%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Francia filmművészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia filmművészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franse_cinema" title="Franse cinema – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Franse cinema" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB" title="フランスの映画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランスの映画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk_film" title="Fransk film – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fransk film" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematografia_francuska" title="Kinematografia francuska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kinematografia francuska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Cinema da França – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cinema da França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematografia_francez%C4%83" title="Cinematografia franceză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cinematografia franceză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Кинематограф Франции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кинематограф Франции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzska_kinematografia" title="Francúzska kinematografia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzska kinematografia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="سینەمای فەڕەنسا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سینەمای فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_i_Frankrike" title="Film i Frankrike – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Film i Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_sinemas%C4%B1" title="Fransız sineması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransız sineması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Кінематограф Франції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кінематограф Франції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%E1%BA%A3nh_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Điện ảnh Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện ảnh Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_French_films" title="Lists of French films">Lists of French films</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cinema of France</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:France_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/220px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/330px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/440px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of <a href="/wiki/Projection_screen" title="Projection screen">screens</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,653 (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-cnc2015_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnc2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main distributors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century Studios</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>) (14.6%)<br /><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> (9.8%)<br /><a href="/wiki/UGC_(cinema_operator)" title="UGC (cinema operator)">UGC</a> (6.9%)<sup id="cite_ref-cnc2015_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnc2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Produced feature films (2018<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">258</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Animated</th><td class="infobox-data">36 (5.3%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Documentary</th><td class="infobox-data">127 (18.6%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Number of admissions (2018<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">197.1 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National films</th><td class="infobox-data">77.8 million (39.47%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Gross box office (2018<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€1.31 billion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National films</th><td class="infobox-data">€493.10 million (43.1%)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>cinema of France</b> comprises the <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film industry</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> productions, whether made within the nation of France or by French film production companies abroad. It is the oldest and largest precursor of national cinemas in Europe, with primary influence also on the creation of national cinemas in Asia. </p><p>France has had a very strong film industry due in part to protections afforded by the <a href="/wiki/French_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="French Government">French Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_1995-02-28_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_1995-02-28-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, France was the second largest exporter of films in the world after the United States, and a 2014 study showed that French cinema was the most appreciated by global audiences after that of the US.<sup id="cite_ref-unifrance.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unifrance.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to industry tracker <a href="/wiki/The_Numbers_(website)" title="The Numbers (website)">The Numbers</a>, the fortunes of French film exports have since declined: in 2019, France had fallen to the position of 7th largest exporter by total box office revenue with a 2.01% share of the global market, and in 2023, 15th by the same metric with a 0.44% share.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, France sits fourth on the tracker's all-time box office chart behind the US, UK, and China.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, France produced more films than any other European country,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The material near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (July 2024)">relevant?</span></a></i>]</sup> producing a record-breaking 300 feature-length films (since broken multiple times by the UK and France itself<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). France is one of the few countries where non-American productions have the biggest share, largely due to the commercial strength of domestic productions. </p><p>The most influential film directors in the history of French cinema are <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a>. France has also been a leading destination for filmmakers and actors from around the world. </p><p>Many film festivals are held in France, including the internationally famous <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silent_era">Silent era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Silent era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01.jpg/220px-SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/SortiedesOuvriersdel1895-01.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>A scene from <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Louis Lumière">Louis Lumière</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_Sortie_des_usines_Lumi%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sortie des usines Lumière">La Sortie des usines Lumière</a></i> (1895) </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Les frères Lumière</a> released the first projection with the <a href="/wiki/Cinematograph" title="Cinematograph">Cinematograph</a>, in Paris on 28 December 1895, with first public showing in the <a href="/wiki/Eden_Theatre,_La_Ciotat" title="Eden Theatre, La Ciotat">Eden Theatre, La Ciotat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French film industry in the late <a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_film" title="19th century in film">19th century</a> and early 20th century was the world's most important. <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Auguste and Louis Lumière</a> invented the <a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9matographe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinématographe">cinématographe</a> and their <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Arriv%C3%A9e_d%27un_train_en_gare_de_La_Ciotat" title="L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat">L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat</a></i> in Paris in 1895 is considered by many historians as the official birth of cinematography. French films during this period catered to a growing middle class and were mostly shown in cafés and traveling fairs.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early days of the industry, from 1896 to 1902, saw the dominance of four firms: <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathé Frères">Pathé Frères</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumont Film Company">Gaumont Film Company</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Georges_M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s" title="Georges Méliès">Georges Méliès</a> company, and <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">the Lumières</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Town_1914_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Town_1914-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Méliès invented many of the techniques of cinematic grammar, and among his fantastic, surreal short subjects is the first <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">science fiction film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/A_Trip_to_the_Moon" title="A Trip to the Moon">A Trip to the Moon</a></i> (<i>Le Voyage dans la Lune</i>) in 1902. </p><p>In 1902, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">the Lumières</a> abandoned everything but the production of film stock, leaving Méliès as the weakest player of the remaining three. (He would retire in 1914.) From 1904 to 1911, the <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathé Frères">Pathé Frères</a> company led the world in film production and distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-Town_1914_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Town_1914-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_1914-gaumontpalace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/UK_1914-gaumontpalace.jpg/170px-UK_1914-gaumontpalace.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/UK_1914-gaumontpalace.jpg/255px-UK_1914-gaumontpalace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/UK_1914-gaumontpalace.jpg/340px-UK_1914-gaumontpalace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="802" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumont Film Company">Gaumont</a> palace in Paris, c.1914</figcaption></figure> <p>At Gaumont, pioneer <a href="/wiki/Alice_Guy-Blach%C3%A9" title="Alice Guy-Blaché">Alice Guy-Blaché</a> (M. Gaumont's former secretary) was made head of production and oversaw about 400 films, from her first, <i><a href="/wiki/La_F%C3%A9e_aux_Choux" title="La Fée aux Choux">La Fée aux Choux</a></i>, in 1896, through 1906. She then continued her career in the United States, as did <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Tourneur" title="Maurice Tourneur">Maurice Tourneur</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9once_Perret" title="Léonce Perret">Léonce Perret</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p>In 1907, Gaumont owned and operated the biggest movie studio in the world, and along with the boom in construction of "luxury cinemas" like the <a href="/wiki/Gaumont-Palace" title="Gaumont-Palace">Gaumont-Palace</a> and the Pathé-Palace (both 1911), cinema became an economic challenger to theater by 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-Town_1914_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Town_1914-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_I">After World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War I, the French film industry suffered because of a lack of capital, and film production decreased as it did in most other European countries. This allowed the United States film industry to enter the European cinema market, because American films could be sold more cheaply than European productions, since the studios already had recouped their costs in the home market. When film studios in Europe began to fail, many European countries began to set import barriers. France installed an import quota of 1:7, meaning for every seven foreign films imported to France, one French film was to be produced and shown in French cinemas.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the period between World War I and World War II, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Feyder" title="Jacques Feyder">Jacques Feyder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Jean Vigo</a> became two of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">poetic realism</a> in French cinema. They also dominated <a href="/wiki/French_impressionist_cinema" title="French impressionist cinema">French impressionist cinema</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Dulac" title="Germaine Dulac">Germaine Dulac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Jean Epstein</a>. </p><p>In 1931, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pagnol" title="Marcel Pagnol">Marcel Pagnol</a> filmed the first of his great trilogy <i><a href="/wiki/Marius_(1931_film)" title="Marius (1931 film)">Marius</a></i>, <i>Fanny</i>, and <i>César</i>. He followed this with other films including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baker%27s_Wife_(film)" title="The Baker's Wife (film)">The Baker's Wife</a></i>. Other notable films of the 1930s included <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">René Clair</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Roofs_of_Paris" title="Under the Roofs of Paris">Under the Roofs of Paris</a></i> (1930), Jean Vigo's <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Atalante" title="L'Atalante">L'Atalante</a></i> (1934), Jacques Feyder's <i><a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Flanders_(film)" title="Carnival in Flanders (film)">Carnival in Flanders</a></i> (1935), and <a href="/wiki/Julien_Duvivier" title="Julien Duvivier">Julien Duvivier</a>'s <i>La belle equipe</i> (1936). In 1935, renowned playwright and actor <a href="/wiki/Sacha_Guitry" title="Sacha Guitry">Sacha Guitry</a> directed his first film and went on to make more than 30 films that were precursors to the <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">New Wave</a> era. In 1937, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a>, the son of painter <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>, directed <i><a href="/wiki/La_Grande_Illusion" title="La Grande Illusion">La Grande Illusion</a></i> (<i>The Grand Illusion</i>). In 1939, Renoir directed <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rules_of_the_Game" title="The Rules of the Game">La Règle du Jeu</a></i> (<i>The Rules of the Game</i>). Several critics have cited this film as one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">greatest of all-time</a>, particularly for its innovative camerawork, cinematography and sound editing. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a>'s <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Paradise" title="Children of Paradise">Les Enfants du Paradis</a></i></span> (<i>Children of Paradise</i>) was filmed during World War II and released in 1945. The three-hour film was extremely difficult to make due to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_occupation_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi occupation of France">Nazi occupation</a>. Set in Paris in 1828, it was voted Best French Film of the Century in a poll of 600 French critics and professionals in the late 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post–World_War_II"><span id="Post.E2.80.93World_War_II"></span>Post–World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post–World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1940s–1970s"><span id="1940s.E2.80.931970s"></span>1940s–1970s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1940s–1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Jourdan_-_Leslie_Caron_-_Maurice_Chevalier_-_Gigi,_1958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Louis_Jourdan_-_Leslie_Caron_-_Maurice_Chevalier_-_Gigi%2C_1958.jpg/170px-Louis_Jourdan_-_Leslie_Caron_-_Maurice_Chevalier_-_Gigi%2C_1958.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Louis_Jourdan_-_Leslie_Caron_-_Maurice_Chevalier_-_Gigi%2C_1958.jpg/255px-Louis_Jourdan_-_Leslie_Caron_-_Maurice_Chevalier_-_Gigi%2C_1958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Louis_Jourdan_-_Leslie_Caron_-_Maurice_Chevalier_-_Gigi%2C_1958.jpg/340px-Louis_Jourdan_-_Leslie_Caron_-_Maurice_Chevalier_-_Gigi%2C_1958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="1550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a> with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jourdan" title="Louis Jourdan">Louis Jourdan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> on the set of <a href="/wiki/Gigi_(1958_film)" title="Gigi (1958 film)"><i>Gigi</i></a> (1958).</figcaption></figure> <p>In the magazine <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_cin%C3%A9ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahiers du cinéma">Cahiers du cinéma</a></i></span>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bazin" title="André Bazin">André Bazin</a> and two other writers in 1951, film critics raised the level of discussion of the cinema, providing a platform for the birth of modern <a href="/wiki/Film_theory" title="Film theory">film theory</a>. Several of the <i>Cahiers</i> critics, including <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Chabrol" title="Claude Chabrol">Claude Chabrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rivette" title="Jacques Rivette">Jacques Rivette</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Rohmer" title="Éric Rohmer">Éric Rohmer</a>, went on to make films themselves, creating what was to become known as the <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a>. Some of the first films of this new movement were Godard's <i><a href="/wiki/Breathless_(1960_film)" title="Breathless (1960 film)">Breathless</a></i> (<i>À bout de souffle</i>, 1960), starring <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo" title="Jean-Paul Belmondo">Jean-Paul Belmondo</a>, Rivette's <i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Belongs_to_Us" title="Paris Belongs to Us">Paris Belongs to Us</a></i> (<i>Paris nous appartient</i>, 1958 – distributed in 1961), starring <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Brialy" title="Jean-Claude Brialy">Jean-Claude Brialy</a> and Truffaut's <i><a href="/wiki/The_400_Blows" title="The 400 Blows">The 400 Blows</a></i> (<i>Les Quatre Cent Coups</i>, 1959) starring <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_L%C3%A9aud" title="Jean-Pierre Léaud">Jean-Pierre Léaud</a>. Later works are <i><a href="/wiki/Contempt_(film)" title="Contempt (film)">Contempt</a></i> (1963) by Godard starring <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Kisses" title="Stolen Kisses">Stolen Kisses</a></i> starring Léaud and <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jade" title="Claude Jade">Claude Jade</a>. Because Truffaut followed the hero of his screen debut, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Doinel" title="Antoine Doinel">Antoine Doinel</a>, for twenty years, the last post-New-Wave-film is <i><a href="/wiki/Love_on_the_Run_(1979_film)" title="Love on the Run (1979 film)">Love on the Run</a></i> in which his heroes Antoine (Léaud) and Christine (Jade) get divorced. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevan_Kragujevic,_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade,_1962_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade%2C_1962_%281%29.JPG/170px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade%2C_1962_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade%2C_1962_%281%29.JPG/255px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade%2C_1962_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade%2C_1962_%281%29.JPG/340px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade%2C_1962_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4879" data-file-height="7065" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alain_Delon" title="Alain Delon">Alain Delon</a> was known as much for his beauty as for his acting career and holds an enduring status as a leading man in French cinema.</figcaption></figure> <p>After World War II, the French actress <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a> and the French actor <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jourdan" title="Louis Jourdan">Louis Jourdan</a> enjoyed success in the United States with several <a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">musical romantic comedies</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(film)" title="An American in Paris (film)"><i>An American in Paris</i></a> (1951) and <a href="/wiki/Gigi_(1958_film)" title="Gigi (1958 film)"><i>Gigi</i></a> (1958), based on the 1944 novella of the same name by <a href="/wiki/Colette" title="Colette">Colette</a>. </p><p>Many contemporaries of Godard and Truffaut followed suit, or achieved international critical acclaim with styles of their own, such as the <a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">minimalist</a> films of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Melville" title="Jean-Pierre Melville">Jean-Pierre Melville</a>, the Hitchcockian-like thrillers of <a href="/wiki/Henri-Georges_Clouzot" title="Henri-Georges Clouzot">Henri-Georges Clouzot</a>, and other New Wave films by <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Alain Resnais</a>. The movement, while an inspiration to other national cinemas and unmistakably a direct influence on the future <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> directors, slowly faded by the end of the 1960s. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brigitte_Bardot_-_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brigitte_Bardot_-_1962.jpg/170px-Brigitte_Bardot_-_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brigitte_Bardot_-_1962.jpg/255px-Brigitte_Bardot_-_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brigitte_Bardot_-_1962.jpg/340px-Brigitte_Bardot_-_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="941" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a> was one of the most famous French actresses in the 1960s.</figcaption></figure> <p>During this period, French commercial film also made a name for itself. Immensely popular French comedies with <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Fun%C3%A8s" title="Louis de Funès">Louis de Funès</a> topped the French box office. The war comedy <i><a href="/wiki/La_Grande_Vadrouille" title="La Grande Vadrouille">La Grande Vadrouille</a></i> (1966), from <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Oury" title="Gérard Oury">Gérard Oury</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bourvil" title="Bourvil">Bourvil</a>, de Funès and <a href="/wiki/Terry-Thomas" title="Terry-Thomas">Terry-Thomas</a>, was the most successful film in French theaters for more than 30 years. Another example was <i><a href="/wiki/Delusions_of_Grandeur_(film)" title="Delusions of Grandeur (film)">La Folie des grandeurs</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a>. French cinema also was the birthplace for many subgenres of the <a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">crime film</a>, most notably the modern <a href="/wiki/Caper_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Caper film">caper film</a>, starting with 1955's <i><a href="/wiki/Rififi" title="Rififi">Rififi</a></i> by American-born director <a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Jules Dassin</a> and followed by a large number of serious, noirish heist dramas as well as playful caper comedies throughout the sixties, and the "polar," a typical French blend of <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">detective fiction</a>. </p><p>In addition, French movie stars began to claim fame abroad as well as at home. Popular actors of the period included <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Delon" title="Alain Delon">Alain Delon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romy_Schneider" title="Romy Schneider">Romy Schneider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simone_Signoret" title="Simone Signoret">Simone Signoret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo" title="Jean-Paul Belmondo">Jean-Paul Belmondo</a> and still <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avant-premi%C3%A8re_L%27Amour_en_fuite_Luxembourg_Cin%C3%A9ma_Marivaux_18_avril_1979_Photo_Carlo_Hansen_Luxembourg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Avant-premi%C3%A8re_L%27Amour_en_fuite_Luxembourg_Cin%C3%A9ma_Marivaux_18_avril_1979_Photo_Carlo_Hansen_Luxembourg.jpg/220px-Avant-premi%C3%A8re_L%27Amour_en_fuite_Luxembourg_Cin%C3%A9ma_Marivaux_18_avril_1979_Photo_Carlo_Hansen_Luxembourg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Avant-premi%C3%A8re_L%27Amour_en_fuite_Luxembourg_Cin%C3%A9ma_Marivaux_18_avril_1979_Photo_Carlo_Hansen_Luxembourg.jpg/330px-Avant-premi%C3%A8re_L%27Amour_en_fuite_Luxembourg_Cin%C3%A9ma_Marivaux_18_avril_1979_Photo_Carlo_Hansen_Luxembourg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Avant-premi%C3%A8re_L%27Amour_en_fuite_Luxembourg_Cin%C3%A9ma_Marivaux_18_avril_1979_Photo_Carlo_Hansen_Luxembourg.jpg/440px-Avant-premi%C3%A8re_L%27Amour_en_fuite_Luxembourg_Cin%C3%A9ma_Marivaux_18_avril_1979_Photo_Carlo_Hansen_Luxembourg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Director <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> and actress <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jade" title="Claude Jade">Claude Jade</a> at the première of their third common film <i><a href="/wiki/Love_on_the_Run_(1979_film)" title="Love on the Run (1979 film)">Love on the Run</a></i> in Luxembourg, April 1979</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the Sixties and the early Seventies they are completed and followed by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Noiret" title="Philippe Noiret">Philippe Noiret</a> as character actors, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Girardot" title="Annie Girardot">Annie Girardot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Trintignant" title="Jean-Louis Trintignant">Jean-Louis Trintignant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_L%C3%A9aud" title="Jean-Pierre Léaud">Jean-Pierre Léaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jade" title="Claude Jade">Claude Jade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert" title="Isabelle Huppert">Isabelle Huppert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anny_Duperey" title="Anny Duperey">Anny Duperey</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dewaere" title="Patrick Dewaere">Patrick Dewaere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Cassel" title="Jean-Pierre Cassel">Jean-Pierre Cassel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miou-Miou" title="Miou-Miou">Miou-Miou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Fossey" title="Brigitte Fossey">Brigitte Fossey</a>, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Audran" title="Stéphane Audran">Stéphane Audran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Adjani" title="Isabelle Adjani">Isabelle Adjani</a>. During the Eightees they are added by a new generation including <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Marceau" title="Sophie Marceau">Sophie Marceau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_B%C3%A9art" title="Emmanuelle Béart">Emmanuelle Béart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Hugues_Anglade" title="Jean-Hugues Anglade">Jean-Hugues Anglade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabine_Azema" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabine Azema">Sabine Azema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juliette_Binoche" title="Juliette Binoche">Juliette Binoche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auteuil" title="Daniel Auteuil">Daniel Auteuil</a>. </p><p><br /> In 1968, the May riots shook France. <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> had already organised demonstrations in February against <a href="/wiki/Henri_Langlois" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a>'s removal as head of the <a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Cinémathèque française">Cinémathèque française</a> and dedicated his film <i><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Kisses" title="Stolen Kisses">Stolen Kisses</a></i>, which was being made, to Langlois. The Cannes Film Festival is cancelled – on the initiative of Truffaut, Godard and Louis Malle. Jean-Luc Godard no longer works in the commercial film business for years. Political films such as <a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Z_(1969_film)" title="Z (1969 film)">Z</a></i> celebrate success. Chabrol continues his vivisection of the bourgeoisie (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Unfaithful_Wife" title="The Unfaithful Wife">The Unfaithful Wife</a></i>) and Truffaut explores the possibility of bourgeois marital happiness (<i><a href="/wiki/Bed_and_Board_(film)" title="Bed and Board (film)">Bed and Board</a></i>). While Godard disappears from cinema after the Nouvelle Vague except for a few essays, Truffaut and Chabrol remain the leading directors whose artistic aspects remain commercially successful. Other directors of the 1970s in this effect are <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Tavernier" title="Bertrand Tavernier">Bertrand Tavernier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Sautet" title="Claude Sautet">Claude Sautet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Rohmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Rohmer">Eric Rohmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lelouch" title="Claude Lelouch">Claude Lelouch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lautner" title="Georges Lautner">Georges Lautner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Rappeneau" title="Jean-Paul Rappeneau">Jean-Paul Rappeneau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Deville" title="Michel Deville">Michel Deville</a> <a href="/wiki/Yves_Boisset" title="Yves Boisset">Yves Boisset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pialat" title="Maurice Pialat">Maurice Pialat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Blier" title="Bertrand Blier">Bertrand Blier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coline_Serreau" title="Coline Serreau">Coline Serreau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_T%C3%A9chin%C3%A9" title="André Téchiné">André Téchiné</a> in purely entertainment films, it is <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Oury" title="Gérard Oury">Gérard Oury</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Molinaro" title="Édouard Molinaro">Édouard Molinaro</a>. </p><p>The 1979 film <i><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(film)" title="La Cage aux Folles (film)">La Cage aux Folles</a></i> ran for well over a year at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Theatre" title="Paris Theatre">Paris Theatre</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Arthouse_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthouse cinema">arthouse cinema</a> in New York City, and was a commercial success at theaters throughout the country, in both urban and rural areas. It won the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a>, and for years it remained the most successful foreign film to be released in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1980s">1980s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DARRIEUX_Danielle-24x30-2008b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DARRIEUX_Danielle-24x30-2008b.jpg/170px-DARRIEUX_Danielle-24x30-2008b.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DARRIEUX_Danielle-24x30-2008b.jpg/255px-DARRIEUX_Danielle-24x30-2008b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DARRIEUX_Danielle-24x30-2008b.jpg/340px-DARRIEUX_Danielle-24x30-2008b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Darrieux" title="Danielle Darrieux">Danielle Darrieux</a> (pictured in 2008) was a French centenarian, who had one of the longest careers in French cinema, spanning eight decades</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Beineix" title="Jean-Jacques Beineix">Jean-Jacques Beineix</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Diva_(1981_film)" title="Diva (1981 film)">Diva</a></i> (1981) sparked the beginning of the 1980s wave of French cinema. Movies which followed in its wake included <i><a href="/wiki/Betty_Blue" title="Betty Blue">Betty Blue</a></i> (<i>37°2 le matin</i>, 1986) by Beineix, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Blue" title="The Big Blue">The Big Blue</a></i> (<i>Le Grand bleu</i>, 1988) by <a href="/wiki/Luc_Besson" title="Luc Besson">Luc Besson</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lovers_on_the_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lovers on the Bridge">The Lovers on the Bridge</a></i> (<i>Les Amants du Pont-Neuf</i>, 1991) by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9os_Carax" class="mw-redirect" title="Léos Carax">Léos Carax</a>. Made with a slick commercial style and emphasizing the alienation of their main characters, these films are representative of the style known as <i><a href="/wiki/Cinema_du_look" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema du look">Cinema du look</a></i>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel_(film)" title="Camille Claudel (film)">Camille Claudel</a></i>, directed by newcomer <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Nuytten" title="Bruno Nuytten">Bruno Nuytten</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Adjani" title="Isabelle Adjani">Isabelle Adjani</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a>, was a major commercial success in 1988, earning Adjani, who was also the film's co-producer, a <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="César Award">César Award</a> for best actress. The <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical drama</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Florette" title="Jean de Florette">Jean de Florette</a></i> (1986) and its sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Manon_des_Sources_(1986_film)" title="Manon des Sources (1986 film)">Manon des Sources</a></i> (1986) were among the highest grossing French films in history and brought Daniel Auteuil international recognition. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Bassan" title="Raphaël Bassan">Raphaël Bassan</a>, in his article «<i><a href="/wiki/The_Angel_(1982_film)" title="The Angel (1982 film)">The Angel</a></i>: Un météore dans le ciel de l'animation,» <i>La Revue du cinéma</i>, n° 393, avril 1984. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bokanowski" title="Patrick Bokanowski">Patrick Bokanowski</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Angel_(1982_film)" title="The Angel (1982 film)">The Angel</a></i>, shown in <a href="/wiki/1982_in_film" title="1982 in film">1982</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1982_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1982 Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>, can be considered the beginnings of contemporary animation. The masks erase all human personality in the characters. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bokanowski" title="Patrick Bokanowski">Patrick Bokanowski</a> would thus have total control over the "matter" of the image and its optical composition. This is especially noticeable throughout the film, with images taken through distorted objectives or a plastic work on the sets and costumes, for example in the scene of the designer. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bokanowski" title="Patrick Bokanowski">Patrick Bokanowski</a> creates his own universe and obeys his own aesthetic logic. It takes us through a series of distorted areas, obscure visions, metamorphoses and synthetic objects. Indeed, in the film, the human may be viewed as a fetish object (for example, the doll hanging by a thread), with reference to <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka#"Kafkaesque"" title="Franz Kafka">Kafkaesque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siegmund_Freud" class="mw-redirect" title="Siegmund Freud">Freudian</a> theories on <a href="/wiki/Automaton" title="Automaton">automata</a> and the fear of man faced with something as complex as him. The ascent of the stairs would be the liberation of the ideas of death, culture, and sex that makes us reach the emblematic figure of the angel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1990s">1990s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juliette_Binoche_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Juliette_Binoche_2000.jpg/170px-Juliette_Binoche_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Juliette_Binoche_2000.jpg/255px-Juliette_Binoche_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Juliette_Binoche_2000.jpg/340px-Juliette_Binoche_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Binoche" title="Juliette Binoche">Juliette Binoche</a> at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival</figcaption></figure> <p>Jean-Paul Rappeneau's <i><a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(1990_film)" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (1990 film)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a></i> was a major box-office success in 1990, earning several <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="César Award">César Awards</a>, including best actor for <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a>, as well as an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> nomination for best foreign picture. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Luc_Besson" title="Luc Besson">Luc Besson</a> made <i><a href="/wiki/La_Femme_Nikita_(film)" title="La Femme Nikita (film)">La Femme Nikita</a></i> in 1990, a movie that inspired remakes in both United States and in Hong Kong. In 1994, he also made <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on:_The_Professional" title="Léon: The Professional">Léon</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Reno" title="Jean Reno">Jean Reno</a> and a young <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Portman" title="Natalie Portman">Natalie Portman</a>), and in 1997 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Element" title="The Fifth Element">The Fifth Element</a></i>, which became a cult favorite and launched the career of <a href="/wiki/Milla_Jovovich" title="Milla Jovovich">Milla Jovovich</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jeunet" title="Jean-Pierre Jeunet">Jean-Pierre Jeunet</a> made <i><a href="/wiki/Delicatessen_(1991_film)" title="Delicatessen (1991 film)">Delicatessen</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_City_of_Lost_Children" title="The City of Lost Children">The City of Lost Children</a></i> (<i>La Cité des enfants perdus</i>), both of which featured a distinctly fantastical style. </p><p>In 1992, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Sautet" title="Claude Sautet">Claude Sautet</a> co-wrote (with Jacques Fieschi) and directed <i><a href="/wiki/Un_Coeur_en_Hiver" class="mw-redirect" title="Un Coeur en Hiver">Un Coeur en Hiver</a></i>, considered by many to be a masterpiece. <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Kassovitz" title="Mathieu Kassovitz">Mathieu Kassovitz</a>'s 1995 film <i>Hate</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/La_Haine" title="La Haine">La Haine</a></i>) received critical praise and made <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Cassel" title="Vincent Cassel">Vincent Cassel</a> a star, and in 1997, <a href="/wiki/Juliette_Binoche" title="Juliette Binoche">Juliette Binoche</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress">Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress</a> for her role in <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Patient_(film)" title="The English Patient (film)">The English Patient</a></i>. </p><p>The success of <a href="/wiki/Michel_Ocelot" title="Michel Ocelot">Michel Ocelot</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Kirikou_and_the_Sorceress" title="Kirikou and the Sorceress">Kirikou and the Sorceress</a></i> in 1998 rejuvenated the production of original feature-length animated films by such filmmakers as <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Laguionie" title="Jean-François Laguionie">Jean-François Laguionie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Chomet" title="Sylvain Chomet">Sylvain Chomet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2000s">2000s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marion_Cotillard_Cabourg_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Marion Cotillard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Marion_Cotillard_Cabourg_2017.jpg/140px-Marion_Cotillard_Cabourg_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Marion_Cotillard_Cabourg_2017.jpg/210px-Marion_Cotillard_Cabourg_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Marion_Cotillard_Cabourg_2017.jpg/280px-Marion_Cotillard_Cabourg_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Dujardin_Cannes_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jean Dujardin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jean_Dujardin_Cannes_2011.jpg/140px-Jean_Dujardin_Cannes_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jean_Dujardin_Cannes_2011.jpg/210px-Jean_Dujardin_Cannes_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jean_Dujardin_Cannes_2011.jpg/280px-Jean_Dujardin_Cannes_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Marion_Cotillard" title="Marion Cotillard">Marion Cotillard</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dujardin" title="Jean Dujardin">Jean Dujardin</a> (right), both awarded with an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, for their respective roles in <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_en_rose_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Vie en rose (film)">La Vie en Rose</a></i> (2007) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_(film)" title="The Artist (film)">The Artist</a></i> (2011).</div></div></div></div> <p>In 2000, Philippe Binant realized the first <a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">digital cinema</a> projection in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a>, in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, after a brief stint in Hollywood, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jeunet" title="Jean-Pierre Jeunet">Jean-Pierre Jeunet</a> returned to France with <i><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie" title="Amélie">Amélie</a></i> (<i>Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain</i>) starring <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Tautou" title="Audrey Tautou">Audrey Tautou</a>. It became the highest-grossing French-language film ever released in the United States. The following year, <i><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_the_Wolf" title="Brotherhood of the Wolf">Brotherhood of the Wolf</a></i> became the sixth-highest-grossing French-language film of all time in the United States and went on to gross more than $70 million worldwide. </p><p>In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Marion_Cotillard" title="Marion Cotillard">Marion Cotillard</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role</a> for her portrayal of legendary French singer <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Piaf" title="Édith Piaf">Édith Piaf</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_en_Rose_(film)" title="La Vie en Rose (film)">La Vie en Rose</a></i>, the first French-language performance to be so honored. The film won two Oscars and four <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTAs</a> and became the third-highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980. Cotillard was the first female and second person to win both an Academy Award and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="César Award">César Award</a> for the same performance. </p><p>At the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Entre_les_murs" class="mw-redirect" title="Entre les murs">Entre les murs</a></i> (<i>The Class</i>) won the <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a>, the 6th French victory at the festival. The 2000s also saw an increase in the number of individual competitive awards won by French artists at the Cannes Festival, for <a href="/wiki/Best_Director_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Director Award (Cannes Film Festival)">direction</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tony_Gatlif" title="Tony Gatlif">Tony Gatlif</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Exils" title="Exils">Exils</a></i>, 2004), <a href="/wiki/Best_Screenplay_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Screenplay Award (Cannes Film Festival)">screenplay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Jaoui" title="Agnès Jaoui">Agnès Jaoui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bacri" title="Jean-Pierre Bacri">Jean-Pierre Bacri</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Look_at_Me_(2004_film)" title="Look at Me (2004 film)">Look at Me</a></i>, 2004), <a href="/wiki/Best_Actress_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Actress Award (Cannes Film Festival)">female acting</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert" title="Isabelle Huppert">Isabelle Huppert</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Piano_Teacher_(film)" title="The Piano Teacher (film)">The Piano Teacher</a></i>, 2001; <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Gainsbourg" title="Charlotte Gainsbourg">Charlotte Gainsbourg</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Antichrist_(film)" title="Antichrist (film)">Antichrist</a></i>, 2009) and male acting (<a href="/wiki/Jamel_Debbouze" title="Jamel Debbouze">Jamel Debbouze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samy_Naceri" title="Samy Naceri">Samy Naceri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roschdy_Zem" title="Roschdy Zem">Roschdy Zem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sami_Bouajila" title="Sami Bouajila">Sami Bouajila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Blancan" title="Bernard Blancan">Bernard Blancan</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Glory_(2006_film)" title="Days of Glory (2006 film)">Days of Glory</a></i>, 2006). </p><p>The 2008 rural comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Bienvenue_chez_les_Ch%27tis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis">Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis</a></i> drew an audience of more than 20 million, the first French film to do so. Its $193 million gross in France puts it just behind <i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a></i> as the most successful film of all time in French theaters. </p><p>In the 2000s, several French directors made international productions, often in the action genre. These include <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Pir%C3%A8s" title="Gérard Pirès">Gérard Pirès</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Steal_(film)" title="Steal (film)">Riders</a></i>, 2002), <a href="/wiki/Pitof" title="Pitof">Pitof</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Catwoman_(film)" title="Catwoman (film)">Catwoman</a></i>, 2004), <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Richet" title="Jean-François Richet">Jean-François Richet</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Assault_on_Precinct_13_(2005_film)" title="Assault on Precinct 13 (2005 film)">Assault on Precinct 13</a></i>, 2005), <a href="/wiki/Florent_Emilio_Siri" class="mw-redirect" title="Florent Emilio Siri">Florent Emilio Siri</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hostage_(2005_film)" title="Hostage (2005 film)">Hostage</a></i>, 2005), <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Gans" title="Christophe Gans">Christophe Gans</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_(film)" title="Silent Hill (film)">Silent Hill</a></i>, 2006), <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Kassovitz" title="Mathieu Kassovitz">Mathieu Kassovitz</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Babylon_A.D." title="Babylon A.D.">Babylon A.D.</a></i>, 2008), <a href="/wiki/Louis_Leterrier" title="Louis Leterrier">Louis Leterrier</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Transporter" title="The Transporter">The Transporter</a></i>, 2002; <i><a href="/wiki/Transporter_2" title="Transporter 2">Transporter 2</a></i>, 2005; <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Megaton" title="Olivier Megaton">Olivier Megaton</a> directed <i><a href="/wiki/Transporter_3" title="Transporter 3">Transporter 3</a></i>, 2008), <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Aja" title="Alexandre Aja">Alexandre Aja</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mirrors_(2008_film)" title="Mirrors (2008 film)">Mirrors</a></i>, 2008), and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Morel" title="Pierre Morel">Pierre Morel</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Taken_(film)" title="Taken (film)">Taken</a></i>, 2009). </p><p>Surveying the entire range of French filmmaking today, Tim Palmer calls contemporary cinema in France a kind of eco-system, in which commercial cinema co-exists with artistic radicalism, first-time directors (who make up about 40% of all France's directors each year) mingle with veterans, and there even occasionally emerges a fascinating pop-art hybridity, in which the features of intellectual and mass cinemas are interrelated (as in filmmakers like Valeria Bruni-Tedeschi, Olivier Assayas, Maïwenn, Sophie Fillières, Serge Bozon, and others).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010s">2010s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%A9a_Seydoux_Cannes_2014_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/L%C3%A9a_Seydoux_Cannes_2014_2.jpg/170px-L%C3%A9a_Seydoux_Cannes_2014_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/L%C3%A9a_Seydoux_Cannes_2014_2.jpg/255px-L%C3%A9a_Seydoux_Cannes_2014_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/L%C3%A9a_Seydoux_Cannes_2014_2.jpg/340px-L%C3%A9a_Seydoux_Cannes_2014_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9a_Seydoux" title="Léa Seydoux">Léa Seydoux</a> at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most noticed and best reviewed films of 2010 was the drama <i><a href="/wiki/Of_Gods_and_Men_(film)" title="Of Gods and Men (film)">Of Gods and Men</a></i> (<i>Des hommes et des dieux</i>), about the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_the_monks_of_Tibhirine" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of the monks of Tibhirine">assassination of seven monks in Tibhirine, Algeria</a>. 2011 saw the release of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_(film)" title="The Artist (film)">The Artist</a></i>, a silent film shot in black and white by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> that reflected on the end of Hollywood's <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent era</a>. </p><p>French cinema continued its upward trend of earning awards at the Cannes Festival, including the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" title="Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)">Grand Prix</a> for <i>Of Gods and Men</i> (2010) and the <a href="/wiki/Jury_Prize_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" title="Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival)">Jury Prize</a> for <a href="/wiki/Poliss" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliss">Poliss</a> (2011); the <a href="/wiki/Best_Director_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Director Award (Cannes Film Festival)">Best Director Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Amalric" title="Mathieu Amalric">Mathieu Amalric</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/On_Tour_(2010_film)" title="On Tour (2010 film)">On Tour</a></i>, 2010); the <a href="/wiki/Best_Actress_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Actress Award (Cannes Film Festival)">Best Actress Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Juliette_Binoche" title="Juliette Binoche">Juliette Binoche</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Certified_Copy_(film)" title="Certified Copy (film)">Certified Copy</a></i>, 2010); and the <a href="/wiki/Best_Actor_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Actor Award (Cannes Film Festival)">Best Actor Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dujardin" title="Jean Dujardin">Jean Dujardin</a> (<i>The Artist</i>, 2011). </p><p>In 2011, the film <i><a href="/wiki/Intouchables" class="mw-redirect" title="Intouchables">Intouchables</a></i> became the most watched film in France (including the foreign films). After ten weeks nearly 17.5 million people had seen the film in France,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intouchables was the second most-seen French movie of all time in France, and the third including foreign movies. </p><p>In 2012, with 226 million admissions (US$1,900 million) in the world for French films (582 films released in 84 countries), including 82<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> million admissions in France (US$700 million), 2012 was the fourth best year since 1985. With 144 million admissions outside France (US$1,200 million),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2012 was the best year since at least 1994 (since <a href="/wiki/Unifrance" title="Unifrance">Unifrance</a> collects data),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the French cinema reached a market share of 2.95% of worldwide admissions and of 4.86% of worldwide sales.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three films particularly contributed to this record year: <i><a href="/wiki/Taken_2" title="Taken 2">Taken 2</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intouchables" title="The Intouchables">The Intouchables</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_(film)" title="The Artist (film)">The Artist</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, films shot in French ranked 4th in admissions (145 million) behind films shot in English (more than a billion admissions in the US alone), Hindi (?: no accurate data but estimated at 3 billion for the whole India/Indian languages) and Chinese (275 million in China plus a few million abroad), but above films shot in Korean (115 million admissions in South Korea plus a few millions abroad) and Japanese (102 million admissions in Japan plus a few million abroad,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a record since 1973 et its 104 million admissions). French-language movies ranked 2nd in export (outside of French-speaking countries) after films in English. 2012 was also the year French animation studio <a href="/wiki/Mac_Guff" title="Mac Guff">Mac Guff</a> was acquired by an American studio, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, through its <a href="/wiki/Illumination_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Illumination Entertainment">Illumination Entertainment</a> subsidiary. Illumination Mac Guff became the animation studio for some of the top English-language animated movies of the 2010s, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lorax_(film)" title="The Lorax (film)">The Lorax</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Despicable_Me" title="Despicable Me">Despicable Me</a></i> franchise. </p><p>In 2015 French cinema sold 106 million tickets and grossed €600 million outside of the country. The highest-grossing film was <i><a href="/wiki/Taken_3" title="Taken 3">Taken 3</a></i> (€261.7 million) and the largest territory in admissions was China (14.7 million).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that year, France produced more films than any other European country, producing a record-breaking 300 feature-length films.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France is one of the few countries where non-American productions have the biggest share; American films only represented 44.9% of total admissions in 2014. This is largely due to the commercial strength of domestic productions.<sup id="cite_ref-cnc.fr_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnc.fr-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_support">Government support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmed%27or.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/220px-Palmed%27or.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/330px-Palmed%27or.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/440px-Palmed%27or.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a> ("Golden Palm"), the most prestigious award given out at <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Film_crew_in_trompe_l%27oeil_mural,_Cin%C3%A9ma_Vox,_Chamonix-Mont-Blanc,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Film_crew_in_trompe_l%27oeil_mural%2C_Cin%C3%A9ma_Vox%2C_Chamonix-Mont-Blanc%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Film_crew_in_trompe_l%27oeil_mural%2C_Cin%C3%A9ma_Vox%2C_Chamonix-Mont-Blanc%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Film_crew_in_trompe_l%27oeil_mural%2C_Cin%C3%A9ma_Vox%2C_Chamonix-Mont-Blanc%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Film_crew_in_trompe_l%27oeil_mural%2C_Cin%C3%A9ma_Vox%2C_Chamonix-Mont-Blanc%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Film_crew_in_trompe_l%27oeil_mural%2C_Cin%C3%A9ma_Vox%2C_Chamonix-Mont-Blanc%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Film_crew_in_trompe_l%27oeil_mural%2C_Cin%C3%A9ma_Vox%2C_Chamonix-Mont-Blanc%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2614" data-file-height="1738" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trompe_l%27oeil" class="mw-redirect" title="Trompe l'oeil">Trompe l'oeil</a> mural on a movie theater in <a href="/wiki/Chamonix-Mont-Blanc" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamonix-Mont-Blanc">Chamonix</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In 2013, France was the second largest exporter of films in the world after the United States, and a 2014 study showed that French cinema was the most appreciated by global audiences after that of the US.<sup id="cite_ref-unifrance.org_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unifrance.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>France has had a very strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the <a href="/wiki/French_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="French Government">French Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_1995-02-28_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_1995-02-28-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French government has implemented various measures aimed at supporting local film production and movie theaters. <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Canal%2B" title="Groupe Canal+">Canal+</a> has a broadcast license requiring it to support the production of movies. Some taxes are levied on movies and TV channels for use as subsidies for movie production.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The French national and regional governments also involve themselves in film production. For example, the award-winning documentary <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Land_of_the_Deaf" title="In the Land of the Deaf">In the Land of the Deaf</a></i> (<i>Le Pays des sourds</i>), created by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Philibert" title="Nicolas Philibert">Nicolas Philibert</a> in 1992, was co-produced by multinational partners, reducing the financial risks inherent in the project and ensuring enhanced distribution opportunities.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rhone1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhone1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-frdiplomatie_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frdiplomatie-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Movie_theaters">Movie theaters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Movie theaters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 2 February 2000 in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, Philippe Binant realized the first <a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">digital cinema</a> projection in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, with the DLP Cinema technology developed by <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google.com_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011 Paris had the highest density of cinemas in the world, measured by the number of <a href="/wiki/Movie_theaters" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie theaters">movie theaters</a> per inhabitant,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most downtown Paris movie theaters, foreign or <a href="/wiki/Arthouse_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthouse film">arthouse films</a> movies are shown alongside mainstream movies. </p><p>Paris also boasts the <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_du_cin%C3%A9ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cité du cinéma">Cité du cinéma</a>, a major studio north of the city, and Disney Studio, a theme park devoted to the cinema.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="25%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Est. </th> <th width="10%">City </th> <th width="15%">Type </th> <th width="30%">Details </th> <th width="15%">Website </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amiens_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiens International Film Festival">Amiens International Film Festival</a></td> <td>1982</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Annual festival focusing on the cinemas of Europe, Asia and Latin America.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.filmfestamiens.org">http://www.filmfestamiens.org</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Festival_du_Film_Merveilleux" title="Festival du Film Merveilleux">Festival du Film Merveilleux</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>International</td> <td>Annual film festival celebrating the imaginary, the Wonder and magic from all over the world.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.festival-film-merveilleux.com/">http://www.festival-film-merveilleux.com/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Annecy_International_Animated_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Annecy International Animated Film Festival">Annecy International Animated Film Festival</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.annecy.org">http://www.annecy.org</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Festival du Film Européen Beauvais-Oise</td> <td>1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a></td> <td>Europe</td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.beauvaisfilmfest.com">http://www.beauvaisfilmfest.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Festival International du Film Ecologique de Bourges</td> <td>2005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a></td> <td>Environmental</td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121109231709/http://www.festival-film-bourges.fr/english/ecological-film-festival.php">https://web.archive.org/web/20121109231709/http://www.festival-film-bourges.fr/english/ecological-film-festival.php</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cabestany Short Film Festival</td> <td>1981</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cabestany" title="Cabestany">Cabestany</a></td> <td>International</td> <td>Annual short film festival</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.courts-metrages.org">http://www.courts-metrages.org</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a></td> <td>1939</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a></td> <td>International</td> <td>One of the world's oldest, most influential and prestigious festivals, it is held annually (usually in May) at the <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Festivals_et_des_Congr%C3%A8s" title="Palais des Festivals et des Congrès">Palais des Festivals et des Congrès</a>.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.festival-cannes.com">http://www.festival-cannes.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CineHorizontes – Festival de cinéma espagnol de Marseille</td> <td>2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>One of the best Spanish film festivals in France</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cinehorizontes.com">http://www.cinehorizontes.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cinéma du réel – International Documentary Film Festival</td> <td>1978</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>Special interest</td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cinereel.org">http://www.cinereel.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100311195211/http://www.cinereel.org/">Archived</a> 11 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil_International_Women%27s_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Créteil International Women's Film Festival">Créteil International Women's Film Festival</a></td> <td>1978</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Showcase of films by female directors.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.filmsdefemmes.com/">http://www.filmsdefemmes.com/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deauville_American_Film_Festival" title="Deauville American Film Festival">Deauville American Film Festival</a></td> <td>1975</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deauville" title="Deauville">Deauville</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Annual festival devoted to <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">American cinema</a>.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.festival-deauville.com/">http://www.festival-deauville.com/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deauville_Asian_Film_Festival" title="Deauville Asian Film Festival">Deauville Asian Film Festival</a></td> <td>1999</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deauville" title="Deauville">Deauville</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Annual festival devoted to <a href="/wiki/Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian cinema">Asian cinema</a>.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.deauvilleasia.com/">http://www.deauvilleasia.com/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89CU_The_European_Independent_Film_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="ÉCU The European Independent Film festival">ÉCU The European Independent Film festival</a></td> <td>2006</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>Special Interest</td> <td>Annual festival devoted to <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent cinema</a> .</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ecufilmfestival.com/">http://www.ecufilmfestival.com/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902080241/http://www.ecufilmfestival.com/">Archived</a> 2 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fantastique semaine du cinéma</td> <td>2010</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></td> <td>International</td> <td>Annual festival devoted to <a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">horror</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">fantastic</a> cinema (<i>Festival du Film Fantastique</i>) cinema </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cinenasty.com/">http://www.cinenasty.com/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160612041127/http://www.cinenasty.com/">Archived</a> 12 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hallucinations Collectives</td> <td>2008</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Annual festival devoted to Horror, fantastic, strange and cult cinema.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hallucinations-collectives.com">http://www.hallucinations-collectives.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fantastic%27Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantastic'Arts">Fantastic'Arts</a></td> <td>1994</td> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rardmer" title="Gérardmer">Gérardmer</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Annual festival devoted to <a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">horror</a> and fantastic cinema (<i>Festival du Film Fantastique</i>) cinema </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gerardmer-fantasticart.com/">http://www.gerardmer-fantasticart.com/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101213062435/http://www.gerardmer-fantasticart.com/">Archived</a> 2010-12-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Festival du Film Polonais Cat.Studios</td> <td>2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Annual festival devoted to <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Polish cinema</a>.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.catstudios.net">http://www.catstudios.net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217010326/http://catstudios.net/">Archived</a> 17 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Festival du Film Web</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oloron-Sainte-Marie" title="Oloron-Sainte-Marie">Oloron-Sainte-Marie</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fantasy film festival</td> <td>2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Annual festival devoted to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sci-FI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sci-FI (page does not exist)">Sci-FI</a> and fantastic cinema (<i>Festival international du Film Fantastique de Menton</i>) cinema</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.festival-film-fantastique.com/">https://www.festival-film-fantastique.com/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Festival International du Film de Montagne</td> <td>1984</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autrans" title="Autrans">Autrans</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain film</a></td> <td>first week in December</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.festival-autrans.com">http://www.festival-autrans.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Festival Pocket Film</td> <td></td> <td>Paris</td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Mobile phone film festival.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112050323/http://www.festivalpocketfilms.fr/">https://web.archive.org/web/20191112050323/http://www.festivalpocketfilms.fr/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Festival international du film des droits de l'homme de Paris</td> <td>2003</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>International</td> <td>Features and shorts documentaries on human rights issues. Once a year, in February or March. Also present in other cities in France.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.festival-droitsdelhomme.org/paris/">http://www.festival-droitsdelhomme.org/paris/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160608131010/http://www.festival-droitsdelhomme.org/paris/">Archived</a> 2016-06-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>International Festival of Audiovisual Programs</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Biarritz" title="Biarritz">Biarritz</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060701172343/http://www.fipa.tm.fr/">https://web.archive.org/web/20060701172343/http://www.fipa.tm.fr/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_student_short-film_festival_of_Cergy-Pontoise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International student short-film festival of Cergy-Pontoise (page does not exist)">International student short-film festival of Cergy-Pontoise</a></td> <td>1991</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cergy-Pontoise" title="Cergy-Pontoise">Cergy-Pontoise</a></td> <td>International</td> <td>Student Festival</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lefestivalducourt.org/">http://lefestivalducourt.org/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_Arcs_Film_Festival" title="Les Arcs Film Festival">Les Arcs Film Festival</a></td> <td>2009</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bourg-Saint-Maurice" title="Bourg-Saint-Maurice">Bourg-Saint-Maurice</a></td> <td>European</td> <td>Held in December</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://lesarcs-filmfest.com/fr">https://lesarcs-filmfest.com/fr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marseille_Festival_of_Documentary_Film" title="Marseille Festival of Documentary Film">Marseille Film Festival</a></td> <td>1989</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></td> <td>International</td> <td>Held in July</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.fidmarseille.org/">http://www.fidmarseille.org/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NollywoodWeek Paris</td> <td>2013</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>Special Interest</td> <td>Annual festival in late May showcasing the top new films from Nigerian filmmakers and Nollywood</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nollywoodweek.com/">http://www.nollywoodweek.com/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_du_Cin%C3%A9ma_europ%C3%A9en_de_Lille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festival du Cinéma européen de Lille (page does not exist)">Festival du Cinéma européen de Lille</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_du_cin%C3%A9ma_europ%C3%A9en_de_Lille" class="extiw" title="fr:Festival du cinéma européen de Lille">fr</a>]</span></td> <td>1984</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>European short movies competition</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://eurofilmfest-lille.com/">https://eurofilmfest-lille.com/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Festival_Paris_Cin%C3%A9ma" title="Festival Paris Cinéma">Paris Film Festival</a></td> <td>2003</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>International</td> <td>Annual festival held in between June and July.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pariscinema.org/">http://www.pariscinema.org/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premiers_Plans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premiers Plans (page does not exist)">Premiers Plans</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Showcase of European directorial debut films.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.premiersplans.org/">http://www.premiersplans.org/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Three_Continents_Festival" title="Three Continents Festival">Three Continents Festival</a></td> <td>1979</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Annual festival is devoted to the cinemas of <a href="/wiki/Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian cinema">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="African cinema">Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin America</a>.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.3continents.com">http://www.3continents.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tréguier International Film Festival</td> <td>2009</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9guier" title="Tréguier">Tréguier</a></td> <td>International</td> <td>Annual festival held in July. Open to all filmmakers.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.treguierfilmfest.com">http://www.treguierfilmfest.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023052143/http://www.treguierfilmfest.com/">Archived</a> 2020-10-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Utopiales – Nantes International Science-Fiction Festival</td> <td>1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></td> <td>Special interest</td> <td>Annual sci-fi festival.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.utopiales.org/">http://www.utopiales.org/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>European Student Film Festival</td> <td>2006</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>International</td> <td>Has competition, November 14 to 18, 2012</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.esff.org/">http://www.esff.org/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110164715/http://esff.org/">Archived</a> 2016-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Toulouse Indian Film Festival</td> <td>2013</td> <td>Toulouse</td> <td>India and Indian subcontinent</td> <td>Has competition, Annual April 22 to 26, 2020</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ffif.fr/">http://www.ffif.fr/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200124134712/http://www.ffif.fr/">Archived</a> 24 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_distribution_and_production_companies">Film distribution and production companies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Film distribution and production companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Path%C3%A9_News%E2%80%94Noth-South-East-West_1915.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Path%C3%A9_News%E2%80%94Noth-South-East-West_1915.png/220px-Path%C3%A9_News%E2%80%94Noth-South-East-West_1915.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Path%C3%A9_News%E2%80%94Noth-South-East-West_1915.png/330px-Path%C3%A9_News%E2%80%94Noth-South-East-West_1915.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Path%C3%A9_News%E2%80%94Noth-South-East-West_1915.png/440px-Path%C3%A9_News%E2%80%94Noth-South-East-West_1915.png 2x" data-file-width="2238" data-file-height="3108" /></a><figcaption>Poster for <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> News, c.1915</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable French film distribution and/or production companies include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad_Vitam_(company)" title="Ad Vitam (company)">Ad Vitam</a></li> <li>Alfama Films</li> <li>ARP Sélection</li> <li>Bac Films</li> <li>Diaphana Films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuropaCorp" title="EuropaCorp">EuropaCorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumont Film Company">Gaumont</a></li> <li>Haut et Court</li> <li>KMBO</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pacte" title="Le Pacte">Le Pacte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Films_du_Losange" title="Les Films du Losange">Les Films du Losange</a></li> <li>Mars Films</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK2_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK2 (company) (page does not exist)">MK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Europ%C3%A9enne" title="Pan-Européenne">Pan-Européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a></li> <li>Pyramide Distribution</li> <li>Rezo Films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SND_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="SND Films">SND Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudioCanal" title="StudioCanal">StudioCanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGC_(cinema_operator)" title="UGC (cinema operator)">UGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bunch_(film_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild Bunch (film company)">Wild Bunch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allegations_of_sex_abuse_and_coverups">Allegations of sex abuse and coverups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Allegations of sex abuse and coverups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2024, French actress and director <a href="/wiki/Judith_Godr%C3%A8che" title="Judith Godrèche">Judith Godrèche</a> called for the French film industry to “face the truth” on sexual violence and physical abuse during an appearance she made during the live broadcast of the <a href="/wiki/2024_Cesar_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Cesar Awards">2024 Cesar Awards</a> ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-callsfor_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-callsfor-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly before this, Godrèche claimed that she was sexually abused by prominent French directors <a href="/wiki/Benoit_Jacquot" class="mw-redirect" title="Benoit Jacquot">Benoit Jacquot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doillon" title="Jacques Doillon">Jacques Doillon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-callsfor_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-callsfor-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-investigations_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-investigations-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2024, the <a href="/wiki/French_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="French parliament">French parliament</a> launched a Commission to investigation reports of sex abuse in the French film industry.<sup id="cite_ref-investigations_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-investigations-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2024, in the wake of the investigation, and later rape charge, against Jacquot for separate sex abuse allegations, it was reported that several men in the French filmmaking industry were facing a flurry of sex abuse allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-abusereports_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abusereports-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also alleged that the industry provided a cover for abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-abusereports_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abusereports-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_actors" title="List of French actors">List of French actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_directors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French directors">List of French directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French-language_films" title="List of French-language films">List of French-language films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_comedy_films" title="French comedy films">French comedy films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_France" title="List of highest-grossing films in France">List of highest-grossing films in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_film_awards" title="Category:French film awards">French film awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the world">Cinema of the world</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cnc2015-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnc2015_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnc2015_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnc.fr/web/fr/actualites/-/liste/18/6949146">"Les chiffres clés du cinéma français en 2014 dévoilés avant Cannes"</a>. CNC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518171538/http://www.cnc.fr/web/fr/actualites/-/liste/18/6949146">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+chiffres+cl%C3%A9s+du+cin%C3%A9ma+fran%C3%A7ais+en+2014+d%C3%A9voil%C3%A9s+avant+Cannes&rft.pub=CNC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnc.fr%2Fweb%2Ffr%2Factualites%2F-%2Fliste%2F18%2F6949146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnc.fr/documents/36995/153434/CNC_Bilan_2018.pdf/f97eb201-5bce-38b0-3b1d-190377f4bef8">"Bilan 2018"</a>. <i>cnc.fr</i> (in French). 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnc.fr&rft.atitle=Bilan+2018&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnc.fr%2Fdocuments%2F36995%2F153434%2FCNC_Bilan_2018.pdf%2Ff97eb201-5bce-38b0-3b1d-190377f4bef8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_1995-02-28-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1995-02-28_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1995-02-28_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Riding1995" class="citation news cs1">Alan Riding (28 February 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/28/movies/the-birthplace-celebrates-film-s-big-1-0-0.html">"The Birthplace Celebrates Film's Big 1-0-0"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170626084746/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/28/movies/the-birthplace-celebrates-film-s-big-1-0-0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Birthplace+Celebrates+Film%27s+Big+1-0-0&rft.date=1995-02-28&rft.au=Alan+Riding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F02%2F28%2Fmovies%2Fthe-birthplace-celebrates-film-s-big-1-0-0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unifrance.org-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unifrance.org_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unifrance.org_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213021911/http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/11596/enquete-sur-l-image-du-cinema-francais-dans-le-monde">"Enquête sur l'image du cinéma français dans le monde – uniFrance Films"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/11596/enquete-sur-l-image-du-cinema-francais-dans-le-monde">the original</a> on 13 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enqu%C3%AAte+sur+l%27image+du+cin%C3%A9ma+fran%C3%A7ais+dans+le+monde+%E2%80%93+uniFrance+Films&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unifrance.org%2Factualites%2F11596%2Fenquete-sur-l-image-du-cinema-francais-dans-le-monde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-numbers.com/movies/country-breakdown/2019">"Country Breakdown for 2019"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Breakdown+for+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-numbers.com%2Fmovies%2Fcountry-breakdown%2F2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-numbers.com/movies/country-breakdown/2023">"Country Breakdown for 2023"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Breakdown+for+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-numbers.com%2Fmovies%2Fcountry-breakdown%2F2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-numbers.com/movies/production-countries/#tab=territory">"Movie Production Countries"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Movie+Production+Countries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-numbers.com%2Fmovies%2Fproduction-countries%2F%23tab%3Dterritory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-numbers.com/United-Kingdom/movies#tab=year">"The Numbers - Top United Kingdom Movies of Each Year"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Numbers+-+Top+United+Kingdom+Movies+of+Each+Year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-numbers.com%2FUnited-Kingdom%2Fmovies%23tab%3Dyear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-numbers.com/France/movies#tab=year">"The Numbers - Top France Movies of Each Year"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Numbers+-+Top+France+Movies+of+Each+Year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-numbers.com%2FFrance%2Fmovies%23tab%3Dyear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversalis2002" class="citation web cs1">Universalis, Encyclopædia (27 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/presentation-du-cinematographe-lumiere/">"PRÉSENTATION DU CINÉMATOGRAPHE LUMIÈRE"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011041100/https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/presentation-du-cinematographe-lumiere/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Universalis&rft.atitle=PR%C3%89SENTATION+DU+CIN%C3%89MATOGRAPHE+LUMI%C3%88RE&rft.date=2002-03-27&rft.aulast=Universalis&rft.aufirst=Encyclop%C3%A6dia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universalis.fr%2Fencyclopedie%2Fpresentation-du-cinematographe-lumiere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2010" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Kristin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/294064466"><i>Film history : an introduction</i></a>. David Bordwell (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-338613-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-338613-3"><bdi>978-0-07-338613-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/294064466">294064466</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+history+%3A+an+introduction&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Higher+Education&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F294064466&rft.isbn=978-0-07-338613-3&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F294064466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Town_1914-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Town_1914_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Town_1914_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Town_1914_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ciné Goes to Town: French Cinema 1896–1914, Richard Abel</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L'Estrange Fawcett: Die Welt des Films. Amalthea-Verlag, Zürich, Leipzig, Wien 1928, p. 149 (German translation of Fawcett's book of 1928: <i>Film, Facts and Forecasts</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=foreign.htm">"Foreign Languages Movies"</a>. Boxofficemojo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724001435/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=foreign.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Languages+Movies&rft.pub=Boxofficemojo.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fgenres%2Fchart%2F%3Fid%3Dforeign.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_cin%C3%A9ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahiers du cinéma">Cahiers du cinéma</a></i></span>, n°hors-série, Paris, April 2000, p. 32 (<i>cf.</i> also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academiecine.tv/files/8113/7674/5261/Histoire_communications.pdf"><i>Histoire des communications</i>, 2011, p. 10.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019163924/http://academiecine.tv/files/8113/7674/5261/Histoire_communications.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140522233729/http://motion.kodak.com/motion/uploadedFiles/FR_plugins_acrobat_fr_motion_action_actions29.pdf">"<i>Cf.</i> Binant, " Au cœur de la projection numérique ", <i>Actions</i>, <b>29</b>, Kodak, Paris, 2007, p. 12"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motion.kodak.com/motion/uploadedFiles/FR_plugins_acrobat_fr_motion_action_actions29.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cf.+Binant%2C+%22+Au+c%C5%93ur+de+la+projection+num%C3%A9rique+%22%2C+Actions%2C+29%2C+Kodak%2C+Paris%2C+2007%2C+p.+12.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmotion.kodak.com%2Fmotion%2FuploadedFiles%2FFR_plugins_acrobat_fr_motion_action_actions29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google.com-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google.com_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google.com_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCretonKitsopanidou2013" class="citation book cs1">Creton, Laurent; Kitsopanidou, Kira (20 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624134224/https://books.google.com/books?id=n_wTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT77&lpg=PT77&dq=creton+kitsopanidou+binant&source=bl&ots=2ZaoxMKyfv&sig=g8RzftJFbIgRmkgybtbNlhH7dFI&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=kD-kUuCBHMSq0QXn0YD4CA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA"><i>Les salles de cinéma: Enjeux, défis et perspectives</i></a>. Armand Colin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782200290115" title="Special:BookSources/9782200290115"><bdi>9782200290115</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n_wTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT77">the original</a> on 24 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+salles+de+cin%C3%A9ma%3A+Enjeux%2C+d%C3%A9fis+et+perspectives&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.date=2013-11-20&rft.isbn=9782200290115&rft.aulast=Creton&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft.au=Kitsopanidou%2C+Kira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn_wTAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmer, Tim (2011). <i>Brutal Intimacy: Analyzing Contemporary French Cinema</i>, Wesleyan University Press, Middleton CT. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8195-6827-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8195-6827-9">0-8195-6827-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtl.fr/actualites/culture-loisirs/cinema/article/intouchables-est-deja-le-film-le-plus-vu-de-l-annee-7738285549">"Article RTL : "Intouchables" devient le film le plus vu de l'année !"</a> (in French). Rtl.fr. 25 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210190840/http://www.rtl.fr/actualites/culture-loisirs/cinema/article/intouchables-est-deja-le-film-le-plus-vu-de-l-annee-7738285549">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+RTL+%3A+%22Intouchables%22+devient+le+film+le+plus+vu+de+l%27ann%C3%A9e+%21&rft.pub=Rtl.fr&rft.date=2011-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtl.fr%2Factualites%2Fculture-loisirs%2Fcinema%2Farticle%2Fintouchables-est-deja-le-film-le-plus-vu-de-l-annee-7738285549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/10128/unifrance-films-rapport-d-activites-2012">"UniFrance Films: Rapport d'activités 2012 – uniFrance Films"</a> (in French). Unifrance.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014912/http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/10128/unifrance-films-rapport-d-activites-2012">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UniFrance+Films%3A+Rapport+d%27activit%C3%A9s+2012+%E2%80%93+uniFrance+Films&rft.pub=Unifrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unifrance.org%2Factualites%2F10128%2Funifrance-films-rapport-d-activites-2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifrance.org/box-office/74807/monde">"Monde – uniFrance Films"</a> (in French). Unifrance.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110423022708/http://www.unifrance.org/box-office/74807/monde">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monde+%E2%80%93+uniFrance+Films&rft.pub=Unifrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unifrance.org%2Fbox-office%2F74807%2Fmonde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/5335/2008-annee-record-pour-le-cinema-francais-a-l-international">"2008, année record pour le cinéma français à l'international – uniFrance Films"</a> (in French). Unifrance.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619034932/http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/5335/2008-annee-record-pour-le-cinema-francais-a-l-international">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008%2C+ann%C3%A9e+record+pour+le+cin%C3%A9ma+fran%C3%A7ais+%C3%A0+l%27international+%E2%80%93+uniFrance+Films&rft.pub=Unifrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unifrance.org%2Factualites%2F5335%2F2008-annee-record-pour-le-cinema-francais-a-l-international&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/10392/unifrance-films-publie-son-bilan-complet-de-l-annee-cinema-2012">"UniFrance films publie son bilan complet de l'année cinéma 2012 – uniFrance Films"</a> (in French). Unifrance.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111230245/http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/10392/unifrance-films-publie-son-bilan-complet-de-l-annee-cinema-2012">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UniFrance+films+publie+son+bilan+complet+de+l%27ann%C3%A9e+cin%C3%A9ma+2012+%E2%80%93+uniFrance+Films&rft.pub=Unifrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unifrance.org%2Factualites%2F10392%2Funifrance-films-publie-son-bilan-complet-de-l-annee-cinema-2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/10114/panorama-des-salles-de-cinema-a-travers-le-monde">"Panorama des salles de cinéma à travers le monde – uniFrance Films"</a> (in French). Unifrance.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006155153/http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/10114/panorama-des-salles-de-cinema-a-travers-le-monde">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panorama+des+salles+de+cin%C3%A9ma+%C3%A0+travers+le+monde+%E2%80%93+uniFrance+Films&rft.pub=Unifrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unifrance.org%2Factualites%2F10114%2Fpanorama-des-salles-de-cinema-a-travers-le-monde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/8594/140m-d-entrees-pour-le-cinema-francais-a-l-international">"140M d'entrées pour le cinéma français à l'international – uniFrance Films"</a> (in French). Unifrance.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125015829/http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/8594/140m-d-entrees-pour-le-cinema-francais-a-l-international">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=140M+d%27entr%C3%A9es+pour+le+cin%C3%A9ma+fran%C3%A7ais+%C3%A0+l%27international+%E2%80%93+uniFrance+Films&rft.pub=Unifrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unifrance.org%2Factualites%2F8594%2F140m-d-entrees-pour-le-cinema-francais-a-l-international&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eiren.org/statistics_e/index.html">"Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan , Inc"</a>. Eiren.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050505192057/http://www.eiren.org/statistics_e/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motion+Picture+Producers+Association+of+Japan+%2C+Inc&rft.pub=Eiren.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eiren.org%2Fstatistics_e%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpbox-office.com/entreesmonde.php">"Bilan Annuel Monde"</a>. Jpbox-office.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106083449/http://jpbox-office.com/entreesmonde.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bilan+Annuel+Monde&rft.pub=Jpbox-office.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpbox-office.com%2Fentreesmonde.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopewell2016" class="citation web cs1">Hopewell, John (15 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2016/film/global/france-europacorp-the-little-prince1201680899-1201680899/">"EuropaCorp, Toons, Comedies Drive Robust 2015 for French Exports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116162557/http://variety.com/2016/film/global/france-europacorp-the-little-prince1201680899-1201680899/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=EuropaCorp%2C+Toons%2C+Comedies+Drive+Robust+2015+for+French+Exports&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft.aulast=Hopewell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2016%2Ffilm%2Fglobal%2Ffrance-europacorp-the-little-prince1201680899-1201680899%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnc.fr/web/fr/flux/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_k0Tr/18/8963838?refererPlid=64476">"CNC – flux"</a>. <i>www.cnc.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109021759/http://www.cnc.fr/web/fr/flux/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_k0Tr/18/8963838?refererPlid=64476">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cnc.fr&rft.atitle=CNC+%E2%80%93+flux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnc.fr%2Fweb%2Ffr%2Fflux%2F-%2Fjournal_content%2F56_INSTANCE_k0Tr%2F18%2F8963838%3FrefererPlid%3D64476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnc.fr-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnc.fr_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151115211548/http://www.cnc.fr/web/fr/frequentation-cinematographique">"CNC – fréquentation cinématographique"</a>. <i>www.cnc.fr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnc.fr/web/fr/frequentation-cinematographique">the original</a> on 15 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cnc.fr&rft.atitle=CNC+%E2%80%93+fr%C3%A9quentation+cin%C3%A9matographique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnc.fr%2Fweb%2Ffr%2Ffrequentation-cinematographique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cine-Regio: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cine-regio.org/co-production/">Co-production</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090622064204/http://cine-regio.org/co-production/">Archived</a> 2009-06-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt1_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/148708/In-the-Land-of-the-Deaf/credits">"In the Land of the Deaf (1993),"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021201851/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/148708/In-the-Land-of-the-Deaf/credits">Archived</a> 2012-10-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>New York Times.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhone1-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rhone1_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhone-alpes-cinema.fr/presentation/presentation.php">Rhône-Alpes Cinéma</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724140939/http://www.rhone-alpes-cinema.fr/presentation/presentation.php">Archived</a> 2009-07-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhone-alpes-cinema.fr/catalogue/catalogue.php"><i>Le pays des sourds.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213540/http://www.rhone-alpes-cinema.fr/catalogue/catalogue.php">Archived</a> 2009-06-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frdiplomatie-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frdiplomatie_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">France Diplomatie: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france-priorities_1/documentary_2312/non-commercial-distribution_2313/documentaries_5315/5-films-by-nicolas-philibert_3149/in-the-land-of-the-deaf_3164/index.html"><i>In the Land of the Deaf</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406101325/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france-priorities_1/documentary_2312/non-commercial-distribution_2313/documentaries_5315/5-films-by-nicolas-philibert_3149/in-the-land-of-the-deaf_3164/index.html">Archived</a> 2012-04-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.campusfrance.org/en/a-etudier/faq.htm">20 questions about studying in France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504080519/http://old.campusfrance.org/en/a-etudier/faq.htm">Archived</a> 2011-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parisdigest.com/paris/cinema.htm">"Paris cinema"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paris+cinema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parisdigest.com%2Fparis%2Fcinema.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-callsfor-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-callsfor_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-callsfor_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbetSurk2024" class="citation news cs1">Corbet, Sylvia; Surk, Barbara (24 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/france-cinema-metoo-sexual-abuse-godreche-e215e51b38c9500c9ac032be99d4e0f0">"Actor calls on French film industry to face sexual abuse, during live Cesar Awards ceremony"</a>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Actor+calls+on+French+film+industry+to+face+sexual+abuse%2C+during+live+Cesar+Awards+ceremony&rft.date=2024-02-24&rft.aulast=Corbet&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft.au=Surk%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ffrance-cinema-metoo-sexual-abuse-godreche-e215e51b38c9500c9ac032be99d4e0f0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-investigations-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-investigations_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-investigations_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2024" class="citation news cs1">Ford, Lily (2 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/france-commission-sexual-abuse-film-industry-investigation-1235888550/">"French Commission to Investigate Sexual Abuse Across Film Industry"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+Commission+to+Investigate+Sexual+Abuse+Across+Film+Industry&rft.date=2024-05-02&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Lily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2Ffrance-commission-sexual-abuse-film-industry-investigation-1235888550%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abusereports-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abusereports_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abusereports_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/video/20240704-france-film-director-jacquot-charged-with-raping-two-actors">"France film director Jacquot charged with raping two actors"</a>. France 24. 4 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+film+director+Jacquot+charged+with+raping+two+actors&rft.date=2024-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fvideo%2F20240704-france-film-director-jacquot-charged-with-raping-two-actors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Austin, Guy. <i>Contemporary French cinema: an introduction</i> (2nd ed. 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-French-cinema-introduction-Austin-dp-0719078296/dp/0719078296/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Harison, Casey. "The French Revolution on Film: American and French Perspectives."<i> The History Teacher</i> 38.3 (2005): 299–324. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/31442249/Frecn_Revolution_on_Film.pdf">online</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li>Hayward, Susan. <i>French national cinema</i> (Routledge, 2004).</li> <li>Lanzoni, Rémi Fournier. <i>French cinema: from its beginnings to the present</i> (A&C Black, 2004).</li> <li>Morrey, Douglas. <i>The legacy of the new wave in French cinema</i> (Bloomsbury Academic, 2018).</li> <li>Palmer, Tim and Charlie Michael (eds.) (2013). <i>Directory of World Cinema: France</i>, Intellect/University of Chicago Press, London & Chicago. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-8415-0563-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-8415-0563-3">1-8415-0563-3</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassek1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Loup_Passek" title="Jean-Loup Passek">Passek, Jean-Loup</a>, ed. (1988). <i>D'un cinéma l'autre : notes sur le cinéma français des années cinquante</i>. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782858504459" title="Special:BookSources/9782858504459"><bdi>9782858504459</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19327256">19327256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%27un+cin%C3%A9ma+l%27autre+%3A+notes+sur+le+cin%C3%A9ma+fran%C3%A7ais+des+ann%C3%A9es+cinquante&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Centre+Georges+Pompidou&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19327256&rft.isbn=9782858504459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Powrie, Phil. <i>French Cinema in the 1980s: Nostalgia and the Crisis of Masculinity</i> (Oxford University Press, 1997).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.unifrance.org/">Unifrance.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051220073138/http://www.afdesacramento.org/filmfest/">Sacramento French Film Festival</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080104102809/http://www.cyranos.ch/sbinde-e.htm">Biographies and autographs of French cinema stars</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frenchtogether.com/french-movies/">List of French Movies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frenchprofessor.org/french-movies.htm">French Films</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frenchdirectors.com/">French Directors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222183618/http://www.frenchdirectors.com/">Archived</a> 2020-02-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Cinema_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">Culture of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_French_films" title="Lists of French films">Films by year</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Category:French_films" title="Category:French films">Films (A–Z)</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_before_1910" title="List of French films before 1910">1892–1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1910" title="List of French films of 1910">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1911" title="List of French films of 1911">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1912" title="List of French films of 1912">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1913" title="List of French films of 1913">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1914" title="List of French films of 1914">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1915" title="List of French films of 1915">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1916" title="List of French films of 1916">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1917" title="List of French films of 1917">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1918" title="List of French films of 1918">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1919" title="List of French films of 1919">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1920" title="List of French films of 1920">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1921" title="List of French films of 1921">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1922" title="List of French films of 1922">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1923" title="List of French films of 1923">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1924" title="List of French films of 1924">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1925" title="List of French films of 1925">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1926" title="List of French films of 1926">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1927" title="List of French films of 1927">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1928" title="List of French films of 1928">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1929" title="List of French films of 1929">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1930" title="List of French films of 1930">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1931" title="List of French films of 1931">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1932" title="List of French films of 1932">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1933" title="List of French films of 1933">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1934" title="List of French films of 1934">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1935" title="List of French films of 1935">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1936" title="List of French films of 1936">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1937" title="List of French films of 1937">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1938" title="List of French films of 1938">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1939" title="List of French films of 1939">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1940" title="List of French films of 1940">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1941" title="List of French films of 1941">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1942" title="List of French films of 1942">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1943" title="List of French films of 1943">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1944" title="List of French films of 1944">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1945" title="List of French films of 1945">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1946" title="List of French films of 1946">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1947" title="List of French films of 1947">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1948" title="List of French films of 1948">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1949" title="List of French films of 1949">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1950" title="List of French films of 1950">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1951" title="List of French films of 1951">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1952" title="List of French films of 1952">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1953" title="List of French films of 1953">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1954" title="List of French films of 1954">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1955" title="List of French films of 1955">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1956" title="List of French films of 1956">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1957" title="List of French films of 1957">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1958" title="List of French films of 1958">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1959" title="List of French films of 1959">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1960" title="List of French films of 1960">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1961" title="List of French films of 1961">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1962" title="List of French films of 1962">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1963" title="List of French films of 1963">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1964" title="List of French films of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1965" title="List of French films of 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1966" title="List of French films of 1966">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1967" title="List of French films of 1967">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1968" title="List of French films of 1968">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1969" title="List of French films of 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1970" title="List of French films of 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1971" title="List of French films of 1971">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1972" title="List of French films of 1972">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1973" title="List of French films of 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1974" title="List of French films of 1974">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1975" title="List of French films of 1975">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1976" title="List of French films of 1976">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1977" title="List of French films of 1977">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1978" title="List of French films of 1978">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1979" title="List of French films of 1979">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1980" title="List of French films of 1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1981" title="List of French films of 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1982" title="List of French films of 1982">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1983" title="List of French films of 1983">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1984" title="List of French films of 1984">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1985" title="List of French films of 1985">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1986" title="List of French films of 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1987" title="List of French films of 1987">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1988" title="List of French films of 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1989" title="List of French films of 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1990" title="List of French films of 1990">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1991" title="List of French films of 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1992" title="List of French films of 1992">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1993" title="List of French films of 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1994" title="List of French films of 1994">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1995" title="List of French films of 1995">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1996" title="List of French films of 1996">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1997" title="List of French films of 1997">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1998" title="List of French films of 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1999" title="List of French films of 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2000" title="List of French films of 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2001" title="List of French films of 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2002" title="List of French films of 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2003" title="List of French films of 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2004" title="List of French films of 2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2005" title="List of French films of 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2006" title="List of French films of 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2007" title="List of French films of 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2008" title="List of French films of 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2009" title="List of French films of 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2010" title="List of French films of 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2011" title="List of French films of 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2012" title="List of French films of 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2013" title="List of French films of 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2014" title="List of French films of 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2015" title="List of French films of 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2016" title="List of French films of 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2017" title="List of French films of 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2018" title="List of French films of 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2019" title="List of French films of 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2020" title="List of French films of 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2021" title="List of French films of 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2022" title="List of French films of 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2023" title="List of French films of 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2024" title="List of French films of 2024">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_2025" title="List of French films of 2025">2025</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/85px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/128px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/170px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_production_companies_of_France" title="Category:Film production companies of France">Production companies<br /> and studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Synthese" title="Action Synthese">Action Synthese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86ternam_Films" title="Æternam Films">Æternam Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_Films" title="Ariane Films">Ariane Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billancourt_Studios" title="Billancourt Studios">Billancourt Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celluloid_Dreams" title="Celluloid Dreams">Celluloid Dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciby_2000" title="Ciby 2000">Ciby 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Def2shoot" title="Def2shoot">Def2shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuropaCorp" title="EuropaCorp">EuropaCorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Films_du_Losange" title="Les Films du Losange">Les Films du Losange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folimage" title="Folimage">Folimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoeur_Studios" title="Francoeur Studios">Francoeur Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francinex" title="Francinex">Francinex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumont Film Company">Gaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honkytonk_Films" title="Honkytonk Films">Honkytonk Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Films_du_Poisson" title="Les Films du Poisson">Les Films du Poisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joinville_Studios" title="Joinville Studios">Joinville Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Europ%C3%A9enne" title="Pan-Européenne">Pan-Européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Mounier_Marketing_Production" title="Philippe Mounier Marketing Production">PMMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9alisation_d%27art_cin%C3%A9matographique" title="Réalisation d'art cinématographique">Réalisation d'art cinématographique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciapode" title="Sciapode">Sciapode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofracima" title="Sofracima">Sofracima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Film_Company" title="Star Film Company">Star Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudioCanal" title="StudioCanal">StudioCanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorine_Studios" title="Victorine Studios">Victorine Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bunch_(company)" title="Wild Bunch (company)">Wild Bunch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:French_film_awards" title="Category:French film awards">Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Awards" title="César Awards">César Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8res_Award" title="Lumières Award">Lumières Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_de_Cristal_Awards" title="Globe de Cristal Awards">Globe de Cristal Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Syndicate_of_Cinema_Critics" title="French Syndicate of Cinema Critics">French Syndicate of Cinema Critics Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Delluc_Prize" title="Louis Delluc Prize">Louis Delluc Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Romy_Schneider" title="Prix Romy Schneider">Prix Romy Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Patrick_Dewaere" title="Prix Patrick Dewaere">Prix Patrick Dewaere</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Prix_Jean_Gabin" title="Prix Jean Gabin">Prix Jean Gabin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Jacques_Pr%C3%A9vert_du_Sc%C3%A9nario" title="Prix Jacques Prévert du Scénario">Prix Jacques Prévert du Scénario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Jean_Vigo" title="Prix Jean Vigo">Prix Jean Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Suzanne_Bianchetti" title="Prix Suzanne Bianchetti">Prix Suzanne Bianchetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair_Award" title="René Clair Award">René Clair Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_actors" title="Category:French actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_animators" title="Category:French animators">Animators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_film_directors" title="Category:French film directors">Directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_cinematographers" title="Category:French cinematographers">Cinematographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_film_critics" title="Category:French film critics">Critics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_film_editors" title="Category:French film editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_production_designers" title="Category:French production designers">Production designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_screenwriters" title="Category:French screenwriters">Screenwriters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_film_producers" title="Category:French film producers">Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_film_score_composers" title="Category:French film score composers">Score composers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Movement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_impressionist_cinema" title="French impressionist cinema">French impressionist cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_French_Extremity" title="New French Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_French_films" title="List of most expensive French films">Most expensive films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_France" title="List of highest-grossing films in France">Box office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_festivals_in_France" title="Category:Film festivals in France">Film festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinema_chains_in_France" title="Category:Cinema chains in France">Cinema chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unifrance" title="Unifrance">Unifrance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="France_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:France_topics" title="Template:France topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:France_topics" title="Template talk:France topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:France_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:France topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="France_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_France" title="Outline of France">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_French_history" title="Timeline of French history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_France" title="Political history of France">Political history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France" title="Military history of France">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French" title="History of French">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_France" title="Economic history of France">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_foreign_relations" title="History of French foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_journalism" title="History of French journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_France" title="Liberalism and radicalism in France">Liberalism and radicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brittany" title="History of Brittany">History of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Normandy" title="History of Normandy">History of Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_France" title="Prehistory of France">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greek colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Celtic Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_laws_of_the_Kingdom_of_France" title="Fundamental laws of the Kingdom of France">Fundamental laws</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern France">Early modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy_in_France" title="Absolute monarchy in France">Absolute monarchy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Second Hundred Years' War">Second Hundred Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Revolution_of_1756" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic Revolution of 1756">Diplomatic Revolution of 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Late_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Modern">Late Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_long_nineteenth_century" title="France in the long nineteenth century">Long nineteenth century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1851_French_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1851 French coup d'état">Coup of 2 December 1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense" title="Government of National Defense">Government of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_France" title="Interwar France">Interwar</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_folles" title="Années folles">Années folles</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France_(1900_to_present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of France (1900 to present)">1900 to present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_French_riots" title="2005 French riots">2005 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Europe#France,_Benelux_countries" title="Great Recession in Europe">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">2015 Paris attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests" title="2021 French labor protests">2021 labor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 presidential election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_France" title="Geography of France">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_France" title="Administrative divisions of France">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_France" title="Climate change in France">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_France" title="Borders of France">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_France" title="List of islands of France">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_France" title="List of lakes of France">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_mountains_by_prominence" title="List of French mountains by prominence">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_France" title="List of national parks of France">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_France" title="List of rivers of France">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutions of France">Constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_France" title="Presidential elections in France">presidential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_France" title="Human rights in France">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in France">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_France" title="Judiciary of France">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_France" title="Law of France">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_France" title="Legal history of France">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_France" title="Law enforcement in France">enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_criminal_law" title="French criminal law">criminal law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France" title="Economy of France">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France#Agriculture" title="Economy of France">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_France" title="Automotive industry in France">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_France" title="Banking in France">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_France" title="Economic history of France">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_France" title="Energy in France">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_France" title="List of exports of France">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">Franc (former currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">French subdivisions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_France" title="Mining in France">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Paris" title="Euronext Paris">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_France" title="Science and technology in France">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_France" title="Taxation in France">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_France" title="Telecommunications in France">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_France" title="Tourism in France">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_France" title="List of trade unions in France">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_France" title="Transport in France">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_France" title="Category:Society of France">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_France" title="Abortion in France">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_France" title="Birth control in France">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_France" title="Crime in France">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_France" title="Demographics of France">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_France" title="Education in France">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_France" title="Health care in France">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_France" title="Homelessness in France">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_France" title="Immigration to France">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_departments_by_life_expectancy" title="List of French departments by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_France" title="Poverty in France">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_France" title="Secularism in France">secularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_France" title="Racism in France">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_France" title="Social class in France">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_protection_in_France" title="Social protection in France">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_architecture" title="French architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_art" title="French art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_France" title="Coat of arms of France">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fashion" title="French fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Remarkable_Gardens_of_France" title="List of Remarkable Gardens of France">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of France">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_philosophy" title="French philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_France" title="Public holidays in France">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_France" title="Sport in France">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of France">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_France" title="Theatre of France">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.25em;"><div><div style="margin-top:0;line-height:1.4em;margin-bottom:-0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_France" title="Outline of France">Outline</a></li></ul> </div><div style="margin-top:-0.2em;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:France" title="Category:France">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_cinema" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_cinema" title="Template:World cinema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_cinema" title="Template talk:World cinema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_cinema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World cinema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_cinema" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_cinema" title="National cinema">National cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Algeria" title="Cinema of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Libya" title="Cinema of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Morocco" title="Cinema of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tunisia" title="Cinema of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Djibouti" title="Cinema of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Eritrea" title="Cinema of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ethiopia" title="Cinema of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kenya" title="Cinema of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Madagascar" title="Cinema of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mauritius" title="Cinema of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Somalia" title="Cinema of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Sudan" title="Cinema of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sudan" title="Cinema of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tanzania" title="Cinema of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uganda" title="Cinema of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zambia" title="Cinema of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zimbabwe" title="Cinema of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Benin" title="Cinema of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Cinema of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cape_Verde" title="Cinema of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ghana" title="Cinema of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Liberia" title="Cinema of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Niger" title="Cinema of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Senegal" title="Cinema of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Togo" title="Cinema of Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Angola" title="Cinema of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cameroon" title="Cinema of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cinema of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chad" title="Cinema of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Gabon" title="Cinema of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cinema of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Botswana" title="Cinema of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Namibia" title="Cinema of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Africa" title="Cinema of South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cinema" title="South Asian cinema">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cinema" title="Assamese cinema">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cinema,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali cinema, India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cinema" title="Bhojpuri cinema">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cinema" title="Chhattisgarhi cinema">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_film_industry" title="Deccani film industry">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_cinema" title="Dogri cinema">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cinema" title="Gujarati cinema">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cinema" title="Haryanvi cinema">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cinema" title="Kashmiri cinema">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_cinema" title="Khasi cinema">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cinema" title="Konkani cinema">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_cinema" title="Meitei cinema">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Oriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cinema" title="Punjabi cinema">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Rajasthan" title="Cinema of Rajasthan">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_cinema" title="Sanskrit cinema">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_cinema" title="Tulu cinema">Tulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal" title="Cinema of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Lollywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Central_Asia" title="Cinema of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Cinema of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tajikistan" title="Cinema of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkmenistan" title="Cinema of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uzbekistan" title="Cinema of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of West Asia">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish cinema">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan" title="Cinema of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lebanon" title="Cinema of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oman" title="Cinema of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Qatar" title="Cinema of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Syria" title="Cinema of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen" title="Cinema of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovakia" title="Cinema of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ireland" title="Cinema of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Cinema of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Wales" title="Cinema of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_films" title="List of Bosnia and Herzegovina films">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maltese_films" title="List of Maltese films">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan cinema">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Galicia" title="Cinema of Galicia">Galicia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-German_cinema" title="Turkish-German cinema">German Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="North American cinema">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Quebec" title="Cinema of Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Costa_Rica" title="Cinema of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_Republic_films" title="List of Dominican Republic films">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jamaica" title="Cinema of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Cinema of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of South America">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Argentina" title="Cinema of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bolivia" title="Cinema of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ecuador" title="Cinema of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Paraguay" title="Cinema of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Peru" title="Cinema of Peru">Peru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iquitos" title="Cinema of Iquitos">Iquitos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Suriname" title="Cinema of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uruguay" title="Cinema of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Venezuela" title="Cinema of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Fiji" title="Cinema of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Samoa" title="Cinema of Samoa">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental<br />& transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cinema" title="Arab cinema">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cinema" title="Balochi cinema">Balochi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East" title="Cinema of the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cinema" title="Kurdish cinema">Kurdish cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinema_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinema_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Cinema of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malta" title="Cinema of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovakia" title="Cinema of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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