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ag"><div><h1 class="ao ap aq ar as at nx ny nz oa m" data-test="articleHeaderTitle">Archaeologists Report Earliest Plant Artifact Outside Africa</h1><p class="ob q r oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om ac ae af ag" data-test="articleHeaderSubtitle">Unnaturally shaped resin block could be an early matchstick and could show early modern humans en route to Australia Sahul</p></div><div class="k f bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd" data-test="shareBarMobile"><div class="bv ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr"><button class="cx cy bd m j cz da db ca dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds k dt du bn dv dw dx dy" data-test="twitterButton" title="Share in Twitter" font-size="-2" type="button"><span class="ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek cz">Share in Twitter</span><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el em en eo" data-test="IconTwitter"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M202.4 90.7c.1 1.8.1 3.5.1 5.3 0 54.4-38.1 117.2-107.8 117.2-21.4 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0-36.3-29.5-65.8-65.7-65.8S47 78.9 47 115.1c0 36.3 29.5 65.8 65.7 65.8 14.7 0 28.3-4.9 39.3-13.1l51.6 51.6 14.1-14.1-51.8-51.7zM148 120h-28v28h-16v-28H76v-16h28V76h16v28h28v16z"></path></svg><span class="ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek cz">Open gallery view</span></button><div class="qg f m qh qi qj qk"><picture><source srcSet="https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2a160000/70/8f/0d34b23348bf90d70b9dde5efeb3/58018342.JPG?precrop=3456,3456,x883,y0&height=1024&width=1024 1024w,https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2a160000/70/8f/0d34b23348bf90d70b9dde5efeb3/58018342.JPG?precrop=3456,3456,x883,y0&height=768&width=768 768w,https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2a160000/70/8f/0d34b23348bf90d70b9dde5efeb3/58018342.JPG?precrop=3456,3456,x883,y0&height=600&width=600 600w,https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2a160000/70/8f/0d34b23348bf90d70b9dde5efeb3/58018342.JPG?precrop=3456,3456,x883,y0&height=425&width=425 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src="https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2a160000/70/8f/0d34b23348bf90d70b9dde5efeb3/58018342.JPG?precrop=3456,3456,x883,y0&height=700&width=700" class="hx bu ei hi f ql qm qn qo" title="A modern tree resin artifact used to make fire on Waigeo Island., Credit: Dylan Gaffney/The Raja Ampat Archaeological Project" sizes="100vw" srcSet="https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2a160000/70/8f/0d34b23348bf90d70b9dde5efeb3/58018342.JPG?precrop=3456,3456,x883,y0&height=700&width=700 700w,https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2a160000/70/8f/0d34b23348bf90d70b9dde5efeb3/58018342.JPG?precrop=3456,3456,x883,y0&height=600&width=600 600w,https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2a160000/70/8f/0d34b23348bf90d70b9dde5efeb3/58018342.JPG?precrop=3456,3456,x883,y0&height=425&width=425 425w,https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2a160000/70/8f/0d34b23348bf90d70b9dde5efeb3/58018342.JPG?precrop=3456,3456,x883,y0&height=375&width=375 375w"/></picture></div></div></figure><div class="qq qr db dm kv g k dp dq qs qt qu qv ev qw qx qy qz ra rb rc rd re rf rg rh ri t s x y v w ff fg"><span class="qp">A modern tree resin artifact used to make fire on Waigeo Island.</span><span class="ao pt rj dp dq qs qt">Credit: Dylan Gaffney/The Raja Ampat Archaeological Project</span></div></div></div></header><div class="g"><div class="r q f g ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv aj fw al am fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi"><div class="m a b rk rl rm rn ro d e "><div class="a cx rp rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz sa nk sb sc nr ns sd se du"><div class="a cx sf of sg sh iv kj nk sb nr ns sd du"><div class="qg ss m f qk st su sv sw sx sy et eg sr qp sz ta tb sm sn"><img alt="Ruth Schuster" src="https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/0000017f-da24-d249-ab7f-fbe4b5e90000/af/62/e9e9c0569a2e9648f8e37e75f3cf/1018316866.jpg?precrop=1500,1500,x0,y0&height=100&width=100" class="hx bu ei hi f ql qm qn qo" title="Haaretz's Ruth Schuster., Credit: Tomer Appelbaum" width="1" height="1"/></div><div class="si sj"><address class="tc sf of td te tf tg iv kj ao"><a data-test="link" href="/ty-WRITER/0000017f-da24-d249-ab7f-fbe4b5f00000" class="th ti tj">Ruth Schuster</a></address><div data-display-dates="true" class="dp dq qs qt"><time dateTime="2024-08-13T02:08:00+03:00" class="db em qp sk sl rl dp dq qs qt sm sn">Aug 13, 2024</time></div></div></div><div class="so sp sq rd"><button type="button" class="tk tc tl tm tn to dr ds tp tq tr ts tt tu tv tw tx db a" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="alerts_btn_description" data-test="writerAlertButton"><span id="alerts_btn_description" class="ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek cz">Get email notification for articles from Ruth Schuster</span><svg 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"><div class="a cx rp rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz sa nk sb sc nr ns sd se du"><div class="a cx sf of sg sh iv kj nk sb nr ns sd du"><div class="qg ss m f qk st su sv sw sx sy et eg sr qp sz ta tb sm sn"><img alt="Ruth Schuster" src="https://img.haarets.co.il/bs/0000017f-da24-d249-ab7f-fbe4b5e90000/af/62/e9e9c0569a2e9648f8e37e75f3cf/1018316866.jpg?precrop=1500,1500,x0,y0&height=100&width=100" class="hx bu ei hi f ql qm qn qo" title="Haaretz's Ruth Schuster., Credit: Tomer Appelbaum" width="1" height="1"/></div><div class="si sj"><address class="tc sf of td te tf tg iv kj ao"><a data-test="link" href="/ty-WRITER/0000017f-da24-d249-ab7f-fbe4b5f00000" class="th ti tj">Ruth Schuster</a></address><div data-display-dates="true" class="dp dq qs qt"><time dateTime="2024-08-13T02:08:00+03:00" class="db em qp sk sl rl dp dq qs qt sm sn">Aug 13, 2024</time></div></div></div><div class="so sp sq rd"><button type="button" class="tk tc tl tm tn to dr ds tp tq tr ts tt tu tv tw tx db a" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="alerts_btn_description" data-test="writerAlertButton"><span id="alerts_btn_description" class="ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek cz">Get email notification for articles from Ruth Schuster</span><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el em en ty tz ua ub uc ud" data-test="IconAlert"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M196.9 169.3c-4-4-6.3-9.2-6.7-14.8L187 94.8c0-25-21.2-45.1-49.1-48.4 0-1.2-.1-2.8-.1-4.3 0-3.3-2-6.4-5.1-7.6-5.4-1.9-10.5 2-10.4 7.1 0 2.1.1 3.7.1 4.8-27.9 3.3-49.6 23.3-49.6 48.3l-3.3 59.6c-.3 5.6-2.7 10.9-6.7 14.9L46 186v7h168v-7l-17.1-16.7zM110.6 202h38c0 10.5-8.3 18.6-18.8 18.6s-19.2-8.1-19.2-18.6z"></path></svg><span> Follow</span></button></div><div data-display-dates="true" class="dp dq qs qt"><time dateTime="2024-08-13T02:08:00+03:00" class="db em qp me sl sr dp dq qs qt sm sn">Aug 13, 2024</time></div></div><div class="eg m bu ik mj ue uf ih ug bk uh ui uj" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true"><div tabindex="-1" class="uk hl ih ug bk hm hn"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="f g fx gj gk"><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"></div><div data-test="articleBody"><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"><div data-test="trinity-player"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">One of the earliest known artifacts made of plant material by modern humans has been found in West Papua. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">The object is a roughly squarish piece of resin about 13.5 millimeters (half an inch) on each side and 5 millimeters thick, and supports the theory of early modern human occupation of Australia, archaeologists claimed Tuesday in the journal of Antiquity.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">Resin is solidified tree sap. The resin artifact was dated with the University of Oxford's radiocarbon accelerator to about 55,000 to 50,000 years ago. The archaeologists don't suggest it was art. They suggest it was the prehistoric version of a matchstick. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">Resin contains highly flammable chemicals. It is more their resinous content than their dry fibrous matter that renders pine cones so suitable for bonfires. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">Back in prehistory, the researchers suggest, the rectangle was manufactured in a complex process that began with slicing into a tree to obtain its sap, letting it dry and harden, and shaping it – possibly simply by snapping the hardened resin.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl vn vo go gp vp vq vr vs vt vu fp fq vv fs ft vw vx ah fj fk fl fm fn fo vy gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"><figure class="} m ev f pt py"><div class="eg m pu"><button type="button" class="ei pv pw px py kh ew mj et eg pz qa qb bk qc qd"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el qe en qf ev jf" data-test="IconZoomIn"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M165.9 153.6c7.8-10.8 12.5-24.1 12.5-38.5 0-36.3-29.5-65.8-65.7-65.8S47 78.9 47 115.1c0 36.3 29.5 65.8 65.7 65.8 14.7 0 28.3-4.9 39.3-13.1l51.6 51.6 14.1-14.1-51.8-51.7zM148 120h-28v28h-16v-28H76v-16h28V76h16v28h28v16z"></path></svg><span class="ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek cz">Open gallery view</span></button><div class="qg vz m f qk"></div></div><div class="qq qr db dm ie dn wa dp dq qs qt dv dw"><span class="qp">Lowland tropical rainforest around Waigeo Island.</span><span class="ao pt rj dp dq qs qt">Credit: Dylan Gaffney/The Raja Ampat Archaeological Project</span></div></figure></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">How do we know all that? Because the artifact is rectilinear while naturally released tree sap drips down the tree trunk, forming globules. Thus, the researchers think this sap was harvested directly from the tree into a cut on the trunk. It didn't originate in pine tree, according to molecular analysis, but from a flowering tree or shrub.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><h2 class="wb wc wd we go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">An appetite for fruit bats</h2><h2 class="wb wc wd we go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv"></h2><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">The question is, who did this? There were few stone tools to help – they may have made tools from wood and bone that have disappeared, the team notes. Organic tools of this type are typical in prehistoric northeastern Wallacea and northwest New Guinea, where many tools were likely made from organic rather than lithic materials.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><ul class="py ue r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv go gn gm vi vj vk vl" data-test="relatedArticles"><li class="wf m a wg wh wi wj wk wl wm jn wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy"><a data-test="articleLink" href="/archaeology/2024-08-08/ty-article-magazine/smallest-human-arm-bone-ever-found-changes-understanding-of-early-human-evolution/00000191-31c4-d4dc-a397-bddc87bb0000"><span class="wi dm m mj wz xa xb xc xd xe xf xg xh xi xj xk ve xl vg xm bj ln xn xo xp">Smallest early human arm bone ever found changes understanding of early human evolution</span></a></li><li class="wf m a wg wh wi wj wk wl wm jn wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy"><a data-test="articleLink" href="/archaeology/2024-03-25/ty-article/archaeologists-identify-holy-triad-of-human-evolution-water-stone-and-elephants/0000018e-75ff-d680-a1cf-ffff632f0000"><span class="wi dm m mj wz xa xb xc xd xe xf xg xh xi xj xk ve xl vg xm bj ln xn xo xp">Archaeologists identify 'holy triad' of human evolution: Water, stone and elephants</span></a></li><li class="wf m a wg wh wi wj wk wl wm jn wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy"><a data-test="articleLink" href="/archaeology/2020-03-26/ty-article/.premium/prehistoric-new-guineans-discovered-farming-independently/0000017f-f96f-d2d5-a9ff-f9ef7a310000"><span class="wi dm m mj wz xa xb xc xd xe xf xg xh xi xj xk ve xl vg xm bj ln xn xo xp">Prehistoric New Guineans Discovered Farming Independently </span></a></li></ul><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">The resin artifact was discovered together with animal bones attesting to meals at an inland cave called Mololo on the island of Waigeo, which is one of the four main islands in the Raja Ampat archipelago north of New Guinea. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">Apropos the animal bones – when eating bats, they <a class="uo up uq ur lk us ut uu uv uw ux uy qb ix lx ly" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/arco.5084" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">seem to have liked to eat fruit bats</a> rather than insectivorous ones. Or maybe the fruit bats were easier to catch. Fruit bats also tend to be bigger than insectivorous bats.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">It bears adding that they may not have had all the choices in the world. The islands were faunally depauperate, the authors write – they just didn't have big animals to eat.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"><figure class="} m ev f pt py"><div class="eg m pu"><button type="button" class="ei pv pw px py kh ew mj et eg pz qa qb bk qc qd"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el qe en qf ev jf" data-test="IconZoomIn"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M165.9 153.6c7.8-10.8 12.5-24.1 12.5-38.5 0-36.3-29.5-65.8-65.7-65.8S47 78.9 47 115.1c0 36.3 29.5 65.8 65.7 65.8 14.7 0 28.3-4.9 39.3-13.1l51.6 51.6 14.1-14.1-51.8-51.7zM148 120h-28v28h-16v-28H76v-16h28V76h16v28h28v16z"></path></svg><span class="ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek cz">Open gallery view</span></button><div class="qg xq m f qk"></div></div><div class="qq qr db dm ie dn wa dp dq qs qt dv dw"><span class="qp">Tree resin artifact excavated from Mololo Cave, dated to 55,000 to 50,000 years ago.</span><span class="ao pt rj dp dq qs qt">Credit: Dylan Gaffney/The Raja Ampat Archaeological Project</span></div></figure></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">Note that Asia and its southeast were also home to another human race known as the Denisovans. It is possible that Denisovans persisted in Southeast Asia as late as 15,000 years ago. But the team of researchers, from University of Oxford in collaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, explain their find as a stamping ground of modern humans.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">If so, the finds on Waigeo are evidence of modern humans in this region 55,000 to 50,000 years ago, supporting the early-settlement hypothesis for Southeast Asia and, by inference, Australia. And if so, the team writes, this little piece of resin that may or may not have been manipulated, possibly to create a material to ignite fire, is the earliest known artifact made of plants outside Africa. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">To be clear, there are earlier artifacts made of plants outside Africa, but they weren't made by our species. Take for instance the wooden spears dating to about 400,000 years ago in Germany. Those weren't made by Homo sapiens – because we didn't exist anywhere yet, let alone in Middle Pleistocene Europe. In Africa itself, there are older wooden artifacts, such as a <a class="uo up uq ur lk us ut uu uv uw ux uy qb ix lx ly" href="/archaeology/2023-09-20/ty-article/half-million-year-old-wooden-structure-found-in-zambia/0000018a-b1a5-d6d1-addb-f5afa0a90000" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">half-million-year-old log structure discovered in Zambia</a>.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">But if we accept this resinous rectangle was manipulated, is 55 to 50,000 years old and was made by Homo sapiens, then it wins some kind of crown.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl vn vo go gp vp vq vr vs vt vu fp fq vv fs ft vw vx ah fj fk fl fm fn fo vy gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"><figure class="} m ev f pt py"><div class="eg m pu"><button type="button" class="ei pv pw px py kh ew mj et eg pz qa qb bk qc qd"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el qe en qf ev jf" data-test="IconZoomIn"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M165.9 153.6c7.8-10.8 12.5-24.1 12.5-38.5 0-36.3-29.5-65.8-65.7-65.8S47 78.9 47 115.1c0 36.3 29.5 65.8 65.7 65.8 14.7 0 28.3-4.9 39.3-13.1l51.6 51.6 14.1-14.1-51.8-51.7zM148 120h-28v28h-16v-28H76v-16h28V76h16v28h28v16z"></path></svg><span class="ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek cz">Open gallery view</span></button><div class="qg xr m f qk"></div></div><div class="qq qr db dm ie dn wa dp dq qs qt dv dw"><span class="qp">Excavations at Mololo Cave on Waigeo Island.</span><span class="ao pt rj dp dq qs qt">Credit: Tristan Russell/The Raja Ampat Archaeological Project</span></div></figure></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">"Charting the earliest dispersals of people into West Papua is vital because it lies at the gateway to the Pacific, and helps us understand where the ancestors of the wider region – including Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand, and Hawai'i – came from and how they adapted to living in this new and unfamiliar sea of islands," stated lead author Dylan Gaffney of the University of Oxford's School of Archaeology.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">The team claims these early arrivers brought maritime and plant-processing skills to the region, and arguably they had such skills. It is possible, though, that others did too. Neanderthals for instance have been deemed <a class="uo up uq ur lk us ut uu uv uw ux uy qb ix lx ly" href="/archaeology/2019-11-13/ty-article-magazine/.premium/prehistoric-superglue-may-reveal-neanderthal-experiments-200-000-years-ago/0000017f-dc80-df9c-a17f-fe9846de0000" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">capable of highly complex methods of cooking tree sap</a> to make glue to haft their spears and other stone implements 200,000 years ago. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">Elsewhere, other Neanderthals had some command of material science and <a class="uo up uq ur lk us ut uu uv uw ux uy qb ix lx ly" href="/archaeology/2024-02-21/ty-article/get-a-grip-unsuspected-neanderthal-abilities-revealed-in-france/0000018d-cbdf-d09f-a3df-ebffe6cc0001" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">were making a better handle for their knives</a>, archaeologists suspect. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">That does not denigrate the complexity of manufacturing the resin rectangle.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><h2 class="wb wc wd we go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">Somebody woz there</h2><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">It bears adding that modern humans have been leaving Africa since our species staggered to its feet there, at some point. Early modern humans have been found around the Mediterranean, including in Israel, from 200,000 years ago. The belief is that modern humans who left Africa more than about 50,000 to 45,000 years ago went extinct. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">This paper does not prove otherwise. It is possible that early humans did reach Southeast Asia and the Raja Ampat Islands, northwest of New Guinea where the Mololo cave is located, as much as 65,000 years ago as some suggest, but have no descendants today. The team does note that conveniently for access, ocean levels were lower at the time because more water was locked up, which may have facilitated human dispersion. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><div class="q r gl vn vo go gp vp vq vr vs vt vu fp fq vv fs ft vw vx ah fj fk fl fm fn fo vy gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"><figure class="} m ev f pt py"><div class="eg m pu"><button type="button" class="ei pv pw px py kh ew mj et eg pz qa qb bk qc qd"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el qe en qf ev jf" data-test="IconZoomIn"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M165.9 153.6c7.8-10.8 12.5-24.1 12.5-38.5 0-36.3-29.5-65.8-65.7-65.8S47 78.9 47 115.1c0 36.3 29.5 65.8 65.7 65.8 14.7 0 28.3-4.9 39.3-13.1l51.6 51.6 14.1-14.1-51.8-51.7zM148 120h-28v28h-16v-28H76v-16h28V76h16v28h28v16z"></path></svg><span class="ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek cz">Open gallery view</span></button><div class="qg xs m f qk"></div></div><div class="qq qr db dm ie dn wa dp dq qs qt dv dw"><span class="qp">Limestone karst isles around Waigeo Island. In the Ice Age, these would have been hilltops.</span><span class="ao pt rj dp dq qs qt">Credit: Tristan Russell /The Raja Ampat Archaeological Project</span></div></figure></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">In any case, the authors suggest their find is the first evidence for the earliest stage of human arrival along the northern route into the Pacific – moving from Borneo to Sulawesi, Maluku, and then to West Papua.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">They note that the earliest evidence along the postulated southern route dates to about 44,000 years ago.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">Their argument is based in part on reconstruction of ancient sea levels 65,000 to 50,000 years ago – about 50 to 30 meters lower than today. Mark that well, because all that water will come back as the climate warms.</p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">So what have we? Sparse but extant evidence for human occupation along the northern equatorial route toward Australia Sahul earlier than 50,000 years ago, the authors claim. "H. sapiens probably produced this archaeological record, moving by raft/boat through the humid tropics," they say evocatively. </p><div class="undefined ev"><div class="FI_PH"></div></div><p class="py vd ve vf vg vh go gn gm vi vj vk vl r q vm fy fz gb gc gd ge ah fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv gp gq gr gs gt gu gv">But maybe not. They specifically spell out that it is possible that Denisovans slept there, and/or that the beings eating fruit bats and harvesting resin to make, possibly, prehistoric matches were hybrids of humans and Denisovans. Only more time and more discoveries may tell, or not.</p><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"></div><div class="q r gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv fp fq fr fs ft fu fv ah fj fk fl fm fn fo gw gx gy gz ha hb ac ae af ag"><div class="a b db ph it ki iv kj d e" data-test="tags"><h2 class="k qp">Click the alert icon to follow topics:</h2><ul class="a xt xu xv"><li class="xw xx a cx du"><button type="button" data-test="tagAlertButton"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el xy en ma xz ya yb" data-test="IconAlert"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M196.9 169.3c-4-4-6.3-9.2-6.7-14.8L187 94.8c0-25-21.2-45.1-49.1-48.4 0-1.2-.1-2.8-.1-4.3 0-3.3-2-6.4-5.1-7.6-5.4-1.9-10.5 2-10.4 7.1 0 2.1.1 3.7.1 4.8-27.9 3.3-49.6 23.3-49.6 48.3l-3.3 59.6c-.3 5.6-2.7 10.9-6.7 14.9L46 186v7h168v-7l-17.1-16.7zM110.6 202h38c0 10.5-8.3 18.6-18.8 18.6s-19.2-8.1-19.2-18.6z"></path></svg></button><a data-test="link" href="/ty-tag/evolution-0000017f-da28-d42c-afff-dffa2cc40000"><span class="k oe of">Evolution</span></a></li><li class="xw xx a cx du"><button type="button" data-test="tagAlertButton"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el xy en ma xz ya yb" data-test="IconAlert"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M196.9 169.3c-4-4-6.3-9.2-6.7-14.8L187 94.8c0-25-21.2-45.1-49.1-48.4 0-1.2-.1-2.8-.1-4.3 0-3.3-2-6.4-5.1-7.6-5.4-1.9-10.5 2-10.4 7.1 0 2.1.1 3.7.1 4.8-27.9 3.3-49.6 23.3-49.6 48.3l-3.3 59.6c-.3 5.6-2.7 10.9-6.7 14.9L46 186v7h168v-7l-17.1-16.7zM110.6 202h38c0 10.5-8.3 18.6-18.8 18.6s-19.2-8.1-19.2-18.6z"></path></svg></button><a data-test="link" href="/ty-tag/israel-archaeology-0000017f-da2e-d938-a17f-fe2e56630000"><span class="k oe of">Israel archaeology</span></a></li><li class="xw xx a cx du"><button type="button" data-test="tagAlertButton"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el xy en ma xz ya yb" data-test="IconAlert"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M196.9 169.3c-4-4-6.3-9.2-6.7-14.8L187 94.8c0-25-21.2-45.1-49.1-48.4 0-1.2-.1-2.8-.1-4.3 0-3.3-2-6.4-5.1-7.6-5.4-1.9-10.5 2-10.4 7.1 0 2.1.1 3.7.1 4.8-27.9 3.3-49.6 23.3-49.6 48.3l-3.3 59.6c-.3 5.6-2.7 10.9-6.7 14.9L46 186v7h168v-7l-17.1-16.7zM110.6 202h38c0 10.5-8.3 18.6-18.8 18.6s-19.2-8.1-19.2-18.6z"></path></svg></button><a data-test="link" href="/ty-tag/paleontology-0000017f-da55-d718-a5ff-fad59b8a0000"><span class="k oe of">Paleontology</span></a></li></ul><div class="eg m bu ik mj ph uf ih ug bk uh ui uj" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true"><div tabindex="-1" class="uk hl ih ug bk hm hn"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="f g"><div class="r q f g ah ai fr fq fu fv fs ft aj fw yc yd ye yf yg yh"><div><section class="g yi yj" data-test="articleLayoutRow"><div class="m yk yl ym yn yo yp"><div class="me qw yq yr ys yt"></div><div class="yu yv yw yx yy yz za zb zc zd ze zf zg zh zi"></div></div></section></div></div></div><div class="f g"><div class="r q f g ah ai fr fq fu fv fs ft aj fw yc yd ye yf yg yh"><section class="zj zk zl zm zn zo zp zq zr zs"></section></div></div><div class="f g"><div class="r q f g ah ai fr fq fu fv fs ft aj fw yc yd ye yf yg yh"><div><section class="g yi yj" data-test="articleLayoutRow"><h2 class="zt tc m zu yu yw yx zq wd we zr zs zv zw ty zx zk zl zy zz aba abb" id="commentsSection"><div class="qw abc yq yr ys yt"><span>Comments</span></div></h2><div class="m yk yl ym yn yo yp"><div class="me qw yq yr ys yt"></div><div class="yu yv yw yx yy yz za zb zc zd ze zf zg zh zi"><div><div class="ph wa"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" class="el k en abd bc abe q r ev"><style> .htz-loader-circle{ -webkit-transform-origin:center center; 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Or maybe the fruit bats were easier to catch. 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The islands were faunally depauperate, the authors write – they just didn't have big animals to eat.","tag":"p"},"MagazineArticle:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2ad10000.body.19":{"__typename":"Enhancement","inline":false,"externalContent":null,"excludeBrake":{"type":"json","json":[]},"excludePlatform":{"type":"json","json":[]},"excludeUserTypes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"actionId":null,"campaignDetails":null,"campaignName":null,"featureType":null,"feature":null,"includeData":false,"item":[{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"ImageRichTextElement:00000191-4859-d2bc-abd5-5e5b83950000_00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001","typename":"ImageRichTextElement"}]},"ImageRichTextElement:00000191-4859-d2bc-abd5-5e5b83950000_00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001":{"__typename":"ImageRichTextElement","image":{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001","typename":"htz_image_Image"},"placement":"center","aspect":"fullimage","contentId":"00000191-4859-d2bc-abd5-5e5b83950000"},"htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001":{"__typename":"htz_image_Image","accessibility":"Tree resin artifact excavated from Mololo Cave, dated to 55,000 to 50,000 years ago.","contentId":"00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001","legalComment":null,"link":null,"photographer":null,"playbackBehaviour":"autoPlay","type":"image","credit":"Credit: Dylan Gaffney/The Raja Ampat Archaeological Project","caption":"Tree resin artifact excavated from Mololo Cave, dated to 55,000 to 50,000 years ago.","name":"Tree resin artifact excavated from Mololo Cave, dated to 55,000 to 50,000 years ago.","files":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0","typename":"ImageViewModel_ImageFile"}]},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.headline":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":1141,"width":1962,"x":0,"y":301},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops":{"headline":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.headline","typename":"ImageCrop"},"landscape":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.landscape","typename":"ImageCrop"},"regular":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.regular","typename":"ImageCrop"},"square":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.square","typename":"ImageCrop"},"vertical":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.vertical","typename":"ImageCrop"},"wide":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.wide","typename":"ImageCrop"},"__typename":"ImageCrops"},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.landscape":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":849,"width":1962,"x":0,"y":447},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.regular":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":1509,"width":1962,"x":0,"y":117},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.square":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":1962,"width":1962,"x":0,"y":0},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.vertical":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":2200,"width":1870,"x":90,"y":0},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops.wide":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":613,"width":1962,"x":0,"y":565},"htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0":{"crops":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-4859-d829-a5dd-4fdd97770001.files.0.crops","typename":"ImageCrops"},"height":2200,"path":"0e/5a/48a3a64e4195b369ad9b05472258/503461.jpg","width":1962,"__typename":"ImageViewModel_ImageFile"},"HtmlNode:p-13":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-13","attributes":null,"content":"Note that Asia and its southeast were also home to another human race known as the Denisovans. It is possible that Denisovans persisted in Southeast Asia as late as 15,000 years ago. But the team of researchers, from University of Oxford in collaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, explain their find as a stamping ground of modern humans.","tag":"p"},"MagazineArticle:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2ad10000.body.21":{"__typename":"Enhancement","inline":false,"externalContent":null,"excludeBrake":{"type":"json","json":[]},"excludePlatform":{"type":"json","json":[]},"excludeUserTypes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"actionId":null,"campaignDetails":null,"campaignName":null,"featureType":null,"feature":null,"includeData":false,"item":[{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000","typename":"AdSlotRichTextElement"}]},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000":{"__typename":"AdSlotRichTextElement","divId":null,"contentId":"00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000","adUnitPath":"/9401/haaretz.com/Haaretz.com.InRead.3.Desktop/Haaretz.com.InRead.3.Desktop_section/Haaretz.com.InRead.3.Desktop_section.archaeology","adCaption":"Advertisement","cssClass":"bottom-margin","inlineStyle":null,"interstitial":false,"sizeMapping":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.0","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.1","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.2","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.3","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.4","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.5","typename":"SizeMapping"}],"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[[300,150],[330,330],[500,415],[336,280],[250,250],[600,400],[300,250]]},"targetUsers":"nonPaying","excludePlatforms":null,"excludePageTypes":null,"placement":"center"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.0":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[0,0]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.1":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[[250,250],[300,150],[300,250],[330,330],[336,280]]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[600,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.2":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[768,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.3":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[[250,250],[300,150],[300,250],[330,330],[336,280],[500,415]]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[1024,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.4":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[[250,250],[300,150],[300,250],[330,330],[336,280],[500,415]]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[1280,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf870000.sizeMapping.5":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[[250,250],[300,150],[300,250],[330,330],[336,280],[500,415],[600,400]]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[1920,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"HtmlNode:p-14":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-14","attributes":null,"content":"If so, the finds on Waigeo are evidence of modern humans in this region 55,000 to 50,000 years ago, supporting the early-settlement hypothesis for Southeast Asia and, by inference, Australia. And if so, the team writes, this little piece of resin that may or may not have been manipulated, possibly to create a material to ignite fire, is the earliest known artifact made of plants outside Africa. ","tag":"p"},"MagazineArticle:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2ad10000.body.23":{"__typename":"Enhancement","inline":false,"externalContent":null,"excludeBrake":{"type":"json","json":[]},"excludePlatform":{"type":"json","json":[]},"excludeUserTypes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"actionId":null,"campaignDetails":null,"campaignName":null,"featureType":null,"feature":null,"includeData":false,"item":[{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002","typename":"AdSlotRichTextElement"}]},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002":{"__typename":"AdSlotRichTextElement","divId":null,"contentId":"00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002","adUnitPath":"/9401/haaretz.com/Haaretz.com.InRead.3.Mobile/Haaretz.com.InRead.3.Mobile_section/Haaretz.com.InRead.3.Mobile_section.archaeology","adCaption":"Advertisement","cssClass":"bottom-margin","inlineStyle":null,"interstitial":false,"sizeMapping":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.0","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.1","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.2","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.3","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.4","typename":"SizeMapping"},{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.5","typename":"SizeMapping"}],"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[[300,150],[300,100],[330,330],[336,280],[250,250],[300,250]]},"targetUsers":"nonPaying","excludePlatforms":null,"excludePageTypes":null,"placement":"center"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.0":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[[250,250],[300,100],[300,150],[300,250],[330,330],[336,280]]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[0,0]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.1":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[600,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.2":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[768,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.3":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[1024,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.4":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[1280,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"AdSlotRichTextElement:00000193-5f0a-d5e7-a5bf-ff9edf880002.sizeMapping.5":{"sizes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"viewport":{"type":"json","json":[1920,100]},"__typename":"SizeMapping"},"HtmlNode:p-15":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-15","attributes":null,"content":"To be clear, there are earlier artifacts made of plants outside Africa, but they weren't made by our species. Take for instance the wooden spears dating to about 400,000 years ago in Germany. Those weren't made by Homo sapiens – because we didn't exist anywhere yet, let alone in Middle Pleistocene Europe. In Africa itself, there are older wooden artifacts, such as a \u003ca class=\"#a#\" href=\"/archaeology/2023-09-20/ty-article/half-million-year-old-wooden-structure-found-in-zambia/0000018a-b1a5-d6d1-addb-f5afa0a90000\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"\u003ehalf-million-year-old log structure discovered in Zambia\u003c/a\u003e.","tag":"p"},"HtmlNode:p-16":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-16","attributes":null,"content":"But if we accept this resinous rectangle was manipulated, is 55 to 50,000 years old and was made by Homo sapiens, then it wins some kind of crown.","tag":"p"},"MagazineArticle:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e2ad10000.body.26":{"__typename":"Enhancement","inline":false,"externalContent":null,"excludeBrake":{"type":"json","json":[]},"excludePlatform":{"type":"json","json":[]},"excludeUserTypes":{"type":"json","json":[]},"actionId":null,"campaignDetails":null,"campaignName":null,"featureType":null,"feature":null,"includeData":false,"item":[{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"ImageRichTextElement:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e214f0000_00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000","typename":"ImageRichTextElement"}]},"ImageRichTextElement:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e214f0000_00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000":{"__typename":"ImageRichTextElement","image":{"type":"id","generated":false,"id":"htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000","typename":"htz_image_Image"},"placement":"middle-wide","aspect":null,"contentId":"00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e214f0000"},"htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000":{"__typename":"htz_image_Image","accessibility":"מחקר ארכיאולוגיה צמח צמחים","contentId":"00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000","legalComment":null,"link":null,"photographer":null,"playbackBehaviour":"autoPlay","type":"image","credit":"Credit: Tristan Russell/The Raja Ampat Archaeological Project","caption":"Excavations at Mololo Cave on Waigeo Island.","name":"מחקר ארכיאולוגיה צמח צמחים","files":[{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0","typename":"ImageViewModel_ImageFile"}]},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.headline":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":727,"width":1250,"x":0,"y":106},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops":{"headline":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.headline","typename":"ImageCrop"},"landscape":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.landscape","typename":"ImageCrop"},"regular":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.regular","typename":"ImageCrop"},"square":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.square","typename":"ImageCrop"},"vertical":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.vertical","typename":"ImageCrop"},"wide":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.wide","typename":"ImageCrop"},"__typename":"ImageCrops"},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.landscape":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":541,"width":1250,"x":0,"y":200},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.regular":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":833,"width":1083,"x":167,"y":0},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.square":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":833,"width":833,"x":382,"y":0},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.vertical":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":833,"width":708,"x":445,"y":0},"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops.wide":{"__typename":"ImageCrop","height":391,"width":1250,"x":0,"y":275},"htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0":{"crops":{"type":"id","generated":true,"id":"$htz_image_Image:00000191-484e-d16c-afbd-4c5e209d0000.files.0.crops","typename":"ImageCrops"},"height":833,"path":"3f/2c/080bb55f41278c5ceb5672c01db4/58018341.JPG","width":1250,"__typename":"ImageViewModel_ImageFile"},"HtmlNode:p-17":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-17","attributes":null,"content":"\"Charting the earliest dispersals of people into West Papua is vital because it lies at the gateway to the Pacific, and helps us understand where the ancestors of the wider region – including Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand, and Hawai'i – came from and how they adapted to living in this new and unfamiliar sea of islands,\" stated lead author Dylan Gaffney of the University of Oxford's School of Archaeology.","tag":"p"},"HtmlNode:p-18":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-18","attributes":null,"content":"The team claims these early arrivers brought maritime and plant-processing skills to the region, and arguably they had such skills. It is possible, though, that others did too. Neanderthals for instance have been deemed \u003ca class=\"#a#\" href=\"/archaeology/2019-11-13/ty-article-magazine/.premium/prehistoric-superglue-may-reveal-neanderthal-experiments-200-000-years-ago/0000017f-dc80-df9c-a17f-fe9846de0000\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"\u003ecapable of highly complex methods of cooking tree sap\u003c/a\u003e to make glue to haft their spears and other stone implements 200,000 years ago. ","tag":"p"},"HtmlNode:p-19":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-19","attributes":null,"content":"Elsewhere, other Neanderthals had some command of material science and \u003ca class=\"#a#\" href=\"/archaeology/2024-02-21/ty-article/get-a-grip-unsuspected-neanderthal-abilities-revealed-in-france/0000018d-cbdf-d09f-a3df-ebffe6cc0001\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"\u003ewere making a better handle for their knives\u003c/a\u003e, archaeologists suspect. ","tag":"p"},"HtmlNode:p-20":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-20","attributes":null,"content":"That does not denigrate the complexity of manufacturing the resin rectangle.","tag":"p"},"HtmlNode:h3-21":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"h3-21","attributes":null,"content":"Somebody woz there","tag":"h3"},"HtmlNode:p-22":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-22","attributes":null,"content":"It bears adding that modern humans have been leaving Africa since our species staggered to its feet there, at some point. Early modern humans have been found around the Mediterranean, including in Israel, from 200,000 years ago. The belief is that modern humans who left Africa more than about 50,000 to 45,000 years ago went extinct. ","tag":"p"},"HtmlNode:p-23":{"__typename":"HtmlNode","id":"p-23","attributes":null,"content":"This paper does not prove otherwise. It is possible that early humans did reach Southeast Asia and the Raja Ampat Islands, northwest of New Guinea where the Mololo cave is located, as much as 65,000 years ago as some suggest, but have no descendants today. The team does note that conveniently for access, ocean levels were lower at the time because more water was locked up, which may have facilitated human dispersion. 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