CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cocaïna - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )cawikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","gener","febrer","març","abril","maig","juny","juliol","agost","setembre","octubre","novembre","desembre"],"wgRequestId":"65c83b97-e400-4da9-97f8-0ddea3d62a71","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cocaïna","wgTitle":"Cocaïna","wgCurRevisionId":34262242,"wgRevisionId":34262242,"wgArticleId":139568,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles amb la plantilla Webarchive amb enllaç wayback","Pàgines amb etiquetes de Wikidata sense traducció","Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata","Control d'autoritats","Alcaloides","Estimulants del sistema nerviós central","Anestèsics","Èsters de benzoat","Èsters de carboxilats","Èsters metílics","Metabòlits secundaris"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ca","wgPageContentLanguage":"ca","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cocaïna", "wgRelevantArticleId":139568,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ca","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ca"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q41576","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled": false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","wikibase.client.data-bridge.externalModifiers":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.AltresViccionari","ext.gadget.purgetab", "ext.gadget.DocTabs","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","wikibase.client.data-bridge.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ca&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.data-bridge.externalModifiers%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ca&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ca&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Amapolaa_en_polvo_%28cocaina%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1096"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Amapolaa_en_polvo_%28cocaina%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="731"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="585"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cocaïna - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ca.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%AFna"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifica" href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Viquipèdia (ca)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ca.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%AFna"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ca"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Canal de sindicació Atom Viquipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Canvis_recents&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cocaïna rootpage-Cocaïna skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Coca%C3%AFna" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Coca%C3%AFna" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Coca%C3%AFna" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Coca%C3%AFna" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extracció" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extracció"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Extracció</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extracció-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Addicció" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Addicció"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Addicció</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Addicció-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forma_de_consum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forma_de_consum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Forma de consum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forma_de_consum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efectes_immediats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efectes_immediats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Efectes immediats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efectes_immediats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efectes_a_llarg_termini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efectes_a_llarg_termini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Efectes a llarg termini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efectes_a_llarg_termini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ús_terapèutic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ús_terapèutic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ús terapèutic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ús_terapèutic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cocaïna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 97 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koka%C3%AFen" title="Kokaïen - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kokaïen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كوكايين - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوكايين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كوكايين - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوكايين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%ADna" title="Cocaína - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cocaína" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Cocaine" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Какаін - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Какаін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Какаін - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Какаін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кокаин - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кокаин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="কোকেইন - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোকেইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کۆکایین - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆکایین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coc%C3%AAn" title="Cocên - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cocên" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%90%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Κοκαΐνη - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοκαΐνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cocaine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokaino" title="Kokaino - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kokaino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%ADna" title="Cocaína - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cocaína" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokaiin" title="Kokaiin - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kokaiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokaina" title="Kokaina - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kokaina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کوکائین - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوکائین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokaiini" title="Kokaiini - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kokaiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%AFne" title="Cocaïne - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cocaïne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3caon" title="Cócaon - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cócaon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2cein" title="Còcein - gaèlic escocès" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Còcein" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaèlic escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%ADna" title="Cocaína - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cocaína" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קוקאין - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוקאין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="कोकेन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोकेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Կոկաին - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոկաին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaina" title="Cocaina - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cocaina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokaino" title="Kokaino - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kokaino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ka%C3%ADn" title="Kókaín - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kókaín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaina" title="Cocaina - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cocaina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="コカイン - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コカイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokaina" title="Kokaina - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kokaina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კოკაინი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოკაინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кокаин - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кокаин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೊಕೇನ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೊಕೇನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="코카인 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코카인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کوکین - caixmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کوکین" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caixmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кокаин - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кокаин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocainum" title="Cocainum - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cocainum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokeyini" title="Kokeyini - ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Kokeyini" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%AFne" title="Cocaïne - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cocaïne" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaina" title="Cocaina - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cocaina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokainas" title="Kokainas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kokainas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koka%C4%ABns" title="Kokaīns - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kokaīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4kainina" title="Kôkainina - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kôkainina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кокаин - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кокаин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B5%BB" title="കൊക്കെയ്ൻ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊക്കെയ്ൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကိုကိန်း - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုကိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کوکائین - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کوکائین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="कोकेन - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोकेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%AFne" title="Cocaïne - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cocaïne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%AFna" title="Cocaïna - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cocaïna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8" title="କୋକେନ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୋକେନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੋਕੀਨ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਕੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokaina" title="Kokaina - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kokaina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كوكايين - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="كوكايين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca%C3%ADna" title="Cocaína - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cocaína" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocain%C4%83" title="Cocaină - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cocaină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кокаин - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кокаин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucaina" title="Cucaina - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cucaina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cocaine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koka%C3%ADn" title="Kokaín - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kokaín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokaina" title="Kokaina - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kokaina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кокаин - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кокаин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கோக்கைன் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோக்கைன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కొకైన్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొకైన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99" title="โคเคน - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โคเคน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD" title="Кокаїн - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кокаїн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کوکین - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوکین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain" title="Kokain - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kokain" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocain" title="Cocain - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cocain" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokayna" title="Kokayna - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kokayna" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="可卡因 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="可卡因" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კოკაინი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოკაინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="可卡因 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="可卡因" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="可卡因 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="可卡因" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="可卡因 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="可卡因" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41576#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coca%C3%AFna" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coca%C3%AFna"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coca%C3%AFna"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Coca%C3%AFna" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Coca%C3%AFna" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&oldid=34262242" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Coca%C3%AFna&id=34262242&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCoca%25C3%25AFna"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCoca%25C3%25AFna"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Coca%C3%AFna"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Coca%C3%AFna&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cocaine" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41576" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background:#b0d1ad"><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:McCormick_Pills.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula de fàrmac"><img alt="Infotaula de fàrmac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/McCormick_Pills.svg/25px-McCormick_Pills.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/McCormick_Pills.svg/38px-McCormick_Pills.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/McCormick_Pills.svg/50px-McCormick_Pills.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span>Cocaïna</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Amapolaa_en_polvo_(cocaina).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Amapolaa_en_polvo_%28cocaina%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="274" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitxer:Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg&lang=ca" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg/langca-300px-Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg/langca-450px-Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg/langca-600px-Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="164" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Malaltia objecte</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dolor" title="Dolor">dolor</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tos" title="Tos">tos</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P2175" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#b0d1ad">Dades clíniques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Categoria_de_risc_d%27un_f%C3%A0rmac_en_l%27embar%C3%A0s" title="Categoria de risc d'un fàrmac en l'embaràs">Risc per l'embaràs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>C</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Depend%C3%A8ncia_farmacol%C3%B2gica" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependència farmacològica">Risc de dependència</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Alta</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Via_d%27administraci%C3%B3" title="Via d'administració">Via</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tòpica, oral, inhalació, IV, PO</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Grup_farmacol%C3%B2gic" title="Grup farmacològic">Grup farmacològic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%88ster" title="Èster">èster</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q72801119" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q72801119">tertiary amine</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72801119?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105381234" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q105381234">cocaine</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105381234?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Codi_ATC" title="Codi ATC">Codi ATC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Codi_ATC_N01" title="Codi ATC N01">N01</a><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N01BC01">BC01</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Codi_ATC_R02" title="Codi ATC R02">R02</a><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=$1"><span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"></span></span></a><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/P267?uselang=ca#P1630" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></spaR02AD03 AD03, <a href="/wiki/Codi_ATC_S01" title="Codi ATC S01">S01</a><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=$1"><span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"></span></span></a><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/P267?uselang=ca#P1630" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></spaS01HA01 HA01, <a href="/wiki/Codi_ATC_S02" title="Codi ATC S02">S02</a><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=$1"><span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"></span></span></a><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/P267?uselang=ca#P1630" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></spaS02DA02 DA02<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N01BC01">N01BC01</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S01HA01">S01HA01</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=R02AD03">R02AD03</a> i <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S02DA02">S02DA02</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P267" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#b0d1ad">Dades químiques i físiques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Fórmula química">Fórmula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>17</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>21</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>4</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Massa_molecular" title="Massa molecular">Massa molecular</a></th><td class="infobox-data">303,36 g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Densitat" title="Densitat">Densitat</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,22 g/cm³ <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P2054" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Punt_de_fusi%C3%B3" title="Punt de fusió">Punt de fusió</a></th><td class="infobox-data">195 °C (383 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Punt_d%27ebullici%C3%B3" title="Punt d'ebullició">Punt d'ebullició</a></th><td class="infobox-data">187 °C <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P2102" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Soluci%C3%B3_aquosa" title="Solució aquosa">Solubilitat en aigua</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1800 mg/mL (20 °C)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="font-weight:bold; width:100%; background:transparent" align="left"><a href="/wiki/SMILES" title="SMILES">SMILES</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="word-break:break-all;"></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#b0d1ad">Estat legal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gim_de_dispensaci%C3%B3_d%27un_producte_farmac%C3%A8utic" title="Règim de dispensació d'un producte farmacèutic">R. dispensació</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr title="Austràlia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Drugs_and_Poisons#Schedule_9_Prohibited_Substance" class="extiw" title="en:Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons">Prohibit (S9)</a> </li> <li><small><abbr title="Canadà">CA</abbr></small>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_I" class="extiw" title="en:Controlled Drugs and Substances Act">Llista I</a> </li> <li><small><abbr title="Regne Unit">RU</abbr>:</small> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs_controlled_by_the_UK_Misuse_of_Drugs_Act#Class_A_drugs" class="extiw" title="en:Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act">Classe A</a> </li> <li><small><abbr title="Estats Units">EUA</abbr>:</small> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_II_drugs" class="extiw" title="en:Controlled Substances Act">Llista II</a> </li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#b0d1ad">Dades <a href="/wiki/Farmacocin%C3%A8tica" title="Farmacocinètica">farmacocinètiques</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Biodisponibilitat" title="Biodisponibilitat">Biodisponibilitat</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oral: 30%<br />Nasal: 30-60%<sup id="cite_ref-pagliaros_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pagliaros-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Metabolisme_dels_f%C3%A0rmacs" title="Metabolisme dels fàrmacs">Metabolisme</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hepatic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hepatic (encara no existeix)">Hepatic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP3A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP3A4 (encara no existeix)">CYP3A4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Semivida_(farmacologia)" title="Semivida (farmacologia)">Vida mitjana</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 hora</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Excreci%C3%B3" title="Excreció">Excreció</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Renal (benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:#b0d1ad">Identificadors</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="font-weight:bold; width:100%; background:transparent" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nomenclatura_IUPAC" title="Nomenclatura IUPAC">Nom IUPAC</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 11px;">methyl (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>,5<i>S</i>)-3- (benzoiloxi)-8-metil-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octà-2-carboxilat</span></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_CAS" title="Número CAS">Número CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.commonchemistry.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=50-36-2">50-36-2</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(CID)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5760">5760</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/IUPHAR/BPS" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPHAR/BPS">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2286">2286</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P595" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/APRD00080">APRD00080</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10194104.html">10194104</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P661" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/srsdirect.jsp?regno=I5Y540LHVR">I5Y540LHVR</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P652" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00110">D00110</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P665" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:27958">27958</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P683" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound/inspect/CHEMBL370805">CHEMBL370805</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P592" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> ligand ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.rcsb.org/ligand/COC">COC</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576?uselang=ca#P3636" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%A8ncia_Europea_de_Productes_Qu%C3%ADmics" title="Agència Europea de Productes Químics">AEPQ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.030">100.000.030</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>cocaïna</b> (de nom químic <i>2β-carbometioxi-3β-benzoxitropà, ecgoní metil ester benzoat</i>) és un <a href="/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide">alcaloide</a> que s'extreu de la planta anomenada <i><a href="/wiki/Coca_(planta)" title="Coca (planta)">Erythroxylum coca</a></i>, un arbust originari del <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú">Perú</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvia" title="Bolívia">Bolívia</a>. És un fort <a href="/wiki/Estimulant" title="Estimulant">estimulant</a> utilitzat sobretot com a <a href="/wiki/Droga_recreativa" title="Droga recreativa">droga recreativa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les formes més comunes de consum són <a href="/wiki/Inhalaci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalació">inhalació</a>, insuflació o injecció en vena en forma de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clorhidrat_de_coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clorhidrat de cocaïna (encara no existeix)">clorhidrat de cocaïna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasta_de_coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasta de cocaïna (encara no existeix)">pasta bàsica de cocaïna</a> i <a href="/wiki/Crack_(droga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crack (droga)">crack</a>. </p><p>Els efectes mentals que provoquen inclouen la pèrdua de contacte amb la realitat, agressivitat,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> l'agudització de l'estat d'alerta i <a href="/wiki/Trastorn_delirant" title="Trastorn delirant">mania persecutòria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> una intensa sensació de felicitat i agitació psicomotriu. Els símptomes a nivell físic són una ràpida <a href="/wiki/Freq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncia_card%C3%ADaca" title="Freqüència cardíaca">freqüència cardíaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudoraci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudoració">sudoració</a> i dilatació de les pupil·les<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i altes dosis poden provocar una tensió arterial alta i l'augment de la <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_corporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura corporal">temperatura corporal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els efectes comencen tot just uns segons (o minuts) després del seu consum i duren entre cinc i noranta minuts.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Encara que la major part del seu consum es realitza de forma il·legal, la cocaïna té un petit nombre d'usos mèdics acceptats com a <a href="/wiki/Anest%C3%A8sic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anestèsic">anestèsic tòpic</a> i <a href="/wiki/Antihemorr%C3%A0gic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihemorràgic">antihemorràgic</a> durant cirurgies nasals, entre d'altres.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La cocaïna és molt addictiva, a causa del seu efecte sobre la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_mesol%C3%ADmbica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via mesolímbica (encara no existeix)">via mesolímbica</a> del cervell, i hi ha un alt risc de patir dependència, encara que el període de consum hagi estat curt.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El seu ús també augmenta el risc d'<a href="/wiki/Accident_cerebrovascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Accident cerebrovascular">accident cerebrovascular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infart_de_miocardi" title="Infart de miocardi">infart de miocardi</a>, problemes pulmonars en els fumadors, infeccions sanguínies i <a href="/wiki/Aturada_cardiorespirat%C3%B2ria" title="Aturada cardiorespiratòria">aturada cardiorespiratòria</a> sobtada.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La cocaïna que es ven al carrer es barreja habitualment amb <a href="/wiki/Anest%C3%A8sics_locals" class="mw-redirect" title="Anestèsics locals">anestèsics locals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mid%C3%B3_de_blat_de_moro" title="Midó de blat de moro">midó de blat de moro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quinina" title="Quinina">quinina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levamisol" class="mw-redirect" title="Levamisol">levamisol</a> o sucre, que poden donar lloc a un augment de la toxicitat.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Després de consumir dosis de manera repetida, la persona pot veure disminuïda la seva capacitat de sentir plaer (<a href="/wiki/Anhedonia" title="Anhedonia">anhedonia</a>) i estar molt cansada físicament.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La cocaïna és un estimulant del sistema nerviós central<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i un supressor de la gana.<sup id="cite_ref-ane_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ane-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actua mitjançant la inhibició de la recaptació de la <a href="/wiki/Serotonina" title="Serotonina">serotonina</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Norepinefrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Norepinefrina">norepinefrina</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Dopamina" title="Dopamina">dopamina</a>; això es tradueix en majors concentracions d'aquests tres <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmissor" title="Neurotransmissor">neurotransmissors</a> al cervell.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pot creuar fàcilment la <a href="/wiki/Barrera_hematoencef%C3%A0lica" title="Barrera hematoencefàlica">barrera hematoencefàlica</a>, encara que també pot danyar-la.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La cocaïna es fabrica a partir de les fulles de la <a href="/wiki/Erythroxylum_coca" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythroxylum coca">planta de la coca</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que es cultiva principalment a <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_del_Sud" title="Amèrica del Sud">Amèrica del Sud</a>, i el 2013, 419 quilograms de cocaïna van ser produïts de forma legal,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentre que el valor de la cocaïna comercialitzada en el <a href="/wiki/Mercat_negre" title="Mercat negre">mercat negre</a> s'estima entre 100.000 i 500.000 milions de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_nord-americ%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Dòlar nord-americà">dòlars nord-americans</a> cada any. El <i><a href="/wiki/Crack_(droga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crack (droga)">crack</a></i> s'obté a partir de la cocaïna.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Després de la <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(psic%C3%B2trop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis (psicòtrop)">marihuana</a>, la cocaïna és la droga il·legal<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> més consumida a nivell mundial,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ja que es calcula que entre 18 i 22 milions de persones van utilitzar la substància el 2014, amb <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_del_Nord" title="Amèrica del Nord">Amèrica del Nord</a> com el seu principal consumidor, seguit d'<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_del_Sud" title="Amèrica del Sud">Amèrica del Sud</a>. S'estima que entre l'1 i el 3 % dels habitants del <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_desenvolupats" class="mw-redirect" title="Països desenvolupats">món desenvolupat</a> han provat la cocaïna en algun moment de la seva vida<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i cada any, és la responsable directa de milers de morts.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les fulles de la planta de la coca porten sent utilitzades pels habitants de l'actual <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú">Perú</a> des de l'antiguitat, encara que per aïllar la cocaïna de la fulla caldria esperar fins a 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Des de 1961, està inclosa a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenci%C3%B3_%C3%9Anica_sobre_Estupefaents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convenció Única sobre Estupefaents (encara no existeix)">Convenció Única sobre Estupefaents</a>, a fi de combatre el seu trànsit i consum.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hi ha constància que permet afirmar que la planta ja s'utilitzava des del <a href="/wiki/3000_aC" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 aC">3000 aC</a>. L'any <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a> els laboratoris <a href="/wiki/Merck_KGaA" title="Merck KGaA">Merck</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a> van purificar els primers grams d'aquest alcaloide. Al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> el van convertir en un producte fonamental en innumerables medicines casolanes i begudes considerades tonificants, com ara el <i>Vin Tonique Mariani à la Coca de Perou</i> produït a <a href="/wiki/Bordeus" title="Bordeus">Bordeus</a> per un químic <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2rsega" title="Còrsega">cors</a> i amb un contingut de 6 mg de cocaïna/<a href="/wiki/Un%C3%A7a" title="Unça">unça</a> volumètrica.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Durant anys va ser un component més de la popular <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> fins que a principis del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> es va retirar de la fórmula en previsió de les lleis que prohibirien la venda i ús de la cocaïna<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, 1914).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extracció"><span id="Extracci.C3.B3"></span>Extracció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Extracció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els passos que se segueixen durant l'extracció de la cocaïna són: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><b>PROCESSOS D'EXTRACCIÓ</b></td> <td><b>REACTIUS USATS</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pas de la coca a la pasta</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queros%C3%A8" title="Querosè">Querosè</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%80cid_sulf%C3%BAric" title="Àcid sulfúric">àcid sulfúric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonat_s%C3%B2dic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicarbonat sòdic">bicarbonat sòdic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pas de la pasta a la base de la cocaïna</td> <td>Àcid sulfúric, <a href="/wiki/Permanganat_pot%C3%A0ssic" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanganat potàssic">permanganat potàssic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pas de la cocaïna al clorohidrat de la cocaïna</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%88ter_et%C3%ADlic" class="mw-redirect" title="Èter etílic">Èter etílic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acetona" title="Acetona">acetona</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%80cid_clorh%C3%ADdric" title="Àcid clorhídric">àcid clorhídric</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Addicció"><span id="Addicci.C3.B3"></span>Addicció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Addicció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La cocaïna és una substància que crea molta <a href="/wiki/Addicci%C3%B3" title="Addicció">addicció</a>. Per això, alguns consumidors de cocaïna poden esdevenir incapaços de controlar el consum d'aquesta substància i arriben a prendre quantitats molt superiors a les que havien previst o a invertir enormes quantitats de diners en l'adquisició de la cocaïna. </p><p>Com altres <a href="/wiki/Droga" title="Droga">drogues</a>, el consum continuat de cocaïna comporta un procés de <a href="/wiki/Toler%C3%A0ncia_(medicina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolerància (medicina)">tolerància</a> que fa que cada cop s'hagin de prendre dosis més elevades per experimentar els mateixos efectes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forma_de_consum">Forma de consum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Forma de consum"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Normalment es consumeix per <a href="/wiki/Inhalaci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalació">inhalació</a>, sense produir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Depend%C3%A8ncia_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dependència física (encara no existeix)">dependència física</a> però sí que es poden observar canvis en l'<a href="/wiki/Estat_an%C3%ADmic" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat anímic">estat anímic</a>: </p> <ul><li>insomni</li> <li>depressió</li> <li>irritabilitat</li> <li>cansament</li></ul> <p>Per <a href="/wiki/Via_oral" title="Via oral">via oral</a>, és poc activa. </p><p>Per via <a href="/wiki/Intravenosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenosa">intravenosa</a> pot provocar dependència física. </p><p>Una altra forma de consum és el <i><a href="/wiki/Crack" class="mw-redirect" title="Crack">crack</a></i> que es consumeix per inhalació i només necessita 10 segons per arribar al <a href="/wiki/Cervell" title="Cervell">cervell</a>. Els seus efectes màxims són de 30 segons i decreixen molt ràpidament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efectes_immediats">Efectes immediats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Efectes immediats"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La cocaïna és un <a href="/wiki/Estimulant" title="Estimulant">estimulant</a> del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_nervi%C3%B3s_central" title="Sistema nerviós central">sistema nerviós central</a>. Obstaculitza el procés de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reabsorci%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reabsorció (encara no existeix)">reabsorció</a> als circuits neuronals dopaminèrgics -<a href="/wiki/Dopamina" title="Dopamina">dopamina</a>-, per això les vies nervioses d'aquest circuit neuronal es troben contínuament excitades. </p><p>Els efectes fisiològics immediats que comporta el seu consum són: </p> <ul><li>dilatació de les <a href="/wiki/Pupil%C2%B7la" title="Pupil·la">pupil·les</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipertensi%C3%B3_arterial" title="Hipertensió arterial">augment de la pressió sanguínia</a> i del <a href="/wiki/Taquipnea" title="Taquipnea">ritme respiratori</a>.</li> <li>augment de la <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> del cos.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euf%C3%B2ria" title="Eufòria">eufòria</a>.</li> <li>reducció del <a href="/wiki/Cansament" class="mw-redirect" title="Cansament">cansament</a>.</li> <li>accentuació perceptiva.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Midriasi" title="Midriasi">Pupil·les dilatades</a>, coïssor al nas, gola seca: dificultat per menjar i molta set, pèrdua de gana i de son. Sensació d'eufòria, autoconfiança, energia, car suprimeix la sensació de cansament per després ensorrar al passar els efectes. Loquacitat, <a href="/wiki/Logorrea" title="Logorrea">parlar sense solta ni volta</a>. Nervis en tensió, ganes de moure's. Pèrdua de domini propi. Se salta a discutir i barallar el menor motiu. <a href="/wiki/Ansietat" title="Ansietat">Ansietat</a>. Una sola vegada és suficient per <a href="/wiki/Deler_(drogoaddicci%C3%B3)" title="Deler (drogoaddicció)">tenir fort desig de tornar a drogar-se</a> i repetir els records d'eufòria. </p><p>La durada dels efectes dependrà del temps d'absorció. Com més ràpida sigui l'absorció, els efectes duraran menys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efectes_a_llarg_termini">Efectes a llarg termini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Efectes a llarg termini"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El consum de cocaïna provoca una addicció psíquica important. Efectes de l'ús habitual: </p> <ul><li>fortes <a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoies</a>, fins a arribar a un <a href="/wiki/Psicosi" title="Psicosi">quadre psicòtic</a> greu.</li> <li>el sistema nerviós es deteriora.</li></ul> <p>Físicament, els efectes es manifesten sobre el <a href="/wiki/Sistema_cardiovascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema cardiovascular">sistema cardiovascular</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Sistema_respiratori" title="Sistema respiratori">sistema respiratori</a>: </p> <ul><li>taquicàrdia.</li> <li>hipertensió.</li> <li>respiració irregular.</li> <li>parada respiratòria.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ús_terapèutic"><span id=".C3.9As_terap.C3.A8utic"></span>Ús terapèutic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Ús terapèutic"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fins a la seva progressiva substitució per altres substàncies més efectives i amb menys complicacions, s'ha emprat en forma de solució <a href="/wiki/Via_d%27administraci%C3%B3" title="Via d'administració">tòpica</a> com <a href="/wiki/Anest%C3%A8sic_local" title="Anestèsic local">anestèsic local</a> per efectuar determinades cirurgies oculars, nasals o bucals.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pagliaros-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pagliaros_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPagliaro2004;_Gen,_pàgs:_462"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pagliaro</span>, Louis; Pagliaro, Ann Marie. <i>Pagliaros' Comprehensive Guide to Drugs and Substances of Abuse</i> (en anglès).  Washington, D.C.: American Pharmacists Association, 2004; Gen, pàgs: 462. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/1-58212-066-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/1-58212-066-8">ISBN 1-58212-066-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pagliaros%27+Comprehensive+Guide+to+Drugs+and+Substances+of+Abuse&rft.aulast=Pagliaro&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=2004%3B+Gen%2C+p%C3%A0gs%3A+462&rft.pub=American+Pharmacists+Association&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.isbn=1-58212-066-8"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3">2,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4">2,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5">2,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6">2,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-7">2,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/openurl/content.php?genre=article&doi=10.2174/092986712803988811">Data Available on the Extent of Cocaine Use and Dependence: Biochemistry, Pharmacologic Effects and Global Burden of Disease of Cocaine Abusers</a>». <i>Current Medicinal Chemistry</i>, 19, 33,  , pàg. 5647–5657. 10.2174/092986712803988811.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Fattore L, Piras G, Corda MG, Giorgi O «The Roman high- and low-avoidance rat lines differ in the acquisition, maintenance, extinction, and reinstatement of intravenous cocaine self-administration». <i>Neuropsychopharmacology</i>, 34, 5,  2009, pàg. 1091–101. 10.1038/npp.2008.438418365.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hollinger</span>, Mannfred A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=qfrLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA222#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Introduction to Pharmacology, Third Edition</i></a>.  CRC Press.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Pharmacology%2C+Third+Edition&rft.aulast=Hollinger&rft.aufirst=Mannfred+A.&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqfrLBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA222%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22998988">Cocaine intoxication</a>». <i>Critical Care Clinics</i>, 28, 4, 10-2012, pàg. 517–526. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1557-8232">1557-8232</a>. 10.1016/j.ccc.2012.07.00322998988.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23978563">Experimental treatments for cocaine toxicity: a difficult transition to the bedside</a>». <i>The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics</i>, 347, 2, 11-2013, pàg. 251–257. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1521-0103">1521-0103</a>. 10.1124/jpet.113.20638323978563.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16848922">Cocaine: what role does it have in current ENT practice? A review of the current literature</a>». <i>The Journal of Laryngology and Otology</i>, 120, 10, 10-2006, pàg. 808–811. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1748-5460">1748-5460</a>. 10.1017/S002221510600145916848922.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25066468">Cocaine use and risk of stroke: a systematic review</a>». <i>Drug and Alcohol Dependence</i>, 142, 9-2014, pàg. 1–13. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1879-0046">1879-0046</a>. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.04125066468.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0011502908001363">Cocaine: History, Social Implications, and Toxicity—A Review</a>». <i>Disease-a-Month</i>, 55, 1,  , pàg. 6–38. 10.1016/j.disamonth.2008.10.002.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=53541285011">Cocaina</a>». <i>Acta Bioquímica Clínica Latinoamericana</i>, 49, 1, 2015, pàg. 127-134. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0325-2957">0325-2957</a> [Consulta: 15 abril 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ane-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ane_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/cons/cocaine-hydrochloride-topical.html">Cocaine (Topical route)</a>». <i>drugs.com</i>. [Consulta: 14 enero 2015].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897082">Cocaine-induced breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and neurotoxicity</a>». <i>International Review of Neurobiology</i>, 88, 2009, pàg. 297–334. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0074-7742">0074-7742</a>. 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)88011-219897082.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">MD</span>, Steven B. Karch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=G9E7gfJq0KkC&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse, Fourth Edition</i></a>.  CRC Press.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karch%27s+Pathology+of+Drug+Abuse%2C+Fourth+Edition&rft.aulast=MD&rft.aufirst=Steven+B.+Karch&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG9E7gfJq0KkC%26pg%3DPA70%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dle.rae.es/coca%C3%ADna?m=form">cocaína</a>». <i>RAE</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Naciones Unidas (ONU). «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2014/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf">Narcotic Drugs 2014. Previsiones de las necesidades mundiales para 2015. Estadísticas de 2013.</a>» (en inglés), 2015. [Consulta: 4 octubre 2016].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23727012">[Cocaine addiction: current data for the clinician</a>]». <i>Presse Médicale (Paris, France: 1983)</i>, 43, 1, 1 enero 2014, pàg. 9–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0755-4982">0755-4982</a>. 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.01.06923727012.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22225673">How well do international drug conventions protect public health?</a>». <i>Lancet (London, England)</i>, 379, 9810, 7 enero 2012, pàg. 84–91. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1474-547X">1474-547X</a>. 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61423-222225673.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25530442">Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013</a>». <i>Lancet (London, England)</i>, 385, 9963, 10-2015, pàg. 117–171. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1474-547X">1474-547X</a>. 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-225530442.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673611614232">How well do international drug conventions protect public health?</a>». <i>The Lancet</i>, 379, 9810,  , pàg. 84–91. 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61423-2.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Usó Arnal, JC</span> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915205609/http://perso.wanadoo.es/jcuso/drogas-medicamentos/coca-cocaina-mariani.htm">Vino de Coca Mariani</a>» (en castellà). <i>A: Mundo Antiprohibicionist@</i>, 2011; Maig 19 (rev), pàgs: 2. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perso.wanadoo.es/jcuso/drogas-medicamentos/coca-cocaina-mariani.htm">original</a> el 15 de setembre 2017 [Consulta: 7 setembre 2018].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915205609/http://perso.wanadoo.es/jcuso/drogas-medicamentos/coca-cocaina-mariani.htm">Arxivat</a> 15 de setembre 2017 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFreyeLevy2009;_Set_21"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Freye</span>, Enno; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Levy</span>, Joseph V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=OTAlolM3XlwC&pg=PA16&dq=coca+cola+cocaine&hl=ca&ei=RPSQTdO5G8PssgbdkKyZCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=coca%20cola%20cocaine&f=false"><i>Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs: A comprehensive review on their mode of action, treatment of abuse and intoxication</i></a> (en anglès), 2009; Set 21, p. 17. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9048124476" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9048124476">ISBN 9048124476</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pharmacology+and+Abuse+of+Cocaine%2C+Amphetamines%2C+Ecstasy+and+Related+Designer+Drugs%3A+A+comprehensive+review+on+their+mode+of+action%2C+treatment+of+abuse+and+intoxication&rft.aulast=Freye&rft.aufirst=Enno&rft.date=2009%3B+Set+21&rft.pages=p.+17&rft.isbn=9048124476&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOTAlolM3XlwC%26pg%3DPA16%26dq%3Dcoca%2Bcola%2Bcocaine%26hl%3Dca%26ei%3DRPSQTdO5G8PssgbdkKyZCg%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D10%26ved%3D0CFQQ6AEwCQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dcoca%2520cola%2520cocaine%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sixty-Third Congress of the United States</span> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/e1910/harrisonact.htm">Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, 1914; Des 17</a>» (en anglès). <i>Schaffer Library of Drug Policy</i>, 2006 (rev), pàgs: 3 [Consulta: 7 setembre 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tsuchiya, H</span> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/8/1369/htm">Anesthetic Agents of Plant Origin: A Review of Phytochemicals with Anesthetic Activity</a>» (en anglès). <i>Molècules</i>, 2017 Ag 18; 22 (8), pii: E1369. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules22081369">10.3390/molecules22081369</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1420-3049">1420-3049</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28820497?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:28820497">28820497</a> [Consulta: 7 setembre 2018].</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRichardsLaurin2017_Abr_22;_NBK430769_(rev),_pàgs:_3"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Richards</span>, John R.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Laurin</span>, Erik G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430769/"><i>Cocaine</i></a> (en anglès).  StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing LLC, 2017 Abr 22; NBK430769 (rev), pàgs: 3 [Consulta: 7 setembre 2018].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cocaine&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.date=2017+Abr+22%3B+NBK430769+%28rev%29%2C+p%C3%A0gs%3A+3&rft.pub=StatPearls+%5BInternet%5D.+StatPearls+Publishing+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK430769%2F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGonzález_LlonaTumuluruGonzález-TorresGaviria2015_Jul-Set;_35_(127),_pp:_555-571"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">González Llona</span>, Irantzu; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tumuluru</span>, Sumant; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">González-Torres</span>, Miguel Ángel; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gaviria</span>, Moisés. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/neuropsiq/v35n127/original7.pdf"><i>Cocaína: una revisión de la adicción y el tratamiento</i></a> (en castellà).  Rev Asoc Esp Neuropsiq, 2015 Jul-Set; 35 (127), pp: 555-571. <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0211-57352015000300008">10.4321/S0211-57352015000300008</a></span> [Consulta: 7 setembre 2018].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coca%C3%ADna%3A+una+revisi%C3%B3n+de+la+adicci%C3%B3n+y+el+tratamiento&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Llona&rft.aufirst=Irantzu&rft.date=2015+Jul-Set%3B+35+%28127%29%2C+pp%3A+555-571&rft.pub=Rev+Asoc+Esp+Neuropsiq&rft_id=info:doi/10.4321%2FS0211-57352015000300008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscielo.isciii.es%2Fpdf%2Fneuropsiq%2Fv35n127%2Foriginal7.pdf"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cocaine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cocaine">Cocaïna</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX526370">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11967516j">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4128249-8">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85027558">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575600">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Txeca">NKC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121701&CON_LNG=ENG">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cocaïna&oldid=34262242">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cocaïna&oldid=34262242</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Alcaloides" title="Categoria:Alcaloides">Alcaloides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Estimulants_del_sistema_nervi%C3%B3s_central" title="Categoria:Estimulants del sistema nerviós central">Estimulants del sistema nerviós central</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Anest%C3%A8sics" title="Categoria:Anestèsics">Anestèsics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:%C3%88sters_de_benzoat" title="Categoria:Èsters de benzoat">Èsters de benzoat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:%C3%88sters_de_carboxilats" title="Categoria:Èsters de carboxilats">Èsters de carboxilats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:%C3%88sters_met%C3%ADlics" title="Categoria:Èsters metílics">Èsters metílics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Metab%C3%B2lits_secundaris" title="Categoria:Metabòlits secundaris">Metabòlits secundaris</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categories ocultes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Articles_amb_la_plantilla_Webarchive_amb_enlla%C3%A7_wayback" title="Categoria:Articles amb la plantilla Webarchive amb enllaç wayback">Articles amb la plantilla Webarchive amb enllaç wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_etiquetes_de_Wikidata_sense_traducci%C3%B3" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb etiquetes de Wikidata sense traducció">Pàgines amb etiquetes de Wikidata sense traducció</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_enlla%C3%A7_commonscat_des_de_Wikidata" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata">Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Control_d%27autoritats" title="Categoria:Control d'autoritats">Control d'autoritats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 19 nov 2024 a les 21:44.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. Vegeu les <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/ca">Condicions d'ús</a>. Wikipedia® (Viquipèdia™) és una <a href="/wiki/Marca_comercial" title="Marca comercial">marca registrada</a> de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc</a>.<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Política de privadesa</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Quant_a_la_Viquip%C3%A8dia">Quant al projecte Viquipèdia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Av%C3%ADs_d%27exempci%C3%B3_de_responsabilitat">Descàrrec de responsabilitat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Codi de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desenvolupadors</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ca.wikipedia.org">Estadístiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaració de cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ca.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coca%C3%AFna&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versió per a mòbils</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-rxhkv","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.695","walltime":"1.022","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11112,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":111514,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":25301,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":22801,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":4,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 836.248 1 -total"," 57.83% 483.638 1 Plantilla:Infotaula_fàrmac"," 49.34% 412.598 1 Plantilla:Infobox"," 25.11% 209.982 1 Plantilla:Referències"," 15.82% 132.292 18 Plantilla:If_empty"," 9.11% 76.195 13 Plantilla:Cita_publicación"," 8.35% 69.786 13 Plantilla:Citar_publicació"," 8.15% 68.131 1 Plantilla:Commonscat"," 7.67% 64.124 6 Plantilla:Ref-llibre"," 7.54% 63.014 1 Plantilla:Infobox_drug/ATC"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.296","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6234578,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-d5bd9","timestamp":"20241129100516","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Coca\u00efna","url":"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coca%C3%AFna","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q41576","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q41576","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-03-10T16:24:16Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T20:44:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c1\/Amapolaa_en_polvo_%28cocaina%29.jpg","headline":"compost qu\u00edmic"}</script> </body> </html>