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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegación </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visitar a páxina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_da_comunidade" title="Información acerca do proxecto, do que pode facer e dos lugares onde atopar as cousas"><span>Portal da comunidade</span></a></li><li id="n-A-Taberna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:A_Taberna"><span>A Taberna</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Actualidade" title="Información acerca de acontecementos de actualidade"><span>Actualidade</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Cambios_recentes" title="A lista de modificacións recentes no wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Cambios recentes</span></a></li><li id="n-Artigos-de-calidade" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artigos_de_calidade"><span>Artigos de calidade</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Ao_chou" title="Cargar unha páxina ao chou [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Páxina ao chou</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Axuda" title="O lugar para informarse"><span>Axuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container 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mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Cambia a aparencia do tamaño da fonte, o ancho e a cor da páxina" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparencia" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparencia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_gl.wikipedia.org&uselang=gl" class=""><span>Doazóns</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_unha_conta&returnto=Clatrato" title="É recomendable que cree unha conta e acceda ao sistema, se ben non é obrigatorio" class=""><span>Crear unha conta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Iniciar_sesi%C3%B3n&returnto=Clatrato" title="É recomendable que se rexistre, se ben non é obrigatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Acceder ao sistema</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Máis opcións" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas persoais" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas persoais</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú de usuario" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_gl.wikipedia.org&uselang=gl"><span>Doazóns</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_unha_conta&returnto=Clatrato" title="É recomendable que cree unha conta e acceda ao sistema, se ben non é obrigatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear unha conta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Iniciar_sesi%C3%B3n&returnto=Clatrato" title="É recomendable que se rexistre, se ben non é obrigatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Acceder ao sistema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páxinas para os editores sen a sesión iniciada <a href="/wiki/Axuda:Introduci%C3%B3n" aria-label="Máis información sobre a edición"><span>máis información</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:As_mi%C3%B1as_contribuci%C3%B3ns" title="Unha lista das modificacións feitas desde este enderezo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucións</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:A_mi%C3%B1a_conversa" title="Conversa acerca de edicións feitas desde este enderezo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Características" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Características"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Características</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Características-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materiais_relacionados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materiais_relacionados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Materiais relacionados</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materiais_relacionados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outros_artigos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_artigos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Outros artigos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_artigos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Clatrato</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 27 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8_%D9%82%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A" title="مركب قفصي – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مركب قفصي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clatrat" title="Clatrat – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Clatrat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatr%C3%A1t" title="Klatrát – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klatrát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatrat" title="Klatrat – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klatrat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate" title="Clathrate – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Clathrate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_compound" title="Clathrate compound – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Clathrate compound" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clatrato" title="Clatrato – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clatrato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatrato" title="Klatrato – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klatrato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کلاترات – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلاترات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatraatti" title="Klatraatti – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Klatraatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate" title="Clathrate – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clathrate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clatr%C3%A1it" title="Clatráit – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Clatráit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatr%C3%A1tok" title="Klatrátok – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Klatrátok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_klatrat" title="Senyawa klatrat – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senyawa klatrat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clatrato" title="Clatrato – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clatrato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="クラスレート – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クラスレート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%99%94%ED%95%A9%EB%AC%BC" title="클라스레이트 화합물 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="클라스레이트 화합물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatrat" title="Klatrat – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klatrat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clatrato" title="Clatrato – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clatrato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clatrat" title="Clatrat – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clatrat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Клатраты – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клатраты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatrat" title="Klatrat – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klatrat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Клатрат – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клатрат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatrat" title="Klatrat – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klatrat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafes_bile%C5%9Fik" title="Kafes bileşik – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kafes bileşik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Сполуки включення – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сполуки включення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%BC%E5%BD%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="笼形复合物 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="笼形复合物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q781204#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Clatrato" title="Ver o contido da páxina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Conversa:Clatrato" rel="discussion" title="Conversa acerca do contido desta páxina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a variante de lingua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">galego</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Clatrato"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=edit" title="Editar o código fonte desta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar a fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=history" title="Versións anteriores desta páxina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver o historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Máis opcións" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accións </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Clatrato"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=edit" title="Editar o código fonte desta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar a fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=history"><span>Ver o historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Xeral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1xinas_que_ligan_con_esta/Clatrato" title="Lista de todas as páxinas do wiki que ligan cara a aquí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páxinas que ligan con esta</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Cambios_relacionados/Clatrato" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recentes nas páxinas ligadas desde esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios relacionados</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1xinas_especiais" title="Lista de todas as páxinas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxinas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&oldid=6642521" title="Ligazón permanente a esta versión desta páxina"><span>Ligazón permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=info" title="Máis información sobre esta páxina"><span>Información da páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Cita&page=Clatrato&id=6642521&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre como citar esta páxina"><span>Citar esta páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FClatrato"><span>Xerar URL acurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FClatrato"><span>Descargar o código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Clatrato"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Clatrato&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&printable=yes" title="Versión para imprimir da páxina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros proxectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Clathrates" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q781204" title="Ligazón ao elemento conectado no repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance 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Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><p>Os <b>clatratos</b> ou <b>compostos de clatrato</b> son substancias químicas que consisten nun retículo que atrapa ou contén moléculas. A palabra <i>clatrato</i> deriva do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latín</a> <i>clatratus</i>, que significa <i>con barras ou un retículo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Tradicionalmente, os compostos de clatratos son poliméricos e envolven completamente á molécula que hospedan, pero no uso moderno do termo os clatratos tamén inclúen <b>complexos hospedador-hospedado</b> e <b>compostos de inclusión</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Segundo a <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>, os clatratos son "compostos de inclusión nos cales a molécula hospedada está nunha gaiola formada pola molécula hospedadora ou por un retículo de moléculas hospedadoras."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Urea%261,6-C6Cl2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Urea%261%2C6-C6Cl2.png/360px-Urea%261%2C6-C6Cl2.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Urea%261%2C6-C6Cl2.png 1.5x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Estrutura do complexo de inclusión 3:1 de <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a> e 1,6-diclorohexano. A rede está composta de moléculas de urea que están ligadas por <a href="/wiki/Enlace_de_hidr%C3%B3xeno" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlace de hidróxeno">enlaces de hidróxeno</a>, que deixan canais aproximadamente hexagonais nos cales se alinean as moléculas do clorocarburo. Esquema en cor: oxíxeno en vermello, nitróxeno en azul, cloro en verde.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Os clatratos son compostos non <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estequiometr%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estequiometría (a páxina aínda non existe)">estequiométricos</a> nos cales moléculas de tamaño conveniente (de 2 a 9 <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngstrom" title="Ángstrom">ángstrom</a>) son capturadas nas cavidades que aparecen na estrutura doutro composto. A auga conxelada pode crear celas con capacidade para conter moléculas de gas, enlazadas mediante <a href="/wiki/Enlace_de_hidr%C3%B3xeno" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlace de hidróxeno">enlaces de hidróxeno</a>. Numerosos gases de baixo peso molecular (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">N<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">CO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">CH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></span>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>S</span>, <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cripton" title="Cripton">cripton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a>...) forman clatratos en certas condicións de presión e temperatura. Estas celas son inestables se están baleiras, colapsándose para formar <a href="/wiki/Xeo" title="Xeo">xeo</a> convencional. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Características"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas"></span>Características</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Características»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Características"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tradicionalmente co termo compostos de clatraos faise referencia a hospedadores <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polim%C3%A9rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polimérico (a páxina aínda non existe)">poliméricos</a> que conteñen moléculas hospedadas. Máis recentemente, o termo refírese a moitos hospedadores moleculares, como os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calixareno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calixareno (a páxina aínda non existe)">calixarenos</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclodextrina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclodextrina (a páxina aínda non existe)">ciclodextrinas</a> e mesmo a algúns polímeros inorgánicos como as <a href="/wiki/Ceolita" title="Ceolita">ceolitas</a>. Recentemente describiuse no Xapón o mineral natural clatrato de sílice chamado <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiba%C3%ADta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chibaíta (a páxina aínda non existe)">chibaíta</a>. </p><p>Moitos clatratos derivan de armazóns orgánicos unidos por enlaces de hidróxenos. Estes armazóns prepáranse a partir de moléculas que se "autoasocian" por medio de múltiples interaccións de <a href="/wiki/Enlace_de_hidr%C3%B3xeno" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlace de hidróxeno">enlaces de hidróxeno</a>. Os clatratos máis famosos son os <a href="/wiki/Clatrato_de_metano" title="Clatrato de metano">clatratos de metano</a>, nos cales ao armazón de enlaces de hidróxeno contribúe a auga, e as moléculas hospedadas son de <a href="/wiki/Metano" title="Metano">metano</a>. Grandes cantidades de metano conxélanse nesta forma por causas naturais nas formacións de <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a> e baixo o leito oceánico.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Outras redes de enlaces de hidróxeno derivan da <a href="/wiki/Hidroquinona" title="Hidroquinona">hidroquinona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a>, e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiourea (a páxina aínda non existe)">tiourea</a>. Unha molécula hospedadora moi estudada é o <a href="/wiki/Composto_de_Dianin" title="Composto de Dianin">composto de Dianin</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Beta-cyclodextrin3D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Beta-cyclodextrin3D.png/170px-Beta-cyclodextrin3D.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Beta-cyclodextrin3D.png/255px-Beta-cyclodextrin3D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Beta-cyclodextrin3D.png/340px-Beta-cyclodextrin3D.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Modelo de recheo de espazos da β-ciclodextrina, un hospedador que forma complexos de clatratos ao inserir a molécula hospedada no "burato de donut."</figcaption></figure> <p>Os compostos de Hofmann son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol%C3%ADmero_de_coordinaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polímero de coordinación (a páxina aínda non existe)">polímeros de coordinación</a> coa fórmula Ni(CN)<sub>4</sub>Ni(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Estes materiais cristalizan con pequenas moléculas hospedadas <a href="/wiki/Aromaticidade" title="Aromaticidade">aromáticas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Benceno" title="Benceno">benceno</a>, certos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xileno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xileno (a páxina aínda non existe)">xilenos</a>), e esta selectividade foi explotada comercialmente para a separación destes <a href="/wiki/Hidrocarburo" title="Hidrocarburo">hidrocarburos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armaz%C3%B3n_org%C3%A1nica_met%C3%A1lica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armazón orgánica metálica (a páxina aínda non existe)">armazóns orgánicas metálicas</a> (MOF) forman clatratos. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:IRMOF-1_wiki.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/IRMOF-1_wiki.png/220px-IRMOF-1_wiki.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/IRMOF-1_wiki.png/330px-IRMOF-1_wiki.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/IRMOF-1_wiki.png/440px-IRMOF-1_wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>Exemplo de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armaz%C3%B3n_org%C3%A1nica_met%C3%A1lica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armazón orgánica metálica (a páxina aínda non existe)">MOF-5</a>, na que a cavidade para a molécula hospedada está indicada pola esfera amarela.</figcaption></figure> <p>Os compostos gaiola fotoliticamente sensibles estudáronae como contedores para a liberación de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1rmaco" title="Fármaco">fármacos</a> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactivo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactivo (a páxina aínda non existe)">reactivos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os hidratos de clatratos descubriunos en <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Humphry_Davy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Humphry Davy (a páxina aínda non existe)">Humphry Davy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Os clatratos foron estudados por P. Pfeiffer en 1927, e en 1930 <a href="/w/index.php?title=E._Hertel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. Hertel (a páxina aínda non existe)">E. Hertel</a> definiu os "compostos moleculares" como substancias descompostas en compoñentes individuais que seguían a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_acci%C3%B3n_de_masas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei de acción de masas (a páxina aínda non existe)">lei de acción de masas</a> en solución ou estado gasoso. En 1945, H. M. Powell analizou a estrutura cristalina destes compostos e denominounos <i>clatratos</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materiais_relacionados">Materiais relacionados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Materiais relacionados»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Materiais relacionados"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Composto_de_inclusi%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Composto de inclusión (a páxina aínda non existe)">compostos de inclusión</a> adoitan ser moléculas, mentres que os clatratos son tipicamente <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polim%C3%A9rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polimérico (a páxina aínda non existe)">poliméricos</a>. Os compostos de <a href="/wiki/Intercalaci%C3%B3n_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Intercalación (química)">intercalación</a> non son tridimensionais, a diferenza dos clatratos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414202654/http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/WORDS.EXE?clathrate">"Latin dictionary"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/WORDS.EXE?clathrate">o orixinal</a> o 14 de abril de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 04 de novembro de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AClatrato&rft.btitle=Latin+dictionary&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flysy2.archives.nd.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FWORDS.EXE%3Fclathrate&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ullmann-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">J. L. Atwood "Inclusion Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/">10.1002/14356007.a14_119 10.1002/14356007.a14_119</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01097.html">http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01097.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hollingsworth, U.Werner-Zwanziger; Brown, J.D.Chaney; Huffman, K.D.M.Harris (1999). "Spring-Loading at the Molecular Level: Relaxation of Guest-Induced Strain in Channel Inclusion Compounds". <i>J. Am. Chem. Soc</i> <b>121</b>: 9732. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja9919534">10.1021/ja9919534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AClatrato&rft.atitle=Spring-Loading+at+the+Molecular+Level%3A++Relaxation+of+Guest-Induced+Strain+in+Channel+Inclusion+Compounds&rft.au=Brown%2C+J.D.Chaney&rft.au=Huffman%2C+K.D.M.Harris&rft.aufirst=U.Werner-Zwanziger&rft.aulast=Hollingsworth&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Am.+Chem.+Soc&rft.pages=9732&rft.volume=121&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja9919534&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pearce, Fred (27 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/search?doSearch=true&query=clathrates">"Ice on fire: The next fossil fuel"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>. pp. 30–33<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2009-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AClatrato&rft.atitle=Ice+on+fire%3A+The+next+fossil+fuel&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.aulast=Pearce&rft.date=2009-06-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.pages=30-33&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Fsearch%3FdoSearch%3Dtrue%26query%3Dclathrates&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ellis-Davies, Graham C. R. (July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v4/n8/full/nmeth1072.html">"Caged compounds: photorelease technology for control of cellular chemistry and physiology"</a>. <i>Nature Methods</i> <b>4</b> (8): 619–28. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17664946">17664946</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnmeth1072">10.1038/nmeth1072</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AClatrato&rft.atitle=Caged+compounds%3A+photorelease+technology+for+control+of+cellular+chemistry+and+physiology&rft.aufirst=Graham+C.+R.&rft.aulast=Ellis-Davies&rft.date=2007-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Nature+Methods&rft.pages=619-28&rft.volume=4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnmeth%2Fjournal%2Fv4%2Fn8%2Ffull%2Fnmeth1072.html&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnmeth1072&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17664946&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ellen Thomas (November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethomas.web.wesleyan.edu/ees123/clathrate.htm">"Clathrates: little known components of the global carbon cycle"</a>. Wesleyan University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AClatrato&rft.au=Ellen+Thomas&rft.btitle=Clathrates%3A+little+known+components+of+the+global+carbon+cycle&rft.date=2004-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethomas.web.wesleyan.edu%2Fees123%2Fclathrate.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_artigos">Outros artigos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Outros artigos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Outros artigos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidrato_de_gas" title="Hidrato de gas">Clatrato de gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clatrato_de_metano" title="Clatrato de metano">Clatrato de metano</a></li></ul> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia sobre:  <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Clathrates" class="extiw" title="commons:Clathrates">Clatrato</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781204" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q781204">Q781204</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclopedia_Rusa" title="Grande Enciclopedia Rusa">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2623215">2623215</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/clathrate">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">GEC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0091043.xml">0091043</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4134530-7">4134530-7</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.jstor.org/topic/clathrates">clathrates</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85026824">sh85026824</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MAG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/2779311539">2779311539</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:39024">39024</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Traído desde «<a dir="ltr" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&oldid=6642521">https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clatrato&oldid=6642521</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categoría</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Clatratos" title="Categoría:Clatratos">Clatratos</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> A última edición desta páxina foi o 8 de febreiro de 2024 ás 17:34.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Todo o texto está dispoñible baixo a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">licenza Creative Commons recoñecemento compartir igual 4.0</a>; 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