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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Jeremiah 34:18 And those who have transgressed My covenant and have not fulfilled the terms of the covenant they made before Me, I will treat like the calf they cut in two in order to pass between its pieces.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/jeremiah/34-18.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/2/24_Jer_34_18.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Jeremiah 34:18 - Freedom for Hebrew Slaves" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="And those who have transgressed My covenant and have not fulfilled the 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align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad18.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/jeremiah/34-17.htm" title="Jeremiah 34:17">◄</a> Jeremiah 34:18 <a href="/jeremiah/34-19.htm" title="Jeremiah 34:19">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/jeremiah/34.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/jeremiah/34.htm">New International Version</a> Those who have violated my covenant and have not fulfilled the terms of the covenant they made before me, I will treat like the calf they cut in two and then walked between its pieces. <a href="/nlt/jeremiah/34.htm">New Living Translation</a> Because you have broken the terms of our covenant, I will cut you apart just as you cut apart the calf when you walked between its halves to solemnize your vows. <a href="/esv/jeremiah/34.htm">English Standard Version</a> And the men who transgressed my covenant and did not keep the terms of the covenant that they made before me, I will make them like the calf that they cut in two and passed between its parts— <a href="/bsb/jeremiah/34.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> And those who have transgressed My covenant and have not fulfilled the terms of the covenant they made before Me, I will treat like the calf they cut in two in order to pass between its pieces. <a href="/kjv/jeremiah/34.htm">King James Bible</a> And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, which have not performed the words of the covenant which they had made before me, when they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the parts thereof, <a href="/nkjv/jeremiah/34.htm">New King James Version</a> And I will give the men who have transgressed My covenant, who have not performed the words of the covenant which they made before Me, when they cut the calf in two and passed between the parts of it— <a href="/nasb_/jeremiah/34.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> I will give the people who have violated My covenant, who have not fulfilled the words of the covenant which they made before Me, when they cut the calf in two and passed between its parts— <a href="/nasb/jeremiah/34.htm">NASB 1995</a> I will give the men who have transgressed My covenant, who have not fulfilled the words of the covenant which they made before Me, when they cut the calf in two and passed between its parts— <a href="/nasb77/jeremiah/34.htm">NASB 1977 </a> ‘And I will give the men who have transgressed My covenant, who have not fulfilled the words of the covenant which they made before Me, when they cut the calf in two and passed between its parts— <a href="/lsb/jeremiah/34.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> And I will give the men who have trespassed against My covenant, who have not established the words of the covenant which they cut before Me, when they cut the calf in two and passed between its parts— <a href="/amp/jeremiah/34.htm">Amplified Bible</a> The men who have violated My covenant, who have not kept the terms of the solemn pledge which they made before Me when they split the [sacrificial] calf in half, and then afterwards walked between its separated pieces [sealing their pledge to Me by placing a curse on themselves should they violate the covenant—those men I will make like the calf]! <a href="/csb/jeremiah/34.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> As for those who disobeyed my covenant, not keeping the terms of the covenant they made before me, I will treat them like the calf they cut in two in order to pass between its pieces. <a href="/hcsb/jeremiah/34.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> As for those who disobeyed My covenant, not keeping the terms of the covenant they made before Me, I will treat them like the calf they cut in two in order to pass between its pieces. <a href="/asv/jeremiah/34.htm">American Standard Version</a> And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, that have not performed the words of the covenant which they made before me, when they cut the calf in twain and passed between the parts thereof; <a href="/cev/jeremiah/34.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> You asked me to be a witness when you made the agreement to set your slaves free. And as part of the ceremony you cut a calf into two parts, then walked between the parts. But you people of Jerusalem have broken that agreement as well as my agreement with Israel. So I will do to you what you did to that calf. <a href="/erv/jeremiah/34.htm">English Revised Version</a> And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, which have not performed the words of the covenant which they made before me, when they cut the calf in twain and passed between the parts thereof; <a href="/gwt/jeremiah/34.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> I will hand over the people who have rejected my promise. They have not kept the terms of the promise which they made in my presence when they cut a calf in two and passed between its pieces. <a href="/isv/jeremiah/34.htm">International Standard Version</a> I'll give over the men who transgressed my covenant, who haven't fulfilled the terms of the covenant that they made before me when they cut the calf in two and passed between its parts— <a href="/msb/jeremiah/34.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> And those who have transgressed My covenant and have not fulfilled the terms of the covenant they made before Me, I will treat like the calf they cut in two in order to pass between its pieces. <a href="/net/jeremiah/34.htm">NET Bible</a> I will punish those people who have violated their covenant with me. I will make them like the calf they cut in two and passed between its pieces. I will do so because they did not keep the terms of the covenant they made in my presence. <a href="/nheb/jeremiah/34.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> I will give the men who have transgressed my covenant, who have not performed the words of the covenant which they made before me, when they cut the calf in two and passed between its parts; <a href="/wbt/jeremiah/34.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, who have not performed the words of the covenant which they had made before me, when they cut the calf in two, and passed between the parts of it, <a href="/web/jeremiah/34.htm">World English Bible</a> I will give the men who have transgressed my covenant, who have not performed the words of the covenant which they made before me when they cut the calf in two and passed between its parts: <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/jeremiah/34.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And I have given the men who are transgressing My covenant, who have not established the words of the covenant that they have made before Me, by the calf, that they have cut in two, and pass through between its pieces— <a href="/ylt/jeremiah/34.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> 'And I have given the men who are transgressing My covenant, who have not established the words of the covenant that they have made before Me, by the calf, that they have cut in two, and pass through between its pieces -- <a href="/slt/jeremiah/34.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And I gave the men passing by my covenant who raised not up the words of the covenant which they cut out before me, the calf which they cut in two, and they will pass through between its parts.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/jeremiah/34.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, and have not performed the words of the covenant which they agreed to in my presence, when they cut the calf in two and passed between the parts thereof: <a href="/cpdv/jeremiah/34.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> And I will give over the men who have betrayed my covenant, and who have not observed the words of the covenant, to which they assented in my sight when they cut the calf into two parts and passed between its parts: <a href="/nabre/jeremiah/34.htm">New American Bible</a> Those who violated my covenant and did not observe the terms of the covenant they made in my presence—I will make them like the calf which they cut in two so they could pass between its parts— <a href="/nrsvce/jeremiah/34.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> And those who transgressed my covenant and did not keep the terms of the covenant that they made before me, I will make like the calf when they cut it in two and passed between its parts:<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/jeremiah/34.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> And I will deliver up the men who have transgressed my covenant, who have not confirmed the words of the covenant which they had made before me, when they cut the calf in two and passed between the parts thereof, <a href="/hpbt/jeremiah/34.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And I shall give to the men who violated against my covenant, for they did not confirm my words of the covenant, for they set up before me a calf that they cut into two, and they passed between its halves<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/jeremiah/34.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> And I will give the men that have transgressed My covenant, that have not performed the words of the covenant which they made before Me, when they cut the calf in twain and passed between the parts thereof; <a href="/sep/jeremiah/34.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, who have not kept my covenant, which they made before me, the calf which they prepared to sacrifice with it, <a href="/parallel/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5k55c51ZGhs?start=10769" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/jeremiah/34.htm">Freedom for Hebrew Slaves</a> …17Therefore this is what the LORD says: You have not obeyed Me; you have not proclaimed freedom, each man for his brother and for his neighbor. So now I proclaim freedom for you, declares the LORD—freedom to fall by sword, by plague, and by famine! I will make you a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth. 18<a href="/hebrew/5674.htm" title="5674: hā·‘ō·ḇə·rîm (Art:: V-Qal-Prtcpl-mp) -- To pass over, through, or by, pass on. A primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition; specifically, to cover.">And those who have transgressed</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1285.htm" title="1285: bə·ri·ṯî (N-fsc:: 1cs) -- A covenant. From barah (like bara'); a compact.">My covenant</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3808.htm" title="3808: lō- (Adv-NegPrt) -- Not. Or lowi; or loh; a primitive particle; not; by implication, no; often used with other particles.">and have not</a> <a href="/hebrew/6965.htm" title="6965: hê·qî·mū (V-Hifil-Perf-3cp) -- To arise, stand up, stand. A primitive root; to rise.">fulfilled</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1697.htm" title="1697: diḇ·rê (N-mpc) -- Speech, word. From dabar; a word; by implication, a matter or thing; adverbially, a cause.">the terms</a> <a href="/hebrew/1285.htm" title="1285: hab·bə·rîṯ (Art:: N-fs) -- A covenant. From barah (like bara'); a compact.">of the covenant</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3772.htm" title="3772: kā·rə·ṯū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- To cut off, cut down. A primitive root; to cut; by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant.">they made</a> <a href="/hebrew/6440.htm" title="6440: lə·p̄ā·nāy (Prep-l:: N-mpc:: 1cs) -- Face, faces. Plural of an unused noun; the face; used in a great variety of applications; also as a preposition.">before Me,</a> <a href="/hebrew/5414.htm" title="5414: wə·nā·ṯat·tî (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConjPerf-1cs) -- To give, put, set. A primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application.">I will treat</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/582.htm" title="582: hā·’ă·nā·šîm (Art:: N-mp) -- Man, mankind. From 'anash; properly, a mortal; hence, a man in general."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5695.htm" title="5695: hā·‘ê·ḡel (Art:: N-ms) -- A calf. From the same as agol; a calf, especially one nearly grown.">like the calf</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3772.htm" title="3772: kā·rə·ṯū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- To cut off, cut down. A primitive root; to cut; by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant.">they cut</a> <a href="/hebrew/8147.htm" title="8147: liš·na·yim (Prep-l:: Number-md) -- Two (a card. number). Dual of sheniy; feminine shttayim; two; also twofold.">in two</a> <a href="/hebrew/5674.htm" title="5674: way·ya·‘aḇ·rū (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp) -- To pass over, through, or by, pass on. A primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition; specifically, to cover.">in order to pass</a> <a href="/hebrew/996.htm" title="996: bên (Prep) -- An interval, space between. ">between</a> <a href="/hebrew/1335.htm" title="1335: bə·ṯā·rāw (N-mpc:: 3ms) -- A part, piece. From bathar; a section.">its pieces.</a> 19The officials of Judah and Jerusalem, the court officials, the priests, and all the people of the land who passed between the pieces of the calf,…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/genesis/15-9.htm">Genesis 15:9-18</a> And the LORD said to him, “Bring Me a heifer, a goat, and a ram, each three years old, along with a turtledove and a young pigeon.” / So Abram brought all these to Him, split each of them down the middle, and laid the halves opposite each other. The birds, however, he did not cut in half. / And the birds of prey descended on the carcasses, but Abram drove them away. ... <a href="/exodus/24-6.htm">Exodus 24:6-8</a> Moses took half of the blood and put it in bowls, and the other half he splattered on the altar. / Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read it to the people, who replied, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient.” / So Moses took the blood, splattered it on the people, and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these words.” <a href="/deuteronomy/29-12.htm">Deuteronomy 29:12-15</a> so that you may enter into the covenant of the LORD your God, which He is making with you today, and into His oath, / and so that He may establish you today as His people, and He may be your God as He promised you and as He swore to your fathers, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. / I am making this covenant and this oath not only with you, ... <a href="/2_kings/23-3.htm">2 Kings 23:3</a> So the king stood by the pillar and made a covenant before the LORD to follow the LORD and to keep His commandments, decrees, and statutes with all his heart and all his soul, and to carry out the words of the covenant that were written in this book. And all the people entered into the covenant. <a href="/nehemiah/9-38.htm">Nehemiah 9:38</a> In view of all this, we make a binding agreement, putting it in writing and sealing it with the names of our leaders, Levites, and priests.” <a href="/psalms/50-5.htm">Psalm 50:5</a> “Gather to Me My saints, who made a covenant with Me by sacrifice.” <a href="/isaiah/24-5.htm">Isaiah 24:5</a> The earth is defiled by its people; they have transgressed the laws; they have overstepped the decrees and broken the everlasting covenant. <a href="/isaiah/55-3.htm">Isaiah 55:3</a> Incline your ear and come to Me; listen, so that your soul may live. I will make with you an everlasting covenant—My loving devotion promised to David. <a href="/ezekiel/17-13.htm">Ezekiel 17:13-19</a> He took a member of the royal family and made a covenant with him, putting him under oath. Then he carried away the leading men of the land, / so that the kingdom would be brought low, unable to lift itself up, surviving only by keeping his covenant. / But this king rebelled against Babylon by sending his envoys to Egypt to ask for horses and a large army. Will he flourish? Will the one who does such things escape? Can he break a covenant and yet escape?’ ... <a href="/ezekiel/20-37.htm">Ezekiel 20:37</a> I will make you pass under the rod and will bring you into the bond of the covenant. <a href="/hosea/6-7.htm">Hosea 6:7</a> But they, like Adam, have transgressed the covenant; there they were unfaithful to Me. <a href="/zechariah/11-10.htm">Zechariah 11:10</a> Next I took my staff called Favor and cut it in two, revoking the covenant I had made with all the nations. <a href="/matthew/26-28.htm">Matthew 26:28</a> This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. <a href="/mark/14-24.htm">Mark 14:24</a> He said to them, “This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many. <a href="/luke/22-20.htm">Luke 22:20</a> In the same way, after supper He took the cup, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is poured out for you.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, which have not performed the words of the covenant which they had made before me, when they cut the calf in two, and passed between the parts thereof,have transgressed.<a href="/deuteronomy/17-2.htm">Deuteronomy 17:2</a> If there be found among you, within any of thy gates which the LORD thy God giveth thee, man or woman, that hath wrought wickedness in the sight of the LORD thy God, in transgressing his covenant,<a href="/joshua/7-11.htm">Joshua 7:11</a> Israel hath sinned, and they have also transgressed my covenant which I commanded them: for they have even taken of the accursed thing, and have also stolen, and dissembled also, and they have put it even among their own stuff.<a href="/joshua/23-16.htm">Joshua 23:16</a> When ye have transgressed the covenant of the LORD your God, which he commanded you, and have gone and served other gods, and bowed yourselves to them; then shall the anger of the LORD be kindled against you, and ye shall perish quickly from off the good land which he hath given unto you.when.<a href="/deuteronomy/29-12.htm">Deuteronomy 29:12</a> That thou shouldest enter into covenant with the LORD thy God, and into his oath, which the LORD thy God maketh with thee this day:<a href="/joshua/9-7.htm">Joshua 9:7</a> And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a league with you?<a href="/genesis/15-10.htm">Genesis 15:10,17,18</a> And he took unto him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each piece one against another: but the birds divided he not… <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/jeremiah/34-13.htm">Agreement</a> <a href="/jeremiah/31-18.htm">Calf</a> <a href="/jeremiah/34-15.htm">Covenant</a> <a href="/jeremiah/33-18.htm">Cut</a> <a href="/jeremiah/33-14.htm">Effect</a> <a href="/jeremiah/33-25.htm">Established</a> <a href="/jeremiah/17-15.htm">Fulfilled</a> <a href="/jeremiah/31-33.htm">Parts</a> <a href="/jeremiah/11-15.htm">Passed</a> <a href="/jeremiah/32-20.htm">Performed</a> <a href="/jeremiah/25-34.htm">Pieces</a> <a href="/jeremiah/32-11.htm">Terms</a> <a href="/jeremiah/34-1.htm">Thereof</a> <a href="/jeremiah/33-8.htm">Transgressed</a> <a href="/isaiah/66-24.htm">Transgressing</a> <a href="/jeremiah/29-22.htm">Treat</a> <a href="/isaiah/6-2.htm">Twain</a> <a href="/jeremiah/3-2.htm">Violated</a> <a href="/jeremiah/32-23.htm">Walked</a> <a href="/jeremiah/34-6.htm">Words</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/jeremiah/50-5.htm">Agreement</a> <a href="/jeremiah/34-19.htm">Calf</a> <a href="/jeremiah/50-5.htm">Covenant</a> <a href="/jeremiah/35-19.htm">Cut</a> <a href="/jeremiah/44-29.htm">Effect</a> <a href="/jeremiah/44-29.htm">Established</a> <a href="/jeremiah/44-25.htm">Fulfilled</a> <a href="/jeremiah/34-19.htm">Parts</a> <a href="/jeremiah/34-19.htm">Passed</a> <a href="/jeremiah/35-14.htm">Performed</a> <a href="/jeremiah/34-19.htm">Pieces</a> <a href="/matthew/5-25.htm">Terms</a> <a href="/jeremiah/46-8.htm">Thereof</a> <a href="/lamentations/3-42.htm">Transgressed</a> <a href="/ezekiel/20-38.htm">Transgressing</a> <a href="/ezekiel/15-6.htm">Treat</a> <a href="/ezekiel/21-19.htm">Twain</a> <a href="/ezekiel/22-26.htm">Violated</a> <a href="/jeremiah/34-19.htm">Walked</a> <a href="/jeremiah/35-13.htm">Words</a><div class="vheading2">Jeremiah 34</div>1. <a href="/jeremiah/34-1.htm">Jeremiah prophesies the captivity of Zedekiah and the city.</a> 8. <a href="/jeremiah/34-8.htm">The princes and the people having dismissed their bond-servants, </a> 11. <a href="/jeremiah/34-11.htm">contrary to the covenant of God, re-assume them.</a> 12. <a href="/jeremiah/34-12.htm">Jeremiah gives them and Zedekiah into the hands of their enemies.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; 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In the biblical context, a covenant is a solemn agreement between God and His people, often involving promises and obligations. The covenant in question likely refers to the Mosaic Covenant, which included the Law given at Sinai. Transgression of this covenant implies a serious breach of faith and disobedience to God's commands, which is a recurring theme in the prophetic books. The prophets often called the people back to faithfulness, highlighting the consequences of their disobedience.and have not fulfilled the terms of the covenant they made before Me, The terms of the covenant were clear and involved obedience to God's laws and commands. The phrase "before Me" emphasizes the solemnity and divine witness of the covenant. In ancient Near Eastern culture, covenants were binding agreements often ratified in the presence of deities, making them sacred and inviolable. The failure to fulfill these terms indicates a deliberate choice to ignore the responsibilities and commitments made to God, which is seen as a direct affront to His authority and holiness.I will treat like the calf they cut in two This imagery refers to an ancient covenant-making ceremony where animals were cut in half, and the parties involved would walk between the pieces. This act symbolized the seriousness of the covenant, implying that breaking it would result in a fate similar to that of the slaughtered animal. This practice is seen in <a href="/genesis/15-9.htm">Genesis 15:9-10, 17</a>, where God makes a covenant with Abram. The cutting of the calf signifies the gravity of the agreement and the severe consequences of breaking it.in order to pass between its pieces. Passing between the pieces of the calf was a symbolic act of commitment and accountability. It was a way of invoking a curse upon oneself should the covenant be broken. This practice underscores the seriousness with which God views covenant fidelity. The imagery here serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of unfaithfulness and the inevitable judgment that follows. It also foreshadows the ultimate fulfillment of covenant promises through Jesus Christ, who, unlike the people of Judah, perfectly fulfilled the terms of God's covenant and bore the curse of the broken covenant on behalf of humanity.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/j/jeremiah.htm">Jeremiah</a> The prophet who conveyed God's messages to the people of Judah, warning them of the consequences of their disobedience. 2. <a href="/topical/t/the_men_of_judah.htm">The Men of Judah</a> These are the individuals who transgressed God's covenant, specifically the leaders and people who failed to uphold their promises. 3. <a href="/topical/c/covenant_ceremony.htm">Covenant Ceremony</a> A solemn agreement made before God, symbolized by cutting a calf in two and passing between its pieces, signifying the seriousness of the commitment. 4. <a href="/topical/b/babylonian_threat.htm">Babylonian Threat</a> The context of this passage is the impending Babylonian invasion, which serves as a backdrop for the urgency of the covenant renewal. 5. <a href="/topical/z/zedekiah.htm">Zedekiah</a> The king of Judah at the time, who was involved in making and breaking the covenant with God.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/t/the_seriousness_of_covenants.htm">The Seriousness of Covenants</a> Covenants are solemn agreements that require faithfulness. Breaking them has serious consequences, as seen in the historical context of Judah. <a href="/topical/s/symbolism_of_the_ritual.htm">Symbolism of the Ritual</a> The act of cutting a calf and passing between its pieces symbolizes the binding nature of the covenant and the severe consequences of breaking it. <a href="/topical/g/god's_faithfulness_vs._human_unfaithfulness.htm">God's Faithfulness vs. Human Unfaithfulness</a> While humans often fail to keep their promises, God remains faithful. This calls us to strive for faithfulness in our commitments. <a href="/topical/r/repentance_and_renewal.htm">Repentance and Renewal</a> Even when we fail, God offers opportunities for repentance and renewal. This passage calls us to examine our own faithfulness and seek God's forgiveness. <a href="/topical/t/the_new_covenant_in_christ.htm">The New Covenant in Christ</a> The old covenant rituals point to the ultimate fulfillment in Christ, who offers a new and everlasting covenant through His sacrifice.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_jeremiah_34.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Jeremiah 34</a> <a href="/q/why_no_records_of_this_covenant's_breach.htm">Jeremiah 34:18–20 – If ancient covenant rituals had such dire consequences, why is there little to no concrete historical record of this specific covenant’s breach and punishment?</a> <a href="/q/how_does_ezekiel_8's_view_on_idols_compare.htm">How does the severe condemnation of these idolatries in Ezekiel 8 align or conflict with other biblical accounts of tolerating foreign gods?</a> <a href="/q/is_'forgive_and_forget'_biblical.htm">Is 'forgive and forget' a biblical concept?</a> <a href="/q/why_re-enslave_after_freeing_slaves.htm">Jeremiah 34:8-11 - Why would the Israelites release their slaves, then immediately re-enslave them, if this event was truly a binding covenant?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/jeremiah/34.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(18) When they cut the calf in twain . . .--The passage is interesting, as showing the survival of one of the oldest rites of Patriarchal times. So, when Jehovah made a covenant with Abraham, the victims that had been slain were cut up and arranged opposite each other, and when the "burning lamp" passed between the pieces it was the token that Jehovah had completed the covenant, even as men complete it (<a href="/context/genesis/15-10.htm" title="And he took to him all these, and divided them in the middle, and laid each piece one against another: but the birds divided he not.">Genesis 15:10-17</a>). The implied thought thus symbolised was that the parties to the contract prayed, as in the analogous case of <a href="/1_samuel/11-7.htm" title="And he took a yoke of oxen, and hewed them in pieces, and sent them throughout all the coasts of Israel by the hands of messengers, saying, Whoever comes not forth after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done to his oxen. And the fear of the LORD fell on the people, and they came out with one consent.">1Samuel 11:7</a>, that they might be torn limb from limb like the victims if they broke the covenant, The antiquity and wide extent of the symbolism is shown by its appearing in the ritual of Greece, as in the phrase ????? ?????? --to ratify (literally, to cut) oaths, in Homer (Iliad, ii. 124, Od. xxiv. 483, and elsewhere), and the Latin f?dus ferire. In Livy (i. 24) we have both the phrase, the act which it implied, and the prayer which accompanied it, that if the Roman people proved unfaithful to their covenant Jupiter would slay them as the priest slew the victim. "Tu illo die, Jupiter, populum Romanum sic ferito, ut ego hunc porcum hic hodie feriam, tantoque magis ferito, quanto magis potes pollesque." ("Do thou, Jupiter, on that day so smite the Roman people [if they break the covenant] as I this day smite this swine--yea, so much the more smite them as thou art mightier and more prevailing.")<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/jeremiah/34.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 18. - When they out the calf in twain, etc. This clause should be translated differently, and placed, for clearness, in a parenthesis (the calf which they cut in twain, and between the parts of which they passed). The division of the calf might, in fact, be called in Hebrew either "the covenant" or "the token of the covenant" (comp. <a href="/genesis/17-10.htm">Genesis 17:10, 11</a>). It was a solemn assurance that he who should transgress God's Law should share the same fate as the victim. The same idea seems to have dictated the Hebrew phrase, "to cut a covenant," and the Greek and Latin equivalents (ὅρκια τέμνειν: foedus icere); comp. the parallel narrative in <a href="/genesis/15-10.htm">Genesis 15:10</a>. <a href="/commentaries/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>And those who have transgressed הָעֹֽבְרִים֙ (hā·‘ō·ḇə·rîm) Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5674.htm">Strong's 5674: </a> To pass over, through, or by, pass on My covenant בְּרִתִ֔י (bə·ri·ṯî) Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1285.htm">Strong's 1285: </a> A covenant and have not לֹֽא־ (lō-) Adverb - Negative particle <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3808.htm">Strong's 3808: </a> Not, no fulfilled הֵקִ֙ימוּ֙ (hê·qî·mū) Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6965.htm">Strong's 6965: </a> To arise, stand up, stand the terms דִּבְרֵ֣י (diḇ·rê) Noun - masculine plural construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1697.htm">Strong's 1697: </a> A word, a matter, thing, a cause of the covenant הַבְּרִ֔ית (hab·bə·rîṯ) Article | Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1285.htm">Strong's 1285: </a> A covenant they made כָּרְת֖וּ (kā·rə·ṯū) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3772.htm">Strong's 3772: </a> To cut, to destroy, consume, to covenant before Me, לְפָנָ֑י (lə·p̄ā·nāy) Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6440.htm">Strong's 6440: </a> The face I will treat וְנָתַתִּ֣י (wə·nā·ṯat·tî) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5414.htm">Strong's 5414: </a> To give, put, set like the calf הָעֵ֙גֶל֙ (hā·‘ê·ḡel) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5695.htm">Strong's 5695: </a> A, calf, one nearly grown they cut כָּרְת֣וּ (kā·rə·ṯū) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3772.htm">Strong's 3772: </a> To cut, to destroy, consume, to covenant in two לִשְׁנַ֔יִם (liš·na·yim) Preposition-l | Number - md <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8147.htm">Strong's 8147: </a> Two (a cardinal number) in order to pass וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ (way·ya·‘aḇ·rū) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5674.htm">Strong's 5674: </a> To pass over, through, or by, pass on between בֵּ֥ין (bên) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_996.htm">Strong's 996: </a> An interval, space between its pieces. בְּתָרָֽיו׃ (bə·ṯā·rāw) Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1335.htm">Strong's 1335: </a> A part, piece <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/jeremiah/34-18.htm">Jeremiah 34:18 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/jeremiah/34-18.htm">OT Prophets: Jeremiah 34:18 I will give the men who have (Jer.) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/jeremiah/34-17.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Jeremiah 34:17"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Jeremiah 34:17" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/jeremiah/34-19.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Jeremiah 34:19"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Jeremiah 34:19" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>