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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa:_Northeast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Africa: Northeast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa:_Northeast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa:_Northwest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa:_Northwest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Africa: Northwest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa:_Northwest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa:_South" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa:_South"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Africa: South</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa:_South-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa:_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa:_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Africa: West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa:_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Americas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Americas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Americas:_Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas:_Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Americas: Caribbean</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Asia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia:_Central" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia:_Central"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Asia: Central</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia:_Central-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia:_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia:_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Asia: East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia:_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia:_Southeast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia:_Southeast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Asia: Southeast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia:_Southeast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia:_South" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia:_South"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Asia: South</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia:_South-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia:_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia:_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Asia: West</span> </div> </a> <ul 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_1897&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1897">List of state leaders in 1897</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg/220px-World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg/330px-World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg/440px-World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1274" /></a><figcaption>State leaders in 1889</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_state_leaders_by_century" title="Lists of state leaders by century">Lists of state leaders by century</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_18th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 18th century">List of state leaders in the 18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1801%E2%80%931850)" title="List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)">List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1901%E2%80%931950)" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)">List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1951%E2%80%932000)" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)">List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This is a <b>list of state leaders in the 19th century</b> (1851–1900) AD, except for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_19th-century_British_south_Asia_subsidiary_states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 19th-century British south Asia subsidiary states">leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states</a>, and those leaders within the Holy Roman Empire. </p><p>These polities are generally <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a>, but excludes <i>minor</i> <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a>, whose leaders can be found <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">listed under territorial governors in the 19th century</a>. For completeness, these lists can include <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorates</a>, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa:_Central">Africa: Central</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Africa: Central"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Angola</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasanje_Kingdom" title="Kasanje Kingdom">Kasanje Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kasanje_Kingdom#List_of_kings_of_Kasanje" title="Kasanje Kingdom">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Kambolo ka Ngonga, King (1851–1856)</li> <li>Kamweje ka Kalunga, King (1856–1857)</li> <li>Mbumba a Kinguri, King (1857–1873)</li> <li>Malenge a Kitumba, King (1873)</li> <li>Kwango, King (1883–1885)</li> <li>Kasanje ka Kalanyi, King (1888)</li> <li>Kinguri kya Kiluanje, King (1896)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kingdom of Kongo</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Kongo#Kings_of_Kongo" title="List of rulers of Kongo">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_III_of_Kongo" title="Henrique III of Kongo">Henrique III</a>, King (1842–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_XIII_of_Kongo" title="Álvaro XIII of Kongo">Álvaro XIII</a>, King (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_V_of_Kongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter V of Kongo">Peter V</a>, King (1859–1891)</li></ul></dd> <dd><i>vassal to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a>: 1888–1914</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua_Rosada" title="Água Rosada">Álvaro XIV</a>, King (1891–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_IV_of_Kongo" title="Henrique IV of Kongo">Henrique IV</a>, King (1896–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a>, (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1575–1951</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> under Southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Cameroon</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bafut_Subdivision" title="Bafut Subdivision">Fondom of Bafut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fon_of_Bafut#List_of_the_Fons_of_Bafut" title="Fon of Bafut">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achirimbi_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achirimbi I (page does not exist)">Achirimbi I</a>, King (1799–1852)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abumbi_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abumbi I (page does not exist)">Abumbi I</a>, King (1852–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bamum" title="Kingdom of Bamum">Kingdom of Bamum</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Bamum" title="List of rulers of the Bamum">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngouhouo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngouhouo (page does not exist)">Ngouhouo</a>, Mfon (1818–1865)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngoungoure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngoungoure (page does not exist)">Ngoungoure</a>, Mfon (1865)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nsangou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nsangou (page does not exist)">Nsangou</a>, Mfon (1865–1884)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duala_people" title="Duala people">Duala people</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Duala" title="List of rulers of the Duala">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doo_a_Priso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doo a Priso (page does not exist)">Doo a Priso</a>, Chief (19th century)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbape_a_Bele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbape a Bele (page does not exist)">Mbape a Bele</a>, Chief (19th century)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>German colony, 1884–1916</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> under central Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Central African Republic</i> </p><p><i>Chad</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Sultanate of Bagirmi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bagirmi" title="List of rulers of Bagirmi">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>'Abdul Qadir II al-Mahdi, Mbangi (1846–1858)</li> <li>Abu-Sekkin Mohammed IV, Mbangi (1858–1870)</li> <li>'Abd ar-Rahman II, Mbangi (1870–1871)</li> <li>Abu-Sekkin Mohammed IV, Mbangi (1871–1884)</li> <li>Burkomanda IV as-Saghir, Mbangi (1884–1885)</li> <li>Ngarmane Ermanala, Regent (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaourang_II_of_Bagirmi" title="Gaourang II of Bagirmi">Gaourang II</a>, Mbangi (1885–1897)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadai_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadai Empire">Wadai Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Wadai" title="List of rulers of Wadai">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>'Izz ad-Din Muhammad al-Sharif ibn Salih Derret, Kolak (1835–1858)</li> <li>'Ali ibn Muhammad, Kolak (1858–1874)</li> <li>Yusuf ibn 'Ali, Kolak (1874–1898)</li> <li>Ibrahim ibn 'Ali, Kolak (1898–1900)</li> <li>Ahmad Abu al-Ghazali ibn 'Ali, Kolak (1900–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>rule of Rabih az-Zubayr</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabih_az-Zubayr" title="Rabih az-Zubayr">Rabih az-Zubayr</a>, warlord (1879–1900)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Chad" title="French Chad">French Chad</a>, <small>part of <a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1900–1960</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Congo: Belgian; today, the Democratic Republic of the Congo</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuba_Kingdom" title="Kuba Kingdom">Kuba Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Kuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Kuba">complete list</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Bope Mobinji, Nyim (1840–1885)</li> <li>Mikope Mobinji, Nyim (1885–1890)</li> <li>KotoMboke, Nyim (1890–1896)</li> <li>Mishanga Pelenge, Nyim (1896–1900)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Kingdom of Luba</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Luba" title="List of rulers of Luba">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilunga_Kabale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilunga Kabale (page does not exist)">Ilunga Kabale</a>, muLopwe (1837–1864)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maloba_Konkola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maloba Konkola (page does not exist)">Maloba Konkola</a>, muLopwe (1864–1865)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitamba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitamba (page does not exist)">Kitamba</a>, muLopwe (1865–1869)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasongo_a_Kalombo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasongo a Kalombo (page does not exist)">Kasongo a Kalombo</a>, muLopwe (1869–1886)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nday_a_Mande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nday a Mande (page does not exist)">Nday a Mande</a>, muLopwe (1886–1889)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Lunda">Lunda Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Lunda_Empire" title="List of rulers of the Lunda Empire">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nawej_II_Ditend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nawej II Ditend (page does not exist)">Nawej II Ditend</a>, Mwaant Yaav (c.1800–1852)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulaj_a_Namwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mulaj a Namwan (page does not exist)">Mulaj a Namwan</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1852–1857)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cakasekene_Naweej&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cakasekene Naweej (page does not exist)">Cakasekene Naweej</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1857)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muteba_II_a_Cikombe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muteba II a Cikombe (page does not exist)">Muteba II a Cikombe</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1857–1873)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbala_II_a_Kamong_Isot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbala II a Kamong Isot (page does not exist)">Mbala II a Kamong Isot</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbumb_I_Muteba_Kat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbumb I Muteba Kat (page does not exist)">Mbumb I Muteba Kat</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1874–1883)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimbindu_a_Kasang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cimbindu a Kasang (page does not exist)">Cimbindu a Kasang</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangapu_Nawej&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kangapu Nawej (page does not exist)">Kangapu Nawej</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1884–1885)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mudib (page does not exist)">Mudib</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1885–1886)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutand_Mukaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutand Mukaz (page does not exist)">Mutand Mukaz</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1886–1887)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbala_III_a_Kalong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbala III a Kalong (page does not exist)">Mbala III a Kalong</a>, Mwaant Yaav (1887)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke Kingdom</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Msiri" title="Msiri">Msiri</a>, King (1856–1891)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Sovereign –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">Leopold II of Belgium</a>, Sovereign (1885–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Governors general (<a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_the_Congo_Free_State_and_Belgian_Congo#Congo_Free_State" title="List of colonial governors of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Wahis" title="Théophile Wahis">Théophile Wahis</a>, Governor general (1892–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Congo: French; today, the Republic of the Congo</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anziku_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Anziku Kingdom">Anziku Kingdom</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illoy_Ier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illoy Ier (page does not exist)">Illoy Ier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illoy_Ier" class="extiw" title="fr:Illoy Ier">fr</a>]</span>, Makoko (?–c.1880)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Loango" title="Kingdom of Loango">Kingdom of Loango</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Loango" title="Kings of Loango">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Gangue_M%27voumbe_Makosso_Ma_N%27Sangou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso Ma N'Sangou (page does not exist)">N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso Ma N'Sangou</a>, King (1840-c.1883)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Congo" title="French Congo">French Congo</a> <small>part of <a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1882–1910</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Equatorial Guinea</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Spanish Guinea</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Spain" title="List of heads of state of Spain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1778–1968</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see Spain in southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Gabon</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Orungu" title="Kingdom of Orungu">Kingdom of Orungu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Orungu" title="List of rulers of Orungu">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ombango_Rogombe_%22Ikinda%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ombango Rogombe "Ikinda" (page does not exist)">Ombango Rogombe "Ikinda"</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Pascal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Pascal (page does not exist)">King Pascal</a>, Agamwinboni (1840–1862)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndebulia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndebulia (page does not exist)">Ndebulia</a>, Agamwinboni (1862–1865</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ntch%C3%A8ngu%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ntchènguè (page does not exist)">Ntchènguè</a>, Agamwinboni (1865–1882</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avonowanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avonowanga (page does not exist)">Avonowanga</a>, Agamwinboni (1882–?)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="French Gabon">French Gabon</a>, <small>part of <a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>French Colony, 1882–1910</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>São Tomé and Príncipe</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1470–1951</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> under Southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa:_East">Africa: East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Africa: East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Great Lakes area</i> </p> <dl><dd><i><small>Burundi</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Kingdom of Burundi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Burundi" title="List of kings of Burundi">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mwezi_IV_of_Burundi" title="Mwezi IV of Burundi">Mwezi IV</a>, King (c.1850–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Kenya</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa Protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1895–1920</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pate_Island#Pate_Town" title="Pate Island">Pate Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Pate" title="List of rulers of Pate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Nabahani dynasty</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_ibn_Fumo_Bakari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari (page does not exist)">Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari</a>, Mfalume (1840–1856)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Simba_Balla_ibn_Fumo_Luti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Simba Balla ibn Fumo Luti (page does not exist)">Ahmad Simba Balla ibn Fumo Luti</a>, Mfalume (1856–1858)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>unnamed dynasty</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaykh_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaykh Muhammad (page does not exist)">Shaykh Muhammad</a>, Mfalume (1858–1870)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wituland#List_of_rulers" title="Wituland">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Mfalume (1858–1888)</li> <li>Fumo Bakari ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1888–1890)</li> <li>Bwana Shaykh ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1890–1891)</li> <li>Fumo 'Umar ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1891–1893,1895–1923)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Rwanda</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Kingdom of Rwanda</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Rwanda" title="List of kings of Rwanda">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutara_II_Rwogera" title="Mutara II Rwogera">Mutara II Rwogera</a>, King (1802–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kigeli_IV_of_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kigeli IV of Rwanda">Kigeli IV Rwabugiri</a>, King (1853–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mibambwe_IV_Rutarindwa" title="Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa">Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa</a>, King (1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhi_V_of_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhi V of Rwanda">Yuhi V Musinga</a>, King (1896–1931)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>South Sudan</small></i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Tanzania</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1885–1919</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> under central Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unyanyembe#Kingdom_of_Unyanyembe" title="Unyanyembe">Kingdom of Unyanyembe</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ifundikila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ifundikila (page does not exist)">Ifundikila</a>, King (1840–1858)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mnywasela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mnywasela (page does not exist)">Mnywasela</a>, King (c.1858–1860)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mkasiwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mkasiwa (page does not exist)">Mkasiwa</a>, King (1860–1875)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isike (page does not exist)">Isike</a>, King (1875–?)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urambo_District" title="Urambo District">Kingdom of Urambo</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirambo" title="Mirambo">Mirambo</a>, Ntemi (1860–1884)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Sultanate of Zanzibar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Zanzibar#Sultans_of_Zanzibar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Zanzibar">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majid_bin_Said_of_Zanzibar" title="Majid bin Said of Zanzibar">Majid</a>, Sultan (1856–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barghash_bin_Said_of_Zanzibar" title="Barghash bin Said of Zanzibar">Barghash</a>, Sultan (1870–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifah_bin_Said_of_Zanzibar" title="Khalifah bin Said of Zanzibar">Khalifa I</a>, Sultan (1888–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Said_of_Zanzibar" title="Ali bin Said of Zanzibar">Ali I</a>, Sultan (1890–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Thuwaini_of_Zanzibar" title="Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar">Hamad</a>, Sultan (1893–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Barghash_of_Zanzibar" title="Khalid bin Barghash of Zanzibar">Khalid</a>, Sultan (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamoud_bin_Mohammed_of_Zanzibar" title="Hamoud bin Mohammed of Zanzibar">Hamoud</a>, Sultan (1896–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Uganda</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Omugabe#List_of_Omugabe_of_Ankole" class="mw-redirect" title="Omugabe">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutambuka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutambuka (page does not exist)">Mutambuka</a>, Omugabe (1839–1873)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ntare_V_Rugingiza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ntare V Rugingiza (page does not exist)">Ntare V Rugingiza</a>, Omugabe (1873–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahaya_II" title="Kahaya II">Kahaya II</a>, Omugabe (1895–1944)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kabaka_of_Buganda#Kings_of_Buganda" title="Kabaka of Buganda">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suuna_II_of_Buganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Suuna II of Buganda">Suuna II</a>, Kabaka (1832–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muteesa_I_of_Buganda" title="Muteesa I of Buganda">Muteesa I</a>, Kabaka (1856–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwanga_II_of_Buganda" title="Mwanga II of Buganda">Mwanga II</a>, Kabaka (1884–1888, 1889–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiweewa_of_Buganda" title="Kiweewa of Buganda">Kiweewa</a>, Kabaka (1888–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalema_of_Buganda" title="Kalema of Buganda">Kalema</a>, Kabaka (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daudi_Chwa_II_of_Buganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Daudi Chwa II of Buganda">Daudi Chwa II</a>, Kabaka (1897–1939)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunyoro" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Omukama_of_Bunyoro#List_of_Bunyoro_Omukamas_(Babiito_dynasty)" title="Omukama of Bunyoro">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olimi_V_of_Bunyoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olimi V of Bunyoro (page does not exist)">Olimi V</a>, Omukama (1848–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyebambe_IV_of_Bunyoro" title="Kyebambe IV of Bunyoro">Kyebambe IV</a>, Omukama (1852–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalega_of_Bunyoro" title="Kabalega of Bunyoro">Kabalega</a>, Omukama (1869–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitahimbwa_of_Bunyoro" title="Kitahimbwa of Bunyoro">Kitahimbwa</a>, Omukama (1898–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda Protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1894–1962</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Horn of Africa area</i> </p> <dl><dd><i><small>Djibouti</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Somaliland" title="French Somaliland">French Somaliland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1896–1946</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Eritrea</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritrea" title="Italian Eritrea">Italian Eritrea</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Italy" title="List of heads of state of Italy">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1890–1936</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> under southcentral Europe</i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Ethiopia</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Emperors of Ethiopia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yohannes_III" title="Yohannes III">Yohannes III</a>, Emperor (1850–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahle_Dengel" title="Sahle Dengel">Sahle Dengel</a>, Emperor (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewodros_II" title="Tewodros II">Tewodros II</a>, Emperor (1855–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Giyorgis_II" title="Tekle Giyorgis II">Tekle Giyorgis II</a>, Emperor (1868–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohannes_IV" title="Yohannes IV">Yohannes IV</a>, Emperor (1871–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a>, Emperor (1889–1913)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Sultanate of Aussa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mudaito_dynasty#Rulers" title="Mudaito dynasty">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanfere_ibn_Aydahis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanfere ibn Aydahis (page does not exist)">Hanfere ibn Aydahis</a>, Amoyta (1832–1862)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahammad_ibn_Hanfere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahammad ibn Hanfere (page does not exist)">Mahammad ibn Hanfere</a>, Amoyta (1862–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Garo" title="Kingdom of Garo">Kingdom of Garo</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bosha" title="List of rulers of Bosha">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogata" title="Ogata">Ogata</a>, Tato (1845–1865)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagoye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagoye (page does not exist)">Dagoye</a>, Tato (1865–1883)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gera" title="Kingdom of Gera">Kingdom of Gera</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gibe_state_of_Gera" title="List of rulers of the Gibe state of Gera">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Rago_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abba Rago I (page does not exist)">Abba Rago I</a>, Moti(c.1845–c.1860)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Magal_of_Gera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abba Magal of Gera (page does not exist)">Abba Magal</a>, Moti (c.1860–1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Rago_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abba Rago II (page does not exist)">Abba Rago II</a>, Moti (c.1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genne_Fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genne Fa (page does not exist)">Genne Fa</a>, Queen (c.1880)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Kingdom of Gomma</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gibe_state_of_Goma" title="List of rulers of the Gibe state of Goma">complete list</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Abba Rebo, Moti (?–1856)</li> <li>Abba Dula, Moti (?–1864)</li> <li>Abba Jifar, Moti (late 19th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Boka" class="mw-redirect" title="Abba Boka">Abba Boka</a>, Moti (?–1886)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Kingdom of Gumma</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gibe_state_of_Guma" title="List of rulers of the Gibe state of Guma">complete list</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Jawe, Moti (c.1840–1854)</li> <li>Abba Dula, Moti (1854–1879)</li> <li>Abba Jubir, Moti (June 1879–c.1890)</li> <li>Abba Fogi, Moti (c.1890–1899)</li> <li>Firisa, Moti (1899–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Harar" title="Emirate of Harar">Emirate of Harar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Harar#Emirs_of_Harar_(Dawud_Dynasty)" title="Emirate of Harar">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_II_ibn_%60Abd_al-Munan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr II ibn `Abd al-Munan">Abu Bakr II ibn `Abd al-Munan</a>, Emīr (1834–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_III_ibn_Abu_Bakr" title="Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr">Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr</a>, Emīr (1852–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_%27Ali_%27Abd_ash-Shakur" title="Muhammad ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur">Muhammad ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur</a>, Emīr (1866–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_Allah_II_ibn_%27Ali_%27Abd_ash-Shakur" title="'Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur">'Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur</a>, Emīr (1884–1887)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Janjero" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Janjero">Kingdom of Janjero</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Janjero_state_of_Gimirra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Janjero state of Gimirra">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Bagibo_of_Janjero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abba Bagibo of Janjero (page does not exist)">Abba Bagibo</a>, Koynab (?–1894)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jimma" title="Kingdom of Jimma">Kingdom of Jimma</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gibe_state_of_Jimma" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Gibe state of Jimma">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Jifar_I" title="Abba Jifar I">Abba Jifar I</a>, Moti (c.1830–c.1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Rebu" title="Abba Rebu">Abba Rebu</a>, Moti (1855–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Bok%27a" title="Abba Bok'a">Abba Bok'a</a>, Moti (1859–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Gomol" title="Abba Gomol">Abba Gomol</a>, Moti (1862–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Jifar_II" title="Abba Jifar II">Abba Jifar II</a>, Moti (1878–1932)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kingdom of Kaffa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Ethiopia#Kingdoms_annexed_by_the_Ethiopian_empire_in_the_19th_century" title="Monarchies of Ethiopia">complete list</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Gawi Nechocho <i>or</i> Haji Ginoch, King (1845–1854)</li> <li>Kaye Sherocho <i>or</i> Kamo, King (1854–1870)</li> <li>Gali Sherocho, King (1870–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaki_Sherocho" title="Gaki Sherocho">Gaki Sherocho</a>, King (1890–1897)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leqa_Neqemte" class="mw-redirect" title="Leqa Neqemte">Leqa Neqemte</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Leqa_Naqamte" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Leqa Naqamte">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekere_Godana" title="Bekere Godana">Bekere Godana</a>, Moti (1841–1868)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mereda_Bekere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mereda Bekere (page does not exist)">Mereda Bekere</a>, Moti (1871–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumsa_Mereda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumsa Mereda">Kumsa Mereda</a>, Moti (1888–1923)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Limmu-Ennarea" title="Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea">Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gibe_state_of_Limu-%27Enarya" title="List of rulers of the Gibe state of Limu-'Enarya">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ibsa, Abba Bagibo, Supera (1825–1861)</li> <li>Abba Bulgu, Supera (1861–1883)</li> <li>Abba Gomoli II, Supera (1883–1891)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welayta_people" title="Welayta people">Welayta</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigre_dynasty_(Walayta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigre dynasty (Walayta) (page does not exist)">Tigre dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Welayta" title="List of rulers of Welayta">complete list</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gobe_of_Walayta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gobe of Walayta (page does not exist)">Gobe</a>, Kawa (1845–1886)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaga_of_Walayta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaga of Walayta (page does not exist)">Gaga</a>, Kawa (1886–c.1890)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tona_of_Walayta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tona of Walayta (page does not exist)">Tona</a>, Kawa (1890–1895)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Somalia</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_the_Geledi" title="Sultanate of the Geledi">Sultanate of the Geledi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_the_Geledi#Rulers" title="Sultanate of the Geledi">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yusuf_Mahamud" title="Ahmed Yusuf Mahamud">Ahmed Yusuf</a>, Sultan (1848–1878)<sup id="cite_ref-Dic_26_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dic_26-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Ahmed" title="Osman Ahmed">Osman Ahmed</a>, Sultan (1878–1911)<sup id="cite_ref-Dic_26_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dic_26-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Hobyo" title="Sultanate of Hobyo">Sultanate of Hobyo</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ali_Kenadid" title="Yusuf Ali Kenadid">Yusuf Ali Kenadid</a>, Sultan (1870s–early 20th century)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majeerteen_Sultanate" title="Majeerteen Sultanate">Majeerteen Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Majeerteen_Sultanate#Sultans" title="Majeerteen Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Maxamuud, King (1844–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Mahamuud" class="mw-redirect" title="Osman Mahamuud">Osman Mahamuud</a>, King (1860–c.1924)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_Sultanate" title="Isaaq Sultanate">Isaaq Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaaq_Sultanate#Rulers" title="Isaaq Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Hassan Farah, Sultan (1845-1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deria_Hassan" title="Deria Hassan">Deria Hassan</a>, Sultan (1870-1939)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland" title="Italian Somaliland">Italian Somaliland</a> <small>part of <a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Italy" title="List of heads of state of Italy">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1890–1936</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> under southcentral Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Protectorate, 1884–1940, 1941–1960</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Indian Ocean</i> </p> <dl><dd><i><small>Comoros</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li" title="Mohéli">Sultanate of Mwali</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_on_the_Comoros#Sultans_of_and_on_Mwali_(Mohéli)" title="List of sultans on the Comoros">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara, Sultan (1865–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djoumb%C3%A9_Fatima" title="Djoumbé Fatima">Djoumbé Fatima</a>, Regent (1865–1868)</li> <li>Joseph Lambert, Duc d'Imerina, Regent (1868–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djoumb%C3%A9_Fatima" title="Djoumbé Fatima">Djoumbé Fatima</a>, Regent (1871–1878)</li> <li>Abderremane bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara, Sultan (1878–1885)</li> <li>Mohammed Shekhe, Sultan (1885–1886)</li> <li>Marjani bin Abudu Shekhe, Sultan (1886–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salima_Machamba" title="Salima Machamba">Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara</a> Queen/Sultan (1888–1909)</li> <li>Fadeli bin Othman, Balia Juma, Abudu Tsivandini, Regents (1888–1889)</li> <li>Mahmudu bin Mohamed Makadara, Regent (1889–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salima_Machamba" title="Salima Machamba">Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara</a> Queen/Sultan (1888–1909)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Sultanate of Ndzuwani</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_on_the_Comoros#Sultans_of_and_on_Ndzuwani_(Anjouan)" title="List of sultans on the Comoros">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Salim bin Alawi, Sultan (1837–1852)</li> <li>Saidi Abdallah bin Salim, Sultan (1852–1891)</li> <li>Salim bin Abdalla, Sultan (1891–1891)</li> <li>Saidi Omar bin Saidi Hasan, Sultan (1891–1892)</li> <li>Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar, Sultan (1892–1912)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="French Comoros">French Comoros</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>French protectorate, 1887–1908</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Madagascar</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Merina Kingdom</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Monarchs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Imerina_monarchs" title="List of Imerina monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranavalona_I" title="Ranavalona I">Ranavalona I</a>, Queen (1828–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radama_II" title="Radama II">Radama II</a>, King (1861–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasoherina" title="Rasoherina">Rasoherina</a>, Queen (1863–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranavalona_II" title="Ranavalona II">Ranavalona II</a>, Queen (1868–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranavalona_III" title="Ranavalona III">Ranavalona III</a> Queen (1883–1897)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Prime ministers (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Madagascar" title="Prime Minister of Madagascar">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainiharo" title="Rainiharo">Rainiharo</a>, Prime minister (1833–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainivoninahitriniony" title="Rainivoninahitriniony">Rainivoninahitriniony</a>, Prime minister (1852–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainilaiarivony" title="Rainilaiarivony">Rainilaiarivony</a>, Prime minister (1864–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainitsimbazafy" title="Rainitsimbazafy">Rainitsimbazafy</a>, Prime minister (1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasanjy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasanjy (page does not exist)">Rasanjy</a>, Prime minister (1896–1897)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_Protectorate" title="Malagasy Protectorate">Malagasy Protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>French protectorate, 1882–1897</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Madagascar" title="French Madagascar">French Madagascar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1897–1958</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Mauritius</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">British Mauritius</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1810–1968</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><small>Seychelles</small></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles#Crown_Colony" title="History of Seychelles">Colony of Seychelles</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Part of British Mauritius, 1811–1903</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa:_Northcentral">Africa: Northcentral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Africa: Northcentral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Libya</i> </p><p><i>Tunisia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Tunis" title="Beylik of Tunis">Beylik of Tunis</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Beys</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Beys_of_Tunis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Beys of Tunis">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_I_ibn_Mustafa" title="Ahmad I ibn Mustafa">Ahmad I ibn Mustafa</a>, Bey (1837–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_ibn_al-Husayn" title="Muhammad II ibn al-Husayn">Muhammad II ibn al-Husayn</a>, Bey (1855–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_III_as-Sadiq" title="Muhammad III as-Sadiq">Muhammad III as-Sadiq</a>, Bey (1859–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_III_ibn_al-Husayn" title="Ali III ibn al-Husayn">Ali III ibn al-Husayn</a>, Bey (1882–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Grand viziers (<a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government of Tunisia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Khaznadar" title="Mustapha Khaznadar">Mustapha Khaznadar</a>, Grand vizier (1837–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayreddin_Pasha" title="Hayreddin Pasha">Hayreddin Pasha</a>, Grand vizier (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Khaznadar" title="Mohammed Khaznadar">Mohammed Khaznadar</a>, Grand vizier (1877–1878, 1881–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Ben_Isma%C3%AFl" title="Mustapha Ben Ismaïl">Mustapha Ben Ismaïl</a>, Grand vizier (1878–1881)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziz_Bouattour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziz Bouattour (page does not exist)">Aziz Bouattour</a>, Grand vizier (1882–1907)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">French protectorate of Tunisia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Protectorate, 1881–1956</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa:_Northeast">Africa: Northeast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Africa: Northeast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Egypt</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Khedivate of Egypt</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Khedive (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Helmi_I_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas Helmi I of Egypt">Abbas Helmi I</a>, Khedive (1848–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_of_Egypt" title="Sa'id of Egypt">Sa'id</a>, Khedive (1854–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'il Pasha">Isma'il Pasha</a>, Khedive (1863–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewfik_Pasha" title="Tewfik Pasha">Tewfik Pasha</a>, Khedive (1879–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_II_of_Egypt" title="Abbas II of Egypt">Abbas II</a>, Khedive (1892–1914)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Egypt">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubar_Pasha" title="Nubar Pasha">Nubar Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1878–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewfik_Pasha" title="Tewfik Pasha">Tewfik Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Sherif_Pasha" title="Mohamed Sherif Pasha">Mohamed Sherif Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewfik_Pasha" title="Tewfik Pasha">Tewfik Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaz_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Riaz Pasha">Riaz Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Sherif_Pasha" title="Mohamed Sherif Pasha">Mohamed Sherif Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1881–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Samy_El_Baroudy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmoud Samy El Baroudy">Mahmoud Samy El Baroudy</a>, Prime minister (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghib_Pasha" title="Raghib Pasha">Raghib Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Sherif_Pasha" title="Mohamed Sherif Pasha">Mohamed Sherif Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1882–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubar_Pasha" title="Nubar Pasha">Nubar Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1884–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaz_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Riaz Pasha">Riaz Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1888–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Fahmy_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa Fahmy Pasha">Mostafa Fahmy Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1891–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Fakhry_Pasha" title="Hussein Fakhry Pasha">Hussein Fakhry Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaz_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Riaz Pasha">Riaz Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubar_Pasha" title="Nubar Pasha">Nubar Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1894–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Fahmy_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa Fahmy Pasha">Mostafa Fahmy Pasha</a>, Prime minister (1895–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Sudan</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" title="Sultanate of Darfur">Sultanate of Darfur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keira_dynasty#List_of_Sultans_of_Darfur" title="Keira dynasty">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Husayn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad al-Husayn (page does not exist)">Muhammad al-Husayn</a>, Sultan (1838–1873)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_of_Darfur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim of Darfur (page does not exist)">Ibrahim</a>, Sultan (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Dinar" title="Ali Dinar">Ali Dinar</a>, Sultan (1898–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahdist_State" title="Mahdist State">Mahdist State</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Muhammad Ahmad">Muhammad Ahmad</a>, Mahdi (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallahi_ibn_Muhammad" title="Abdallahi ibn Muhammad">Abdallahi ibn Muhammad</a>, Khalifa (1885–1899)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taqali" title="Taqali">Taqali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taqali#Mukūk_of_Taqali" title="Taqali">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Nasir, Mukūk (1843–c.1860)</li> <li>Adam I, Mukūk (c.1860–1884)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Anglo-Egyptian Sudan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">Condominium</a> of the United Kingdom and Egypt, 1899–1956</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Egypt</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa:_Northwest">Africa: Northwest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Africa: Northwest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Algeria</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>French Départements, 1830–1962</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Morocco and Western Sahara</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alaouite_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaouite dynasty">Alaouite dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco#Alaouite_dynasty" title="List of rulers of Morocco">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_of_Morocco" title="Abd al-Rahman of Morocco">Abd al-Rahman</a>, Sultan (1822–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_IV_of_Morocco" title="Muhammad IV of Morocco">Mohammed IV</a>, Sultan (1859–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_I_of_Morocco" title="Hassan I of Morocco">Hassan I</a>, Sultan (1873–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco" title="Abdelaziz of Morocco">Abdelaziz</a>, Sultan (1894–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Spanish Sahara</a>, (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Spain" title="List of heads of state of Spain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Overseas territory, 1884–1975</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see Spain in southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa:_South">Africa: South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Africa: South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Botswana</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland Protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1885–1966</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Eswatini/ Swaziland</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eswatini" title="History of Eswatini">Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Kings (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Eswatini" title="List of monarchs of Eswatini">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mswati_II" title="Mswati II">Mswati II</a>, King (1840–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbandzeni" title="Mbandzeni">Dlamini IV</a>, King (1875–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngwane_V" title="Ngwane V">Ngwane V</a>, King (1895–1899)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>tiNdlovukati (<a href="/wiki/Ndlovukati#List_of_tiNdlovukati" title="Ndlovukati">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsandzile_Ndwandwe" title="Tsandzile Ndwandwe">Tsandzile Ndwandwe</a>, Ndlovukati (1840–1875), Queen Regent (1868–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisile_Khumalo" title="Sisile Khumalo">Sisile Khumalo</a>, Ndlovukati (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibati_Nkambule" title="Tibati Nkambule">Tibati Nkambule</a>, Ndlovukati (1875–1894), Queen Regent (1889–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labotsibeni_Mdluli" title="Labotsibeni Mdluli">Labotsibeni Mdluli</a>, Ndlovukati (1894–1925), Queen Regent (1899–1903) Queen Regent under British rule (1903–1921)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Lesotho</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Kingdom, 1822–1884</i></dd> <dd><i>British colony, 1884–1966</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i> <ul><li>Paramount Chiefs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshoeshoe_I" title="Moshoeshoe I">Moshoeshoe I</a>, King or Paramount Chief (1822–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letsie_I_Moshoeshoe_of_Lesotho" title="Letsie I Moshoeshoe of Lesotho">Letsie I</a>, Paramount Chief (1870–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerotholi" title="Lerotholi">Lerotholi</a>, Paramount Chief (1891–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Malawi</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">British Central Africa Protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1893–1907</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Mozambique</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angoche_Sultanate" title="Angoche Sultanate">Angoche Sultanate</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasani_Usufu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasani Usufu (page does not exist)">Hasani Usufu</a>, Sultan (1849–1861)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_Mohammad_Sahib_Quanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa Mohammad Sahib Quanto (page does not exist)">Musa Mohammad Sahib Quanto</a>, Sultan (?–1879)</li> <li>Umar Farelay (also known as Mahamuieva), Sultan (c.1890–1910)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Empire" title="Gaza Empire">Gaza Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soshangane#List_of_Soshangane's_ancestors_(Ndwandwe/Nxumalo_lineage)" title="Soshangane">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soshangane" title="Soshangane">Soshangane</a>, ruler (1825–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzila" title="Mzila">Mzila</a>, ruler (c.1864–c.1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gungunhana" title="Gungunhana">Gungunhana</a>, ruler (c.1884–1895)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1498–1972</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> under Southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Namibia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gciriku" title="Gciriku">Gciriku</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Gciriku_kings" title="List of Gciriku kings">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Shimwemwe (1785–1805)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_South_West_Africa" title="German South West Africa">German South West Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1884–1915</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> under central Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>South Africa</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_East" title="Griqualand East">Griqualand East</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kok_III" title="Adam Kok III">Adam Kok III</a>, Kaptijn (c.1862–1875)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West" title="Griqualand West">Griqualand West</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andries_Waterboer" title="Andries Waterboer">Andries Waterboer</a>, Kaptijn (1820–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Waterboer" title="Nicolaas Waterboer">Nicolaas Waterboer</a>, Kaptijn (1852–1880)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West#Diggers_Republic_(1870–71)" title="Griqualand West">Diggers Republic</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Parker" title="Stafford Parker">Stafford Parker</a>, President (1870–1871)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mthethwa_Paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mthethwa Paramountcy">Mthethwa Paramountcy</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobe_kaKhayi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jobe kaKhayi (page does not exist)">Jobe kaKhayi</a>, Chief (?–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingiswayo" title="Dingiswayo">Dingiswayo</a>, Chief (1806–1817)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Republiek" title="Nieuwe Republiek">Nieuwe Republiek</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Lucas Johannes Meijer, President (1884–1888)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_President_of_the_Orange_Free_State" title="State President of the Orange Free State">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Groenendaal" title="Jacobus Groenendaal">Jacobus Groenendaal</a>, Acting State President (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josias_Philip_Hoffman" title="Josias Philip Hoffman">Josias Philip Hoffman</a>, State President (1854–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Johannes_Venter" title="Jacobus Johannes Venter">Jacobus Johannes Venter</a>, Acting State President (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Nicolaas_Boshoff" title="Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff">Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff</a>, State President (1855–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esaias_Reynier_Snijman" title="Esaias Reynier Snijman">Esaias Reynier Snijman</a>, Acting State President (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthinus_Wessel_Pretorius" title="Marthinus Wessel Pretorius">Marthinus Wessel Pretorius</a>, State President (1860–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Johannes_Venter" title="Jacobus Johannes Venter">Jacobus Johannes Venter</a>, Acting State President (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brand" title="Johannes Brand">Johannes Henricus Brand</a>, State President (1864–1888)</li> <li>Executive Committee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Collins_(South_African_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Collins (South African politician) (page does not exist)">W. Collins</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Pieter_Schnehage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Pieter Schnehage (page does not exist)">F.P. Schnehage</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhardus_Johannes_du_Toit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhardus Johannes du Toit (page does not exist)">G.J. du Toit</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Jeremias_Blignaut" title="Pieter Jeremias Blignaut">Pieter Jeremias Blignaut</a>, Acting State President (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Reitz" title="Francis William Reitz">Francis William Reitz</a>, State President (1889–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Jeremias_Blignaut" title="Pieter Jeremias Blignaut">Pieter Jeremias Blignaut</a>, Acting State President (1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Theunis_Steyn" title="Martinus Theunis Steyn">Martinus Theunis Steyn</a>, State President (1896–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1795–1910</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Colony of Natal</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1843–1910</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_President_of_the_South_African_Republic" title="State President of the South African Republic">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schalk_Willem_Burger" title="Schalk Willem Burger">Schalk Willem Burger</a>, Acting State President (1900–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal Colony</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1877–1881, 1902–1910</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Zambia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Litunga#List_of_Litungas" title="Litunga">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sebetwane" title="Sebetwane">Sebetwane</a>, Morêna (1838–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamochisane" title="Mamochisane">Mamochisane</a>, Morêna (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekeletu" title="Sekeletu">Sekeletu</a>, Morêna (1851–1863)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mambili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mambili (page does not exist)">Mambili</a>, Morêna (1863)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liswaniso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liswaniso (page does not exist)">Liswaniso</a>, Morêna <i>in rebellion</i> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbololo_(king)" title="Mbololo (king)">Mbololo</a>, Morêna (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipopa_Lutangu" title="Sipopa Lutangu">Sipopa Lutangu</a>, Mbumu wa Litunga (1864–1876)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mowa_Mamili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mowa Mamili (page does not exist)">Mowa Mamili</a>, Regent (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwanawina_II" title="Mwanawina II">Mwanawina II</a>, Mbumu wa Litunga (1876–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewanika" title="Lewanika">Lubosi I</a>, Mbumu wa Litunga (1878–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akufuna_Tatila" class="mw-redirect" title="Akufuna Tatila">Akufuna Tatila</a>, Mbumu wa Litunga (1884–1885)</li> <li>Sikufele (in rebellion) (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewanika" title="Lewanika">Lubosi I</a>, Mbumu wa Litunga (1885–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazembe" title="Kazembe">Kazembe</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapumba_Mwongo_Mfwama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapumba Mwongo Mfwama (page does not exist)">Kapumba Mwongo Mfwama</a>, Mwata (1850–1854)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanta_Munona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinyanta Munona (page does not exist)">Chinyanta Munona</a>, Mwata (1854–1862)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwonga_Nsemba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mwonga Nsemba (page does not exist)">Mwonga Nsemba</a>, Mwata (1862–1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinkonkole_Kafuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinkonkole Kafuti (page does not exist)">Chinkonkole Kafuti</a>, Mwata (1870–1872)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lukwesa_Mpanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lukwesa Mpanga (page does not exist)">Lukwesa Mpanga</a>, Mwata (1872–1883, 1885–1886)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanyembo_Ntemena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanyembo Ntemena (page does not exist)">Kanyembo Ntemena</a>, Mwata (1883–1885, 1886–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paramount_Chief_Mpezeni" title="Paramount Chief Mpezeni">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mpezeni" title="Mpezeni">Mpezeni I</a>, Paramount Chief (1848–1900)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Zimbabwe</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mthwakazi" title="Mthwakazi">Mthwakazi</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mzilikazi" title="Mzilikazi">Mzilikazi</a> (1820–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobengula" title="Lobengula">Lobengula</a> (1868–1894)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_Rhodesia" title="Company rule in Rhodesia">Company rule in Rhodesia</a> by the <a href="/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company" title="British South Africa Company">British South Africa Company</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Company rule, 1890–1924</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_2nd_Duke_of_Abercorn" title="James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn">James Hamilton</a>, Chairman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes" title="Cecil Rhodes">Cecil Rhodes</a>, Founder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Beit" title="Alfred Beit">Alfred Beit</a>, Director</li></ul></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rozvi_Empire" title="Rozvi Empire">Rozvi Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rozvi_Empire#Kings" title="Rozvi Empire">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Changamire Tohwechipi Zharare, King (1831–1866)<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa:_West">Africa: West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Africa: West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Benin</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Agwe" title="Kingdom of Agwe">Kingdom of Agwe</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanto_Tona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanto Tona (page does not exist)">Hanto Tona</a>, King (1846–1858)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soji_Komin_Agidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soji Komin Agidi (page does not exist)">Soji Komin Agidi</a>, King (1858–1873)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atanle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atanle (page does not exist)">Atanle</a>, King (1873–1889)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahrlonko_Butiyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahrlonko Butiyi (page does not exist)">Ahrlonko Butiyi</a>, King (1889–1894)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwasihela_Diogo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwasihela Diogo (page does not exist)">Kwasihela Diogo</a>, King (1894–1895)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>State annexed by France (1895)</i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Benin" title="Kingdom of Benin">Kingdom of Benin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oba_of_Benin#List_of_Obas_of_the_Benin_Empire" title="Oba of Benin">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Adolo, Oba (1848–1897)</li></ul></dd> <dd>See also <a href="/wiki/Ovonramwen" title="Ovonramwen">Ovonramwen</a></dd></dl> <ul><li>Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_Dahomey#List_of_Kings_of_Dahomey" title="King of Dahomey">Dahomey kings</a>) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">French presidents</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghezo" title="Ghezo">Ghezo</a>, King (1818–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glele" title="Glele">Glele</a>, King (1858–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9hanzin" title="Béhanzin">Béhanzin</a>, King (1889–1894)</li></ul></dd> <dd><i>French protectorate, 1894–1900</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agoli-agbo" title="Agoli-agbo">Agoli-agbo</a>, King (1894–1900)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace,_Porto-Novo" title="Royal Palace, Porto-Novo">Hogbonu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Hogbonu_(Porto-Novo)" title="List of rulers of Hogbonu (Porto-Novo)">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodji (page does not exist)">Sodji</a>, Ahosu (1848–1864)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikpon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikpon (page does not exist)">Mikpon</a>, Ahosu (1864–1872)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messe_II_of_Hogbonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messe II of Hogbonu (page does not exist)">Messi</a>, Ahosu (1872–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toffa_I" title="Toffa I">Toffa I</a>, Ahosu (1874–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketu_(Benin)" title="Ketu (Benin)">Ketu (Benin)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Ketu" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ajibolu, Oba of Ketu (1795–1816)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Burkina Faso</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Liptako" title="List of rulers of Liptako">Kingdom of Koala</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Liptako#Kings_of_Koala" title="List of rulers of Liptako">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Lansongi, King (?)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yencirima, King (?)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadiéga1982123_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadiéga1982123-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yenahmma, King (?–1878)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadiéga1982123–124_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadiéga1982123–124-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yenkuaga, King (c.1878–1917)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadiéga1982123,133_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadiéga1982123,133-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bilanga" title="Bilanga">Bilanga</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gurma_Mossi_state_of_Bilanga" title="List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Buricimba dynasty</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labidiedo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labidiedo (page does not exist)">Labidiedo</a>, Bilanbedo (?–1881)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haminari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haminari (page does not exist)">Haminari</a>, Bilanbedo (1881–1883)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yendabri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yendabri (page does not exist)">Yendabri</a>, Bilanbedo (1883–1887)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaaparigu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaaparigu (page does not exist)">Yaaparigu</a>, Bilanbedo (1887–1919)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilayanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilayanga (page does not exist)">Bilayanga</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gurma_Mossi_state_of_Bilayanga" title="List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Yempaabu, ruler (1890s–?)</li> <li>Yembuado, ruler (?)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bongandini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bongandini (page does not exist)">Bongandini</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gurma_Mossi_state_of_Bongandini" title="List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Bantia, ruler (19th century)</li> <li>Yenkpaari, ruler (19th century)</li> <li>Yembrima, ruler (late 19th century–1897)</li> <li>Yentema, ruler (1897–1899)</li> <li>Hampandi, ruler (1899–1923)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Con_(Burkina_Faso)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Con (Burkina Faso) (page does not exist)">Con</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gurma_Mossi_state_of_Con" title="List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Bandigoo, ruler (19th century)</li> <li>Wurbendi, ruler (19th century)</li> <li>Yembuado, ruler (19th century)</li> <li>Baalisongi, ruler (19th century)</li> <li>Yenkoari, ruler (19th century)</li> <li>Yembrima, ruler (late 19th century–1889)</li> <li>Yensombu, ruler (1889–1892)</li> <li>Baahamma, ruler (1892–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gurunsi_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurunsi peoples">Gurunsi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Mossi_state_of_Gurunsi" title="List of rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Alfa Hano, ruler (c.1870–c.1874)</li> <li>Gazari, ruler (c.1874–1883)</li> <li>Babatu, ruler (1883–1899)</li> <li>Builsa Hamaria, ruler (1894–1897)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gwiriko" title="Gwiriko">Gwiriko</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_rulers_of_the_Mossi_state_of_Gwiriko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of rulers of the Mossi state of Gwiriko (page does not exist)">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Bako Moru Wattara, ruler (1839–1851)</li> <li>Laganfyela Moru, ruler (1851–1854)</li> <li>Ali Dyan, ruler (1854–1878)</li> <li>Kokoroko Dyan, ruler (1878–1885)</li> <li>Sabana, ruler (1885–1892)</li> <li>Tyeba Wattara Nyandane, ruler (1892–1897)</li> <li>Pintyeba Wattara, ruler (1897–1909)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liptako" title="Liptako">Liptako</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_rulers_of_the_Mossi_state_of_Liptako&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of rulers of the Mossi state of Liptako (page does not exist)">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Brahima Sori bi Hama, Almami (1832–1861)</li> <li>Seku bi Salifu, Almami (1861–1887)</li> <li>Bubakar Amadu bi Isa, Almami (1887–1890)</li> <li>Bubakar bi Sori, Almami (1890–1891)</li> <li>Brahima Usman, Almami (1891–1915)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macakoali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macakoali (page does not exist)">Macakoali</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gurma_Mossi_state_of_Macakoali" title="List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Yembrima, Boopo (19th century)</li> <li>Baahamma, Boopo (late 19th century)</li> <li>Yempaabu, Boopo (late 19th century)</li> <li>Labidiedo, Boopo (late 19th century–1887)</li> <li>Tintuoriba Adama, Boopo (1887–1896)</li> <li>Hampanli, Boopo (1896–1897)</li> <li>Huntani, Boopo (1897–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fada_N%27gourma" title="Fada N'gourma">Nungu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gurma_Mossi_state_of_Nungu" title="List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Yempabu, Nunbado (1846–1856)</li> <li>Yempadigu, Nunbado (1856–1883)</li> <li>Yentuguri, Nunbado (1883–1892)</li> <li>Bancandi, Nunbado (1892–1911)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A9la" title="Piéla">Piéla</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Gurma_Mossi_state_of_Piela" title="List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Yenkpaari, Pielabedo (1844–1851)</li> <li>Yencaari, Pielabedo (1851–1856)</li> <li>Yentandi, Pielabedo (1856–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tenkodogo" title="Tenkodogo">Tenkodogo</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Mossi_state_of_Tenkodogo" title="List of rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Sapilem, Naaba (19th century)</li> <li>Nyambre, Naaba (19th century)</li> <li>Salma, Naaba (19th century)</li> <li>Korongo, Naaba (1894)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wogodogo_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wogodogo Monarchy">Mossi Kingdom of Wogodogo</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Mossi_state_of_Wogodogo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Naaba Kutu I, Moogo-naaba (1850–1871)</li> <li>Naaba Sanum, Moogo-naaba (1871–1889)</li> <li>Naaba Wobgo, Moogo-naaba (1889–1897)</li> <li>Naaba Mazi, Moogo-naaba (1896–1896)</li> <li>Naaba Sigiri, Moogo-naaba (1897–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_Kingdoms" title="Mossi Kingdoms">Mossi Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yatenga_Province" title="Yatenga Province">Yatenga</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Mossi_state_of_Yatenga" title="List of rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Rima Naaba Yemde, Yatenga naaba (1850–1877)</li> <li>Naaba Sanum, Yatenga naaba (1877–1879)</li> <li>Rima Naaba Woboga, Yatenga naaba (1879–1884)</li> <li>Naaba Piiyo II, Yatenga naaba (1884–1885)</li> <li>Rima Naaba Baongo, Yatenga naaba (1885–1895)</li> <li>Naaba Bulli, Yatenga naaba (1895–1899)</li> <li>Sidiyete Wedraogo, ruler (1895–1896)</li> <li>Naaba Ligidi, Yatenga naaba (1899–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Cape Verde</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Portuguese Cape Verde</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1462–1951</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> under Southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Gambia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">Gambia Colony and Protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony and protectorate, 1821–1965</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kombo" title="Kombo">Kombo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kombo#List_of_Kings_of_Kombo" title="Kombo">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suling_Jatta" title="Suling Jatta">Suling Jatta</a>, King (pre-1840–1855)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tomani Bojang, King (?–1875)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Ghana</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Kingdom of Ashanti</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Asante" title="List of rulers of Asante">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwaku_Dua_I_Panyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwaku Dua I Panyin">Kwaku Dua I Panyin</a>, Asantehene (1834–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Karikari" title="Kofi Karikari">Kofi Karikari</a>, Asantehene (1867–1874)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwabena_Dwomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwabena Dwomo (page does not exist)">Kwabena Dwomo</a>, Regent (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mensa_Bonsu" title="Mensa Bonsu">Mensa Bonsu</a>, Asantehene (1874–1883)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asante_Civil_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asante Civil War (page does not exist)">Civil War period</a>, (1883–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaku_Dua_II" title="Kwaku Dua II">Kwaku Dua II</a>, Asantehene (1884)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Owusu_Kofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owusu Kofi (page does not exist)">Owusu Kofi</a>, Interim Council Chairman (1884)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akyampon_Panyin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akyampon Panyin (page does not exist)">Akyampon Panyin</a>, Interim Council Chairman (1884–1887)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Owusu_Sekyere_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owusu Sekyere II (page does not exist)">Owusu Sekyere II</a>, Regent (1887–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prempeh_I" title="Prempeh I">Prempeh I</a>, Asantehene (1888–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fante_Confederacy" title="Fante Confederacy">Fante Confederacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Fante_Confederation" title="List of rulers of the Fante Confederation">complete list</a>) –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1821–1957</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Guinea</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_of_Futa_Jallon" title="Imamate of Futa Jallon">Imamate of Futa Jallon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Rulers_of_Futa_Jallon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Rulers of Futa Jallon (page does not exist)">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahima_Sori_Dongolfella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahima Sori Dongolfella (page does not exist)">Ibrahima Sori Dongolfella</a>, Almami (?–1890)</li> <li>Bokar Biro's elder brother, Almami (1890–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokar_Biro" title="Bokar Biro">Bokar Biro</a>, Almami (?–1892)</li> <li>Amadu, Almami (1892–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokar_Biro" title="Bokar Biro">Bokar Biro</a>, Almami (1894–1896)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou Empire</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samori_Ture" title="Samori Ture">Samori Ture</a>, Faama (1878–1898)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guinea" title="French Guinea">French Guinea</a> <small>part of <a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1894–1958</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Guinea-Bissau</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaabu" title="Kaabu">Kaabu</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janke_Waali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janke Waali (page does not exist)">Janke Waali</a>, ruler (1867)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1474–1951</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> under Southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Ivory Coast</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyaaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyaaman">Gyaaman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Akan_state_of_Gyaaman" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Akan state of Gyaaman">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Kwadwo Agyeman, Gyaamanhene (1850–1895)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ivory_Coast#French_colonial_era" title="History of Ivory Coast">French Ivory Coast</a> <small>part of <a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1893–1960</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Liberia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Maryland" title="Republic of Maryland">Republic of Maryland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Maryland#Governors_of_Maryland-in-Africa" title="Republic of Maryland">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Russwurm" title="John Brown Russwurm">John Brown Russwurm</a>, Governor (1836–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ford_McGill" title="Samuel Ford McGill">Samuel Ford McGill</a>, acting Governor (1851–1852), Governor (1852–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Prout" title="William A. Prout">William A. Prout</a>, Governor (1854–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Jenkins_Drayton" title="Boston Jenkins Drayton">Boston Jenkins Drayton</a>, Governor (1856–1857)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Liberia#List" title="President of Liberia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jenkins_Roberts" title="Joseph Jenkins Roberts">Joseph Jenkins Roberts</a>, President (1848–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Allen_Benson" title="Stephen Allen Benson">Stephen Allen Benson</a>, President (1856–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bashiel_Warner" title="Daniel Bashiel Warner">Daniel Bashiel Warner</a>, President (1864–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Spriggs_Payne" title="James Spriggs Payne">James Spriggs Payne</a>, President (1868–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Roye" title="Edward James Roye">Edward James Roye</a>, President (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Skivring_Smith" title="James Skivring Smith">James Skivring Smith</a>, President (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jenkins_Roberts" title="Joseph Jenkins Roberts">Joseph Jenkins Roberts</a>, President (1872–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Spriggs_Payne" title="James Spriggs Payne">James Spriggs Payne</a>, President (1876–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_W._Gardiner" title="Anthony W. Gardiner">Anthony W. Gardiner</a>, President (1878–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Francis_Russell" title="Alfred Francis Russell">Alfred Francis Russell</a>, President (1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_R._W._Johnson" title="Hilary R. W. Johnson">Hilary R. W. Johnson</a>, President (1884–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_James_Cheeseman" title="Joseph James Cheeseman">Joseph James Cheeseman</a>, President (1892–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Coleman_(politician)" title="William D. Coleman (politician)">William D. Coleman</a>, President (1896–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garretson_W._Gibson" title="Garretson W. Gibson">Garretson W. Gibson</a>, President (1900–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Mali</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaarta" title="Kaarta">Kaarta</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamady_Kandian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamady Kandian (page does not exist)">Mamady Kandian</a>, Fama (?–1854)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almany_Niamody&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almany Niamody (page does not exist)">Almany Niamody</a>, Fama (?–1878)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toucouleur_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Toucouleur Empire">Toucouleur Empire</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Hadj_Umar_Tall" class="mw-redirect" title="El Hadj Umar Tall">El Hadj Umar Tall</a>, ruler (1850–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidiani_Tall" title="Tidiani Tall">Tidiani Tall</a>, ruler (1864–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadu_Tall" title="Ahmadu Tall">Ahmadu Tall</a>, ruler (1890–1892)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9n%C3%A9dougou_Kingdom" title="Kénédougou Kingdom">Kénédougou Kingdom</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansa_Douala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansa Douala (page does not exist)">Mansa Douala</a>, Faama (?–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieba_Traor%C3%A9" title="Tieba Traoré">Tieba Traoré</a>, Faama (1876–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babemba_Traor%C3%A9" title="Babemba Traoré">Babemba Traoré</a>, Faama (1893–1898)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massina_Empire" title="Massina Empire">Massina Empire</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadu_II_of_Masina" title="Amadu II of Masina">Amadu II</a>, Almami (1845–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadu_III_of_Masina" title="Amadu III of Masina">Amadu III</a>, Almami (1852–1862)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">French Sudan</a> <small>part of <a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1880–1958</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Mauritania</i> </p><p><i>Niger</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Damagaram" title="Sultanate of Damagaram">Sultanate of Damagaram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Damagaram#Sultans_of_Damagaram" title="Sultanate of Damagaram">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ibrahim, Sultan (1843–1851)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dendi_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendi Kingdom">Dendi Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Askiya_dynasty" title="Askiya dynasty">Askiya dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Askiya_dynasty#skiya_dynasty_of_the_Dendi_Kingdom" title="Askiya dynasty">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Koïzé Babba, Askiya (1845–1864)</li> <li>Koïzé Babba Baki, Askiya (1864–1865)</li> <li>Ouankoÿ, Askiya (1865–1868)</li> <li>Biyo Birma, Askiya (1868–1882)</li> <li>Doauda, Askiya (1882–1887)</li> <li>Malla, Askiya (1887–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dosso_Kingdom" title="Dosso Kingdom">Dosso Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dosso_Kingdom#Rulers_chronology" title="Dosso Kingdom">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Zarmakoy Kassam/Kossom Baboukabiya, King (1856–1865)</li> <li>Zarmakoy Abdou Kyantou Baba, King (1865–1890)</li> <li>Zarmakoy Alfa Atta, King (1890–1897)</li> <li>Zarmakoy Attikou, King (1897–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zabarima_(emirate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabarima (emirate)">Zabarima</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanno_of_Zabarima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanno of Zabarima (page does not exist)">Hanno</a>, Emir (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazari" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazari">Gazari</a>, Emir (?–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babatu_(warlord)" title="Babatu (warlord)">Babatu</a>, Warlord (1878–?)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Nigeria</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa Emirate</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Hamidu bi Adama, Regent (1847–?)</li> <li>Muhammadu Lawal, Baban-Lamido (1847–1872)</li> <li>Umaru Sanda, Baban-Lamido (1872–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubayru_bi_Adama" class="mw-redirect" title="Zubayru bi Adama">Zubayru bi Adama</a>, Baban-Lamido (1890–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akwa_Akpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Akwa Akpa">Akwa Akpa</a> (Old Calabar)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Effiom Okoho Asibong I Ekpo Minika, King (1849–1852)</li> <li>Ededem Effiom II, King (1852–1858)</li> <li>Eyo Asibong II, King (1859–1872)</li> <li>Edem Asibong III Eyamba VIII, King (1872–1879)</li> <li>Orok Edem Eyamba IX, King (1880–1896)</li> <li>Eyo Etinyin, King (c.1896–c.1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aro_Confederacy" title="Aro Confederacy">Aro Confederacy</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okoro_Idozuka" title="Okoro Idozuka">Okoro Idozuka</a>, leader (19th-century)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bonny" title="Kingdom of Bonny">Kingdom of Bonny</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Opubo Annie Pepple the Great, King (1792–1828)</li> <li>Adumtaye-Bereibibo Adapa Bristol-Alagbariya, King (1828–1830)</li> <li>William Dappa Pepple I, King (1830–1854, 1861–1866)</li> <li>Dapu Fubara II Pepple, King (1854–1855)</li> <li>Regency (1855–1861)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>under British protectorate from 1886–1914</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Oruigbiji_Pepple" title="George Oruigbiji Pepple">George Oruigbiji Pepple</a>, King (1866–1883, 1887–1888)</li> <li>Waribo, Regent (1888–1892)</li> <li>Ate, Regent (1892–1914)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu)</a>: <i>House of Kanemi</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umar_of_Borno" title="Umar of Borno">Umar</a>, Shehu (1837–1853, 1854–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_ar-Rahman_ibn_Muhammad_al-Amin" title="'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin">'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin</a>, Shehu (1853–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukar_Kura_of_Borno" title="Bukar Kura of Borno">Bukar Kura</a>, Shehu (1881–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Kura_of_Borno" title="Ibrahim Kura of Borno">Ibrahim Kura</a>, Shehu (c.1884–c.1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashimi_of_Borno" title="Ashimi of Borno">Ashimi</a>, Shehu (c.1884–c.1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyari_of_Borno" title="Kyari of Borno">Kyari</a>, Shehu (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanda_Wuduroma_of_Borno" title="Sanda Wuduroma of Borno">Sanda Wuduroma</a>, Shehu (1894)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borno_Emirate" title="Borno Emirate">Borno Emirate</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Empire</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanda_Wuduroma_of_Borno" title="Sanda Wuduroma of Borno">Sanda Wuduroma</a>, Shehu (1894)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egba_Ake" title="Egba Ake">Egba Ake</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Shomoye, Regent (1845–1846, 1862–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okukenu" title="Okukenu">Okukenu</a>, Regent (1846–1854), Alake (1854–1862)</li> <li>Ademola I, Alake (1869–1877)</li> <li>Oyekan, Alake (1879–1881)</li> <li>Oluwajin, Alake (1885–1889)</li> <li>Oshokalu, Alake (1891–1898)</li> <li>Gbadebo I, Alake (1898–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladapo_Ademola" title="Ladapo Ademola">Ladapo Samuel Ademola II</a>, Alake (1872–1962), in exile (1948–1950), ruler (1920–1962)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kano_Emirate" title="Kano Emirate">Kano Emirate</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Emirs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Kano#Emirs_of_Kano" title="List of rulers of Kano">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usman_(emir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usman (emir)">Usman I Maje Ringim dan Dabo</a>, Emir (1846–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_(emir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah (emir)">Abdullahi Maje Karofi dan Dabo</a>, Emir (1855–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Bello_(emir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Bello (emir)">Muhammadu Bello dan Dabo</a>, Emir (1883–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Tukur" title="Mohammed Tukur">Mohammed Tukur</a>, Emir (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyu_Babba" title="Aliyu Babba">Aliyu Babba</a>, Emir (1894–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Grand Viziers</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ahmadu Mai Shahada, Grand Vizier (1889–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilorin_Emirate" title="Ilorin Emirate">Ilorin Emirate</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Shita dan Salih Alimi, Emir (1842–1860)</li> <li>Zubayro dan Abdusalami, Emir (1860–1868)</li> <li>Shita Aliyu dan Shittu, Emir (1868–1891)</li> <li>Moma dan Zubayru, Emir (1891–1896)</li> <li>Sulaymanu dan Aliyu, Emir (1896–1914)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lagos" title="History of Lagos">Lagos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oba_of_Lagos#List_of_Obas_of_Lagos" title="Oba of Lagos">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosoko" title="Kosoko">Kosoko</a>, Oba (1845–1851)<sup id="cite_ref-adewunmielegbede_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adewunmielegbede-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google.com.br_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.com.br-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google.com.br1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.com.br1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosunmu" title="Dosunmu">Dosunmu</a>, Oba (1853–1862, becomes Lagos Colony)<sup id="cite_ref-adewunmielegbede_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adewunmielegbede-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google.com.br3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.com.br3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nembe_Kingdom" title="Nembe Kingdom">Nembe Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nembe_Kingdom#Rulers" title="Nembe Kingdom">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Kien Mingi VI, King (1846–1863)</li> <li>Joshua Constantine Ockiya Mingi VII, King (1863–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Koko_Mingi_VIII_of_Nembe" title="Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII of Nembe">Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII</a>, King (1889–1896)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nri" title="Kingdom of Nri">Kingdom of Nri</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Nri" title="List of rulers of Nri">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eze_Nri_%C3%88nwele%C3%A1na_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eze Nri Ènweleána I (page does not exist)">Ezimilo</a>, Eze Nri (1795–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eze_Nri_%C3%92bal%C3%ADke" title="Eze Nri Òbalíke">Òbalíke</a>, Eze Nri (1889–1911)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bida_Emirate" title="Bida Emirate">Nupe Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bida_Emirate#Rulers" title="Bida Emirate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usman_Zaki" title="Usman Zaki">Usuman Zaki dan Malam Dendo</a>, Etsu (1856–1859)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%27a_Saba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma'a Saba (page does not exist)">Masaba dan Malam Dendo</a>, Etsu (1859–1873)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umaru_Majigi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umaru Majigi (page does not exist)">Umaru Majigi dan Muhamman Majigi</a>, Etsu (1873–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki dan Usman Zaki</a>, Etsu (1884–1895)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_dan_Masaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bakr dan Masaba (page does not exist)">Abu Bakr dan Masaba</a>, Etsu (1895–1897, 1899–1901)</li> <li>Muhammadu dan Umaru Majigi, Etsu (1897–1899)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opobo" title="Opobo">Opobo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opobo#Rulers" title="Opobo">complete list</a>)–</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaja_of_Opobo" title="Jaja of Opobo">Jaja</a>), ruler (1870–1887)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Perekule, chairman Council of Chiefs (1887–1891)</li> <li>Cookey Gam, political agent (1891–1893)</li> <li>Obiesigha Jaja II (Frederick Sunday), King (1893–1915)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Oyo" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atiba_Atobatele" title="Atiba Atobatele">Atiba Atobatele</a>, Alaafin (1837–1859)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adelu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adelu (page does not exist)">Adelu</a>, Alaafin (1859–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeyemi_I_Alowolodu" title="Adeyemi I Alowolodu">Adeyemi I Alowolodu</a>, Alaafin (1876–1888), Oba (1888–1896)</li></ul></dd> <dd><i>vassal to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: 1888–1896</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Sultans (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Sokoto" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Sokoto">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Atiku" title="Abdur Rahman Atiku">Abdur Rahman Atiku</a>, Sultan (1891–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Grand viziers (<a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Grand_Vizier" title="Sokoto Grand Vizier">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammadu_al-Bukhari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammadu al-Bukhari (page does not exist)">Muhammadu al-Bukhari</a>, Grand Vizier (1890–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suleja_Emirate" title="Suleja Emirate">Suleja Emirate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Suleja_Emirate#List_of_rulers" title="Suleja Emirate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Jatau "Abu Ja", Emir (1825–1851)</li> <li>Abu Kwaka "Dogon Sarki", Emir (1851–1877)</li> <li>Ibrahim "Iyalai" "Dodon Gwari", Emir (1877–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yauri_Emirate" title="Yauri Emirate">Yauri Emirate</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ya`quba dan Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki, Emir (1849–1850)</li> <li>Sulaymanu Dan Addo dan Ibrahimu, Emir (1850–1871)</li> <li>Abd Allahi Gallo dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1871–1888)</li> <li>Abd Allahi Abarshi dan 'Ali dan Yerima, Emir (1888–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Coast_Protectorate" title="Niger Coast Protectorate">Oil Rivers Protectorate/ Niger Coast Protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1884–1893/ 1893–1900</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_Colony" title="Lagos Colony">Lagos Colony</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1821–1957</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria Protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1900–1914</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria Protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1900–1914</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Senegal</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baol" title="Baol">Baol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joof_family#Royalty" title="Joof family">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Tanor Ngone Jeng, Teigne (1890–1894)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayor" title="Cayor">Cayor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Damel" title="Damel">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Maysa Tènde Jor Samba Fal, Damel (1832–1855)</li> <li>Birima Ngone Latir Fal, Damel (1855–1860)</li> <li>Ma-Kodu Kumba Yande Fal, Damel (1860–1861)</li> <li>Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal, Damel (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lat_Jor" title="Lat Jor">Lat Jor</a> Ngone Latir Jop, Damel (1862–1864)</li> <li>Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal, Damel (1864–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lat_Jor" title="Lat Jor">Lat Jor</a> Ngone Latir Jop, Damel (1871–1882)</li> <li>Amari Ngone Fal, Damel (1883)</li> <li>Samba Laobe Fal, Damel (1883–1886)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_of_Futa_Toro" title="Imamate of Futa Toro">Imamate of Futa Toro</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Rulers_of_Futa_Toro" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Rulers of Futa Toro">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>unknown Almaami (1804–1859)</li></ul></dd> <dd><i>Vassal of the Toucouleur Empire, 1861–1877</i> <ul><li>Mustafa, Almaami (1859–1868)</li> <li>Ahmadu Sego, Almaami (1868–1875)</li> <li>Abdul Bu Bakar, Almaami (1875–1877)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jolof" title="Kingdom of Jolof">Kingdom of Jolof</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Jolof_Empire" title="List of rulers of the Jolof Empire">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birayamb_Ma-Dyigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birayamb Ma-Dyigen (page does not exist)">Birayamb Ma-Dyigen</a>, Buur-ba (1850–1855)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Buri_Peya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Buri Peya (page does not exist)">al-Buri Peya</a>, Buur-ba (1855–1856)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakan-Tam_Yaago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakan-Tam Yaago (page does not exist)">Bakan-Tam Yaago</a>, Buur-ba (1856–1858)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taanor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taanor (page does not exist)">Taanor</a>, Buur-ba (1858–1863)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakan-Tam_Khaari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakan-Tam Khaari (page does not exist)">Bakan-Tam Khaari</a>, Buur-ba (1863–1871)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amadu_Seeku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amadu Seeku (page does not exist)">Amadu Seeku</a>, Buur-ba (1871–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboury_Ndiaye" title="Alboury Ndiaye">Alboury Ndiaye</a>, Buur-ba (1875–1890)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saloum" title="Saloum">Saloum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maad_Saloum" title="Maad Saloum">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Balleh N'Gougou N'Dao (or Ballé Khordia Ndao), Maad Saloum (1825–1853)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bala Adam Njie, Maad Saloum (1853–1856)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kumba N'Dama Mbodj, Maad Saloum (1856–1859)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Samba Laobe Latsouka Fall), Maad Saloum (1859–1864)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Kingdom of Sine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig" title="Maad a Sinig">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Ama_Joof_Gnilane_Faye_Joof" title="Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof">Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof</a>, Maad a Sinig (1825–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Famak_Joof" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof">Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof</a>, Maad a Sinig (1853–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof">Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof</a>, Maad a Sinig (1898–1924)</li> <li>M'Backeh Kodu Njie, Maad a Sinig (1884–1885)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waalo" title="Waalo">Waalo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waalo#List_of_Kings" title="Waalo">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6_Mboj_Maalik_Mboj" title="Mö Mboj Maalik Mboj">Mö Mboj Maalik Mboj</a>, King (1840–1855)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Senegal#French_period" title="History of Senegal">French Senegal</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a>) (1848–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Federation of colonies, 1895–1958</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Sierra Leone</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Koya" title="Kingdom of Koya">Kingdom of Koya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Obai" class="mw-redirect" title="Obai">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Moribu Kindo, Bai (1840–1859)</li> <li>Kanta, Bai (1859–1872)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate">Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate</a>, British colony (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony and protectorate, 1808–1961</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Togo</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Togoland" title="Togoland">German Togoland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Protectorate, 1884–1916</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> under central Europe</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Americas">Americas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas:_Caribbean">Americas: Caribbean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Americas: Caribbean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Antigua</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_Antigua" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of Antigua">Colonial Antigua</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1632–1981</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>The Bahamas</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Bahamas" title="List of governors of the Bahamas">Colony of the Bahamas</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1648–1973</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Barbados</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Colonial Barbados</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1625–1966</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Cuba</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Captaincy General of Cuba</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Spain" title="List of heads of state of Spain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Spanish Colony, 1607–1898</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see Spain in southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Dominica</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dominica" title="History of Dominica">British Dominica</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British Colony, 1763–1978</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Colonial Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British Colony, 1763–1979</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Dominican Republic</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Republic_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Republic (Dominican Republic)">First Dominican Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Dominican Republic">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">Buenaventura Báez</a>, President (1849–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Pedro Santana</a>, President (1853–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Regla_Mota" title="Manuel de Regla Mota">Manuel de Regla Mota</a>, President (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">Buenaventura Báez</a>, President (1856–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Desiderio_Valverde" title="José Desiderio Valverde">José Desiderio Valverde</a>, President (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Pedro Santana</a>, President (1858–1861)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Republic_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Republic (Dominican Republic)">Second Dominican Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Dominican Republic">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Antonio_Pimentel" title="Pedro Antonio Pimentel">Pedro Antonio Pimentel</a>, President (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Cabral" title="José María Cabral">José María Cabral</a>, Supreme Chief (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Guillermo" title="Pedro Guillermo">Pedro Guillermo</a>, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">Buenaventura Báez</a>, President (1865–1866)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Antonio_Pimentel" title="Pedro Antonio Pimentel">Pedro Antonio Pimentel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Luper%C3%B3n" title="Gregorio Luperón">Gregorio Luperón</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Garc%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico de Jesús García (page does not exist)">Federico de Jesús García</a>, Triumvirate (1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Cabral" title="José María Cabral">José María Cabral</a>, President (1866–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Altagracia_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Manuel Altagracia Cáceres">Manuel Altagracia Cáceres</a>, President (1868)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Hungr%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Antonio Hungría (page does not exist)">José Antonio Hungría</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Antonio_G%C3%B3mez_B%C3%A1ez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Antonio Gómez Báez (page does not exist)">Francisco Antonio Gómez Báez</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ram%C3%B3n_Luciano_y_Franco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Ramón Luciano y Franco (page does not exist)">José Ramón Luciano y Franco</a>, Junta of Generals (1868)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">Buenaventura Báez</a>, President (1868–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">Ignacio María González</a>, Supreme Chief (1874)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">Ignacio María González</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Altagracia_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Manuel Altagracia Cáceres">Manuel Altagracia Cáceres</a>, Generals-in-Chief (1874)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">Ignacio María González</a>, President (1874–1876)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Tom%C3%A1s_Garrido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Tomás Garrido (page does not exist)">Pedro Tomás Garrido</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_de_Jes%C3%BAs_de_Castro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José de Jesús de Castro (page does not exist)">José de Jesús de Castro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Pablo_de_Bonilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Pablo de Bonilla (page does not exist)">Pedro Pablo de Bonilla</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bautista_Zafra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Bautista Zafra (page does not exist)">Juan Bautista Zafra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pablo_L%C3%B3pez_Villanueva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pablo López Villanueva (page does not exist)">Pablo López Villanueva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Peynado" title="Jacinto Peynado">Jacinto Peynado</a>, Council of Secretaries of State (1876)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Francisco_Espaillat" title="Ulises Francisco Espaillat">Ulises Francisco Espaillat</a>, President (1876)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pablo_L%C3%B3pez_Villanueva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pablo López Villanueva (page does not exist)">Pablo López Villanueva</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Caminero_Mat%C3%ADas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Caminero Matías (page does not exist)">José Caminero Matías</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Esteban_Ariza_Matos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Esteban Ariza Matos (page does not exist)">Juan Esteban Ariza Matos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fidel_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Urdaneta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fidel Rodríguez Urdaneta (page does not exist)">Fidel Rodríguez Urdaneta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Eduardo_de_Castro_%C3%81lvarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José de Jesús Eduardo de Castro Álvarez (page does not exist)">José de Jesús Eduardo de Castro Álvarez</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bautista_Zafra_y_Miranda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Bautista Zafra y Miranda (page does not exist)">Juan Bautista Zafra y Miranda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Tom%C3%A1s_Garrido_Matos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Tomás Garrido Matos (page does not exist)">Pedro Tomás Garrido Matos</a>, Superior Governing Junta (1876)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">Ignacio María González</a>, Supreme Chief (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Antonio_Cabral" title="Marcos Antonio Cabral">Marcos Antonio Cabral</a>, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">Buenaventura Báez</a>, President (1876–1878)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Cabral" title="José María Cabral">José María Cabral</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joaqu%C3%ADn_Montol%C3%ADo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joaquín Montolío (page does not exist)">Joaquín Montolío</a>, Council of Secretaries of State (1878)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesareo_Guillermo" title="Cesareo Guillermo">Cesareo Guillermo</a>, President (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">Ignacio María González</a>, President (1878)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Ulises Heureaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ces%C3%A1reo_Guillermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesáreo Guillermo">Cesáreo Guillermo</a>, People's Military Chiefs (1878)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_de_Castro" title="Jacinto de Castro">Jacinto de Castro</a>, Acting President (1878)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ces%C3%A1reo_Guillermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesáreo Guillermo">Cesáreo Guillermo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Angulo_Guridi" title="Alejandro Angulo Guridi">Alejandro Angulo Guridi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Maria_Aristy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Maria Aristy (page does not exist)">Pedro Maria Aristy</a>, Council of Secretaries of State (1878–1879)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesareo_Guillermo" title="Cesareo Guillermo">Cesareo Guillermo</a>, President (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Luper%C3%B3n" title="Gregorio Luperón">Gregorio Luperón</a>, President (1879–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Arturo_de_Meri%C3%B1o" title="Fernando Arturo de Meriño">Fernando Arturo de Meriño</a>, President (1880–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Ulises Heureaux</a>, President (1882–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Gregorio_Billini" title="Francisco Gregorio Billini">Francisco Gregorio Billini</a>, President (1884–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil" title="Alejandro Woss y Gil">Alejandro Woss y Gil</a>, President (1885–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Ulises Heureaux</a>, President (1887–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Gautier" title="Manuel María Gautier">Manuel María Gautier</a>, Acting President (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Ulises Heureaux</a>, President (1889–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslao_Figuereo" title="Wenceslao Figuereo">Wenceslao Figuereo</a>, President (1899)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1s_Demetrio_Morales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomás Demetrio Morales (page does not exist)">Tomás Demetrio Morales</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C3%ADstides_Pati%C3%B1o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arístides Patiño (page does not exist)">Arístides Patiño</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrique_Henr%C3%ADquez_y_Alfau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrique Henríquez y Alfau (page does not exist)">Enrique Henríquez y Alfau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaime_R._Vidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaime R. Vidal (page does not exist)">Jaime R. Vidal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Braulio_%C3%81lvarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braulio Álvarez (page does not exist)">Braulio Álvarez</a>, Council of Secretaries of State (1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Cestero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariano Cestero (page does not exist)">Mariano Cestero</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lvaro_Logro%C3%B1o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Álvaro Logroño (page does not exist)">Álvaro Logroño</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C3%ADstides_Pati%C3%B1o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arístides Patiño (page does not exist)">Arístides Patiño</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Mar%C3%ADa_Mej%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro María Mejía (page does not exist)">Pedro María Mejía</a>, Council of Secretaries of State (1899)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Horacio Vásquez">Horacio Vásquez</a>, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Isidro_Jimenes_Pereyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra">Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra</a>, President (1899–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Haiti</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second Empire of Haiti</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Haiti" title="List of heads of state of Haiti">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faustin_Soulouque" title="Faustin Soulouque">Faustin Soulouque</a>, President (1847–1849), Emperor (1849–1859)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1859%E2%80%931957)" title="Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)">Second Haitian Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Haiti" title="List of heads of state of Haiti">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabre_Geffrard" title="Fabre Geffrard">Fabre Geffrard</a>, President (1859–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Nissage_Saget" title="Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget">Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget</a>, Provisional President (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Salnave" title="Sylvain Salnave">Sylvain Salnave</a>, President (1867–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Nissage_Saget" title="Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget">Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget</a>, President (1869–1874)</li> <li><i>Council of Secretaries of State</i> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Domingue" title="Michel Domingue">Michel Domingue</a>, President (1874–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Th%C3%A9oma_Boisrond-Canal" title="Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal">Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal</a>, Provisional President (1876), President (1876–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lamothe" title="Joseph Lamothe">Joseph Lamothe</a>, Provisional President (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysius_Salomon" title="Lysius Salomon">Lysius Salomon</a>, President (1879–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Th%C3%A9oma_Boisrond-Canal" title="Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal">Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal</a>, Provisional President (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Denys_L%C3%A9gitime" title="François Denys Légitime">François Denys Légitime</a>, President (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monpoint_Jeune" title="Monpoint Jeune">Monpoint Jeune</a>, Provisional President (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florvil_Hyppolite" title="Florvil Hyppolite">Florvil Hyppolite</a>, President (1889–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tir%C3%A9sias_Simon_Sam" title="Tirésias Simon Sam">Tirésias Simon Sam</a>, President (1896–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Netherlands</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of monarchs of the Netherlands">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Dutch colony 1634–1828, 1845–1954</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Saint Kitts and Nevis</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla" title="Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla">Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1882–1983</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Saint Lucia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_Saint_Lucia" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of Saint Lucia">Colonial Saint Lucia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1802–1979</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Trinidad and Tobago</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#British_period" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Colonial Trinidad and Tobago</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1797–1962</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Principality of Trinidad</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Harden-Hickey" title="James Harden-Hickey">James I</a>, Prince (1893–1895)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas:_Central">Americas: Central</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Americas: Central"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Belize</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belize_(1506%E2%80%931862)" title="History of Belize (1506–1862)">Black River Settlements</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1749–1862</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras/ Colonial Belize</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1862–1981</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Costa Rica</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Costa_Rican_Republic" title="First Costa Rican Republic">First Costa Rican Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Costa_Rica" title="List of presidents of Costa Rica">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rafael_Mora_Porras" title="Juan Rafael Mora Porras">Juan Mora Porras</a>, President (1849–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Montealegre" title="José María Montealegre">José María Montealegre Fernández</a>, President (1859–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Jim%C3%A9nez_Zamora" title="Jesús Jiménez Zamora">Jesús Jiménez Zamora</a>, President (1863–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Castro_Madriz" title="José María Castro Madriz">José Castro Madriz</a>, President (1866–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Jim%C3%A9nez_Zamora" title="Jesús Jiménez Zamora">Jesús Jiménez Zamora</a>, President (1868–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Carranza" title="Bruno Carranza">Bruno Carranza Ramírez</a>, President (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Guardia_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez">Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez</a>, President (1870–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniceto_Esquivel_S%C3%A1enz" title="Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz">Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz</a>, President (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Herrera_Zeled%C3%B3n" title="Vicente Herrera Zeledón">Vicente Herrera Zeledón</a>, President (1876–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Guardia_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez">Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez</a>, President (1877–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturnino_Lizano_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez">Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez</a>, President (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3spero_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Oreamuno" title="Próspero Fernández Oreamuno">Próspero Fernández Oreamuno</a>, President (1882–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Soto_Alfaro" title="Bernardo Soto Alfaro">Bernardo Soto Alfaro</a>, President (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zeled%C3%B3n" title="José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón">José Rodríguez Zeledón</a>, President (1890–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Yglesias_Castro" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Yglesias Castro">Rafael Yglesias Castro</a>, President (1894–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>El Salvador</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doroteo_Vasconcelos" title="Doroteo Vasconcelos">Doroteo Vasconcelos</a>, President (1850–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_F%C3%A9lix_Quir%C3%B3s" title="José Félix Quirós">José Félix Quirós</a>, Acting President (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Due%C3%B1as" title="Francisco Dueñas">Francisco Dueñas</a>, President (1851–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José María San Martín">José María San Martín</a>, Acting President (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Due%C3%B1as" title="Francisco Dueñas">Francisco Dueñas</a>, President (1852–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_G%C3%B3mez_(politician)" title="Vicente Gómez (politician)">Vicente Gómez</a>, Acting President (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José María San Martín">José María San Martín</a>, President (1854–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Due%C3%B1as" title="Francisco Dueñas">Francisco Dueñas</a>, Acting President (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Campo" title="Rafael Campo">Rafael Campo</a>, President (1856–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Zepeda" title="Lorenzo Zepeda">Lorenzo Zepeda</a>, Acting President (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Sant%C3%ADn_del_Castillo" title="Miguel Santín del Castillo">Miguel Santín del Castillo</a>, President (1858–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Eufrasio_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán">Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán</a>, Acting President (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Peralta" title="José María Peralta">José María Peralta</a>, Acting President (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Barrios" title="Gerardo Barrios">Gerardo Barrios</a>, President (1859–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Due%C3%B1as" title="Francisco Dueñas">Francisco Dueñas</a>, President (1863–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago González (politician)">Santiago González</a>, President (1871–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_del_Valle" title="Andrés del Valle">Andrés del Valle</a>, President (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Zald%C3%ADvar" title="Rafael Zaldívar">Rafael Zaldívar</a>, President (1876–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Francisco Menéndez">Francisco Menéndez</a>, President (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ezeta" title="Carlos Ezeta">Carlos Ezeta</a>, President (1890–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Antonio_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez">Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez</a>, President (1894–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Regalado_(Salvadoran_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomás Regalado (Salvadoran politician)">Tomás Regalado</a>, President (1898–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Guatemala</i> </p> <ul><li>Republic of <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Guatemala" title="President of Guatemala">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Paredes_(Guatemala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariano Paredes (Guatemala)">Mariano Peredes</a>, Acting President (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Carrera" title="Rafael Carrera">Rafael Carrera</a>, President (1851–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Aycinena_y_Pi%C3%B1ol" title="Pedro de Aycinena y Piñol">Pedro de Aycinena y Piñol</a>, Acting President (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Cerna_Sandoval" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicente Cerna Sandoval">Vicente Cerna Sandoval</a>, President (1865–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Garc%C3%ADa_Granados" title="Miguel García Granados">Miguel García Granados</a>, President (1871–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justo_Rufino_Barrios" title="Justo Rufino Barrios">Justo Rufino Barrios</a>, President (1873–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_M._Sinibaldi" title="Alejandro M. Sinibaldi">Alejandro M. Sinibaldi</a>, Acting President (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Barillas" title="Manuel Barillas">Manuel Barillas</a>, President (1885–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Reina_Barrios" title="José María Reina Barrios">José María Reina Barrios</a>, President (1892–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Estrada_Cabrera" title="Manuel Estrada Cabrera">Manuel Estrada Cabrera</a>, President (1898–1920)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Honduras</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Honduras">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Lindo" title="Juan Lindo">Juan Lindo</a>, President (1847–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_G%C3%B3mez_(acting_president)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Gómez (acting president)">Francisco Gómez</a>, Acting President (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Trinidad_Caba%C3%B1as" title="José Trinidad Cabañas">José Trinidad Cabañas</a>, President (1852–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Santiago_Bueso" title="José Santiago Bueso">José Santiago Bueso</a>, Acting President (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Aguilar_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco de Aguilar (politician)">Francisco de Aguilar</a>, Acting President (1855–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Santos_Guardiola" title="José Santos Guardiola">José Santos Guardiola</a>, President (1856–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_Montes" class="mw-redirect" title="José Francisco Montes">José Francisco Montes</a>, Acting President (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoriano_Castellanos" title="Victoriano Castellanos">Victoriano Castellanos</a>, Acting President (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_Montes" class="mw-redirect" title="José Francisco Montes">José Francisco Montes</a>, Acting President (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Medina" title="José María Medina">José María Medina</a>, Acting President (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Inestroza" title="Francisco Inestroza">Francisco Inestroza</a>, Acting President (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Cruz_Castro" title="Francisco Cruz Castro">Francisco Cruz Castro</a>, Provisional President (1869–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Medina" title="José María Medina">José María Medina</a>, President (1864–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9leo_Arias" title="Céleo Arias">Céleo Arias</a>, Provisional President (1872–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponciano_Leiva" title="Ponciano Leiva">Ponciano Leiva</a>, President (1874–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Mej%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelino Mejía">Marcelino Mejía</a>, Provisional President (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescencio_G%C3%B3mez" title="Crescencio Gómez">Crescencio Gómez</a>, Provisional President (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Medina" title="José María Medina">José María Medina</a>, Provisional President (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Aurelio_Soto" title="Marco Aurelio Soto">Marco Aurelio Soto</a>, President (1876–1883)</li> <li>Council of Ministers, (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bogr%C3%A1n" title="Luis Bográn">Luis Bográn</a>, President (1883–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponciano_Leiva" title="Ponciano Leiva">Ponciano Leiva</a>, President (1891–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_V%C3%A1squez" title="Domingo Vásquez">Domingo Vásquez</a>, President (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policarpo_Bonilla" title="Policarpo Bonilla">Policarpo Bonilla</a>, President (1894–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terencio_Sierra" title="Terencio Sierra">Terencio Sierra</a>, President (1899–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Nicaragua</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito Coast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast#Miskito_Kings" title="Mosquito Coast">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Frederic_II" title="George Augustus Frederic II">George Augustus Frederic II</a>, King (1842–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Clarence" title="William Henry Clarence">William Henry Clarence</a>, Hereditary Chief (1865–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Albert_Hendy" title="George William Albert Hendy">George William Albert Hendy</a>, Hereditary Chief (1879–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hendy" title="Andrew Hendy">Andrew Hendy</a>, Hereditary Chief (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Charles_Frederick" title="Jonathan Charles Frederick">Jonathan Charles Frederick</a>, Hereditary Chief (1889–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Clarence" title="Robert Henry Clarence">Robert Henry Clarence</a>, Hereditary Chief (1890–1894)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norberto_Ram%C3%ADrez_%C3%81reas" class="mw-redirect" title="Norberto Ramírez Áreas">Norberto Ramírez Áreas</a>, Supreme Director (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justo_Abaunza_y_Mu%C3%B1oz_de_Avil%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés">Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés</a>, Acting Supreme Director (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Laureano_Pineda_Ugarte" class="mw-redirect" title="José Laureano Pineda Ugarte">José Laureano Pineda Ugarte</a>, Supreme Director (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justo_Abaunza_y_Mu%C3%B1oz_de_Avil%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés">Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés</a>, Acting Supreme Director (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Laureano_Pineda_Ugarte" class="mw-redirect" title="José Laureano Pineda Ugarte">José Laureano Pineda Ugarte</a>, Supreme Director, <i>in dissidence</i> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_del_Montenegro" title="José Francisco del Montenegro">José Francisco del Montenegro</a>, Acting Supreme Director, <i>in rebellion</i> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Alfaro" title="José de Jesús Alfaro">José de Jesús Alfaro</a>, Supreme Director, <i>in rebellion</i> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Laureano_Pineda_Ugarte" class="mw-redirect" title="José Laureano Pineda Ugarte">José Laureano Pineda Ugarte</a>, Supreme Director, <i>in dissidence</i> (1851–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruto_Chamorro" title="Fruto Chamorro">Fruto Chamorro</a>, Supreme Director (1853–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruto_Chamorro" title="Fruto Chamorro">Fruto Chamorro</a>, President (1854–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estrada" title="José María Estrada">José María Estrada</a>, Acting President (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricio_Rivas" title="Patricio Rivas">Patricio Rivas</a>, Provisional President (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Walker_(filibuster)" title="William Walker (filibuster)">William Walker</a>, Usurper (1856–1857)</li> <li>Government Junta, President (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Tomás Martínez">Tomás Martínez</a>, President (1857–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Guzm%C3%A1n_Sol%C3%B3rzano" title="Fernando Guzmán Solórzano">Fernando Guzmán Solórzano</a>, President (1867–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Vicente_Cuadra" title="José Vicente Cuadra">José Vicente Cuadra</a>, President (1871–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Chamorro_Alfaro" title="Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro">Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro</a>, President (1875–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Zavala" title="Joaquín Zavala">Joaquín Zavala</a>, President (1879–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A1n_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Adán Cárdenas">Adán Cárdenas</a>, President (1883–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaristo_Carazo" title="Evaristo Carazo">Evaristo Carazo</a>, President (1887–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Osorno" title="Nicolás Osorno">Nicolás Osorno</a>, Acting President (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Sacasa" title="Roberto Sacasa">Roberto Sacasa</a>, Acting President (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Ch%C3%A1vez_(President_of_Nicaragua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignacio Chávez (President of Nicaragua)">Ignacio Chaves López</a>, President (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Sacasa" title="Roberto Sacasa">Roberto Sacasa</a>, President (1891–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Machado" title="Salvador Machado">Salvador Machado</a>, Acting President (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Zavala" title="Joaquín Zavala">Joaquín Zavala</a>, Acting President (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Santos_Zelaya" title="José Santos Zelaya">José Santos Zelaya</a>, President (1893–1909)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas:_North">Americas: North</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Americas: North"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Canada</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Colony" title="Newfoundland Colony">Newfoundland Colony</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1610–1907</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1841–1867</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_monarchs" title="List of Canadian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a>, Queen (1867–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Canada">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a>, Prime minister (1867–1873, 1878–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Alexander Mackenzie</a>, Prime minister (1873–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Abbott" title="John Abbott">John Abbott</a>, Prime minister (1891–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparrow_David_Thompson" title="John Sparrow David Thompson">John Sparrow David Thompson</a>, Prime minister (1892–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Mackenzie Bowell</a>, Prime minister (1894–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Charles Tupper</a>, Prime minister (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier</a>, Prime minister (1896–1911)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Mexico</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Federal_Republic_of_Mexico" title="Second Federal Republic of Mexico">Second Federal Republic of Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mexico" title="List of heads of state of Mexico">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaqu%C3%ADn_de_Herrera" title="José Joaquín de Herrera">José Joaquín de Herrera</a>, President (1848–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Arista" title="Mariano Arista">Mariano Arista</a>, President (1851–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Ceballos" title="Juan Bautista Ceballos">Juan Bautista Ceballos</a>, President (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Lombardini" title="Manuel María Lombardini">Manuel María Lombardini</a>, President (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna" title="Antonio López de Santa Anna">Santa Anna</a>, Dictator-President (1853–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Carrera" title="Martín Carrera">Martín Carrera</a>, President (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_D%C3%ADaz_de_la_Vega" title="Rómulo Díaz de la Vega">Rómulo Díaz de la Vega</a>, President (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_%C3%81lvarez" title="Juan Álvarez">Juan Álvarez</a>, President (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Comonfort" title="Ignacio Comonfort">Ignacio Comonfort</a>, President (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Benito Juárez</a>, President (1857–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Comonfort" title="Ignacio Comonfort">Ignacio Comonfort</a>, President (1857–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Mar%C3%ADa_Zuloaga" title="Félix María Zuloaga">Félix María Zuloaga</a>, Interim President (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Robles_Pezuela" title="Manuel Robles Pezuela">Manuel Robles Pezuela</a>, Provisional President (1858–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mariano_Salas" title="José Mariano Salas">José Mariano Salas</a>, Provisional President (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Miram%C3%B3n" title="Miguel Miramón">Miguel Miramón</a>, Substitute President (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ignacio_Pav%C3%B3n" title="José Ignacio Pavón">José Ignacio Pavón</a>, Substitute President (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Miram%C3%B3n" title="Miguel Miramón">Miguel Miramón</a>, Provisional President (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Mar%C3%ADa_Zuloaga" title="Félix María Zuloaga">Félix María Zuloaga</a>, Provisional President (1860–1862)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sonora" title="Republic of Sonora">Republic of Sonora</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Walker_(filibuster)" title="William Walker (filibuster)">William Walker</a>, President (1853–1854)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Second Mexican Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mexico" title="List of heads of state of Mexico">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Almonte" title="Juan Almonte">Juan Almonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mariano_Salas" title="José Mariano Salas">José Mariano Salas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelagio_Antonio_de_Labastida_y_D%C3%A1valos" title="Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos">Pelagio Antonio de Labastida</a>, Regents of the Mexican Empire (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico" title="Maximilian I of Mexico">Maximilian I</a>, Emperor (1864–1867)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">United Mexican States</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mexico" title="List of heads of state of Mexico">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Benito Juárez</a>, President (1857–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Lerdo_de_Tejada" title="Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada">Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada</a>, President (1872–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Iglesias" title="José María Iglesias">José María Iglesias</a>, President (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a>, President (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Nepomuceno_M%C3%A9ndez" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Nepomuceno Méndez">Juan Nepomuceno Méndez</a>, President (1876–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a>, President (1877–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Flores" title="Manuel González Flores">Manuel González Flores</a>, President (1880–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a>, President (1884–1911)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>United States</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>, President (1850–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>, President (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a>, President (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, President (1861–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>, President (1865–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, President (1869–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a>, President (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a>, President (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a>, President (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>, President (1885–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a>, President (1889–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>, President (1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>, President (1897–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_(1794%E2%80%931907)" title="Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)">Cherokee Nation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Principal_Chiefs_of_the_Cherokee" title="List of Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Cherokee_chief)" title="John Ross (Cherokee chief)">John Ross</a>, Principal Chief (1828–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_Watie" title="Stand Watie">Stand Watie</a>, dissident Chief (1862–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Ross" title="William P. Ross">William P. Ross</a>, Principal Chief (1866–1867, 1872–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Downing" title="Lewis Downing">Lewis Downing</a>, Principal Chief (1867–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thompson_(Cherokee_Chief)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Thompson (Cherokee Chief)">Charles Thompson</a>, Principal Chief (1875–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Bushyhead" title="Dennis Bushyhead">Dennis Bushyhead</a>, Principal Chief (1879–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_B._Mayes" title="Joel B. Mayes">Joel B. Mayes</a>, Principal Chief (1887–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Harris" title="Johnson Harris">Johnson Harris</a>, Principal Chief (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Houston_Mayes" title="Samuel Houston Mayes">Samuel Houston Mayes</a>, Principal Chief (1895–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Buffington" title="Thomas Buffington">Thomas Buffington</a>, Principal Chief (1899–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>, President (1862–1865)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas:_South">Americas: South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Americas: South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Argentina</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Confederation" title="Argentine Confederation">Argentine Confederation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Argentina" title="List of heads of state of Argentina">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a>, Provisional Director (1852–1854), President (1854–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Derqui" title="Santiago Derqui">Santiago Derqui</a>, President (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Esteban_Pedernera" title="Juan Esteban Pedernera">Juan Esteban Pedernera</a>, President (1861)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Argentina" title="List of heads of state of Argentina">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre" title="Bartolomé Mitre">Bartolomé Mitre</a>, President (1862–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Faustino_Sarmiento" title="Domingo Faustino Sarmiento">Domingo Faustino Sarmiento</a>, President (1868–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Avellaneda" title="Nicolás Avellaneda">Nicolás Avellaneda</a>, President (1874–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Argentino_Roca" title="Julio Argentino Roca">Julio Argentino Roca</a>, President (1880–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Ju%C3%A1rez_Celman" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Juárez Celman">Miguel Juárez Celman</a>, President (1886–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Pellegrini" title="Carlos Pellegrini">Carlos Pellegrini</a>, President (1890–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_S%C3%A1enz_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Luis Sáenz Peña">Luis Sáenz Peña</a>, President (1892–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Evaristo_Uriburu" title="José Evaristo Uriburu">José Evaristo Uriburu</a>, President (1895–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Argentino_Roca" title="Julio Argentino Roca">Julio Argentino Roca</a>, President (1898–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Bolivia</i> </p> <ul><li>Republic of <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Bolivia" title="President of Bolivia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Isidoro_Belzu" title="Manuel Isidoro Belzu">Manuel Isidoro Belzu</a>, Provisional President (1848–1850), President (1850–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_C%C3%B3rdova" title="Jorge Córdova">Jorge Córdova</a>, President (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Linares" title="José María Linares">José María Linares</a>, Provisional President (1857–1858), Dictator for Life (1858–1861)</li> <li>Government Junta, Members: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruperto_Fern%C3%A1ndez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruperto Fernández (page does not exist)">Ruperto Fernández</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Ach%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="José María Achá">José María Achá</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Antonio_S%C3%A1nchez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Antonio Sánchez (page does not exist)">Manuel Antonio Sánchez</a> (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Ach%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="José María Achá">José María Achá</a>, Provisional President (1861–1862), President (1862–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Melgarejo" title="Mariano Melgarejo">Mariano Melgarejo</a>, Provisional President (1864–1870), President (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Morales" title="Agustín Morales">Agustín Morales</a>, Supreme Chief of the Revolution (1871), Provisional President (1871–1872), President (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Fr%C3%ADas_Ametller" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomás Frías Ametller">Tomás Frías Ametller</a>, President (1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Ballivi%C3%A1n" title="Adolfo Ballivián">Adolfo Ballivián</a>, President (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Fr%C3%ADas_Ametller" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomás Frías Ametller">Tomás Frías Ametller</a>, President (1874–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilari%C3%B3n_Daza" title="Hilarión Daza">Hilarión Daza</a>, President (1876–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Jos%C3%A9_Domingo_de_Guerra" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro José Domingo de Guerra">Pedro José Domingo de Guerra</a>, President (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narciso_Campero" title="Narciso Campero">Narciso Campero</a>, President (1880–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Pacheco" title="Gregorio Pacheco">Gregorio Pacheco</a>, President (1884–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniceto_Arce" title="Aniceto Arce">Aniceto Arce</a>, President (1888–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Baptista" title="Mariano Baptista">Mariano Baptista</a>, President (1892–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severo_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Severo Fernández">Severo Fernández</a>, President (1896–1899)</li> <li>Government Junta, Members: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Pando" title="José Manuel Pando">José Manuel Pando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serapio_Reyes_Ortiz" title="Serapio Reyes Ortiz">Serapio Reyes Ortiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macario_Pinilla_Vargas" class="mw-redirect" title="Macario Pinilla Vargas">Macario Pinilla Vargas</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Pando" title="José Manuel Pando">José Manuel Pando</a>, President (1899–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Brazil</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Brazil" title="List of monarchs of Brazil">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II</a>, Emperor (1831–1889)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Brazilian_Republic" title="First Brazilian Republic">First Brazilian Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Brazil">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deodoro_da_Fonseca" title="Deodoro da Fonseca">Deodoro da Fonseca</a>, President (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriano_Peixoto" title="Floriano Peixoto">Floriano Peixoto</a>, President (1891–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudente_de_Morais" title="Prudente de Morais">Prudente de Morais</a>, President (1894–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ferraz_de_Campos_Sales" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales">Campos Sales</a>, President (1898–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Acre" title="Republic of Acre">Republic of Acre</a> (<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_governadores_do_Acre" class="extiw" title="pt:Lista de governadores do Acre">pt:complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_G%C3%A1lvez_Rodr%C3%ADgues_de_Arias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Gálvez Rodrígues de Arias (page does not exist)">Luis Gálvez Rodrígues de Arias</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_G%C3%A1lvez_Rodr%C3%ADgues_de_Arias" class="extiw" title="pt:Luis Gálvez Rodrígues de Arias">pt</a>]</span>, President (1899–1900, 1900)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Sousa_Braga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antônio de Sousa Braga (page does not exist)">Antônio de Sousa Braga</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Sousa_Braga" class="extiw" title="pt:Antônio de Sousa Braga">pt</a>]</span>, President (1900)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joaquim_V%C3%ADtor_da_Silva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joaquim Vítor da Silva (page does not exist)">Joaquim Vítor da Silva</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquim_V%C3%ADtor_da_Silva" class="extiw" title="pt:Joaquim Vítor da Silva">pt</a>]</span>, President (1900)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Chile</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Republic" title="Conservative Republic">Conservative Republic</a> of Chile (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Chile" title="List of presidents of Chile">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bulnes" title="Manuel Bulnes">Manuel Bulnes</a>, President (1841–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Montt" title="Manuel Montt">Manuel Montt</a>, President (1851–1861)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republic" title="Liberal Republic">Liberal Republic</a> of Chile (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Chile" title="List of presidents of Chile">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaqu%C3%ADn_P%C3%A9rez" title="José Joaquín Pérez">José Joaquín Pérez</a>, President (1861–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Err%C3%A1zuriz_Za%C3%B1artu" title="Federico Errázuriz Zañartu">Federico Errázuriz Zañartu</a>, President (1871–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Pinto" title="Aníbal Pinto">Aníbal Pinto</a>, President (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="Domingo Santa María">Domingo Santa María</a>, President (1881–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Balmaceda" title="José Manuel Balmaceda">José Manuel Balmaceda</a>, President (1886–1891)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile_during_the_Parliamentary_Era_(1891%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)">Parliamentary Era Chile</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Chile" title="List of presidents of Chile">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Montt" title="Jorge Montt">Jorge Montt</a>, President (1891–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Err%C3%A1zuriz_Echaurren" title="Federico Errázuriz Echaurren">Federico Errázuriz Echaurren</a>, President (1896–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Or%C3%A9lie-Antoine_de_Tounens" title="Orélie-Antoine de Tounens">Orélie-Antoine de Tounens</a>, King (1860–1862)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Colombia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_New_Granada" title="Republic of New Granada">Republic of New Granada</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Colombia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Hilario_L%C3%B3pez" title="José Hilario López">José Hilario López</a>, President (1849–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Obando" title="José María Obando">José María Obando</a>, President (1853–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Melo" title="José María Melo">José María Melo</a>, President (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Ospina_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Mariano Ospina Rodríguez">Mariano Ospina Rodríguez</a>, President (1857–1858)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granadine_Confederation" title="Granadine Confederation">Granadine Confederation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Colombia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Ospina_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Mariano Ospina Rodríguez">Mariano Ospina Rodríguez</a>, President (1858/1868–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Nieto_Gil" title="Juan José Nieto Gil">Juan José Nieto Gil</a>, President (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Calvo" title="Bartolomé Calvo">Bartolomé Calvo</a>, President (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Cipriano_de_Mosquera" title="Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera">Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera</a>, President (1861–1863, 1863–1864)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Colombia" title="United States of Colombia">United States of Colombia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Colombia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Cipriano_de_Mosquera" title="Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera">Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera</a>, President (1861–1863, 1863–1864, 1866–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Murillo_Toro" title="Manuel Murillo Toro">Manuel Murillo Toro</a>, President (1864–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Riascos" title="Joaquín Riascos">Joaquín Riascos</a>, President (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santos_Acosta" title="Santos Acosta">Santos Acosta</a>, President (1867–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santos_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Santos Gutiérrez">Santos Gutiérrez</a>, President (1868–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustorgio_Salgar" title="Eustorgio Salgar">Eustorgio Salgar</a>, President (1870–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Murillo_Toro" title="Manuel Murillo Toro">Manuel Murillo Toro</a>, President (1872–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_P%C3%A9rez_de_Manosalbas" title="Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas">Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas</a>, President (1874–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquileo_Parra" title="Aquileo Parra">Aquileo Parra</a>, President (1876–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Trujillo_Largacha" title="Julián Trujillo Largacha">Julián Trujillo Largacha</a>, President (1878–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Núñez (politician)">Rafael Núñez</a>, President (1880–1882, 1884–1886, 1886–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Zald%C3%BAa" title="Francisco Javier Zaldúa">Francisco Javier Zaldúa</a>, President (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADmaco_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Clímaco Calderón">Clímaco Calderón</a>, President (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eusebio_Otalora" title="José Eusebio Otalora">José Eusebio Otalora</a>, President (1882–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezequiel_Hurtado" title="Ezequiel Hurtado">Ezequiel Hurtado</a>, President (1884)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Republic of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Colombia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Núñez (politician)">Rafael Núñez</a>, President (1880–1882, 1884–1886, 1886–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Antonio_Caro" title="Miguel Antonio Caro">Miguel Antonio Caro</a>, President (1894–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Antonio_Sanclemente" title="Manuel Antonio Sanclemente">Manuel Antonio Sanclemente</a>, President (1898–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="José Manuel Marroquín">José Manuel Marroquín</a>, President (1900–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Ecuador</i> </p> <ul><li>Republic of <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of heads of state of Ecuador">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Noboa" title="Diego Noboa">Diego Noboa</a>, Interim President (1850–1851), President (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Urvina" title="José María Urvina">José María Urvina</a>, Jéfe Supremo (1851–1852), President (1852–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Robles" title="Francisco Robles">Francisco Robles</a>, President (1856–1859)</li> <li>Provisional Government of Quito, Members: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_Moreno" title="Gabriel García Moreno">Gabriel García Moreno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Carri%C3%B3n" title="Jerónimo Carrión">Jerónimo Carrión</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pl%C3%A1cido_Chiriboga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plácido Chiriboga (page does not exist)">Plácido Chiriboga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Carvajal" title="Rafael Carvajal">Rafael Carvajal</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li>Government of Cuenca, Leaders: <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Carri%C3%B3n" title="Jerónimo Carrión">Jerónimo Carrión</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Robles" title="Francisco Robles">Francisco Robles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Franco_(Ecuadorian_general)" title="Guillermo Franco (Ecuadorian general)">Guillermo Franco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Borrero" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramón Borrero">Ramón Borrero</a> (1859)</li> <li>Supreme Leadership of Guayas, Leader: <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Franco_(Ecuadorian_general)" title="Guillermo Franco (Ecuadorian general)">Guillermo Franco</a> (1859–1860)</li> <li>Federal Government of Loja, Leader: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Carri%C3%B3n_Pinzano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Carrión Pinzano (page does not exist)">Manuel Carrión Pinzano</a> (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_Moreno" title="Gabriel García Moreno">Gabriel García Moreno</a>, Interim President (1861), President (1861–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Carvajal" title="Rafael Carvajal">Rafael Carvajal</a>, Acting President (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Carri%C3%B3n" title="Jerónimo Carrión">Jerónimo Carrión</a>, President (1865–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Jos%C3%A9_de_Arteta" title="Pedro José de Arteta">Pedro José de Arteta</a>, Acting President (1867–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Javier_Espinosa" title="Juan Javier Espinosa">Javier Espinosa</a>, President (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_Moreno" title="Gabriel García Moreno">Gabriel García Moreno</a>, Interim President (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Asc%C3%A1subi" title="Manuel de Ascásubi">Manuel de Ascásubi</a>, Interim President (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_Moreno" title="Gabriel García Moreno">Gabriel García Moreno</a>, President (1869–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Le%C3%B3n_Franco" title="Francisco León Franco">Francisco Xavier León</a>, Interim President (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Javier_Eguiguren" title="José Javier Eguiguren">José Javier Eguiguren</a>, Interim President (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Borrero" title="Antonio Borrero">Antonio Borrero</a>, President (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_de_Veintemilla" title="Ignacio de Veintemilla">Ignacio de Veintemilla</a>, Jéfe Supremo (1876–1878), President (1878–1882), Jéfe Supremo (1882–1883)</li> <li>Pentevirato Quiteño, Members: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pl%C3%A1cido_Caama%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="José María Plácido Caamaño">José María Plácido Caamaño</a>, Luis Cordero, Agustín Guerrero, Pedro Lizarzaburu, Rafael Pérez Pareja (1883)</li> <li>Supreme Leadership of Manabí and Esmeraldas, Leader: <a href="/wiki/Eloy_Alfaro" title="Eloy Alfaro">Eloy Alfaro</a> (1883)</li> <li>Supreme Leadership of Guayas, Leader: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Carbo" title="Pedro Carbo">Pedro Carbo</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pl%C3%A1cido_Caama%C3%B1o" title="José Plácido Caamaño">José Plácido Caamaño</a>, Interim President (1883–1884), President (1884–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Jos%C3%A9_Cevallos" title="Pedro José Cevallos">Pedro José Cevallos</a>, Acting President (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Flores_Jij%C3%B3n" title="Antonio Flores Jijón">Antonio Flores Jijón</a>, President (1888–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Cordero_Crespo" title="Luis Cordero Crespo">Luis Cordero Crespo</a>, President (1892–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Lucio_Salazar" title="Vicente Lucio Salazar">Vicente Lucio Salazar</a>, Acting President (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloy_Alfaro" title="Eloy Alfaro">Eloy Alfaro</a>, Jéfe Supremo (1895–1896), Interim President (1896–1897), President (1897–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Guyana</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1814–1966</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Paraguay</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Paraguay" title="History of Paraguay">Republic of Paraguay</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Paraguay" title="President of Paraguay">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Antonio_L%C3%B3pez" title="Carlos Antonio López">Carlos Antonio López</a>, President (1844–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Solano_L%C3%B3pez" title="Francisco Solano López">Francisco Solano López</a>, President (1862–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirilo_Antonio_Rivarola" title="Cirilo Antonio Rivarola">Cirilo Antonio Rivarola</a>, President (1869–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facundo_Macha%C3%ADn" title="Facundo Machaín">Facundo Machaín</a>, Acting President (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirilo_Antonio_Rivarola" title="Cirilo Antonio Rivarola">Cirilo Antonio Rivarola</a>, President (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Jovellanos" title="Salvador Jovellanos">Salvador Jovellanos</a>, President (1871–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Gill" title="Juan Bautista Gill">Juan Bautista Gill</a>, President (1874–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higinio_Uriarte" title="Higinio Uriarte">Higinio Uriarte</a>, President (1877–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ndido_Bareiro" title="Cándido Bareiro">Cándido Bareiro</a>, President (1878–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Caballero" title="Bernardino Caballero">Bernardino Caballero</a>, President (1880–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricio_Escobar" title="Patricio Escobar">Patricio Escobar</a>, President (1886–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gualberto_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Juan Gualberto González">Juan Gualberto González</a>, President (1890–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Mor%C3%ADnigo" title="Marcos Morínigo">Marcos Morínigo</a>, President (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Egusquiza" title="Juan Bautista Egusquiza">Juan Bautista Egusquiza</a>, President (1894–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aceval" title="Emilio Aceval">Emilio Aceval</a>, President (1898–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Peru</i> </p> <ul><li>Republic of <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Peru">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Castilla" title="Ramón Castilla">Ramón Castilla</a>, President (1845–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rufino_Echenique" title="José Rufino Echenique">José Rufino Echenique</a>, President (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Castilla" title="Ramón Castilla">Ramón Castilla</a>, President (1855–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_San_Rom%C3%A1n" title="Miguel de San Román">Miguel de San Román</a>, President (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Castilla" title="Ramón Castilla">Ramón Castilla</a>, President (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Diez_Canseco" title="Pedro Diez Canseco">Pedro Diez Canseco</a>, President (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Pezet" title="Juan Antonio Pezet">Juan Antonio Pezet</a>, President (1863–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Ignacio_Prado" title="Mariano Ignacio Prado">Mariano Ignacio Prado</a>, President (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Pezet" title="Juan Antonio Pezet">Juan Antonio Pezet</a>, President (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Diez_Canseco" title="Pedro Diez Canseco">Pedro Diez Canseco</a>, President (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Ignacio_Prado" title="Mariano Ignacio Prado">Mariano Ignacio Prado</a>, President (1865–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Diez_Canseco" title="Pedro Diez Canseco">Pedro Diez Canseco</a>, Interim caretaker (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Balta" title="José Balta">José Balta</a>, President (1868–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Tomás Gutiérrez">Tomás Gutiérrez</a>, Supreme Leader of the Nation (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Diez_Canseco" title="Francisco Diez Canseco">Francisco Diez Canseco</a>, President (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Herencia_Zevallos" title="Mariano Herencia Zevallos">Mariano Herencia Zevallos</a>, President (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Pardo_(politician)" title="Manuel Pardo (politician)">Manuel Pardo</a>, President (1872–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Ignacio_Prado" title="Mariano Ignacio Prado">Mariano Ignacio Prado</a>, President (1876–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Pi%C3%A9rola" title="Nicolás de Piérola">Nicolás de Piérola</a>, Commander in Chief of the State (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Garc%C3%ADa_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Francisco García Calderón">Francisco García Calderón</a>, Provisional President of the Republic (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizardo_Montero_Flores" title="Lizardo Montero Flores">Lizardo Montero Flores</a>, Provisional President of the Republic (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Iglesias" title="Miguel Iglesias">Miguel Iglesias</a>, Regenerator President of the Republic (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Arenas" title="Antonio Arenas">Antonio Arenas</a>, President of the Government Junta (1885–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Avelino_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Andrés Avelino Cáceres">Andrés Avelino Cáceres</a>, Constitutional President (1886–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remigio_Morales_Berm%C3%BAdez" title="Remigio Morales Bermúdez">Remigio Morales Bermúdez</a>, Constitutional President (1890–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justiniano_Borgo%C3%B1o" title="Justiniano Borgoño">Justiniano Borgoño</a>, President of the Government Junta (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Avelino_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Andrés Avelino Cáceres">Andrés Avelino Cáceres</a>, Constitutional President (1894–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Candamo" title="Manuel Candamo">Manuel Candamo</a>, President of the Government Junta (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Pi%C3%A9rola" title="Nicolás de Piérola">Nicolás de Piérola</a>, Constitutional President (1895–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_L%C3%B3pez_de_Roma%C3%B1a" title="Eduardo López de Romaña">Eduardo López de Romaña</a>, Constitutional President (1899–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Suriname</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Dutch Surinam</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of monarchs of the Netherlands">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Dutch colony 1667–1954</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Uruguay</i> </p> <ul><li>Oriental Republic of <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Uruguay">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Oribe" title="Manuel Oribe">Manuel Oribe</a>, Disputed with Joaquín Suárez (1843–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Joaquín Suárez">Joaquín Suárez</a>, Acting, Disputed with Manuel Oribe (1841–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Berro" title="Bernardo Berro">Bernardo Berro</a>, Acting (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Francisco_Gir%C3%B3" title="Juan Francisco Giró">Juan Francisco Giró</a>, President (1852–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Lavalleja" title="Juan Antonio Lavalleja">Juan Antonio Lavalleja</a>, Triumvir, President (1853) (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fructuoso_Rivera" title="Fructuoso Rivera">Fructuoso Rivera</a>, Triumvir (1853–1859), President (1853–1854) (1853–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venancio_Flores" title="Venancio Flores">Venancio Flores</a>, Triumvir, President, disputed (1854–1855) (1853–1854)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Mar%C3%ADa_Lamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis María Lamas (page does not exist)">Luis María Lamas</a>, Acting President, disputed (1855)</li> <li>Manuel Basilio Bustamante, Acting President (1855–1856)</li> <li>José María Piá, Acting President (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Antonio_Pereira" title="Gabriel Antonio Pereira">Gabriel Antonio Pereira</a>, President (1856–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Berro" title="Bernardo Berro">Bernardo Berro</a>, President (1860–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atanasio_Aguirre" title="Atanasio Aguirre">Atanasio Aguirre</a>, Acting President (1864–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Villalba" title="Tomás Villalba">Tomás Villalba</a>, Acting President (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venancio_Flores" title="Venancio Flores">Venancio Flores</a>, Acting President (1865–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Varela" title="Pedro Varela">Pedro Varela</a>, Acting President (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Batlle_y_Grau" title="Lorenzo Batlle y Grau">Lorenzo Batlle y Grau</a>, President (1868–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Gomensoro_Alb%C3%ADn" title="Tomás Gomensoro Albín">Tomás Gomensoro Albín</a>, Acting President (1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eugenio_Ellauri" title="José Eugenio Ellauri">José Eugenio Ellauri</a>, President (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Varela" title="Pedro Varela">Pedro Varela</a>, President (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Latorre" title="Lorenzo Latorre">Lorenzo Latorre</a>, President (1876–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Antonino_Vidal" title="Francisco Antonino Vidal">Francisco Antonino Vidal</a>, President (1880–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_Santos" title="Máximo Santos">Máximo Santos</a>, President (1882–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Antonino_Vidal" title="Francisco Antonino Vidal">Francisco Antonino Vidal</a>, President (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_Santos" title="Máximo Santos">Máximo Santos</a>, President (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_Tajes" title="Máximo Tajes">Máximo Tajes</a>, President (1886–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Herrera_y_Obes" title="Julio Herrera y Obes">Julio Herrera y Obes</a>, President (1890–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Stewart_(Uruguayan_politician)" title="Duncan Stewart (Uruguayan politician)">Duncan Stewart</a>, Acting President (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Idiarte_Borda" title="Juan Idiarte Borda">Juan Idiarte Borda</a>, President (1894–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Lindolfo_Cuestas" title="Juan Lindolfo Cuestas">Juan Lindolfo Cuestas</a>, Acting President (1897–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Batlle_y_Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez" title="José Batlle y Ordóñez">José Batlle y Ordóñez</a>, Acting President (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Lindolfo_Cuestas" title="Juan Lindolfo Cuestas">Juan Lindolfo Cuestas</a>, President (1899–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Venezuela</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Venezuela" title="State of Venezuela">State of Venezuela</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Venezuela" title="List of presidents of Venezuela">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tadeo_Monagas" title="José Tadeo Monagas">José Tadeo Monagas</a>, President (1847–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gregorio_Monagas" title="José Gregorio Monagas">José Gregorio Monagas</a>, President (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tadeo_Monagas" title="José Tadeo Monagas">José Tadeo Monagas</a>, President (1855–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gual_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Gual Escandón">Pedro Gual Escandón</a>, Interim President (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Castro_(Venezuelan_president)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julián Castro (Venezuelan president)">Julián Castro</a>, President (1858–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gual_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Gual Escandón">Pedro Gual Escandón</a>, Interim President (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Felipe_de_Tovar" title="Manuel Felipe de Tovar">Manuel Felipe de Tovar</a>, President (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gual_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Pedro Gual Escandón">Pedro Gual Escandón</a>, Interim President (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez">José Antonio Páez</a>, President (1861–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Cris%C3%B3stomo_Falc%C3%B3n" title="Juan Crisóstomo Falcón">Juan Crisóstomo Falcón</a>, President (1863–1868)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Venezuela" title="United States of Venezuela">United States of Venezuela</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Venezuela" title="List of presidents of Venezuela">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Cris%C3%B3stomo_Falc%C3%B3n" title="Juan Crisóstomo Falcón">Juan Crisóstomo Falcón</a>, President (1863–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ezequiel_Bruzual" title="Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual">Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual</a>, Interim President (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Tell_Villegas" title="Guillermo Tell Villegas">Guillermo Tell Villegas</a>, Interim President (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ruperto_Monagas" title="José Ruperto Monagas">José Ruperto Monagas</a>, President (1869–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Tell_Villegas" title="Guillermo Tell Villegas">Guillermo Tell Villegas</a>, Interim President (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Blanco" title="Antonio Guzmán Blanco">Antonio Guzmán Blanco</a>, President (1870–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Linares_Alc%C3%A1ntara" title="Francisco Linares Alcántara">Francisco Linares Alcántara</a>, President (1877–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gregorio_Valera" title="José Gregorio Valera">José Gregorio Valera</a>, Interim President (1878–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Blanco" title="Antonio Guzmán Blanco">Antonio Guzmán Blanco</a>, President (1879–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Crespo" title="Joaquín Crespo">Joaquín Crespo</a>, President (1884–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Blanco" title="Antonio Guzmán Blanco">Antonio Guzmán Blanco</a>, President (1886–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%B3genes_L%C3%B3pez" title="Hermógenes López">Hermógenes López</a>, Interim President (1887–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Rojas_Pa%C3%BAl" title="Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl">Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl</a>, President (1888–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Andueza_Palacio" title="Raimundo Andueza Palacio">Raimundo Andueza Palacio</a>, President (1890–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Tell_Villegas" title="Guillermo Tell Villegas">Guillermo Tell Villegas</a>, Interim President (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Tell_Villegas_Pulido" title="Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido">Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido</a>, Interim President (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Crespo" title="Joaquín Crespo">Joaquín Crespo</a>, President (1892–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Andrade" title="Ignacio Andrade">Ignacio Andrade</a>, President (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipriano_Castro" title="Cipriano Castro">Cipriano Castro</a>, President (1899–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia:_Central">Asia: Central</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Asia: Central"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Kazakhstan</i> </p><p><i>Tibet</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Qing_rule" title="Tibet under Qing rule">Tibet under Qing rule</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="List of emperors of the Qing dynasty">Qing emperors</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dalai_Lamas" title="List of Dalai Lamas">Dalai Lamas</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Manchu overlordship, 1720–1912</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> under Eastern Asia</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Uzbekistan</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kokand" title="Khanate of Kokand">Khanate of Kokand</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khudayar_Khan" title="Muhammad Khudayar Khan">Muhammad Khudayar</a>, Khan (1845–1858)</li> <li>Muhammad Mallya Beg, Khan (1858–1862)</li> <li>Shah Murad, Khan (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khudayar_Khan" title="Muhammad Khudayar Khan">Muhammad Khudayar Khan</a> (1862–1865)</li> <li>Muhammad Sultan, Khan (1863–1865)</li> <li>Bil Bahchi, Khan (1865)</li> <li>Muhammad Sultah, Khan (1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khudayar_Khan" title="Muhammad Khudayar Khan">Muhammad Khudayar</a>, Khan (1866–1875)</li> <li>Nasir ad-Din Abdul Karin, Khan (1875)</li> <li>Muhammad Pulad Beg, Khan (1875–1875)</li> <li>Nasir ad-Din Abdul Karim, Khan (1875–1883)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva#Khans_of_Khiva_(1511–1920)" title="Khanate of Khiva">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur, Khan (1846–1855)</li> <li>Abdullah, Khan (1855)</li> <li>Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur, Khan (1855–1856)</li> <li>Mahmud, Khan (1856)</li> <li>Sayyid Muhammad, Khan (1856–1864)</li> <li>Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II., Khan (Feruz Khan), Khan (1864–1910)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Emirate of Bukhara</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasrullah_Khan_(Bukhara)" title="Nasrullah Khan (Bukhara)">Nasr-Allah bin Haydar Tora</a>, Amir (1827–1860)</li></ul></dd> <dd><i>Russian protectorate, 1873–1917</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_al-Din_bin_Nasr-Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzaffar al-Din bin Nasr-Allah">Muzaffar al-Din bin Nasr-Allah</a>, Amir (1860–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Ahad_Khan" title="'Abd al-Ahad Khan">Abdul-Ahad bin Muzaffar al-Din</a>, Amir (1885–1910)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Turkestan" title="Russian Turkestan">Russian Turkestan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian rulers">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Russian Krai, 1867–1918</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> under Eastern Europe</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia:_East">Asia: East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Asia: East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>China: Mainland</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="List of emperors of the Qing dynasty">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xianfeng_Emperor" title="Xianfeng Emperor">Xianfeng</a>, Emperor (1850–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongzhi_Emperor" title="Tongzhi Emperor">Tongzhi</a>, Emperor (1861–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangxu_Emperor" title="Guangxu Emperor">Guangxu</a>, Emperor (1875–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Heavenly_Kingdom" title="Taiping Heavenly Kingdom">Taiping Heavenly Kingdom</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong Xiuquan</a>, Heavenly King (1851–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Tianguifu" title="Hong Tianguifu">Hong Tianguifu</a>, Heavenly King (1864)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>China: Taiwan</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Formosa" title="Republic of Formosa">Republic of Formosa</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Jingsong" title="Tang Jingsong">Tang Jingsong</a>, President (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yongfu" title="Liu Yongfu">Liu Yongfu</a>, de facto President (1895)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Japan</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> of Japan</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperors</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Emperors of Japan">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Kōmei">Kōmei</a>, Emperor (1846–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji</a>, Emperor (1867–1912)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">Shōgun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate#List_of_Tokugawa_shoguns" title="Tokugawa shogunate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyoshi" title="Tokugawa Ieyoshi">Tokugawa Ieyoshi</a>, Shōgun (1837–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Iesada" title="Tokugawa Iesada">Tokugawa Iesada</a>, Shōgun (1853–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Iemochi" title="Tokugawa Iemochi">Tokugawa Iemochi</a>, Shōgun (1858–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu" title="Tokugawa Yoshinobu">Tokugawa Yoshinobu</a>, Shōgun (1867–1868)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperors</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Emperors of Japan">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji</a>, Emperor (1867–1912)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Japan">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Hirobumi" title="Itō Hirobumi">Itō Hirobumi</a>, Prime minister (1885–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuroda_Kiyotaka" title="Kuroda Kiyotaka">Kuroda Kiyotaka</a>, Prime minister (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanj%C5%8D_Sanetomi" title="Sanjō Sanetomi">Sanjō Sanetomi</a>, Acting Prime minister (1889–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Aritomo" title="Yamagata Aritomo">Yamagata Aritomo</a>, Prime minister (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsukata_Masayoshi" title="Matsukata Masayoshi">Matsukata Masayoshi</a>, Prime minister (1891–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Hirobumi" title="Itō Hirobumi">Itō Hirobumi</a>, Prime minister (1892–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuroda_Kiyotaka" title="Kuroda Kiyotaka">Kuroda Kiyotaka</a>, Acting Prime minister (1896–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsukata_Masayoshi" title="Matsukata Masayoshi">Matsukata Masayoshi</a>, Prime minister (1896–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Hirobumi" title="Itō Hirobumi">Itō Hirobumi</a>, Prime minister (1898–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuma_Shigenobu" title="Ōkuma Shigenobu">Ōkuma Shigenobu</a>, Prime minister (1898–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Aritomo" title="Yamagata Aritomo">Yamagata Aritomo</a>, Prime minister (1898–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Hirobumi" title="Itō Hirobumi">Itō Hirobumi</a>, Prime minister (1900–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Second_Sh%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Second Shō">Second Shō dynasty</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872</i></dd> <dd><i>Vassal state of the Empire of Japan, 1872–1879</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Tai" title="Shō Tai">Shō Tai</a>, King (1848–1879)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ezo" title="Republic of Ezo">Republic of Ezo</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enomoto_Takeaki" title="Enomoto Takeaki">Enomoto Takeaki</a>, President (1869)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Korea</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea#Joseon_dynasty" title="List of monarchs of Korea">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">Gojong</a>, King (1863–1897), Emperor (1897–1907)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea#Korean_Empire" title="List of monarchs of Korea">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">Gojong</a>, King (1863–1897), Emperor (1897–1907)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia:_Southeast">Asia: Southeast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Asia: Southeast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Brunei</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Bruneian Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_II" title="Omar Ali Saifuddin II">Omar Ali Saifuddin II</a>, Sultan (1828–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Momin" title="Abdul Momin">Abdul Momin</a>, Sultan (1852–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_Jalilul_Alam_Aqamaddin" title="Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin">Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin</a>, Sultan (1885–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei#British_intervention" title="Brunei">Protectorate of Brunei</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1888–1984</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_Jalilul_Alam_Aqamaddin" title="Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin">Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin</a>, Sultan (1885–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Cambodia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_ages_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark ages of Cambodia">Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia#Kingdom_of_Cambodia_(1431–1863)" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Duong" title="Ang Duong">Ang Duong</a>, King (1841–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norodom_of_Cambodia" title="Norodom of Cambodia">Norodom</a>, King (1860–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Protectorate_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="French Protectorate of Cambodia">French Protectorate of Cambodia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Cambodia" title="List of heads of state of Cambodia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Protectorate, 1863–1984, part of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> 1887–1953</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norodom_of_Cambodia" title="Norodom of Cambodia">Norodom</a>, King (1860–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Indonesia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of monarchs of the Netherlands">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Dutch colony 1800–1811, 1816–1949</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><small><i>Indonesia: Java</i></small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Cirebon" title="Sultanate of Cirebon">Sultanate of Cirebon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kraton_Kacirebonan" title="Kraton Kacirebonan">Kraton Kacirebonan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Java#Kraton_Kacirebonan" title="List of monarchs of Java">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Cirebon IV, Sultan (1808–1810)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Java#Bangkalan" title="List of monarchs of Java">Bangkalan</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Cakraningrat IX, Sultan (1847–1862)</li> <li>Cakraningrat X, Sultan (1862–1882)</li> <li>Cakraningrat XI, Sultan (1882–1885)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Java#Sumenep" title="List of monarchs of Java">Sumenep</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Paku Nataningrat, Sultan (1811–1854)</li> <li>Natakusuma, Sultan (1854–1879)</li> <li>Pangeran Pakunataningrat, Regent (1883–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Java#Pamekasan" title="List of monarchs of Java">Pamekasan</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Pangeran Aria Suriokusumo, Sultan (1842–1853)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surakarta_Sunanate" title="Surakarta Sunanate">Surakarta Sunanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Java#Surakarta" title="List of monarchs of Java">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_VII" title="Pakubuwono VII">Pakubuwono VII</a>, Sultan (1830–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_VIII" title="Pakubuwono VIII">Pakubuwono VIII</a>, Sultan (1858–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_IX" title="Pakubuwono IX">Pakubuwono IX</a>, Sultan (1861–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_X" title="Pakubuwono X">Pakubuwono X</a>, Sultan (1893–1939)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate" title="Yogyakarta Sultanate">Yogyakarta Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Java#Yogyakarta" title="List of monarchs of Java">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_V" title="Hamengkubuwono V">Hamengkubuwono V</a>, Sultan (1822–1826, 1828–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_VI" title="Hamengkubuwono VI">Hamengkubuwono VI</a>, Sultan (1855–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_VII" title="Hamengkubuwono VII">Hamengkubuwono VII</a>, Sultan (1877–1921)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mangkunegaran" title="Mangkunegaran">Mangkunegaran</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Java#Mangkunegaran" title="List of monarchs of Java">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Mangkunegara III, Sultan (1835–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangkunegara_IV" title="Mangkunegara IV">Mangkunegara IV</a>, Sultan (1853–1881)</li> <li>Mangkunegara V, Sultan (1881–1896)</li> <li>Mangkunegara VI, Sultan (1896–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Java#Kalibawang" title="List of monarchs of Java">Kalibawang</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Pangeran Adipati Natapraja, Sultan (1831–1853)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakualaman" title="Pakualaman">Pakualaman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Java#Pakualaman" title="List of monarchs of Java">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Pakualam II, Sultan (1829–1858)</li> <li>Pakualam III, Sultan (1858–1864)</li> <li>Pakualam IV, Sultan (1864–1878)</li> <li>Pakualam V, Sultan (1878–1900)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><small><i>Indonesia: Sumatra</i></small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate#Lineage" title="Aceh Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Sulaiman_Ali_Iskandar_Syah" title="Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah">Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah</a>, Sultan (1838–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Ibrahim_Mansur_Syah" title="Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah">Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah</a>, Sultan (1857–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Mahmud_Syah_II" title="Alauddin Mahmud Syah II">Alauddin Mahmud Syah II</a>, Sultan (1870–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Muhammad_Da%27ud_Syah_II" title="Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II">Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II</a>, Sultan (1874–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor#List_of_office_bearers" title="Sultan of Johor">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ali_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ali of Johor">Ali</a>, Sultan (1835–1855)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Deli" title="Sultanate of Deli">Sultanate of Deli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Deli#The_lineage_of_the_Sultans" title="Sultanate of Deli">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Amaluddin Mangendar, Sultan (1805–1850)</li> <li>Osman Perkasa Alam Shah, Sultan (1850–1858)</li> <li>Mahmud Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah, Sultan (1858–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ma%27mun_Al_Rashid_Perkasa_Alamyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah">Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah</a>, Sultan (1873–1924)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Langkat" title="Sultanate of Langkat">Sultanate of Langkat</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Haji Musa al-Khalid al-Mahadiah Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1840–1893)</li> <li>Abdul Aziz Abdul Jalil Rakhmat Shah, Sultan (1893–1927)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura" title="Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura">Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura#List_of_Sultans_of_Siak" title="Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ismail Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin, Sultan (1815–1854)</li> <li>al-Sayyid al-Sharif Qasim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin I, Sultan (Syarif Qasim I, 1864–1889)</li> <li>al-Sayyid al-Sharif Hashim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1889–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Serdang" title="Sultanate of Serdang">Sultanate of Serdang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Serdang#Rulers" title="Sultanate of Serdang">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Al-Marhum Besar, Sultan (1822–1851)</li> <li>Al-Marhum Kota Batu, Sultan (1851–1879)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Marhum_Perbaungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Marhum Perbaungan (page does not exist)">Al-Marhum Perbaungan</a>, Sultan (1879–1946)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riau-Lingga_Sultanate" title="Riau-Lingga Sultanate">Riau-Lingga Sultanate</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riau-Lingga_Sultanate#Sultans_of_Riau" title="Riau-Lingga Sultanate">Sultans</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_IV_Muzaffar_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud IV Muzaffar Shah (page does not exist)">Mahmud IV Muzaffar Shah</a>, Sultan (1842–1858)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulaiman_II_Badrul_Alam_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulaiman II Badrul Alam Shah (page does not exist)">Sulaiman II Badrul Alam Shah</a>, Sultan (1858–1883)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rahman_II_Muazzam_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rahman II Muazzam Shah (page does not exist)">Abdul Rahman II Muazzam Shah</a>, Sultan (1883–1911)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riau-Lingga_Sultanate#Yang_di-Pertuan_Muda_of_Riau" title="Riau-Lingga Sultanate">Yang di-Pertuan Muda</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ali bin Raja Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1844–1857)</li> <li>Haji Abdullah, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1857–1858)</li> <li>Muhammad Yusuf, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1858–1899)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Sultanate" title="Jambi Sultanate">Jambi Sultanate</a> – <dl><dd>Abdul Rahman Nazaruddin, Sultan (1841–1855)</dd> <dd>Thaha Safiuddin, Sultan (1855–1858, 1900–1904)</dd> <dd>Ahmad Nazaruddin, Sultan (1858–1881)</dd> <dd>Muhammad Muhieddin, Sultan (1881–1885)</dd> <dd>Ahmad Zainul Abidin, Sultan (1885–1899)</dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dd><small><i>Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)</i></small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Banjar" title="Sultanate of Banjar">Sultanate of Banjar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Banjar#List_of_Sultans_of_Banjar" title="Sultanate of Banjar">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Adam Al-Watsiq Billah, Sultan (1825–1857)</li> <li>Tamjidullah II al-Watsiqu Billah, Sultan (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidayatullah_II_of_Banjar" title="Hidayatullah II of Banjar">Hidayatullah II</a>, Sultan (1859–1860)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bulungan" title="Sultanate of Bulungan">Sultanate of Bulungan</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Muhammad Alimuddin Amirul Muminin Kahharuddin I, Sultan (1817–1861, 1866–1873)</li> <li>Muhammad Jalaluddin, Sultan (1861–1866)</li> <li>Muhammad Khalifatul Adil, Sultan (1873–1875)</li> <li>Muhammad Kahharuddin II, Sultan (1875–1889)</li> <li>Azimuddin, Sultan (1889–1899)</li> <li>Pengian Kesuma, Queen (1899–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanfang_Republic" title="Lanfang Republic">Lanfang Republic</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Liu Asheng, President (1848–1876)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Sultanate" title="Pontianak Sultanate">Pontianak Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Sultanate#List_of_sultans_of_Pontianak" title="Pontianak Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Syarif Osman Alkadrie, Sultan (1819–1855)</li> <li>Syarif Hamid Alkadrie, Sultan (1855–1872)</li> <li>Syarif Yusuf Alkadrie, Sultan (1872–1895)</li> <li>Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie, Sultan (1895–1944)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sambas" title="Sultanate of Sambas">Sultanate of Sambas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sambas#List_of_Rulers" title="Sultanate of Sambas">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II, Sultan (1846–1854)</li> <li>Umar Kamal ud-din, Sultan (1854–1866)</li> <li>Muhammad Shafi ud-din II, Sultan (1866–1924)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sintang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Sintang">Sultanate of Sintang</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Sri Paduka Muhammad Qamar ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'l Rashid Muhammad Jamal ud-din, Sultan (1796–1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Paduka_Sultan_Muhammad_Jamal_ud-din_II_ibni_al-Marhum_Sultan_Muhammad_Qamar_ud-din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Paduka Sultan Muhammad Jamal ud-din II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Qamar ud-din (page does not exist)">Sri Paduka Sultan Muhammad Jamal ud-din II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Qamar ud-din</a> Sultan (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panembahan_Kusuma_Negara_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panembahan Kusuma Negara I (page does not exist)">Panembahan Kusuma Negara I</a>, Panembahan (1855–1889)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panembahan_Kusuma_Negara_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panembahan Kusuma Negara II (page does not exist)">Panembahan Kusuma Negara II</a>, Panembahan (1889–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><small><i>Indonesia: Sulawesi</i></small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Gowa" title="Sultanate of Gowa">Sultanate of Gowa</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Abdul Kadir Moh Aidid, Sultan (1826–1893)</li> <li>Idris, Sultan (1893–1895)</li> <li>Husain, Sultan (1895–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luwu" class="mw-redirect" title="Luwu">Luwu</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>La Oddang Pero, Datu (1825–1854)</li> <li>Patipatau, Datu (1854–1880)</li> <li>We Addi Luwu, Datu (1880–1883)</li> <li>Iskandar Opu Daeng Pali', Datu (1883–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><small><i>Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands</i></small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Kingdom of Larantuka</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Lorenzo II, Raja (c.1886–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bima_Sultanate" title="Bima Sultanate">Bima Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bima_Sultanate#List_of_rulers" title="Bima Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ismail Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1817–1854)</li> <li>Abdullah, Sultan (1854–1868)</li> <li>Abdul Aziz, Sultan (1868–1881)</li> <li>Ibrahim, Sultan (1881–1915)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><small><i>Indonesia: West Timor</i></small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanatun" title="Amanatun">Amanatun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amanatun#List_of_rulers" title="Amanatun">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Loit Banu Naek, Raja (?–c.1899)</li> <li>Muti Banu Naek, Raja (c.1899–1915)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarasi" title="Amarasi">Amarasi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amarasi#Rulers" title="Amarasi">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Koroh Kefi, Raja (pre-1832–1853)</li> <li>Obe Koroh, Raja (1853–1871)</li> <li>Rasi Koroh, Raja (1872–1887, 1892–1914)</li> <li>Taku Obe, Raja (1888–1891)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amabi" title="Amabi">Amabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amabi#List_of_rulers" title="Amabi">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Osu II, Raja (1834–1859)</li> <li>Mano, Raja (1859–1883)</li> <li>Lelo, Raja (1884–1894)</li> <li>Kusa, Raja (1895–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonbai_Besar" title="Sonbai Besar">Sonbai Besar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sonbai_Besar#Rulers" title="Sonbai Besar">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Nai Sobe Sonbai II, Emperor (1808–1867))<sup id="cite_ref-royaltimor1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royaltimor1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nai Bau Sonbai, Emperor (1867–c.1885)</li> <li>Nai Nasu Mollo, co-Emperor (1870–1885)</li> <li>Nai Sobe Sonbai III, Emperor (1885–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonbai_Kecil" title="Sonbai Kecil">Sonbai Kecil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sonbai_Kecil#Rulers" title="Sonbai Kecil">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Meis Babkas Nisnoni, Raja (1839–1860)</li> <li>Pieter Messi Nisnoni, Raja (1860–1874)</li> <li>Isu Nisnoni, Raja (1875–1889)</li> <li>Said Meis Nisnoni, Raja (1890–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanuban" title="Amanuban">Amanuban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amanuban#List_of_rulers" title="Amanuban">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Baki, Raja (c.1824–1862)</li> <li>Sanu, Raja (1862–c.1870)</li> <li>Bil Nope, Raja (c.1870–1910)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><small><i>Indonesia: Maluku Islands</i></small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacan_Islands#History" title="Bacan Islands">Sultanate of Bacan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Maluku#Bacan" title="List of rulers of Maluku">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Dutch protectorate, 1667–1942</i> <ul><li>Muhammad Hayatuddin Kornabé, Sultan (1826–1861)</li> <li>Muhammad Sadik, Sultan (1862–1889)</li> <li>Muhammad Usman, Sultan (1900–1935)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Maluku#Jailolo" title="List of rulers of Maluku">Sultanate of Jailolo</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Dano Baba Hasan, Sultan (1875–1878)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Tidore" title="Sultanate of Tidore">Sultanate of Tidore</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Maluku#Tidore" title="List of rulers of Maluku">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Dutch protectorate, 1657–1905</i> <ul><li>Al-Mansur Sirajuddin, Sultan (1822–1856)</li> <li>Ahmad Saifuddin Alting, Sultan (1856–1865)</li> <li>Said Ahmad Fathuddin Syah, Sultan (1867–1892)</li> <li>Iskandar Sahajuhan, Sultan (1893–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate">Sultanate of Ternate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Maluku#Ternate" title="List of rulers of Maluku">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Dutch protectorate, 1683–1915</i> <ul><li>Muhammad Zain, Sultan (1823–1859)</li> <li>Muhammad Arsyad, Sultan (1859–1876)</li> <li>Ayanhar, Sultan (1879–1900)</li> <li>Muhammad Ilham/ Kolano Ara Rimoi, Sultan (1900–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Laos</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muang_Phuan" title="Muang Phuan">Muang Phuan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Laos#Principality_of_Xiang_Khouang_(Muang_Phuan)_(1707–1899)" title="List of monarchs of Laos">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po_(king_of_Muang_Phang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Po (king of Muang Phang) (page does not exist)">Po</a>, King (1848–1865), <i>vassal to Siam and Vietnam</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ung_(king_of_Muang_Phang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ung (king of Muang Phang) (page does not exist)">Ung</a>, King (1866–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanti">Khanti</a>, King (1876–1880), <i>vassal to Siam</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kham_Ngon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kham Ngon (page does not exist)">Kham Ngon</a>, King (1880–1899)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Champasak" title="Kingdom of Champasak">Kingdom of Champasak</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Laos#Kingdom_of_Champasak_(Bassac)_(1713–1904)" title="List of monarchs of Laos">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nark_of_Champasak" title="Nark of Champasak">Nark</a>, King (1841–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kham_Nai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham Nai">Kham Nai</a>, King (1856–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kham_Souk_of_Champasak" title="Kham Souk of Champasak">Kham Souk</a>, King (1863–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratsadanay" title="Ratsadanay">Ratsadanay</a>, King (1900–1904), Regional Governor (1904–1934)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Phrabang" title="Kingdom of Luang Phrabang">Kingdom of Luang Phrabang</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Laos#Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(1707–1946)" title="List of monarchs of Laos">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Soukhaseum, King (1838–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantharath" title="Chantharath">Chantharath</a>, King (1851–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oun_Kham" title="Oun Kham">Oun Kham</a>, King (1865–1893), King under Protectorate (1893–1895)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Protectorate_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="French Protectorate of Laos">French Protectorate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Phrabang" title="Kingdom of Luang Phrabang">Luang Phrabang</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Laos#Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(1707–1946)" title="List of monarchs of Laos">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Protectorate and constituent of French Indochina (1893–1953)</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oun_Kham" title="Oun Kham">Oun Kham</a>, King (1865–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakarine" title="Zakarine">Zakarine</a>, King (1895–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Malaysia</i> </p> <dl><dd><small><i>Peninsular Malaysia</i></small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Kedah Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate#List_of_rulers" title="Kedah Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zainal_Rashid_Al-Mu%27adzam_Shah_I_of_Kedah" title="Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I of Kedah">Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I</a>, Sultan, (1845–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Tajuddin_Mukarram_Shah_of_Kedah" title="Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah of Kedah">Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah</a>, Sultan, (1854–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainal_Rashid_Mu%27adzam_Shah_II_of_Kedah" title="Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II of Kedah">Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II</a>, Sultan, (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Halim_of_Kedah" title="Abdul Hamid Halim of Kedah">Abdul Hamid Halim Shah ll</a>, Sultan, (1881–1943)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan Sultanate">Kelantan Sultanate</a>: Patani dynasty (<a href="/wiki/Kelantan_Sultanate#List_of_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Muhammad_II_of_Kelantan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan Muhammad II of Kelantan (page does not exist)">Muhammad II</a>, Sultan (1835–1886)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Ahmad_of_Kelantan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan Ahmad of Kelantan (page does not exist)">Ahmad</a>, Sultan (1886–1890)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Muhammad_III_of_Kelantan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan Muhammad III of Kelantan (page does not exist)">Muhammad III Ibni Sultan Ahmad</a>, Sultan (1890–1891)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Mansur_of_Kelantan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan Mansur of Kelantan (page does not exist)">Mansur Ibni Sultan Ahmad</a>, Sultan (1891–1900)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Muhammad_IV_of_Kelantan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan Muhammad IV of Kelantan (page does not exist)">Muhammad IV Ibni Sultan Muhammad III</a>, Sultan (1900–1920)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perak_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Perak Sultanate">Perak Sultanate</a>: Siak dynasty (<a href="/wiki/Perak_Sultanate#List_of_Sultans_of_Perak" class="mw-redirect" title="Perak Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Shahabuddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1830–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Muhammad_Shah_I_of_Perak" title="Abdullah Muhammad Shah I of Perak">Abdullah Muhammad Shah I</a>, Sultan (1851–1857)</li> <li>Ja’afar Safiuddin Mu’azzam Shah, Sultan (1857–1865)</li> <li>Ali Al-Mukammal Inayat Shah, Sultan (1865–1871)</li> <li>Ismail Mu’abidin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1871–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Muhammad_Shah_II_of_Perak" title="Abdullah Muhammad Shah II of Perak">Abdullah Muhammad Shah II</a>, Sultan (1874–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Sharifuddin_Muzaffar_Shah_of_Perak" title="Yusuf Sharifuddin Muzaffar Shah of Perak">Yusuf Sharifuddin Muzaffar Shah</a>, Sultan (1886–1887), Regent (1877–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Murshidul_Azzam_Shah_of_Perak" title="Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah of Perak">Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah</a>, Sultan (1887–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Terengganu Sultanate">Terengganu Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Sultanate#List_of_office_bearers" class="mw-redirect" title="Terengganu Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Riayat_Shah_of_Terengganu" title="Omar Riayat Shah of Terengganu">Omar Riayat Shah</a>, co-Sultan (1831), Sultan (1839–1876)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Mustafa_Shah_of_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud Mustafa Shah of Terengganu (page does not exist)">Mahmud Mustafa Shah</a>, Sultan (1876–1877)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Muadzam_Shah_II_of_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Muadzam Shah II of Terengganu (page does not exist)">Ahmad Muadzam Shah II</a>, Sultan (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainal_Abidin_III_of_Terengganu" title="Zainal Abidin III of Terengganu">Zainal Abidin III</a>, Sultan (1881–1918)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selangor_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Selangor Sultanate">Selangor Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Selangor_Sultanate#List_of_Sultans_of_Selangor" class="mw-redirect" title="Selangor Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah_of_Selangor" title="Muhammad Shah of Selangor">Muhammad Shah</a>, Sultan (1826–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Samad_of_Selangor" title="Abdul Samad of Selangor">Abdul Samad</a>, Sultan (1857–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_of_Selangor" title="Sulaiman of Selangor">Sulaiman</a>, Sultan (1896–1937)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yamtuan_Besar#List_of_Yamtuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamtuan Besar">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radin_of_Negeri_Sembilan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radin of Negeri Sembilan (page does not exist)">Radin</a>, Yamtuan (1824–1861)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam_of_Negeri_Sembilan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imam of Negeri Sembilan (page does not exist)">Imam</a>, Yamtuan (1861–1869)</li> <li>Tengku Ampuan Intan, Regent (1869–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antah_of_Negeri_Sembilan" title="Antah of Negeri Sembilan">Antah</a>, Yamtuan (1875–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_of_Negeri_Sembilan" title="Muhammad of Negeri Sembilan">Muhammad</a>, Yamtuan (1888–1933)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">Perlis</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)#Rulers" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Syed Hussein Jamalullail, Penghulu (1825–1843), Raja (1843–1873)</li> <li>Syed Ahmad Jamalullail, Raja (1873–1887)</li> <li>Syed Saffi Jamalullail, Raja (1887–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1895–1942, 1945–1946</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><small><i>Malaysian Borneo</i></small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Sarawak">Kingdom of Sarawak</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_Rajahs#Rulers" title="White Rajahs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>, Rajah (1842–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brooke,_Rajah_of_Sarawak" title="Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak">Charles Brooke</a>, Rajah (1868–1917)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Crown Colony of Labuan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1848–1890, 1904–1906, 1907–1941, 1945–1946</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1888–1941, 1945–1946; Crown colony, 1946–1963</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Myanmar / Burma</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_19th-century_British_South_Asia_subsidiary_states#Burma" title="List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states">List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states § Burma</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Konbaung dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Burmese_monarchs" title="List of Burmese monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Min" title="Pagan Min">Pagan</a>, King (1846–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindon_Min" title="Mindon Min">Mindon</a>, King (1853–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thibaw_Min" title="Thibaw Min">Thibaw</a>, King (1878–1885)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Philippines</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Sulu" title="List of sultans of Sulu">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Pulalun_Kiram_of_Sulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Pulalun Kiram of Sulu (page does not exist)">Mohammad Pulalun Kiram</a>, Sultan (1844–1862)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamal_ul-Azam_of_Sulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamal ul-Azam of Sulu (page does not exist)">Jamal ul-Azam</a>, Sultan (1862–1881)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badar_ud-Din_II_of_Sulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badar ud-Din II of Sulu (page does not exist)">Badar ud-Din II</a>, Sultan (1881–1884)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harun_Ar-Rashid_of_Sulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harun Ar-Rashid of Sulu (page does not exist)">Harun Ar-Rashid</a>, Sultan (1886–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamalul_Kiram_II" title="Jamalul Kiram II">Jamalul Kiram II</a>, Sultan (1894–1915)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Sultanate of Maguindanao</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao#List_of_Sultans_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Untong, Sultan (c.1830–c.1854)</li> <li>Muhammad Makakwa, Sultan (c.1854–1884)</li> <li>Wata, Sultan (?–c.1888)</li> <li>Mangigin, Sultan (1896–1926)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Spain" title="List of heads of state of Spain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1565–1901</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see Spain in southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic#Bonifacio" title="Tagalog Republic">Tagalog Republic Nation</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a>, President (1896–1897)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato" title="Republic of Biak-na-Bato">Republic of Biak-na-Bato</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>, President (1897)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorial_Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Dictatorial Government of the Philippines">Dictatorial Government of the Philippines</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>, Dictator (1898)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Negros" title="Republic of Negros">Republic of Negros</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniceto_Lacson" title="Aniceto Lacson">Aniceto Lacson</a>, President (1898–1899)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Zamboanga" title="Republic of Zamboanga">Republic of Zamboanga</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_%C3%81lvarez_(general)" title="Vicente Álvarez (general)">Vicente Álvarez</a>, President (1899)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931899)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899)">Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>, President of the Revolutionary Government (1898–1899), President of the First Republic (1899–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Presidents</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>, President of the Revolutionary Government (1898–1899), President of the First Republic (1899–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Prime ministers (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a>, Prime minister (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Paterno" title="Pedro Paterno">Pedro Paterno</a>, Prime minister (1899)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Singapore</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">Colony of Singapore</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony as part of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a>, 1819–1867</i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">British crown colony</a> as part of the Straits Settlements, 1867–1963</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Thailand</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782%E2%80%931932)" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)">Rattanakosin Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Siam</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_monarchs#Rattanakosin_Kingdom" title="List of Thai monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III">Rama III</a>, King (1824–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a>, King (1851–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a>, King (1868–1910)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chiang_Mai" title="Kingdom of Chiang Mai">Kingdom of Chiang Mai</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Lan_Na#Lanna_states_under_Siamese_tributary_1775–1899" title="List of rulers of Lan Na">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahotaraprathet" title="Mahotaraprathet">Mahotaraprathet</a>, King (1847–1854 )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawilorot_Suriyawong" title="Kawilorot Suriyawong">Kawilorot Suriyawong</a>, King (1856–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inthawichayanon" title="Inthawichayanon">Inthawichayanon</a>, King (1870–1897)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pattani_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Kingdom">Pattani Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pattani_Kingdom#Chronology_of_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Kingdom">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Second Kelantanese dynasty</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>Phraya Long Muhammad Ibni Raja Muda Kelantan/Raja Kampong Laut Tuan Besar Long Ismail Ibni Raja Long Yunus, Sultan (1842–1856)</li> <li>Tuan Long Puteh Bin Phraya Long Muhammad, ruler (1856–1881)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuan_Besar_Bin_Tuan_Long_Puteh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuan Besar Bin Tuan Long Puteh (page does not exist)">Tuan Besar Bin Tuan Long Puteh</a>, ruler (1881–1890)</li> <li>Tuan Long Bongsu Bin Sultan Phraya Long Muhammad, ruler (1890–1898)</li> <li>Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin Syah, Sultan (?–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Timor</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1702–1975</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> under Southwest Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Vietnam</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_dynasty" title="Tây Sơn dynasty">Tây Sơn dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam#Tây_Sơn_dynasty" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">complete list</a>) –</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam#Nguyễn_dynasty" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">complete list</a>) –</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Việt Nam: <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam#Nguyễn_dynasty" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Tự Đức">Tự Đức</a>, Emperor (1847–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E1%BB%A5c_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Dục Đức">Dục Đức</a>, Emperor (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87p_H%C3%B2a" title="Hiệp Hòa">Hiệp Hòa</a>, Emperor (1883–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_Ph%C3%BAc" title="Kiến Phúc">Kiến Phúc</a>, Emperor (1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0m_Nghi" title="Hàm Nghi">Hàm Nghi</a>, Emperor (1884–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Kh%C3%A1nh" title="Đồng Khánh">Đồng Khánh</a>, Emperor (1885–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_Th%C3%A1i" title="Thành Thái">Thành Thái</a>, Emperor (1889–1907)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1887–1946</i></dd> <dd><i>Vietnamese constituents are below; for details see France under western Europe</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">Cochinchina</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>French Colony, 1862–1949</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)" title="Annam (French protectorate)">Annam Protectorate</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>French Protectorate, 1883–1945, 1945–1948</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin Protectorate</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>French Protectorate, 1884–1949</i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i>For details see France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia:_South">Asia: South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Asia: South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_19th-century_British_South_Asia_subsidiary_states" title="List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states">List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states</a></div> <p><i>Afghanistan</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Afghanistan" title="List of heads of state of Afghanistan">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shah_Durrani" title="Ali Shah Durrani">Ali Shah Durrani</a>, Emir (1818–1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Shah_Durrani" title="Ayub Shah Durrani">Ayub Shah Durrani</a>, Emir (1819–1823)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Barakzai dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Afghanistan" title="List of heads of state of Afghanistan">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dost Mohammad Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Dost Mohammad Khan</a>, Emir (1826–1839, 1845–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a>, Emir (1863–1866, 1867–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Afzal_Khan" title="Mohammad Afzal Khan">Mohammad Afzal Khan</a>, Emir (1865–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Azam_Khan" title="Mohammad Azam Khan">Mohammad Azam Khan</a>, Emir (1867–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Mohammad Yaqub Khan</a>, Emir (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)" title="Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Ayub Khan</a>, Emir (1879–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a>, Emir (1880–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia:_West">Asia: West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Asia: West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Bahrain</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bahrain_(1783%E2%80%931971)" title="History of Bahrain (1783–1971)">Hakims of Bahrain</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Protectorate of the United Kingdom, 1861–1971</i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Khalifah_Al_Khalifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa (page does not exist)">Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa</a>, Hakim (1843–1868)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Khalifah_Al_Khalifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa (page does not exist)">Ali ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa</a>, Hakim (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Khalifah_Al_Khalifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa (page does not exist)">Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa</a>, Hakim (1869)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Abdullah_Al_Khalifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al Khalifa (page does not exist)">Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al Khalifa</a>, Hakim (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa_ibn_Ali_Al_Khalifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa">Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa</a>, Hakim (1869–1923)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Cyprus</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Colony, 1878–1960</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Iran</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Persia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia#Qajar_Empire_(1794–1925)" title="List of monarchs of Persia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naser_al-Din_Shah_Qajar" title="Naser al-Din Shah Qajar">Naser al-Din, Shah</a> (1848–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozaffar_ad-Din_Shah_Qajar" title="Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar">Mozaffar al-Din, Shah</a> (1896–1907)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Iraq</i> </p><p><i>Kuwait</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Sheikhdom of Kuwait</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_emirs_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="List of emirs of Kuwait">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaber_I_Al-Sabah" title="Jaber I Al-Sabah">Jaber I</a>, Sheikh (1814–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_II_Al-Sabah" title="Sabah II Al-Sabah">Sabah II</a>, Sheikh (1859–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_Al-Sabah" title="Abdullah II Al-Sabah">Abdullah II</a>, Sheikh (1866–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Al-Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Al-Sabah">Muhammad I</a>, Sheikh (1893–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Al-Sabah" title="Mubarak Al-Sabah">Mubarak I</a>, Sheikh (1896–1915)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Oman</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Empire" title="Omani Empire">Omani Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imamate_of_Oman" title="Imamate of Oman">Imamate of Oman</a>: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Al_Said" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Al Said">Al Busaidi dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Said_bin_Sultan,_Sultan_of_Muscat_and_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman">Said bin Sultan</a>, Sultan (1804–1856)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Sultanate of <a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a>: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Al_Said" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Al Said">Al Busaidi dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thuwaini_bin_Said,_Sultan_of_Muscat_and_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuwaini bin Said, Sultan of Muscat and Oman">Thuwaini</a>, Sultan (1856–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_bin_Thuwaini,_Sultan_of_Muscat_and_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Salim bin Thuwaini, Sultan of Muscat and Oman">Salim II</a>, Sultan (1866–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azzan_bin_Qais,_Sultan_of_Muscat_and_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Azzan bin Qais, Sultan of Muscat and Oman">Azzan</a>, Sultan (1868–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki_bin_Said,_Sultan_of_Muscat_and_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Turki bin Said, Sultan of Muscat and Oman">Turki</a>, Sultan (1871–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_bin_Turki,_Sultan_of_Muscat_and_Oman" title="Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman">Faisal</a>, Sultan (1888–1913)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Qatar</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_emirs_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of emirs of Qatar">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Thani">Mohammed bin Thani</a>, Emir (1847–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jassim_bin_Mohammed_Al_Thani" title="Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani">Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani</a>, Emir (1878–1913)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Saudi Arabia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Nejd" title="Emirate of Nejd">Emirate of Nejd</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Saudi Arabia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_bin_Turki_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud">Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud</a>, Imam (1834–1838, 1843–1865)</li> <li>Abdallah ibn Faisal ibn Turki, Imam (1865–1871, 1871–1873, 1876–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saud_ibn_Faisal" class="mw-redirect" title="Saud ibn Faisal">Saud ibn Faisal</a>, Imam (1871–1871, 1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_bin_Faisal" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rahman bin Faisal">Abdul Rahman bin Faisal</a>, Imam (1875–1876, 1889–1891)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Emirate of Jabal Shammar</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B9%ACal%C4%81l_bin_%CA%BFAbdullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ṭalāl bin ʿAbdullah (page does not exist)">Ṭalāl bin ʿAbdullah</a>, Emir (1848–1868)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mut%CA%BFib_bin_%CA%BFAbdullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutʿib bin ʿAbdullah (page does not exist)">Mutʿib bin ʿAbdullah</a>, Emir (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_ben_Talal_al-Rachid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar ben Talal al-Rachid (page does not exist)">Bandar ben Talal al-Rachid</a>, Emir (1869)</li> <li>Muḥammad bin ʿAbdullah, Emir (1869–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Aziz_bin_Mitab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul-Aziz bin Mitab">Abdul-Aziz bin Mitab</a>, Emir (1897–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Turkey</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Sultans</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_I" title="Abdülmecid I">Abdülmecid I</a>, Sultan (1839–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdülaziz">Abdülaziz</a>, Sultan (1861–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_V" title="Murad V">Murad V</a>, Sultan (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a>, Sultan (1876–1909)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_Grand_Viziers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ottoman Grand Viziers">Grand Viziers</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Re%C5%9Fid_Pasha" title="Mustafa Reşid Pasha">Mustafa Reşid Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1848–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_Rauf_Pasha" title="Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha">Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Re%C5%9Fid_Pasha" title="Mustafa Reşid Pasha">Mustafa Reşid Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_%C3%82li_Pasha" title="Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha">Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damat_Mehmed_Ali_Pasha" title="Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha">Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1852–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Naili_Pasha" title="Mustafa Naili Pasha">Mustafa Naili Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1853–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_Mehmed_Emin_Pasha" title="Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha">Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Re%C5%9Fid_Pasha" title="Mustafa Reşid Pasha">Mustafa Reşid Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1854–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_%C3%82li_Pasha" title="Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha">Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1855–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Re%C5%9Fid_Pasha" title="Mustafa Reşid Pasha">Mustafa Reşid Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1856–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Naili_Pasha" title="Mustafa Naili Pasha">Mustafa Naili Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Re%C5%9Fid_Pasha" title="Mustafa Reşid Pasha">Mustafa Reşid Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1857–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_%C3%82li_Pasha" title="Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha">Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1858–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_Mehmed_Emin_Pasha" title="Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha">Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Rushdi_Pasha" title="Mehmed Rushdi Pasha">Mehmed Rushdi Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_Mehmed_Emin_Pasha" title="Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha">Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_%C3%82li_Pasha" title="Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha">Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Fuad_Pasha" title="Mehmed Fuad Pasha">Mehmed Fuad Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1861–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Kamil_Pasha" title="Yusuf Kamil Pasha">Yusuf Kamil Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Fuad_Pasha" title="Mehmed Fuad Pasha">Mehmed Fuad Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1863–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Rushdi_Pasha" title="Mehmed Rushdi Pasha">Mehmed Rushdi Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1866–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_%C3%82li_Pasha" title="Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha">Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1866–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Nedim_Pasha" title="Mahmud Nedim Pasha">Mahmud Nedim Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midhat_Pasha" title="Midhat Pasha">Midhat Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Rushdi_Pasha" title="Mehmed Rushdi Pasha">Mehmed Rushdi Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Esad_Pasha" title="Ahmed Esad Pasha">Ahmed Esad Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eirvanl%C4%B1zade_Mehmed_R%C3%BC%C5%9Fdi_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Şirvanlızade Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha">Şirvanlızade Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_Avni_Pasha" title="Hüseyin Avni Pasha">Hüseyin Avni Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Esad_Pasha" title="Ahmed Esad Pasha">Ahmed Esad Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Nedim_Pasha" title="Mahmud Nedim Pasha">Mahmud Nedim Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Rushdi_Pasha" title="Mehmed Rushdi Pasha">Mehmed Rushdi Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1876–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midhat_Pasha" title="Midhat Pasha">Midhat Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1876–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Edhem_Pasha" title="Ibrahim Edhem Pasha">Ibrahim Edhem Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1877–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hamdi_Pasha" title="Ahmed Hamdi Pasha">Ahmed Hamdi Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Vefik_Pasha" title="Ahmed Vefik Pasha">Ahmed Vefik Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Sad%C4%B1k_Pasha" title="Mehmed Sadık Pasha">Mehmed Sadık Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Rushdi_Pasha" title="Mehmed Rushdi Pasha">Mehmed Rushdi Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffet_Pasha" title="Saffet Pasha">Saffet Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayreddin_Pasha" title="Hayreddin Pasha">Hayreddin Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1878–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Arifi_Pasha" title="Ahmed Arifi Pasha">Ahmed Arifi Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Said_Pasha" title="Mehmed Said Pasha">Mehmed Said Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1879–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadri_Pasha" title="Kadri Pasha">Kadri Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Said_Pasha" title="Mehmed Said Pasha">Mehmed Said Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1880–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Nureddin_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha">Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Said_Pasha" title="Mehmed Said Pasha">Mehmed Said Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Vefik_Pasha" title="Ahmed Vefik Pasha">Ahmed Vefik Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Said_Pasha" title="Mehmed Said Pasha">Mehmed Said Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1882–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2mil_Pasha" title="Kâmil Pasha">Kâmil Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1885–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevad_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevad Pasha">Ahmed Cevad Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Said_Pasha" title="Mehmed Said Pasha">Mehmed Said Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2mil_Pasha" title="Kâmil Pasha">Kâmil Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halil_Rifat_Pasha" title="Halil Rifat Pasha">Halil Rifat Pasha</a>, Grand Vizier (1895–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>United Arab Emirates: Trucial States</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_bin_Tahnun_Al_Nahyan" title="Saeed bin Tahnun Al Nahyan">Saeed bin Tahnun Al Nahyan</a>, ruler (1845–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayed_bin_Khalifa_Al_Nahyan" title="Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan">Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan</a>, ruler (1855–1909)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Sheikhdom of Dubai</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maktoum_bin_Butti_bin_Suhail" title="Maktoum bin Butti bin Suhail">Maktoum bin Butti bin Suhail</a>, ruler (1833–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_bin_Butti" title="Saeed bin Butti">Saeed bin Butti</a>, ruler (1852–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasher_bin_Maktoum" title="Hasher bin Maktoum">Hasher bin Maktoum</a>, ruler (1859–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_bin_Maktoum" title="Rashid bin Maktoum">Rashid bin Maktoum</a>, ruler (1886–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maktoum_bin_Hasher_Al_Maktoum" title="Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum">Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum</a>, ruler (1894–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sheikhdom of Sharjah</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_bin_Saqr_Al_Qasimi" title="Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi">Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi</a>, ruler (1803–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Sultan_Al_Qasimi_(ruler)" title="Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi (ruler)">Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi</a>, ruler (1866–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_bin_Sultan_Al_Qasimi" title="Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi">Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi</a>, ruler (1868–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqr_bin_Khalid_Al_Qasimi" title="Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi">Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi</a>, ruler (1883–1914)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Sheikhdom of Ajman</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi, ruler (1848–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_bin_Humaid_Al_Nuaimi_II" title="Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi II">Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi II</a>, ruler (1864–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humaid_bin_Rashid_Al_Nuaimi_II" title="Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi II">Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi II</a>, ruler (1891–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz_bin_Humaid_Al_Nuaimi" title="Abdulaziz bin Humaid Al Nuaimi">Abdulaziz bin Humaid Al Nuaimi</a>, ruler (1900–1910)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Umm Al Quwain">Sheikhdom of Umm Al Quwain</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_bin_Majid_Al_Mualla" title="Rashid bin Majid Al Mualla">Rashid bin Majid Al Mualla</a>, ruler (1768–1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla" title="Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla">Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla</a>, ruler (1820–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abdullah_Al_Mualla" title="Ali bin Abdullah Al Mualla">Ali bin Abdullah Al Mualla</a>, ruler (1853–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Abdullah_Al_Mualla" title="Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Mualla">Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Mualla</a>, ruler (1873–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Sheikhdom of Fujairah</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Abdullah_Al_Sharqi" title="Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi">Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi</a>, ruler (1879–1936)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Sheikhdom of Ras Al Khaimah</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ibrahim bin Sultan Al Qasimi, ruler (1866–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Sultan_Al_Qasimi_(ruler)" title="Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi (ruler)">Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi</a>, ruler (1867–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_bin_Sultan_Al_Qasimi" title="Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi">Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi</a>, ruler (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humaid_bin_Abdullah_Al_Qasimi" title="Humaid bin Abdullah Al Qasimi">Humaid bin Abdullah Al Qasimi</a>, ruler (1869–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqr_bin_Khalid_Al_Qasimi" title="Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi">Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi</a>, ruler (1900–1914)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Yemen</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Aulaqi_Sheikhdom" title="Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom">Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Upper_Aulaqi_Sheikhdom#Sheikhs" title="Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>'Amm Dayb ibn 'Ali al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (?)</li> <li>Ruways ibn 'Amm Dayb al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (?)</li> <li>Nasir ibn Ruways al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (?)</li> <li>Farid ibn Nasir al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (c.1871–1883)</li> <li>Ruways ibn Farid al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (1883–1890)</li> <li>'Amm Rassas ibn Farid al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (1890–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Aulaqi_Sultanate" title="Upper Aulaqi Sultanate">Upper Aulaqi Sultanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Upper_Aulaqi_Sultanate#Sultans" title="Upper Aulaqi Sultanate">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>'Abd Allah ibn Farid, Sultan (?–1862)</li> <li>'Awad ibn 'Abd Allah, Sultan (1862–1879)</li> <li>'Abd Allah ibn 'Awad, Sultan (1879–1887)</li> <li>Salih ibn 'Abd Allah, Sultan (1887–1935)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Beihan" title="Emirate of Beihan">Emirate of Beihan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Beihan#Emirs" title="Emirate of Beihan">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Thaifallah, Amir (?)</li> <li>Mubarak, Amir (?)</li> <li>Muhsin, Amir (?–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dhala" title="Emirate of Dhala">Emirate of Dhala</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Beihan#Emirs" title="Emirate of Beihan">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Shafa`ul ibn 'Abd al-Hadi al-'Amiri, Emir (?–1872)</li> <li>'Ali ibn <a href="/wiki/Muqbil" title="Muqbil">Muqbil</a> al-'Amiri, Emir (1872–1873, 1874, 1878–1886)</li> <li>Muhammad ibn Musa`id al-'Amiri, Emir (1873–1873)</li> <li>'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-'Amiri, Emir (1874–1878)</li> <li>Sha´if ibn Sayf al-'Amiri, Emir (1886–1911)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Kathiri#Home_of_Al_Kathir_Tribes" title="Al Kathiri">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ghalib ibn Muhsin al-Kathir, Sultan (1830–1880)</li> <li>al-Mansur ibn Ghalib al-Kathir, Sultan (1880–1929)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Lahej" title="Sultanate of Lahej">Sultanate of Lahej</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>'Ali I ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali, Sultan (1849–1863)</li> <li>al-Fadl III ibn 'Ali al-'Abdali, Sultan (1863–1863, 1874–1898)</li> <li>al-Fadl IV ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali, Sultan (1863–1874)</li> <li>Ahmad III ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali, Sultan (1898–1914)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra Sultanate</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ahmad ibn Sa`d Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-19th century)</li> <li>'Abd Allah ibn Sa`d Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-19th century)</li> <li>'Abd Allah ibn Salim Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-19th century)</li> <li>'Ali ibn 'Abd Allah Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (late-19th century–1907)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Balhaf" title="Wahidi Balhaf">Wahidi Balhaf</a> of Ba´l Haf (<a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Balhaf#Rulers" title="Wahidi Balhaf">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>al-Husayn ibn 'Abd Allah, Sultan (?)</li> <li>'Abd Allah ibn al-Husayn, Sultan (?)</li> <li>Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (?–1877)</li> <li>Salih ibn Ahmad, Sultan (1877–1881)</li> <li>'Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1881–1881)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Balhaf" title="Wahidi Balhaf">Wahidi Balhaf</a> of 'Azzan (<a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Balhaf#Wahidi_Sultanate_of_'Azzan" title="Wahidi Balhaf">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Muhsin ibn 'Ali al-Wahidi, Sultan (1850–1870)</li> <li>'Abd Allah ibn 'Umar al-Wahidi, Sultan (1870–1881)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Balhaf" title="Wahidi Balhaf">Wahidi Balhaf</a> of Ba´l Haf and 'Azzan (<a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Balhaf#Wahidi_Sultanate_of_'Azzan" title="Wahidi Balhaf">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>'Abd Allah ibn 'Umar, Sultan (1881–1885)</li> <li>al-Hadi ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1885–1892)</li> <li>Muhsin ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1892–1893)</li> <li>Salih ibn 'Abd Allah al-Wahidi, Sultan (1893–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Haban" title="Wahidi Haban">Wahidi Haban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Haban#Sultans" title="Wahidi Haban">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>'Abd Allah ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1850–1870)</li> <li>Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1870–1877)</li> <li>Salih ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Sultan (1877–1881)</li> <li>Nasir ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1885–1919)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Yafa" title="Lower Yafa">Lower Yafa</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ahmad ibn Ali al-Afifi, ruler (1841–1873, 1891–1893)</li> <li>Ali II ibn Ahmad al-Afifi, ruler (1873–1885)</li> <li>Muhsin I ibn Ahmad al-Afifi, ruler (1885–1891)</li> <li>Abu Bakr ibn Sha'if al-Afifi, ruler (1893–1899)</li> <li>Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al-Afifi, ruler (1899–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>'Abd Allah ibn Nasir ibn Salih Al Harhara, Sultan (c.1840–1866)</li> <li>al-Husayn ibn Abi Bakr ibn Qahtan Al Harhara, Sultan (1866–1875)</li> <li>Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Salih ibn Ahmad Al Harhara, Sultan (1875–1895)</li> <li>Qahtan ibn 'Umar ibn al-Husayn Al Harhara, Sultan (1895–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe:_Balkans">Europe: Balkans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Europe: Balkans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Bulgaria</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Principality of Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Bulgarian_monarchs#Principality_(1878–1908)_and_Kingdom_of_Bulgaria_(1908–1946)" title="List of Bulgarian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Battenberg" title="Alexander of Battenberg">Alexander I</a>, Prince (1878–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Ferdinand I</a>, Prince (1887–1908), Tsar (1908–1918)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Croatia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>, also part of the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Hungarian_Crown" title="Lands of the Hungarian Crown">Lands of the Hungarian Crown</a></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Kings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Croatian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph</a>, King (1848–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Bans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia#Habsburg-era_bans" title="Ban of Croatia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Josip Jelačić">Josip Jelačić</a>, Ban (1848–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Coronini-Cronberg" title="Johann Baptist Coronini-Cronberg">Johann Baptist Coronini-Cronberg</a>, Ban (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_%C5%A0ok%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Josip Šokčević">Josip Šokčević</a>, Ban (1860–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levin_Rauch" title="Levin Rauch">Levin Rauch</a>, Ban (1867–1871)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>part of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">Kings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Croatian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph</a>, King (1848–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Bans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia#Habsburg-era_bans" title="Ban of Croatia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levin_Rauch" title="Levin Rauch">Levin Rauch</a>, Ban (1867–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koloman_Bedekovi%C4%87" title="Koloman Bedeković">Koloman Bedeković</a>, Ban (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antun_Vakanovi%C4%87" title="Antun Vakanović">Antun Vakanović</a>, Ban (1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ma%C5%BEurani%C4%87" title="Ivan Mažuranić">Ivan Mažuranić</a>, Ban (1873–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislav_Peja%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Ladislav Pejačević">Ladislav Pejačević</a>, Ban (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ramberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann Ramberg">Hermann Ramberg</a>, Ban (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragutin_Karoly_Khuen-H%C3%A9derv%C3%A1ry" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragutin Karoly Khuen-Héderváry">Karoly Khuen-Héderváry</a>, Ban (1883–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Greece</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Greece" title="List of kings of Greece">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Greece" title="List of heads of state of Greece">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">Otto</a>, King (1832–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumvirate#Modern_Greece" title="Triumvirate">Regency Council</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I</a>, King (1863–1913)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Greece">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Kriezis" title="Antonios Kriezis">Antonios Kriezis</a>, Prime minister (1849–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Alexandros Mavrokordatos</a>, Prime minister (1854–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">Dimitrios Voulgaris</a>, Prime minister (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Miaoulis" title="Athanasios Miaoulis">Athanasios Miaoulis</a>, Prime minister (1857–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennaios_Kolokotronis" title="Gennaios Kolokotronis">Gennaios Kolokotronis</a>, Prime minister (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">Dimitrios Voulgaris</a>, Prime minister (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristeidis_Moraitinis" title="Aristeidis Moraitinis">Aristeidis Moraitinis</a>, Prime minister (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinovios_Valvis" title="Zinovios Valvis">Zinovios Valvis</a>, Prime minister (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomidis_Kyriakos" title="Diomidis Kyriakos">Diomidis Kyriakos</a>, Prime minister (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benizelos_Roufos" title="Benizelos Roufos">Benizelos Roufos</a>, Prime minister (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">Dimitrios Voulgaris</a>, Prime minister (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Konstantinos Kanaris</a>, Prime minister (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinovios_Valvis" title="Zinovios Valvis">Zinovios Valvis</a>, Prime minister (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Konstantinos Kanaris</a>, Prime minister (1864–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Epameinondas Deligeorgis</a>, Prime minister (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benizelos_Roufos" title="Benizelos Roufos">Benizelos Roufos</a>, Prime minister (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">Dimitrios Voulgaris</a>, Prime minister (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Epameinondas Deligeorgis</a>, Prime minister (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benizelos_Roufos" title="Benizelos Roufos">Benizelos Roufos</a>, Prime minister (1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">Dimitrios Voulgaris</a>, Prime minister (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1866–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristeidis_Moraitinis" title="Aristeidis Moraitinis">Aristeidis Moraitinis</a>, Prime minister (1867–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">Dimitrios Voulgaris</a>, Prime minister (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasyvoulos_Zaimis" title="Thrasyvoulos Zaimis">Thrasyvoulos Zaimis</a>, Prime minister (1869–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Epameinondas Deligeorgis</a>, Prime minister (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasyvoulos_Zaimis" title="Thrasyvoulos Zaimis">Thrasyvoulos Zaimis</a>, Prime minister (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">Dimitrios Voulgaris</a>, Prime minister (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Epameinondas Deligeorgis</a>, Prime minister (1872–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">Dimitrios Voulgaris</a>, Prime minister (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Charilaos Trikoupis</a>, Prime minister (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Epameinondas Deligeorgis</a>, Prime minister (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1876–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Epameinondas Deligeorgis</a>, Prime minister (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Konstantinos Kanaris</a>, Prime minister (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1877–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Charilaos Trikoupis</a>, Prime minister (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1878–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Charilaos Trikoupis</a>, Prime minister (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a>, Prime minister (1880–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Charilaos Trikoupis</a>, Prime minister (1882–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Theodoros Diligiannis</a>, Prime minister (1885–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Valvis" title="Dimitrios Valvis">Dimitrios Valvis</a>, Prime minister (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Charilaos Trikoupis</a>, Prime minister (1886–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Theodoros Diligiannis</a>, Prime minister (1890–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Konstantopoulos" title="Konstantinos Konstantopoulos">Konstantinos Konstantopoulos</a>, Prime minister (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Charilaos Trikoupis</a>, Prime minister (1892–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Sotiropoulos" title="Sotirios Sotiropoulos">Sotirios Sotiropoulos</a>, Prime minister (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Charilaos Trikoupis</a>, Prime minister (1893–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis" title="Nikolaos Deligiannis">Nikolaos Deligiannis</a>, Prime minister (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Theodoros Diligiannis</a>, Prime minister (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">Dimitrios Rallis</a>, Prime minister (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Alexandros Zaimis</a>, Prime minister (1897–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" title="Georgios Theotokis">Georgios Theotokis</a>, Prime minister (1899–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i> Autonomous state of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, establishment by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Power">Great Powers</a>, 1898–1913</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George of Greece">Prince George of Greece</a>, High Commissioner, (1898–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1815–1864</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Kosovo</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo Vilayet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet#Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>administrative division of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, under Austro-Hungarian occupation 1878–1913</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Edhem_Pasha" title="Ibrahim Edhem Pasha">Ibrahim Edhem Pasha</a>, Governor (1877–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Hafiz Mehmed Pasha">Hafiz Mehmed Pasha</a>, Governor (1894–1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reshad_Bey_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reshad Bey Pasha (page does not exist)">Reshad Bey Pasha</a>, Governor (1900–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Montenegro</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro" title="Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro">Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Montenegro#Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Montenegro">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Petar II</a>, Prince-bishop (1830–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_I,_Prince_of_Montenegro" title="Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro">Danilo II</a>, Prince-Bishop (1851–1852), Prince (1852–1860)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Principality of Montenegro</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Monarchs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Montenegro">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_I,_Prince_of_Montenegro" title="Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro">Danilo II</a>, Prince-Bishop (1851–1852), Prince (1852–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš">Nikola I</a>, Sovereign prince (1860–1910), King (1910–1918)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Presidents of the ministerial council (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEo_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Božo Petrović-Njegoš">Božo Petrović-Njegoš</a>, President (1879–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Serbia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Monarchs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_monarchs" title="List of Serbian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87,_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia">Alexander Karađorđević</a>, Prince (1842–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Obrenovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Miloš Obrenović">Miloš Obrenović</a>, Prince (1858–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihailo_Obrenovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihailo Obrenović">Mihailo Obrenović</a> III, Prince (1860–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_I_of_Serbia" title="Milan I of Serbia">Milan IV / I</a>, Prince (1868–1882), King (1882–1889)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Heads of government (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia#List_of_Prime_Ministers" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avram_Petronijevi%C4%87" title="Avram Petronijević">Avram Petronijević</a>, Prime minister (1844–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin" title="Ilija Garašanin">Ilija Garašanin</a>, Prime minister (1852–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksa_Simi%C4%87" title="Aleksa Simić">Aleksa Simić</a>, Prime minister (1853–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksa_Jankovi%C4%87" title="Aleksa Janković">Aleksa Janković</a>, Prime minister (1855–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Markovi%C4%87_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevan Marković (politician)">Stevan Marković</a>, Prime minister (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksa_Simi%C4%87" title="Aleksa Simić">Aleksa Simić</a>, Prime minister (1856–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Markovi%C4%87_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevan Marković (politician)">Stevan Marković</a>, Prime minister (1857–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Magazinovi%C4%87" title="Stevan Magazinović">Stevan Magazinović</a>, Prime minister (1858–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cvetko_Rajovi%C4%87" title="Cvetko Rajović">Cvetko Rajović</a>, Prime minister (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filip_Hristi%C4%87" title="Filip Hristić">Filip Hristić</a>, Prime minister (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin" title="Ilija Garašanin">Ilija Garašanin</a>, President of the ministry (1861–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Risti%C4%87" title="Jovan Ristić">Jovan Ristić</a>, President of the ministry (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Hristi%C4%87" title="Nikola Hristić">Nikola Hristić</a>, President of the ministry (1867–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Ceni%C4%87" title="Đorđe Cenić">Đorđe Cenić</a>, President of the ministry (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radivoje_Milojkovi%C4%87" title="Radivoje Milojković">Radivoje Milojković</a>, President of the ministry (1869–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milivoje_Petrovi%C4%87_Blaznavac" class="mw-redirect" title="Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac">Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac</a>, President of the ministry (1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Risti%C4%87" title="Jovan Ristić">Jovan Ristić</a>, President of the ministry (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Marinovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Marinović">Jovan Marinović</a>, President of the ministry (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C4%87im_%C4%8Cumi%C4%87" title="Aćim Čumić">Aćim Čumić</a>, President of the ministry (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_Stefanovi%C4%87" title="Danilo Stefanović">Danilo Stefanović</a>, President of the ministry (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stev%C4%8Da_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Stevča Mihailović">Stevča Mihailović</a>, President of the ministry (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubomir_Kaljevi%C4%87" title="Ljubomir Kaljević">Ljubomir Kaljević</a>, President of the ministry (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stev%C4%8Da_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Stevča Mihailović">Stevča Mihailović</a>, President of the ministry (1876–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Risti%C4%87" title="Jovan Ristić">Jovan Ristić</a>, President of the ministry (1878–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Piro%C4%87anac" title="Milan Piroćanac">Milan Piroćanac</a>, President of the ministry (1880–1882)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Monarchs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_monarchs" title="List of Serbian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan_I_of_Serbia" title="Milan I of Serbia">Milan I</a>, Prince (1868–1882), King (1882–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Serbia" title="Alexander I of Serbia">Alexander</a>, King (1889–1918)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Presidents of the ministry (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia#List_of_Prime_Ministers" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Piro%C4%87anac" title="Milan Piroćanac">Milan Piroćanac</a>, President of the ministry (1882–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Hristi%C4%87" title="Nikola Hristić">Nikola Hristić</a>, President of the ministry (1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milutin_Gara%C5%A1anin" title="Milutin Garašanin">Milutin Garašanin</a>, President of the ministry (1884–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Risti%C4%87" title="Jovan Ristić">Jovan Ristić</a>, President of the ministry (1887–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sava_Gruji%C4%87" title="Sava Grujić">Sava Grujić</a>, President of the ministry (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Hristi%C4%87" title="Nikola Hristić">Nikola Hristić</a>, President of the ministry (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosta_Proti%C4%87" title="Kosta Protić">Kosta Protić</a>, President of the ministry (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sava_Gruji%C4%87" title="Sava Grujić">Sava Grujić</a>, President of the ministry (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Pa%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Nikola Pašić">Nikola Pašić</a>, President of the ministry (1891–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Avakumovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Avakumović">Jovan Avakumović</a>, President of the ministry (1892–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Doki%C4%87" title="Lazar Dokić">Lazar Dokić</a>, President of the ministry (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sava_Gruji%C4%87" title="Sava Grujić">Sava Grujić</a>, President of the ministry (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Simi%C4%87" title="Đorđe Simić">Đorđe Simić</a>, President of the ministry (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetomir_Nikolajevi%C4%87" title="Svetomir Nikolajević">Svetomir Nikolajević</a>, President of the ministry (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Hristi%C4%87" title="Nikola Hristić">Nikola Hristić</a>, President of the ministry (1894–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stojan_Novakovi%C4%87" title="Stojan Novaković">Stojan Novaković</a>, President of the ministry (1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Simi%C4%87" title="Đorđe Simić">Đorđe Simić</a>, President of the ministry (1896–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladan_%C4%90or%C4%91evi%C4%87" title="Vladan Đorđević">Vladan Đorđević</a>, President of the ministry (1897–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksa_Jovanovi%C4%87_(politician)" title="Aleksa Jovanović (politician)">Aleksa Jovanović</a>, President of the ministry (1900–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Slovenia</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe:_British_Isles">Europe: British Isles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Europe: British Isles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a>, Queen (1837–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">John Russell</a>, Prime minister (1846–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Edward Smith-Stanley</a>, Prime minister (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">George Hamilton-Gordon</a>, Prime minister (1852–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Henry John Temple</a>, Prime minister (1855–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Edward Smith-Stanley</a>, Prime minister (1858–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Henry John Temple</a>, Prime minister (1859–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">John Russell</a>, Prime minister (1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Edward Smith-Stanley</a>, Prime minister (1866–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, Prime minister (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>, Prime minister (1868–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, Prime minister (1874–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>, Prime minister (1880–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Robert Gascoyne-Cecil</a>, Prime minister (1885–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>, Prime minister (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Robert Gascoyne-Cecil</a>, Prime minister (1886–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>, Prime minister (1892–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Archibald Primrose</a>, Prime minister (1894–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Robert Gascoyne-Cecil</a>, Prime minister (1895–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe:_Central">Europe: Central</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Europe: Central"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire">List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire</a></div> <p><i>Germany Empire</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Emperor" title="German Emperor">Emperor</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a>, Emperor (1861–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a>, Emperor (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">Wilhelm II</a>, Emperor (1888–1918)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellors</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chancellors_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chancellors of Germany">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a>, Chancellor (1871–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_von_Caprivi" title="Leo von Caprivi">Leo von Caprivi</a>, Chancellor (1890–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlodwig,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst" title="Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst">Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst</a>, Chancellor (1894–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Bernhard von Bülow">Bernhard von Bülow</a>, Chancellor (1900–1909)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Electorate of Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Prussia">complete list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Brandenburg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William IV of Prussia">Frederick William IV</a>, King (1840–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a>, Emperor (1871–1888), King (1861–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a>, Emperor (1888), King (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">William II</a>, Emperor (1888–1918), King (1888–1918)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundespr%C3%A4sidium" title="Bundespräsidium">Bundespräsidium</a> (1867–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_Germany" title="List of chancellors of Germany">Chancellor</a> (1867–1871)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Austria-Hungary</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Kingdom of Hungary</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Austria" title="Emperor of Austria">Archdukes/Emperors</a>/ <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">Kings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria" title="List of rulers of Austria">complete list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_monarchs#House_of_Habsburg_(1526–1780)" title="List of Hungarian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a>, Emperor and King(1848–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Heads of government (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers-President_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers-President of Austria">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Felix_of_Schwarzenberg" title="Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg">Felix of Schwarzenberg</a>, Minister-President (1848–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Karl_Ferdinand_von_Buol" title="Count Karl Ferdinand von Buol">Karl Ferdinand von Buol</a>, Chairmen of the ministers' conference (1852–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Johann_Bernhard_von_Rechberg_und_Rothenl%C3%B6wen" title="Count Johann Bernhard von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen">Johann Bernhard von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen</a>, Chairmen of the ministers' conference (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria">Rainer Ferdinand</a>, Chairmen of the ministers' conference (1861–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Mensdorff-Pouilly,_Prince_Dietrichstein_von_Nicolsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly, Prince Dietrichstein von Nicolsburg">Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly</a>, Chairmen of the ministers' conference (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Richard_Belcredi" title="Count Richard Belcredi">Richard Belcredi</a>, Chairmen of the ministers' conference (1865–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Friedrich_Ferdinand_von_Beust" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust">Friedrich von Beust</a>, Chairmen of the ministers' conference (1867)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria" title="List of rulers of Austria">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">Habsburg-Lorraine</a> ruled under numerous simultaneous titles</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph I</a>, (1848–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Bohemia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs#Kings_of_Bohemia" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph</a>, King (1848–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Liechtenstein</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Liechtenstein" title="List of monarchs of Liechtenstein">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloys_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Aloys II</a>, Prince (1836–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Johann II</a>, Prince (1858–1929)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Switzerland</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Swiss Confederation">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Munzinger" title="Josef Munzinger">Josef Munzinger</a>, President of the Confederation (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Jonas Furrer</a>, President of the Confederation (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Matthias_Naeff" title="Wilhelm Matthias Naeff">Wilhelm Matthias Naeff</a>, President of the Confederation (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Frey-Heros%C3%A9" title="Friedrich Frey-Herosé">Friedrich Frey-Herosé</a>, President of the Confederation (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Jonas Furrer</a>, President of the Confederation (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_St%C3%A4mpfli" title="Jakob Stämpfli">Jakob Stämpfli</a>, President of the Confederation (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Fornerod" title="Constant Fornerod">Constant Fornerod</a>, President of the Confederation (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Jonas Furrer</a>, President of the Confederation (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_St%C3%A4mpfli" title="Jakob Stämpfli">Jakob Stämpfli</a>, President of the Confederation (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Frey-Heros%C3%A9" title="Friedrich Frey-Herosé">Friedrich Frey-Herosé</a>, President of the Confederation (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Josef_Martin_Kn%C3%BCsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel">Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel</a>, President of the Confederation (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_St%C3%A4mpfli" title="Jakob Stämpfli">Jakob Stämpfli</a>, President of the Confederation (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Fornerod" title="Constant Fornerod">Constant Fornerod</a>, President of the Confederation (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Dubs" title="Jakob Dubs">Jakob Dubs</a>, President of the Confederation (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Karl Schenk</a>, President of the Confederation (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Josef_Martin_Kn%C3%BCsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel">Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel</a>, President of the Confederation (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Fornerod" title="Constant Fornerod">Constant Fornerod</a>, President of the Confederation (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Dubs" title="Jakob Dubs">Jakob Dubs</a>, President of the Confederation (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Emil Welti</a>, President of the Confederation (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Dubs" title="Jakob Dubs">Jakob Dubs</a>, President of the Confederation (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Karl Schenk</a>, President of the Confederation (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Emil Welti</a>, President of the Confederation (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9r%C3%A9sole" title="Paul Cérésole">Paul Cérésole</a>, President of the Confederation (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Karl Schenk</a>, President of the Confederation (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Scherer" title="Johann Jakob Scherer">Johann Jakob Scherer</a>, President of the Confederation (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Emil Welti</a>, President of the Confederation (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Heer" title="Joachim Heer">Joachim Heer</a>, President of the Confederation (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Karl Schenk</a>, President of the Confederation (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Hammer" title="Bernhard Hammer">Bernhard Hammer</a>, President of the Confederation (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Emil Welti</a>, President of the Confederation (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Droz" title="Numa Droz">Numa Droz</a>, President of the Confederation (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Bavier" title="Simeon Bavier">Simeon Bavier</a>, President of the Confederation (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ruchonnet" title="Louis Ruchonnet">Louis Ruchonnet</a>, President of the Confederation (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Emil Welti</a>, President of the Confederation (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Karl Schenk</a>, President of the Confederation (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Adolf Deucher</a>, President of the Confederation (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Droz" title="Numa Droz">Numa Droz</a>, President of the Confederation (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hertenstein" title="Wilhelm Hertenstein">Wilhelm Hertenstein</a>, President of the Confederation (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Hammer" title="Bernhard Hammer">Bernhard Hammer</a>, President of the Confederation (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ruchonnet" title="Louis Ruchonnet">Louis Ruchonnet</a>, President of the Confederation (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Emil Welti</a>, President of the Confederation (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hauser" title="Walter Hauser">Walter Hauser</a>, President of the Confederation (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Karl Schenk</a>, President of the Confederation (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Frey" title="Emil Frey">Emil Frey</a>, President of the Confederation (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Zemp" title="Josef Zemp">Josef Zemp</a>, President of the Confederation (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Lachenal" title="Adrien Lachenal">Adrien Lachenal</a>, President of the Confederation (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Adolf Deucher</a>, President of the Confederation (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ruffy" title="Eugène Ruffy">Eugène Ruffy</a>, President of the Confederation (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%BCller_(Swiss_politician)" title="Eduard Müller (Swiss politician)">Eduard Müller</a>, President of the Confederation (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hauser" title="Walter Hauser">Walter Hauser</a>, President of the Confederation (1900)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Constituent_states_of_the_Confederation_of_the_Rhine_and_German_Confederation"><i>Constituent states of the Confederation of the Rhine and German Confederation</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Constituent states of the Confederation of the Rhine and German Confederation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire">List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire</a></div> <p>These are leaders of constituent states from the <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">German mediatisation</a> in 1806 until the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> in 1866. Leaders of constituent states within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> are excluded up to the time of <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">German mediatisation</a> (1801–1806). </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhalt-Bernburg" title="Anhalt-Bernburg">Anhalt-Bernburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anhalt-Bernburg#Dukes_of_Anhalt-Bernburg,_1803–1863" title="Anhalt-Bernburg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Karl,_Duke_of_Anhalt-Bernburg" title="Alexander Karl, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg">Alexander Karl</a>, Duke (1834–1863)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>re-united to Anhalt</i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhalt-Dessau" title="Anhalt-Dessau">Anhalt-Dessau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anhalt-Dessau#Dukes_(1807–1863)" title="Anhalt-Dessau">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Anhalt-Dessau" title="Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau">Leopold III</a>, Prince (1751–1758), Duke (1758–1817), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1812–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_IV,_Duke_of_Anhalt" title="Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt">Leopold IV</a>, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1817–1863), of Anhalt-Köthen (1847–1863), of Anhalt (1863–1871), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1817–1818)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Grand Duchy of Baden</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Baden#Grand_Dukes_of_Baden,_1806–1918" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Baden">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden">Leopold</a>, Grand Duke (1830–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Louis II, Grand Duke of Baden">Louis II</a>, Grand Duke (1852–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden">Frederick I</a>, Regent (1852–1856), Grand Duke (1856–1907)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria#Kingdom_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Bavaria">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian II of Bavaria">Maximilian II</a>, King (1848–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig II of Bavaria">Ludwig II</a>, King (1864–1886)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Duchy of Brunswick</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel#Table_of_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="William, Duke of Brunswick">William</a>, Duke (1830–1884)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Free City of Frankfurt</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Stadtoberh%C3%A4upter_von_Frankfurt_am_Main#Ältere_Bürgermeister_der_Freien_Reichsstadt" class="extiw" title="de:Liste der Stadtoberhäupter von Frankfurt am Main">de:complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm Freiherr von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Georg_Neuburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Georg Neuburg (page does not exist)">Johann Georg Neuburg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Georg_Neuburg_(Politiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Georg Neuburg (Politiker)">de</a>]</span>, Senior Mayor (1852)</li> <li>Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden, Senior Mayor (1853)</li> <li>Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1854)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Ludwig_von_Harnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Ludwig von Harnier (page does not exist)">Eduard Ludwig von Harnier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Ludwig_von_Harnier" class="extiw" title="de:Eduard Ludwig von Harnier">de</a>]</span>, Senior Mayor (1855)</li> <li>Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1856)</li> <li>Eduard Ludwig von Harnier, Senior Mayor (1857)</li> <li>Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1858)</li> <li>Eduard Ludwig von Harnier, Senior Mayor (1859)</li> <li>Samuel Gottlieb Müller, Senior Mayor (1860)</li> <li>Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm Freiherr von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1861)</li> <li>Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1862)</li> <li>Samuel Gottlieb Müller, Senior Mayor (1863)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Heinrich_Emil_von_Oven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Heinrich Emil von Oven (page does not exist)">Anton Heinrich Emil von Oven</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Heinrich_Emil_von_Oven" class="extiw" title="de:Anton Heinrich Emil von Oven">de</a>]</span>, Senior Mayor (1864)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philipp_Friedrich_Gwinner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philipp Friedrich Gwinner (page does not exist)">Philipp Friedrich Gwinner</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Friedrich_Gwinner" class="extiw" title="de:Philipp Friedrich Gwinner">de</a>]</span>, Senior Mayor (1865)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Konstanz_Viktor_Fellner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Konstanz Viktor Fellner (page does not exist)">Karl Konstanz Viktor Fellner</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Konstanz_Viktor_Fellner" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Konstanz Viktor Fellner">de</a>]</span>, Senior Mayor (1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Kingdom of Hanover</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Hanover#List_of_Kings_of_Hanover" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Hanover">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_King_of_Hanover" title="Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover">Ernest Augustus</a>, King (1837–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V_of_Hanover" title="George V of Hanover">George V</a>, King (1851–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Hesse#Table_of_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Hesse">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse" title="Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse">Louis III</a>, Grand Duke (1848–1877)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Homburg" title="Hesse-Homburg">Hesse-Homburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Hesse#Table_of_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Hesse">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Homburg" title="Ferdinand, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg">Ferdinand</a>, Landgrave (1848–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hesse" title="Electorate of Hesse">Electorate of Hesse</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Hesse#Table_of_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Hesse">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Hesse" title="Frederick William, Elector of Hesse">Frederick William</a>, Elector (1847–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Philippsthal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Philippsthal">Hesse-Philippsthal</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Hesse#Table_of_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Hesse">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Philippsthal" title="Charles II, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal">Charles II</a>, Landgrave (1849–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld">Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Hesse#Table_of_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Hesse">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld" title="Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld">Charles</a>, Landgrave (1803–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld" title="Alexis, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld">Alexis</a>, Landgrave (1854–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Duchy of Holstein</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Dukes (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Schleswig-Holstein#The_House_of_Oldenburg" title="List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederik VII</a>, Duke (1848–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Christian IX of Denmark">Christian IX</a>, Duke (1863–1864)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statholder" class="mw-redirect" title="Statholder">Statholders</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holstein-Gl%C3%BCckstadt#List_of_statholders_in_Schleswig-Holstein-Glückstadt" title="Holstein-Glückstadt">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" title="Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg</a>, Statholder (1842–1851)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein">Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen-Birstein#Counts_of_Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein_(1511–1711)" title="Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Ernst_III,_Prince_of_Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen-Birstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Ernst III, Prince of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein (page does not exist)">Wolfgang Ernest III</a>, Prince (1820–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lippe" title="Principality of Lippe">Principality of Lippe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lippe#Princes_of_Lippe" title="Principality of Lippe">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Prince_of_Lippe" title="Leopold II, Prince of Lippe">Leopold II</a>, Prince (1802–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Prince_of_Lippe" title="Leopold III, Prince of Lippe">Leopold III</a>, Prince (1851–1875)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Limburg_(1839%E2%80%931867)" title="Duchy of Limburg (1839–1867)">Duchy of Limburg (1839–1867)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Limburg#Dukes_of_Limburg_(1839–1866)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Limburg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III</a>, Duke (1849–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Free City of Lübeck</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbecker_B%C3%BCrgermeister#12._und_13._Jahrhundert" class="extiw" title="de:Lübecker Bürgermeister">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Joachim_Friedrich_Torkuhl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl (page does not exist)">Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Friedrich_Torkuhl" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1851–1852)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Hermann_Eschenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Hermann Eschenburg (page does not exist)">Johann Hermann Eschenburg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Hermann_Eschenburg" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Hermann Eschenburg">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1851–1852)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Heinrich_Frister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernhard Heinrich Frister (page does not exist)">Bernhard Heinrich Frister</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Heinrich_Frister" class="extiw" title="de:Bernhard Heinrich Frister">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1853–1854)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ludwig_Roeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ludwig Roeck (page does not exist)">Karl Ludwig Roeck</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_Roeck" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Ludwig Roeck">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1855–1856)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Hermann_Eschenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Hermann Eschenburg (page does not exist)">Johann Hermann Eschenburg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Hermann_Eschenburg" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Hermann Eschenburg">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1857–1858)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Joachim_Friedrich_Torkuhl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl (page does not exist)">Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Friedrich_Torkuhl" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1857–1858)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ludwig_Roeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ludwig Roeck (page does not exist)">Karl Ludwig Roeck</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_Roeck" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Ludwig Roeck">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Brehmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Brehmer (page does not exist)">Heinrich Brehmer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Brehmer_(Diplomat)" class="extiw" title="de:Heinrich Brehmer (Diplomat)">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ludwig_Roeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ludwig Roeck (page does not exist)">Karl Ludwig Roeck</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_Roeck" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Ludwig Roeck">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Brehmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Brehmer (page does not exist)">Heinrich Brehmer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Brehmer_(Diplomat)" class="extiw" title="de:Heinrich Brehmer (Diplomat)">de</a>]</span>, Mayor (1865–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Duchy</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Mecklenburg#Table_of_rulers" title="List of rulers of Mecklenburg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Francis_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Frederick Francis II</a>, Grand Duke (1842–1883)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Duchy</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Mecklenburg#Table_of_rulers" title="List of rulers of Mecklenburg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/George,_Grand_Duke_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="George, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">George I</a>, Grand Duke (1816–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Grand_Duke_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Frederick William II</a>, Grand Duke (1860–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau" title="Duchy of Nassau">Duchy of Nassau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau#Dukes" title="Duchy of Nassau">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolphe</a>, Duke (1839–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg" title="Grand Duchy of Oldenburg">Grand Duchy of Oldenburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Counts,_dukes_and_grand_dukes_of_Oldenburg#Grand_Dukes_of_Oldenburg" title="Counts, dukes and grand dukes of Oldenburg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus,_Grand_Duke_of_Oldenburg" title="Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg">Augustus I</a>, Grand Duke (1829–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Oldenburg" title="Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg">Peter II</a>, Grand Duke (1853–1900)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Reuss-Gera" title="Principality of Reuss-Gera">Reuss-Gera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Reuss-Gera#Princes_of_Reuss-Gera_(1806–1918)" title="Principality of Reuss-Gera">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_LXII,_Prince_Reuss_Younger_Line" title="Heinrich LXII, Prince Reuss Younger Line">Heinrich LXII</a>, Prince (1818–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_LXVII,_Prince_Reuss_Younger_Line" title="Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line">Heinrich LXVII</a>, Prince (1854–1867)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Reuss-Greiz" title="Principality of Reuss-Greiz">Reuss-Greiz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Reuss-Greiz#Princes_of_Reuss-Greiz_(1778–1918)" title="Principality of Reuss-Greiz">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_XX,_Prince_Reuss_of_Greiz" title="Heinrich XX, Prince Reuss of Greiz">Heinrich XX</a>, Prince (1836–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_XXII,_Prince_Reuss_of_Greiz" title="Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz">Heinrich XXII</a>, Prince (1859–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Horstmar" title="Salm-Horstmar">Salm-Horstmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salm-Horstmar#Count_of_Salm-Horstmar_(1803–1813)" title="Salm-Horstmar">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Wilhelm Friedrich, Prince (1816–1865)</li> <li>Otto I, Prince (1865–1892)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha#Dukes_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha_(1826–1918)" title="Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_II,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Ernest II</a>, Duke (1844–1893)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Altenburg" title="Saxe-Altenburg">Saxe-Altenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxe-Hildburghausen" title="Saxe-Hildburghausen">Saxe-Hildburghausen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saxe-Altenburg#Dukes_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Saxe-Altenburg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georg,_Duke_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Georg</a>, Duke (1848–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_I,_Duke_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Ernst I</a>, Duke (1853–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Meiningen" title="Saxe-Meiningen">Saxe-Meiningen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saxe-Meiningen#Dukes_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Saxe-Meiningen">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_II,_Duke_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen">Bernhard II</a>, Duke (1803–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach#Princes_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick,_Grand_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Charles Frederick</a>, Grand Duke (1828–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexander,_Grand_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Charles Alexander</a>, Grand Duke (1853–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Kingdom of Saxony</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saxony#Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="List of rulers of Saxony">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_II_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus II of Saxony">Frederick Augustus II</a>, King (1836–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Saxony" title="John, King of Saxony">John</a>, King (1854–1873)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt" title="Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt">Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt#Rulers_of_Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt" title="Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_G%C3%BCnther,_Prince_of_Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt" title="Friedrich Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt">Frederick Günther</a>, Prince (1807–1867)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzburg-Sondershausen" title="Schwarzburg-Sondershausen">Schwarzburg-Sondershausen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schwarzburg-Sondershausen#Rulers_of_Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,_1552–1918" title="Schwarzburg-Sondershausen">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnther_Friedrich_Carl_II._(Schwarzburg-Sondershausen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günther Friedrich Carl II. (Schwarzburg-Sondershausen) (page does not exist)">Günther Friedrich Carl II</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Friedrich_Carl_II._(Schwarzburg-Sondershausen)" class="extiw" title="de:Günther Friedrich Carl II. (Schwarzburg-Sondershausen)">de</a>]</span>, Prince (1835–1880)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont#Rulers_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Victor,_Prince_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont">George Victor</a>, Prince (1845–1893)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Kingdom of Württemberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg#Kings_of_Württemberg_1806–1918" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Württemberg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Frederick I of Württemberg">Frederick I</a>, Duke (1797–1803), Elector (1803–1805), King (1805–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="William I of Württemberg">William I</a>, King (1816–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Charles I of Württemberg">Charles I</a>, King (1864–1891)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen" title="Isenburg-Büdingen">Ysenburg and Büdingen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen#Princes_of_Ysenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen" title="Isenburg-Büdingen">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Casimir_II,_2nd_Prince_of_Ysenburg_and_B%C3%BCdingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernst Casimir II, 2nd Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen">Ernest Casimir II</a>, Prince (1848–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno,_Prince_of_Ysenburg_and_B%C3%BCdingen" title="Bruno, Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen">Bruno</a>, Prince (1861–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe:_East">Europe: East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Europe: East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Romania</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Moldavia#List" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Moldavia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Alexandru_Ghica" title="Grigore Alexandru Ghica">Grigore Alexandru Ghica</a>, Prince (1849–1853, 1854–1856)</li> <li>Russian occupation (1853–1854)</li> <li>Protectorate established by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1856)" title="Treaty of Paris (1856)">Treaty of Paris</a> (1856–1859)</li> <li>Extraordinary Administrative Council–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Bal%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Teodor Balş">Teodor Balș</a>, Kaymakam (1856–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Vogoride" title="Nicolae Vogoride">Nicolae Vogoride</a>, Kaymakam (1857–1858)</li> <li>Kaymakams (1858–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_John_Cuza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander John Cuza">Alexander John Cuza</a>, Prince (1859–1862)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Wallachia" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Wallachia">Principality of Wallachia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Wallachia#List" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Wallachia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1848_Wallachian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 Wallachian revolution">Provisional Government</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Wallachian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 Wallachian revolution">Locotenența domnească</a>, Regency of three (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Pasha" title="Omar Pasha">Omar Pasha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_L%C3%BCders" title="Alexander von Lüders">Alexander von Lüders</a>, military commanders (1848–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Cantacuzino_(died_1877)" title="Constantin Cantacuzino (died 1877)">Constantin Cantacuzino</a>, Kaymakam (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_%C8%98tirbei" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbu Știrbei">Barbu Știrbei</a>, Prince (1848–1853, 854–1856)</li> <li>Russian occupation (1853–1854)</li> <li>Ottoman occupation (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Coronini-Cronberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Coronini-Cronberg">Johann Coronini-Cronberg</a>, military commander (1854–1856)</li> <li>Protectorate established by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1856)" title="Treaty of Paris (1856)">Treaty of Paris</a> (1856–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_II_Ghica" title="Alexandru II Ghica">Alexandru II Ghica</a>, Kaymakam (1856–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Manu" title="Ioan Manu">Ioan Manu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emanoil_B%C4%83leanu" title="Emanoil Băleanu">Emanoil Băleanu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_A._Filipescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan A. Filipescu (page does not exist)">Ioan A. Filipescu</a>, Caimacam of three (1858–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_John_Cuza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander John Cuza">Alexander John Cuza</a>, Prince (1859–1862)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia/ Romanian United Principalities/ Romania</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor">Domnitors</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Romania#United_Principalities_(1859–1881)" title="List of heads of state of Romania">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_John_Cuza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander John Cuza">Alexander John Cuza</a>, Domnitor (1862–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">Nicolae Golescu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Haralambie" title="Nicolae Haralambie">Nicolae Haralambie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Lieutenancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princely Lieutenancy (page does not exist)">Princely Lieutenancy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locotenen%C8%9Ba_Domneasc%C4%83_(1866)" class="extiw" title="ro:Locotenența Domnească (1866)">ro</a>]</span> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a>, Domnitor (1866–1881)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Prime ministers (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Romania" title="List of heads of government of Romania">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu" title="Barbu Catargiu">Barbu Catargiu</a>, Prime minister (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Apostol Arsache</a>, acting Prime minister (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Nicolae Crețulescu</a>, Prime minister (1862–1863, 1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Mihail Kogălniceanu</a>, Prime minister (1863–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Bosianu" title="Constantin Bosianu">Constantin Bosianu</a>, Prime minister (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">Ion Ghica</a>, Prime minister (1866, 1866–1867, 1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a>, Prime minister (1866, 1871–1876, 1889, 1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_A._Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Constantin A. Crețulescu">Constantin A. Crețulescu</a>, Prime minister (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Golescu" title="Ștefan Golescu">Ștefan Golescu</a>, Prime minister (1867–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">Nicolae Golescu</a>, Prime minister (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Ghica" title="Dimitrie Ghica">Dimitrie Ghica</a>, Prime minister (1868–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_G._Golescu" title="Alexandru G. Golescu">Alexandru G. Golescu</a>, Prime minister (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Manolache Costache Epureanu</a>, Prime minister (1870, 1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Ion Emanuel Florescu</a>, Prime minister (1876, 1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a>, Prime minister (1876–1881, 1881–1888)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">Kings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="List of heads of state of Romania">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Romania">Charles I</a>, King (1881–1914)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Prime ministers (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Romania" title="List of heads of government of Romania">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a>, Prime minister (1881, 1881–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Br%C4%83tianu" title="Dimitrie Brătianu">Dimitrie Brătianu</a>, Prime minister (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Rosetti" title="Theodor Rosetti">Theodor Rosetti</a>, Prime minister (1881–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a>, Prime minister (1866, 1871–1876, 1889, 1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Ion Emanuel Florescu</a>, Prime minister (1876, 1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Dimitrie Sturdza</a>, Prime minister (1895–1896, 1897–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Petre S. Aurelian</a>, Prime minister (1896–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino">Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino</a>, Prime minister (1899–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Carp" title="Petre P. Carp">Petre P. Carp</a>, Prime minister (1900–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Russia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_All_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of All Russia">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian rulers">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a>, Emperor (1825–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II</a>, Emperor (1855–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia">Alexander III</a>, Emperor (1881–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a>, Emperor (1894–1917)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Heads of government (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Russia" title="List of heads of government of Russia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chernyshyov" title="Alexander Chernyshyov">Alexander Chernyshyov</a>, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1848–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Fyodorovich_Orlov" title="Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov">Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov</a>, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1856–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Bludov" title="Dmitry Bludov">Dmitry Bludov</a>, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gagarin" title="Pavel Gagarin">Pavel Gagarin</a>, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1865–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Pavlovich_Ignatyev" title="Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev">Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev</a>, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1872–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Valuyev" title="Pyotr Valuyev">Pyotr Valuyev</a>, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Reitern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Reitern (page does not exist)">Mikhail Reitern</a>, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1881–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bunge" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Bunge">Nikolai Bunge</a>, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1887–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Durnovo" title="Ivan Durnovo">Ivan Durnovo</a>, Chairman of the committee of ministers (1895–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Imamate" title="Caucasian Imamate">Caucasian Imamate</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Shamil" title="Imam Shamil">Shamil</a>, Imam (1834–1859)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Ukraine</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Galician rulers">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>1804–1918, crownland of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph I</a>, King (1848–1916)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe:_Nordic">Europe: Nordic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Europe: Nordic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Denmark</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederik VII</a>, King (1848–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Christian IX of Denmark">Christian IX</a>, King (1863–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Denmark">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Wilhelm_Moltke" title="Adam Wilhelm Moltke">Adam Wilhelm Moltke</a>, Prime minister (1848–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Albrecht_Bluhme" title="Christian Albrecht Bluhme">Christian Albrecht Bluhme</a>, Prime minister (1852–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Sand%C3%B8e_%C3%98rsted" title="Anders Sandøe Ørsted">Anders Sandøe Ørsted</a>, Prime minister (1853–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Georg_Bang" title="Peter Georg Bang">Peter Georg Bang</a>, Prime minister (1854–1855), Council president (1855–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Christoffer_Georg_Andr%C3%A6" title="Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ">Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ</a>, Council president (1856–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Hall" title="Carl Christian Hall">Carl Christian Hall</a>, Council president (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Edvard_Rotwitt" title="Carl Edvard Rotwitt">Carl Edvard Rotwitt</a>, Council president (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Hall" title="Carl Christian Hall">Carl Christian Hall</a>, Council president (1860–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditlev_Gothard_Monrad" title="Ditlev Gothard Monrad">Ditlev Gothard Monrad</a>, Council president (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Albrecht_Bluhme" title="Christian Albrecht Bluhme">Christian Albrecht Bluhme</a>, Council president (1864–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Emil_Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs" title="Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs">Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs</a>, Council president (1865–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Holstein-Holsteinborg" title="Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg">Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg</a>, Council president (1870–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christen_Andreas_Fonnesbech" title="Christen Andreas Fonnesbech">Christen Andreas Fonnesbech</a>, Council president (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Br%C3%B8nnum_Scavenius_Estrup" title="Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup">Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup</a>, Council president (1875–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tage_Reedtz-Thott" title="Tage Reedtz-Thott">Tage Reedtz-Thott</a>, Council president (1894–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Egmont_H%C3%B8rring" title="Hugo Egmont Hørring">Hugo Egmont Hørring</a>, Council president (1897–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Sehested_(council_president)" title="Hannibal Sehested (council president)">Hannibal Sehested</a>, Council president (1900–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Duchy of Schleswig</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederik VII</a>, Duke (1848–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Christian IX of Denmark">Christian IX</a>, Duke (1863–1864)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Finland</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Finland#Grand_Princes" title="Grand Duke of Finland">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a>, Grand Prince (1825–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II</a>, Grand Prince (1855–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia">Alexander III</a>, Grand Prince (1881–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a>, Grand Prince (1894–1917)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Sweden–Norway</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Sweden–Norway</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">complete list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" title="Oscar I of Sweden">Oscar I</a>, King (1844–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XV_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XV of Sweden">Charles XV/IV</a>, King (1859–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_II_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar II of Sweden">Oscar II</a>, King (1872–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Prime ministers: Sweden</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Sweden">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gerhard_De_Geer" title="Louis Gerhard De Geer">Louis Gerhard De Geer</a>, Prime minister (1876–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvid_Posse" title="Arvid Posse">Arvid Posse</a>, Prime minister (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Johan_Thyselius" title="Carl Johan Thyselius">Carl Johan Thyselius</a>, Prime minister (1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Themptander" title="Robert Themptander">Robert Themptander</a>, Prime minister (1884–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_Bildt" title="Gillis Bildt">Gillis Bildt</a>, Prime minister (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_%C3%85kerhielm" title="Gustaf Åkerhielm">Gustaf Åkerhielm</a>, Prime minister (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Bostr%C3%B6m" title="Erik Gustaf Boström">Erik Gustaf Boström</a>, Prime minister (1891–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_von_Otter" title="Fredrik von Otter">Fredrik von Otter</a>, Prime minister (1900–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norwegian prime ministers in Stockholm</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Norway" title="List of heads of government of Norway">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Richard_Kierulf" title="Otto Richard Kierulf">Otto Richard Kierulf</a>, Prime minister (1873–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Wenzel_von_Haffner" title="Wolfgang Wenzel von Haffner">Wolfgang Wenzel von Haffner</a>, Acting Prime minister (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Otto_L%C3%B8venskiold" title="Carl Otto Løvenskiold">Carl Otto Løvenskiold</a>, Prime minister (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Richter" title="Ole Richter">Ole Richter</a>, Prime minister (1884–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Jacob_Stang_(prime_minister)" title="Hans Georg Jacob Stang (prime minister)">Hans Georg Jacob Stang</a>, Prime minister (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregers_Gram_(1846%E2%80%931929)" title="Gregers Gram (1846–1929)">Gregers Gram</a>, Prime minister (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Blehr" title="Otto Blehr">Otto Blehr</a>, Prime minister (1891–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregers_Gram_(1846%E2%80%931929)" title="Gregers Gram (1846–1929)">Gregers Gram</a>, Prime minister (1893–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Blehr" title="Otto Blehr">Otto Blehr</a>, Prime minister (1898–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Heads of government in Norway (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Norway" title="List of heads of government of Norway">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>First ministers in Christiania, Norway</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Johan_Lohmann_Krog" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolai Johan Lohmann Krog">Nicolai Johan Lohmann Krog</a>, First Minister (1836–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Herman_Vogt" title="Jørgen Herman Vogt">Jørgen Herman Vogt</a>, First Minister (1855–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Petersen" title="Hans Christian Petersen">Hans Christian Petersen</a>, First Minister (1858–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_Stang" title="Frederik Stang">Frederik Stang</a>, First Minister (1861–1873)</li></ul></dd> <dd><i>Prime ministers in Christiania, Norway</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_Stang" title="Frederik Stang">Frederik Stang</a>, Prime minister (1873–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_August_Selmer" title="Christian August Selmer">Christian August Selmer</a>, Prime minister (1880–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Homann_Schweigaard" title="Christian Homann Schweigaard">Christian Homann Schweigaard</a>, Prime minister (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Sverdrup" title="Johan Sverdrup">Johan Sverdrup</a>, Prime minister (1884–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Stang" title="Emil Stang">Emil Stang</a>, Prime minister (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Steen" title="Johannes Steen">Johannes Steen</a>, Prime minister (1891–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Stang" title="Emil Stang">Emil Stang</a>, Prime minister (1893–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hagerup" title="Francis Hagerup">Francis Hagerup</a>, Prime minister (1895–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Steen" title="Johannes Steen">Johannes Steen</a>, Prime minister (1898–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe:_Southcentral">Europe: Southcentral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Europe: Southcentral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Italy</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Italy" title="Monarchy of Italy">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Italy" title="List of heads of state of Italy">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, King (1861–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a>, King (1878–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III</a>, King (1900–1946)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Italy">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso</a>, Prime minister (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Bettino Ricasoli</a>, Prime minister (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Urbano Rattazzi</a>, Prime minister (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Carlo_Farini" title="Luigi Carlo Farini">Luigi Carlo Farini</a>, Prime minister (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Marco Minghetti</a>, Prime minister (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora</a>, Prime minister (1864–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Bettino Ricasoli</a>, Prime minister (1866–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Urbano Rattazzi</a>, Prime minister (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federico_Menabrea" title="Luigi Federico Menabrea">Luigi Federico Menabrea</a>, Prime minister (1867–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Giovanni Lanza</a>, Prime minister (1869–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Marco Minghetti</a>, Prime minister (1873–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Agostino Depretis</a>, Prime minister (1876–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Benedetto Cairoli</a>, Prime minister (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Agostino Depretis</a>, Prime minister (1878–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Benedetto Cairoli</a>, Prime minister (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Agostino Depretis</a>, Prime minister (1881–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Francesco Crispi</a>, Prime minister (1887–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Antonio Starabba</a>, Prime minister (1891–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giovanni Giolitti</a>, Prime minister (1892–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Francesco Crispi</a>, Prime minister (1893–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Antonio Starabba</a>, Prime minister (1896–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pelloux" title="Luigi Pelloux">Luigi Pelloux</a>, Prime minister (1898–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saracco" title="Giuseppe Saracco">Giuseppe Saracco</a>, Prime minister (1900–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia#Kings" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Joseph_I_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph I</a>, King (1848–1866)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Ferrara_and_of_Modena#Table_of_rulers" title="Duke of Ferrara and of Modena">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_V,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis V, Duke of Modena">Francesco V</a>, Duke (1846–1859)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Duchy of Parma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Parma#Reigning_Dukes_of_Parma_(1545–1802)" title="Duke of Parma">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III</a>, Duke (1849–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Robert I, Duke of Parma">Robert I</a>, Duke (1854–1859)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sardinia#Kings_of_Sardinia_and_Corsica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sardinia">complete list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sardinia#House_of_Savoy,_1720–1861" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sardinia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, King of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy (1849–1861)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies#List_of_kings" title="List of monarchs of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand II</a>, King (1830–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis II of the Two Sicilies">Francis II</a>, King (1859–1861)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Tuscany#Medici_grand_dukes_of_Tuscany,_1569–1737" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Tuscany">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Leopoldo II</a>, Grand Duke (1824–1849, 1849–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinando IV</a>, Grand Duke (1859)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Malta</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Crown Colony of Malta</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1813–1964</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>San Marino</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">Captains Regent</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Captains_Regent_of_San_Marino,_1700%E2%80%931900" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Captains Regent of San Marino, 1700–1900">1700–1900</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giambattista_Bonelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giambattista Bonelli (page does not exist)">Giambattista Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Berti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Berti (page does not exist)">Marino Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1850–1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Guidi_Giangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Guidi Giangi (page does not exist)">Francesco Guidi Giangi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Suzzi_Valli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Suzzi Valli (page does not exist)">Marco Suzzi Valli</a>, Captains Regent (1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domenic%27_Antonio_Bartolotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domenic' Antonio Bartolotti (page does not exist)">Domenic' Antonio Bartolotti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Para&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Para (page does not exist)">Antonio Para</a>, Captains Regent (1851–1852)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchiorre_Filippi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melchiorre Filippi (page does not exist)">Melchiorre Filippi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Righi (page does not exist)">Pietro Righi</a>, Captains Regent (1852)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Filippo Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Simoncini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Simoncini (page does not exist)">Gaetano Simoncini</a>, Captains Regent (1852–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Maria_Belzoppi" title="Domenico Maria Belzoppi">Domenico Maria Belzoppi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Matteo_Berti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pier Matteo Berti (page does not exist)">Pier Matteo Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1853)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giambattista_Braschi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giambattista Braschi (page does not exist)">Giambattista Braschi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Valli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Valli (page does not exist)">Francesco Valli</a>, Captains Regent (1853–1854)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girolamo_Gozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girolamo Gozi (page does not exist)">Girolamo Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Ugolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Ugolini (page does not exist)">Pietro Ugolini</a>, Captains Regent (1854)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Guidi_Giangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Guidi Giangi (page does not exist)">Francesco Guidi Giangi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Barbieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Barbieri (page does not exist)">Pietro Barbieri</a>, Captains Regent (1854–1855)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Gaetano Belluzzi</a> (represented by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Filippo Belluzzi</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Rossini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Rossini (page does not exist)">Francesco Rossini</a>, Captains Regent (1855)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Benedetto_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Masi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Masi (page does not exist)">Marino Masi</a>, Captains Regent (1855–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Filippi" title="Giuseppe Filippi">Giuseppe Filippi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Righi (page does not exist)">Pietro Righi</a>, Captains Regent (1856)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchiorre_Filippi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melchiorre Filippi (page does not exist)">Melchiorre Filippi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Simoncini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Simoncini (page does not exist)">Gaetano Simoncini</a>, Captains Regent (1856–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Bonelli" title="Innocenzo Bonelli">Innocenzo Bonelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, Captains Regent (1857)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Berti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Berti (page does not exist)">Giacomo Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1857–1858)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Guidi_Giangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Guidi Giangi (page does not exist)">Francesco Guidi Giangi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Malpeli (page does not exist)">Marino Malpeli</a>, Captains Regent (1858)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Filippo Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasquale_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasquale Marcucci (page does not exist)">Pasquale Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1858–1859)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Giuliano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Ceccoli_(1859)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Ceccoli (1859) (page does not exist)">Michele Ceccoli</a>, Captains Regent (1859)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palamede_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palamede Malpeli (page does not exist)">Palamede Malpeli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Matteo_Berti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pier Matteo Berti (page does not exist)">Pier Matteo Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Filippi" title="Giuseppe Filippi">Giuseppe Filippi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Righi (page does not exist)">Pietro Righi</a>, Captains Regent (1860)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Gaetano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Costanzo_Damiani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costanzo Damiani (page does not exist)">Costanzo Damiani</a>, Captains Regent (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Berti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Berti (page does not exist)">Giacomo Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1861)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchiorre_Filippi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melchiorre Filippi (page does not exist)">Melchiorre Filippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, Captains Regent (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Bonelli" title="Innocenzo Bonelli">Innocenzo Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Simoncini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Simoncini (page does not exist)">Gaetano Simoncini</a>, Captains Regent (1862)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Guidi_Giangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Guidi Giangi (page does not exist)">Francesco Guidi Giangi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Tonnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Tonnini (page does not exist)">Pietro Tonnini</a>, Captains Regent (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Giuliano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Ceccoli_(1859)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Ceccoli (1859) (page does not exist)">Michele Ceccoli</a>, Captains Regent (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Filippi" title="Giuseppe Filippi">Giuseppe Filippi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Casali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Casali (page does not exist)">Francesco Casali</a>, Captains Regent (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Gaetano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Righi (page does not exist)">Pietro Righi</a>, Captains Regent (1864)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palamede_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palamede Malpeli (page does not exist)">Palamede Malpeli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasquale_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasquale Marcucci (page does not exist)">Pasquale Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1864–1865)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Berti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Berti (page does not exist)">Giacomo Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1865)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Filippo Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvestro_Masi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvestro Masi (page does not exist)">Silvestro Masi</a>, Captains Regent (1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Bonelli" title="Innocenzo Bonelli">Innocenzo Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Vita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Vita (page does not exist)">Michele Vita</a>, Captains Regent (1866)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchiorre_Filippi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melchiorre Filippi (page does not exist)">Melchiorre Filippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, Captains Regent (1866–1867)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Giuliano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Ceccoli_(1859)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Ceccoli (1859) (page does not exist)">Michele Ceccoli</a>, Captains Regent (1867)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Simoncini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Simoncini (page does not exist)">Gaetano Simoncini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Righi (page does not exist)">Pietro Righi</a>, Captains Regent (1867–1868)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palamede_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palamede Malpeli (page does not exist)">Palamede Malpeli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Vagnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Vagnini (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Vagnini</a>, Captains Regent (1868)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Tonnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Tonnini (page does not exist)">Pietro Tonnini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sante_Lonfernini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sante Lonfernini (page does not exist)">Sante Lonfernini</a>, Captains Regent (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Filippo Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Malpeli (page does not exist)">Francesco Malpeli</a>, Captains Regent (1869)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Berti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Berti (page does not exist)">Giacomo Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1869–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Bonelli" title="Innocenzo Bonelli">Innocenzo Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortollero_Grazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortollero Grazia (page does not exist)">Ortollero Grazia</a>, Captains Regent (1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchiorre_Filippi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melchiorre Filippi (page does not exist)">Melchiorre Filippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, Captains Regent (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Simoncini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Simoncini (page does not exist)">Gaetano Simoncini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Ugolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Ugolini (page does not exist)">Pietro Ugolini</a>, Captains Regent (1871)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palamede_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palamede Malpeli (page does not exist)">Palamede Malpeli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Pasquali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Pasquali (page does not exist)">Luigi Pasquali</a>, Captains Regent (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Giuliano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Berti" title="Pietro Berti">Pietro Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1872)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Gozi_(1872)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Gozi (1872) (page does not exist)">Federico Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Malpeli (page does not exist)">Francesco Malpeli</a>, Captains Regent (1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Marcucci (page does not exist)">Francesco Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Filippi" title="Giuseppe Filippi">Giuseppe Filippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marino_Fattori" title="Marino Fattori">Marino Fattori</a>, Captains Regent (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Filippo Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Babboni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Babboni (page does not exist)">Marino Babboni</a>, Captains Regent (1874)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Simoncini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Simoncini (page does not exist)">Gaetano Simoncini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, Captains Regent (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palamede_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palamede Malpeli (page does not exist)">Palamede Malpeli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Pasquali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Pasquali (page does not exist)">Luigi Pasquali</a>, Captains Regent (1875)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Tonnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Tonnini (page does not exist)">Pietro Tonnini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Giacomini_(1875)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Giacomini (1875) (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Giacomini</a>, Captains Regent (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Gaetano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sante_Lonfernini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sante Lonfernini (page does not exist)">Sante Lonfernini</a>, Captains Regent (1876)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Ceccoli_(1859)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Ceccoli (1859) (page does not exist)">Michele Ceccoli</a>, Captains Regent (1876–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Bonelli" title="Innocenzo Bonelli">Innocenzo Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Barbieri_(Captain_Regent)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Barbieri (Captain Regent) (page does not exist)">Andrea Barbieri</a>, Captains Regent (1877)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Giuliano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Ugolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Ugolini (page does not exist)">Pietro Ugolini</a>, Captains Regent (1877–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Babboni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Babboni (page does not exist)">Marino Babboni</a>, Captains Regent (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Bonelli" title="Camillo Bonelli">Camillo Bonelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Berti" title="Pietro Berti">Pietro Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1878–1879)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Simoncini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Simoncini (page does not exist)">Gaetano Simoncini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Nicolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Nicolini (page does not exist)">Marino Nicolini</a>, Captains Regent (1879)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Gozi_(1872)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Gozi (1872) (page does not exist)">Federico Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Malpeli (page does not exist)">Francesco Malpeli</a>, Captains Regent (1879–1880)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Pasquali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Pasquali (page does not exist)">Luigi Pasquali</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Giacomini_(1875)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Giacomini (1875) (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Giacomini</a>, Captains Regent (1880)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasquale_Busignani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasquale Busignani (page does not exist)">Pasquale Busignani</a>, Captains Regent (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Belluzzi_(1881)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Belluzzi (1881) (page does not exist)">Antonio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Martelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Martelli (page does not exist)">Marino Martelli</a>, Captains Regent (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodoro_Ceccoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodoro Ceccoli (page does not exist)">Teodoro Ceccoli</a>, Captains Regent (1881–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marino_Fattori" title="Marino Fattori">Marino Fattori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Marcucci (page does not exist)">Francesco Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1882)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Giuliano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Ceccoli_(1859)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Ceccoli (1859) (page does not exist)">Michele Ceccoli</a>, Captains Regent (1882–1883)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Tonnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Tonnini (page does not exist)">Pietro Tonnini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sante_Lonfernini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sante Lonfernini (page does not exist)">Sante Lonfernini</a>, Captains Regent (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Filippi" title="Pietro Filippi">Pietro Filippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Berti" title="Pietro Berti">Pietro Berti</a>, Captains Regent (1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Malpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Malpeli (page does not exist)">Francesco Malpeli</a>, Captains Regent (1884)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Gozi_(1872)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Gozi (1872) (page does not exist)">Federico Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Righi (page does not exist)">Antonio Righi</a>, Captains Regent (1884–1885)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Pasquali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Pasquali (page does not exist)">Luigi Pasquali</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasquale_Busignani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasquale Busignani (page does not exist)">Pasquale Busignani</a>, Captains Regent (1885)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Michetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Michetti (page does not exist)">Antonio Michetti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Nicolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Nicolini (page does not exist)">Marino Nicolini</a>, Captains Regent (1885–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodoro_Ceccoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodoro Ceccoli (page does not exist)">Teodoro Ceccoli</a>, Captains Regent (1886)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Simoncini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Simoncini (page does not exist)">Gaetano Simoncini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Ugolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Ugolini (page does not exist)">Pietro Ugolini</a>, Captains Regent (1886–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marino_Fattori" title="Marino Fattori">Marino Fattori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Lonfernini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Lonfernini (page does not exist)">Settimio Lonfernini</a>, Captains Regent (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Filippi" title="Pietro Filippi">Pietro Filippi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Martelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Martelli (page does not exist)">Federico Martelli</a>, Captains Regent (1887–1888)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Marcucci (page does not exist)">Marino Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1888)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Gozi_(1872)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Gozi (1872) (page does not exist)">Federico Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Righi (page does not exist)">Antonio Righi</a>, Captains Regent (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menetto_Bonelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menetto Bonelli (page does not exist)">Menetto Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Babboni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Babboni (page does not exist)">Marino Babboni</a>, Captains Regent (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Nicolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Nicolini (page does not exist)">Marino Nicolini</a>, Captains Regent (1889–1890)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Tonnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Tonnini (page does not exist)">Pietro Tonnini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Marcucci (page does not exist)">Francesco Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1890)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Giuliano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Ugolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Ugolini (page does not exist)">Pietro Ugolini</a>, Captains Regent (1890–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Filippi" title="Pietro Filippi">Pietro Filippi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Martelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Martelli (page does not exist)">Federico Martelli</a>, Captains Regent (1891)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Michetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Michetti (page does not exist)">Antonio Michetti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasquale_Busignani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasquale Busignani (page does not exist)">Pasquale Busignani</a>, Captains Regent (1891–1892)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Gozi_(1872)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Gozi (1872) (page does not exist)">Federico Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvestro_Vita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvestro Vita (page does not exist)">Silvestro Vita</a>, Captains Regent (1892)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemino_Gozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemino Gozi (page does not exist)">Gemino Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Marcucci (page does not exist)">Giacomo Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1892–1893)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menetto_Bonelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menetto Bonelli (page does not exist)">Menetto Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Babboni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Babboni (page does not exist)">Marino Babboni</a>, Captains Regent (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marino_Fattori" title="Marino Fattori">Marino Fattori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Francini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Francini (page does not exist)">Pietro Francini</a>, Captains Regent (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Tonnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Tonnini (page does not exist)">Pietro Tonnini</a>/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Giuliano Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Marcucci (page does not exist)">Francesco Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1894)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Belluzzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Belluzzi (page does not exist)">Settimio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Borbiconi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Borbiconi (page does not exist)">Marino Borbiconi</a>, Captains Regent (1894–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Righi (page does not exist)">Antonio Righi</a>, Captains Regent (1895)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Gozi_(1872)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Gozi (1872) (page does not exist)">Federico Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincenzo_Mularoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincenzo Mularoni (page does not exist)">Vincenzo Mularoni</a>, Captains Regent (1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Bonelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Bonelli (page does not exist)">Giovanni Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Settimio_Lonfernini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settimio Lonfernini (page does not exist)">Settimio Lonfernini</a>, Captains Regent (1896)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menetto_Bonelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menetto Bonelli (page does not exist)">Menetto Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Babboni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Babboni (page does not exist)">Marino Babboni</a>, Captains Regent (1896–1897)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Tonnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Tonnini (page does not exist)">Luigi Tonnini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodoro_Ceccoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodoro Ceccoli (page does not exist)">Teodoro Ceccoli</a>, Captains Regent (1897)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Belluzzi_(1881)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Belluzzi (1881) (page does not exist)">Antonio Belluzzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasquale_Busignani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasquale Busignani (page does not exist)">Pasquale Busignani</a>, Captains Regent (1897–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Filippi" title="Pietro Filippi">Pietro Filippi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onofrio_Fattori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onofrio Fattori (page does not exist)">Onofrio Fattori</a>, Captains Regent (1898)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Borbiconi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Borbiconi (page does not exist)">Marino Borbiconi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Marcucci (page does not exist)">Francesco Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemino_Gozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemino Gozi (page does not exist)">Gemino Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Marcucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Marcucci (page does not exist)">Giacomo Marcucci</a>, Captains Regent (1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Gozi_(1872)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Gozi (1872) (page does not exist)">Federico Gozi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvestro_Vita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvestro Vita (page does not exist)">Silvestro Vita</a>, Captains Regent (1899–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fattori" title="Domenico Fattori">Domenico Fattori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Righi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Righi (page does not exist)">Antonio Righi</a>, Captains Regent (1900)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Bonelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Bonelli (page does not exist)">Giovanni Bonelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Ugolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Ugolini (page does not exist)">Pietro Ugolini</a>, Captains Regent (1900–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Vatican City</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pius IX</a>, Pope (1846–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Leo XII</a>, Pope (1878–1903)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe:_Southwest">Europe: Southwest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Europe: Southwest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Andorra</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Episcopal <a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Co-Princes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_co-princes_of_Andorra" title="List of co-princes of Andorra">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3_de_Guardiola_y_Hortoneda" class="mw-redirect" title="Simó de Guardiola y Hortoneda">Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda</a>, Episcopal Co-Prince (1827–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Caixal_i_Estrad%C3%A9" title="Josep Caixal i Estradé">Josep Caixal i Estradé</a>, Episcopal Co-Prince (1853–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Casa%C3%B1as_y_Pag%C3%A9s" title="Salvador Casañas y Pagés">Salvador Casañas y Pagés</a>, Episcopal Co-Prince (1879–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>French <a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Co-Princes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_co-princes_of_Andorra" title="List of co-princes of Andorra">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon III">Napoléon III</a>, French Co-Prince (1848–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Adolphe Thiers</a>, French Co-Prince (1871–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_de_Mac-Mahon,_Duke_of_Magenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta">Patrice de Mac-Mahon</a>, French Co-Prince (1873–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Jules Armand Dufaure</a>, Acting French Co-Prince (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Jules Grévy</a>, French Co-Prince (1879–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Maurice Rouvier</a>, Acting French Co-Prince (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot">Marie François Sadi Carnot</a>, French Co-Prince (1887–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Charles Dupuy</a>, Acting French Co-Prince (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Jean Casimir-Perier</a>, French Co-Prince (1894–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Charles Dupuy</a>, Acting French Co-Prince (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a>, French Co-Prince (1895–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Charles Dupuy</a>, Acting French Co-Prince (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a>, French Co-Prince (1899–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Portugal</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Monarchs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_II_of_Portugal" title="Maria II of Portugal">Maria II</a>, Queen (1826–1828, 1834–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Portugal" title="Ferdinand II of Portugal">Ferdinand II</a>, King (1837–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_V_of_Portugal" title="Pedro V of Portugal">Pedro V</a>, King (1853–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal" title="Luís I of Portugal">Luís I</a>, King (1861–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal" title="Carlos I of Portugal">Carlos I</a>, King (1889–1908)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Portugal">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Bernardo_da_Costa_Cabral" class="mw-redirect" title="António Bernardo da Costa Cabral">António Bernardo da Costa Cabral</a>, Prime minister (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Severim_de_Noronha" class="mw-redirect" title="António Severim de Noronha">António Severim de Noronha</a>, Prime minister (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Carlos_Saldanha_de_Oliveira_Daun,_1st_Duke_of_Saldanha" class="mw-redirect" title="João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha">João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun</a>, Prime minister (1851–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuno_Jos%C3%A9_de_Moura_Barreto" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuno José de Moura Barreto">Nuno José de Moura Barreto</a>, Prime minister (1856–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Severim_de_Noronha" class="mw-redirect" title="António Severim de Noronha">António Severim de Noronha</a>, Prime minister (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Aguiar" title="Joaquim António de Aguiar">Joaquim António de Aguiar</a>, Prime minister (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuno_Jos%C3%A9_de_Moura_Barreto" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuno José de Moura Barreto">Nuno José de Moura Barreto</a>, Prime minister (1860–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_S%C3%A1_Nogueira_de_Figueiredo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo">Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo</a>, Prime minister (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Aguiar" title="Joaquim António de Aguiar">Joaquim António de Aguiar</a>, Prime minister (1865–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Jos%C3%A9_de_%C3%81vila,_1st_Duke_of_%C3%81vila_and_Bolama" title="António José de Ávila, 1st Duke of Ávila and Bolama">António José de Ávila</a>, Prime minister (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_S%C3%A1_Nogueira_de_Figueiredo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo">Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo</a>, Prime minister (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuno_Jos%C3%A9_de_Moura_Barreto" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuno José de Moura Barreto">Nuno José de Moura Barreto</a>, Prime minister (1869–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Carlos_Saldanha_de_Oliveira_Daun,_1st_Duke_of_Saldanha" class="mw-redirect" title="João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha">João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun</a>, Prime minister (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_S%C3%A1_Nogueira_de_Figueiredo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo">Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo</a>, Prime minister (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Jos%C3%A9_de_%C3%81vila,_1st_Duke_of_%C3%81vila_and_Bolama" title="António José de Ávila, 1st Duke of Ávila and Bolama">António José de Ávila</a>, Prime minister (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontes_Pereira_de_Melo" title="Fontes Pereira de Melo">Fontes Pereira de Melo</a>, Prime minister (1871–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Jos%C3%A9_de_%C3%81vila,_1st_Duke_of_%C3%81vila_and_Bolama" title="António José de Ávila, 1st Duke of Ávila and Bolama">António José de Ávila</a>, Prime minister (1877–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontes_Pereira_de_Melo" title="Fontes Pereira de Melo">Fontes Pereira de Melo</a>, Prime minister (1878–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselmo_Jos%C3%A9_Braamcamp" title="Anselmo José Braamcamp">Anselmo José Braamcamp</a>, Prime minister (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Rodrigues_Sampaio" title="António Rodrigues Sampaio">António Rodrigues Sampaio</a>, Prime minister (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontes_Pereira_de_Melo" title="Fontes Pereira de Melo">Fontes Pereira de Melo</a>, Prime minister (1881–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luciano_de_Castro" title="José Luciano de Castro">José Luciano de Castro</a>, Prime minister (1886–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Serpa_Pimentel" title="António de Serpa Pimentel">António de Serpa Pimentel</a>, Prime minister (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Cris%C3%B3stomo" class="mw-redirect" title="João Crisóstomo">João Crisóstomo</a>, Prime minister (1890–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Dias_Ferreira" title="José Dias Ferreira">José Dias Ferreira</a>, Prime minister (1892–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Hintze_Ribeiro" title="Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro">Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro</a>, Prime minister (1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luciano_de_Castro" title="José Luciano de Castro">José Luciano de Castro</a>, Prime minister (1897–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Hintze_Ribeiro" title="Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro">Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro</a>, Prime minister (1900–1904)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Spain</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1810%E2%80%9373)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1810–73)">Kingdom of Spain (1810–1873)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Spain" title="List of heads of state of Spain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II</a>, Queen (1833–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeo I</a>, King (1870–1873)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Spanish Republic</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_(Spain)" title="President of the Republic (Spain)">Presidents</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Spain" title="List of heads of state of Spain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estanislao_Figueras" title="Estanislao Figueras">Estanislao Figueras</a>, President (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pi_y_Margall" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Pi y Margall">Francisco Pi y Margall</a>, President (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Salmer%C3%B3n_y_Alonso" title="Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso">Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso</a>, President (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Castelar_y_Ripoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Castelar y Ripoll">Emilio Castelar y Ripoll</a>, President (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano_y_Dom%C3%ADnguez,_Duke_de_la_Torre" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Duke de la Torre">Francisco Serrano y Domínguez</a>, President (1874)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Spain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zavala,_1st_Marquis_of_Sierra_Bullones" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan de Zavala, 1st Marquis of Sierra Bullones">Juan de Zavala</a>, Prime minister (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a>, Prime minister (1874)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">Bourbon Restoration of Spain</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Spain" title="List of heads of state of Spain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso XII of Spain">Alfonso XII</a>, King (1874–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso XIII of Spain">Alfonso XIII</a>, King (1886–1931)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Spain">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</a>, Prime minister (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Jovellar_y_Soler" title="Joaquín Jovellar y Soler">Joaquín Jovellar y Soler</a>, Prime minister (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</a>, Prime minister (1875–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez-Campos_y_Ant%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón">Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón</a>, Prime minister (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</a>, Prime minister (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a>, Prime minister (1881–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Posada_Herrera" title="José Posada Herrera">José Posada Herrera</a>, Prime minister (1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</a>, Prime minister (1884–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a>, Prime minister (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</a>, Prime minister (1890–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a>, Prime minister (1892–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</a>, Prime minister (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Azc%C3%A1rraga_Palmero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero">Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero</a>, Prime minister (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a>, Prime minister (1897–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Silvela" title="Francisco Silvela">Francisco Silvela</a>, Prime minister (1899–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Azc%C3%A1rraga_Palmero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero">Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero</a>, Prime minister (1900–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe:_West">Europe: West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Europe: West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Belgium</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Belgian_monarchs" title="List of Belgian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold I</a>, King (1831–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">Leopold II</a>, King (1865–1909)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Prime ministers (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rogier" title="Charles Rogier">Charles Rogier</a>, Prime minister (1847–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Brouck%C3%A8re" title="Henri de Brouckère">Henri de Brouckère</a>, Prime minister (1852–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Decker" title="Pierre de Decker">Pierre de Decker</a>, Prime minister (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rogier" title="Charles Rogier">Charles Rogier</a>, Prime minister (1857–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walth%C3%A8re_Fr%C3%A8re-Orban" title="Walthère Frère-Orban">Walthère Frère-Orban</a>, Prime minister (1868–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_d%27Anethan" title="Jules d'Anethan">Jules d'Anethan</a>, Prime minister (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_de_Theux_de_Meylandt" title="Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt">Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt</a>, Prime minister (1871–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Malou" title="Jules Malou">Jules Malou</a>, Prime minister (1874–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walth%C3%A8re_Fr%C3%A8re-Orban" title="Walthère Frère-Orban">Walthère Frère-Orban</a>, Prime minister (1878–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Malou" title="Jules Malou">Jules Malou</a>, Prime minister (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">Auguste Beernaert</a>, Prime minister (1884–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Burlet" title="Jules de Burlet">Jules de Burlet</a>, Prime minister (1894–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Smet_de_Naeyer" title="Paul de Smet de Naeyer">Paul de Smet de Naeyer</a>, Prime minister (1896–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Vandenpeereboom" title="Jules Vandenpeereboom">Jules Vandenpeereboom</a>, Prime minister (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Smet_de_Naeyer" title="Paul de Smet de Naeyer">Paul de Smet de Naeyer</a>, Prime minister (1899–1907)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>France</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">French Second Republic</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of France">Presidents</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon III">Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte</a>, President (1848–1852)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Henri_d%27Hautpoul" title="Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul">Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul</a>, Prime minister (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Faucher" title="Léon Faucher">Léon Faucher</a>, Prime minister (1851)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperors</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, Emperor (1852–1870)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Cabinet Chiefs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Émile Ollivier</a>, Cabinet chief (1869–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cousin-Montauban,_Comte_de_Palikao" title="Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao">Charles Cousin-Montauban</a>, Cabinet chief (1870)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of France">Presidents</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jules_Trochu" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Jules Trochu">Louis Jules Trochu</a>, Interim Head of state (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Adolphe Thiers</a>, President (1871–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_de_Mac-Mahon,_Duke_of_Magenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta">Patrice de Mac-Mahon</a>, President (1873–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Jules Armand Dufaure</a>, Acting President (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Jules Grévy</a>, President (1879–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Maurice Rouvier</a>, Acting President (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot">Marie François Sadi Carnot</a>, President (1887–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Charles Dupuy</a>, Acting President (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Jean Casimir-Perier</a>, President (1894–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Charles Dupuy</a>, Acting President (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a>, President (1895–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Charles Dupuy</a>, Acting President (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a>, President (1899–1906)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">President of the Council of ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Jules_Trochu" title="Louis-Jules Trochu">Louis-Jules Trochu</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Jules Armand Dufaure</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1871–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert,_4th_duc_de_Broglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, 4th duc de Broglie">Albert, duc de Broglie</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Courtot_de_Cissey" title="Ernest Courtot de Cissey">Ernest Courtot de Cissey</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Louis Buffet</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Jules Armand Dufaure</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Simon" title="Jules Simon">Jules Simon</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1876–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert,_4th_duc_de_Broglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, 4th duc de Broglie">Albert, duc de Broglie</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan_de_Rochebou%C3%ABt" title="Gaëtan de Rochebouët">Gaëtan de Rochebouët</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Jules Armand Dufaure</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1877–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Waddington" title="William Waddington">William Waddington</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Charles de Freycinet</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1879–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Jules Ferry</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Léon Gambetta</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1881–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Charles de Freycinet</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Charles Duclerc</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1882–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Armand Fallières</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Jules Ferry</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1883–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Henri Brisson</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1885–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Charles de Freycinet</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goblet" title="René Goblet">René Goblet</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1886–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Maurice Rouvier</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Pierre Tirard</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1887–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Floquet" title="Charles Floquet">Charles Floquet</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Pierre Tirard</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1889–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Charles de Freycinet</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1890–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Alexandre Ribot</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1892–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Charles Dupuy</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Jean Casimir-Perier</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Charles Dupuy</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1894–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Alexandre Ribot</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_M%C3%A9line" title="Jules Méline">Jules Méline</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1896–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Henri Brisson</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Charles Dupuy</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Waldeck-Rousseau" title="Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau">Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau</a>, President of the Council of ministers (1899–1902)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Luxembourg</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Luxembourg" title="List of monarchs of Luxembourg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III</a>, Grand Duke (1849–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolphe</a>, Grand Duke (1890–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Prime ministers (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Willmar" title="Jean-Jacques Willmar">Jean-Jacques Willmar</a>, Prime minister (1848–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Mathias_Simons" title="Charles-Mathias Simons">Charles-Mathias Simons</a>, Prime minister (1853–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Tornaco" title="Victor de Tornaco">Victor de Tornaco</a>, Prime minister (1860–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Servais" title="Emmanuel Servais">Emmanuel Servais</a>, Prime minister (1867–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_de_Blochausen" title="Félix de Blochausen">Félix de Blochausen</a>, Prime minister (1874–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Thilges" title="Édouard Thilges">Édouard Thilges</a>, Prime minister (1885–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Eyschen" title="Paul Eyschen">Paul Eyschen</a>, Prime minister (1888–1915)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Monaco</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Monaco" title="List of rulers of Monaco">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florestan_I,_Prince_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Florestan I, Prince of Monaco">Florestan I</a>, Prince (1841–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Charles III, Prince of Monaco">Charles III</a>, Prince (1856–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert I, Prince of Monaco">Albert I</a>, Prince (1889–1922)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Netherlands</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of monarchs of the Netherlands">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III</a>, King (1849–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina</a>, Queen (1890–1948)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime ministers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the Netherlands">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Rudolph_Thorbecke" title="Johan Rudolph Thorbecke">Johan Rudolph Thorbecke</a>, Prime minister (1849–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floris_Adriaan_van_Hall" title="Floris Adriaan van Hall">Floris Adriaan van Hall</a>, Prime minister (1853–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinus_van_der_Brugghen" title="Justinus van der Brugghen">Justinus van der Brugghen</a>, Prime minister (1856–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Jacob_Rochussen" title="Jan Jacob Rochussen">Jan Jacob Rochussen</a>, Prime minister (1858–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floris_Adriaan_van_Hall" title="Floris Adriaan van Hall">Floris Adriaan van Hall</a>, Prime minister (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt" title="Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt">Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt</a>, Prime minister (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schelto_van_Heemstra" title="Schelto van Heemstra">Schelto van Heemstra</a>, Prime minister (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Rudolph_Thorbecke" title="Johan Rudolph Thorbecke">Johan Rudolph Thorbecke</a>, Prime minister (1862–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa%C3%A4c_Dignus_Fransen_van_de_Putte" title="Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte">Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte</a>, Prime minister (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt" title="Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt">Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt</a>, Prime minister (1866–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Philip_van_Bosse" title="Pieter Philip van Bosse">Pieter Philip van Bosse</a>, Prime minister (1868–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Rudolph_Thorbecke" title="Johan Rudolph Thorbecke">Johan Rudolph Thorbecke</a>, Prime minister (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_de_Vries_(politician)" title="Gerrit de Vries (politician)">Gerrit de Vries</a>, Prime minister (1872–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Heemskerk" title="Jan Heemskerk">Jan Heemskerk</a>, Prime minister (1874–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kappeyne_van_de_Coppello" title="Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello">Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello</a>, Prime minister (1877–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Lynden_van_Sandenburg" title="Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg">Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg</a>, Prime minister (1879–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Heemskerk" title="Jan Heemskerk">Jan Heemskerk</a>, Prime minister (1883–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86neas_Mackay" class="mw-redirect" title="Æneas Mackay">Æneas Mackay</a>, Prime minister (1888–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijsbert_van_Tienhoven" title="Gijsbert van Tienhoven">Gijsbert van Tienhoven</a>, Prime minister (1891–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_R%C3%B6ell" title="Joan Röell">Joan Röell</a>, Prime minister (1894–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Pierson" title="Nicolaas Pierson">Nicolaas Pierson</a>, Prime minister (1897–1901)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eurasia:_Caucasus">Eurasia: Caucasus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Eurasia: Caucasus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Azerbaijan</i> </p><p><i>Georgia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Abkhazia" title="Principality of Abkhazia">Principality of Abkhazia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_princes_(mtavars)#Princes_of_Abkhazia" title="List of Georgian princes (mtavars)">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail,_Prince_of_Abkhazia" title="Mikhail, Prince of Abkhazia">Mikhail</a>, Prince (1822–1864)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Russia: Dagestan</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gazikumukh_Khanate" title="Gazikumukh Khanate">Gazikumukh Khanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakia#Rulers" title="Lakia">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Aglar ibn Umar, Khan (1847–1859)</li> <li>Jafar ibn Aglar, Khan (1877–1877)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oceania">Oceania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_and_Papua_New_Guinea">Australia and Papua New Guinea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Australia and Papua New Guinea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Australia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">Colony of New South Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1788–1900</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Papua New Guinea</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>German colony, 1884–1919</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> under central Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Territory of Papua</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1884–1888</i></dd> <dd><i>British colony, 1888–1902</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> under the British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific">Pacific</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Pacific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Chile</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island#Lists_of_the_paramount_chiefs_and_historical_kings_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Nga%27ara" class="mw-redirect" title="King Nga'ara">Nga'ara</a>, King (c.1835–pre-1860)</li> <li>Maurata, King (1859–1862)</li> <li>Kai Mako'i 'Iti, King (?–1863)</li> <li>Tepito,<sup id="cite_ref-Englert2004_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englert2004-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King (?)</li> <li>Gregorio,<sup id="cite_ref-Englert2004_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englert2004-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atamu_Tekena" title="Atamu Tekena">Atamu Tekena</a>, King (?–pre-1892)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Fiji</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Kingdom of Fiji</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji#List_of_Fijian_monarchs" title="Monarchy of Fiji">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seru_Epenisa_Cakobau" title="Seru Epenisa Cakobau">Seru Epenisa Cakobau</a>, King (1871–1874)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Colony of Fiji</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1874–1970</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>French Polynesia</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Alo" title="List of kings of Alo">Kings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alo_(Wallis_and_Futuna)" title="Alo (Wallis and Futuna)">Alo</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filipo_Meitala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filipo Meitala (page does not exist)">Filipo Meitala</a>, King (1844–1862)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alia_Segi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alia Segi (page does not exist)">Alia Segi</a>, King (1862–?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soane_Malia_Musulamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soane Malia Musulamu (page does not exist)">Soane Malia Musulamu</a>, King (c.1887–1929)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Kingdom of Bora Bora</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Bora_Bora" title="List of monarchs of Bora Bora">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapoa_II" title="Tapoa II">Tapoa II</a>, King (1831–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriimaevarua_II" title="Teriimaevarua II">Teriʻimaevarua II</a>, Queen (1860–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriimaevarua_III" title="Teriimaevarua III">Teriʻimaevarua III</a>, Queen (1873–1888)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Huahine" title="List of monarchs of Huahine">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teriitaria_II" title="Teriitaria II">Teriʻitaria II</a>, Queen (1815–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari%27imate" title="Ari'imate">Ariʻmate</a>, King (1852–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehaapapa_II" title="Tehaapapa II">Tehaʻapapa II</a>, Queen (1868–1893), under <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> protectorate from 1885–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marama_Teururai" title="Marama Teururai">Marama</a>, Regent (1884–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuhe" title="Teuhe">Teuhe</a>, King (1888–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehaapapa_III" title="Tehaapapa III">Tehaʻapapa III</a>, Queen (1893–1895)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Mangareva" title="List of monarchs of Mangareva">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maputeoa" title="Maputeoa">Te Maputeoa, Gregorio I</a>, King (1830–1857)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gregorio_II" title="Joseph Gregorio II">Joseph Gregorio II</a>, King (1857–1868)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968578_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968578-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elia Teoa, Regent (c.1857)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968318_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968318-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Eutokia_Toaputeitou" title="Maria Eutokia Toaputeitou">Maria Eutokia Toaputeitou</a>, Regent (1857–1869)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968610–611_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968610–611-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akakio_Tematereikura" title="Akakio Tematereikura">Akakio Tematereikura</a>, Regent (1869)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECuzent1872144_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECuzent1872144-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968610–611_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968610–611-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arone_Teikatoara" title="Arone Teikatoara">Arone Teikatoara</a>, Regent (1869–1873)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeschanel188859,_71_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeschanel188859,_71-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Putairi" title="Bernardo Putairi">Bernardo Putairi</a>, Regent (1873–1881)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeschanel188859–60_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeschanel188859–60-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TeArohaNews1889_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeArohaNews1889-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Raiatea" class="mw-redirect" title="Raiatea">Raiatea</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamatoa_IV" title="Tamatoa IV">Tamatoa IV</a>, King (1831–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamatoa_V" title="Tamatoa V">Tamatoa V</a>, King (1857–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitoe" title="Tahitoe">Tahitoe</a>, King (1871–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehauroa" title="Tehauroa">Tehauroa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Women_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Women-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Queen (1881–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamatoa_VI" title="Tamatoa VI">Tamatoa VI</a>, King (1885–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuarii" title="Tuarii">Tuarii</a>, Queen (1888–1896)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Sigave" title="List of kings of Sigave">Kings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sigave" title="Sigave">Sigave</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petelo_Keletaona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petelo Keletaona (page does not exist)">Petelo Keletaona</a>, King (1842–1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alefosio_Tamole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alefosio Tamole (page does not exist)">Alefosio Tamole</a>, King (1851–?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise_Tamole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anise Tamole (page does not exist)">Anise Tamole</a>, King (c.1887)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Kingdom of Tahiti</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dmare_I" title="Pōmare I">Pōmare I</a> (1791–1803)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Uvea" title="List of kings of Uvea">Kings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uvea_(Wallis_and_Futuna)" title="Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)">Uvea (Wallis)</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soane-Patita_Vaimua_Lavelua" title="Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua">Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua</a>, King (1830–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falakika_Seilala" title="Falakika Seilala">Falakika Seilala</a>, Queen (1858–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Tokagahahau_Aliki" title="Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki">Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki</a>, Queen (1869–1895)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Protectorate of France, 1887/1888–1959</i></dd></dl> <p><i>New Zealand</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Federation" title="Cook Islands Federation">Cook Islands Federation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1891–1901</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony of New Zealand</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1841–1907</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Niue" title="History of Niue">Monarchy of Niue</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Galiga, Patu-iki (?)</li> <li>Foki-mata, Patu-iki (?–c.1874)</li> <li>Pakieto, Patu-iki (c.1874–c.1875)</li> <li>Tui-toga, Patu-iki (1885–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fata-a-iki" title="Fata-a-iki">Fata-a-iki</a>, Patu-iki (1887–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togia-Pulu-toaki" title="Togia-Pulu-toaki">Togia-Pulu-toaki</a>, Patu-iki (1898–1900)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Niue" title="History of Niue">British protectorate of Niue</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1900–1907</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Kingdom of Rarotonga</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1888–1901</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makea_Te_Vaerua_Ariki" title="Makea Te Vaerua Ariki">Makea Te Vaerua Ariki</a>, Queen Regnant (1845–1857)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makea_Daniela_Ariki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makea Daniela Ariki (page does not exist)">Makea Daniela Ariki</a>, High Chief (1857–1866)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makea_Apera_Ariki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makea Apera Ariki (page does not exist)">Makea Apera Ariki</a>, High Chief (1866–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makea_Takau_Ariki" title="Makea Takau Ariki">Makea Takau Ariki</a>, Queen Regnant (1871–1911)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Samoa and American Samoa</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">German Samoa</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>German colony, 1900–1914</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> under central Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malietoa" title="Malietoa">Malietoa dynasty</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Malietoa Natuitasina, Malietoa (1841–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malietoa_Moli" title="Malietoa Moli">Moli</a>, Malietoa (1858–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malietoa_Talavou_Tonumaipe%E2%80%99a" class="mw-redirect" title="Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a">Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe'a</a>, Malietoa (1869–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malietoa_Laupepa" title="Malietoa Laupepa">Malietoa Laupepa</a>, Malietoa (1875–1887, 1889–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malietoa_Tanumafili_I" title="Malietoa Tanumafili I">Malietoa Tanumafili I</a>, Malietoa (1898–1939)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manu%CA%BBa_Islands" title="Manuʻa Islands">Manuʻa Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%27a#List_of_Tui_Manuʻa" title="Tui Manu'a">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Tauveve, Manu’a (?)</li> <li>Visala, Manu’a (?)</li> <li>Alalamua, Manu’a (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%CA%BBa_Matelita" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui Manuʻa Matelita">Matelita</a>, Manu’a (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_Manu%CA%BBa_Elisala" title="Tui Manuʻa Elisala">Elisala</a>, Manu’a (1899–1909)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Solomon Islands</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">British Solomon Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British protectorate, 1893–1978</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>Tonga</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Kanokupolu" title="Tuʻi Kanokupolu">Tuʻi Kanokupolu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Monarchs (<a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Kanokupolu" title="Tuʻi Kanokupolu">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Tupou_I" title="George Tupou I">George Tupou I/ Tāufaʻāhau</a>, King (1845–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tupou_II" title="George Tupou II">George Tupou II</a>, King (1893–1918)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Prime ministers (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tonga" title="Prime Minister of Tonga">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93vita_%CA%BBUnga" title="Tēvita ʻUnga">Tēvita ʻUnga</a>, Prime minister (1872–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Waldemar_Baker" title="Shirley Waldemar Baker">Shirley Waldemar Baker</a>, Prime minister (1881–1890)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siaosi_U._Tuku%27aho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siaosi U. Tuku'aho (page does not exist)">Siaosi U. Tuku'aho</a>, Prime minister (1890–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siosateki_Veikune" class="mw-redirect" title="Siosateki Veikune">Siosateki Veikune</a>, Prime minister (1893–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tonga_(1900%E2%80%931970)" title="Kingdom of Tonga (1900–1970)">Kingdom of Tonga (1900–1970)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Monarchs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Tupou_II" title="George Tupou II">George Tupou II</a>, King (1893–1918)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Prime ministers (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tonga" title="Prime Minister of Tonga">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siosateki_Veikune" class="mw-redirect" title="Siosateki Veikune">Siosateki Veikune</a>, Prime minister (1893–1905)</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><i>Tuvalu</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British colony, 1892–1976</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles, Europe</i></dd></dl> <p><i>United States: Hawaii</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Monarchs (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hawaiian_monarchs#Hawaiian_Monarchs_(1795–1893)" title="List of Hawaiian monarchs">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_III" title="Kamehameha III">Kamehameha III</a>, King (1825–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_IV" title="Kamehameha IV">Kamehameha IV</a>, King (1855–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_V" title="Kamehameha V">Kamehameha V</a>, King (1863–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunalilo" title="Lunalilo">Lunalilo</a>, King (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kal%C4%81kaua" title="Kalākaua">Kalākaua</a>, King (1874–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lili%CA%BBuokalani" title="Liliʻuokalani">Liliʻuokalani</a>, Queen (1891–1893)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Kuhina Nui (<a href="/wiki/Kuhina_Nui#List_of_Kuhina_Nui" title="Kuhina Nui">complete list</a>) –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keoni_Ana" title="Keoni Ana">Keoni Ana</a>, Kuhina Nui (1845–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Kam%C4%81malu" title="Victoria Kamāmalu">Kaʻahumanu IV</a>, Kuhina Nui (1855–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek%C5%ABana%C5%8D%CA%BBa" title="Kekūanaōʻa">Mataio Kekūanaōʻa</a>, Kuhina Nui (1863–1864)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Hawaii" title="Provisional Government of Hawaii">Provisional Government of Hawaii</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Safety_(Hawaii)" title="Committee of Safety (Hawaii)">Committee of Safety</a> (1893–1894)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_B._Dole" title="Sanford B. Dole">Sanford B. Dole</a>, President (1894–1898)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><i>Vanuatu</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Joint_Naval_Commission" title="Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission">Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France" title="List of heads of state of France">complete list</a>) –</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>British-French Protectorate, 1887–1889, 1890–1906</i></dd> <dd><i>For details see the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> under British Isles and France under western Europe</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franceville,_New_Hebrides" title="Franceville, New Hebrides">Franceville, New Hebrides</a> –</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Ferdinand Chevillard, President (1889)</li> <li>R. D. Polk, President (c.1890)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1801%E2%80%931850)" title="List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)">List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1901%E2%80%931950)" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)">List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire">List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_19th-century_British_South_Asia_subsidiary_states" title="List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states">List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">List of political entities in the 19th century</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1851%E2%80%931900)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910; page 17–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dictionary of African Biography</i>, p. 225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/C.F._Beckingham" class="mw-redirect" title="C.F. Beckingham">C.F. Beckingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/G.W.B._Huntingford" class="mw-redirect" title="G.W.B. Huntingford">G.W.B. Huntingford</a>, <i>Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646</i> (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxxxivf</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/C.F._Beckingham" class="mw-redirect" title="C.F. Beckingham">C.F. Beckingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/G.W.B._Huntingford" class="mw-redirect" title="G.W.B. Huntingford">G.W.B. Huntingford</a>, <i>Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646</i> (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/C.F._Beckingham" class="mw-redirect" title="C.F. Beckingham">C.F. Beckingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/G.W.B._Huntingford" class="mw-redirect" title="G.W.B. Huntingford">G.W.B. Huntingford</a>, <i>Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646</i> (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxvif</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, <i>Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646</i> (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in <i>African Historical Studies</i>, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Ta'a, Tesema. "The Process of Urbanization in Wollega, Western Ethiopia: The Case of Neqemte". <i>Journal of Ethiopian Studies</i> 26, no. 1 (1993): 59–72. Accessed 29 April 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/41966012. p. 63]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, <i>Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646</i> (London: <a href="/wiki/Hakluyt_Society" title="Hakluyt Society">Hakluyt Society</a>, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dic_26-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dic_26_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dic_26_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMukhtar2003" class="citation book cs1">Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (25 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC"><i>Historical Dictionary of Somalia</i></a>. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810866041" title="Special:BookSources/9780810866041"><bdi>9780810866041</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Somalia&rft.pages=26&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.isbn=9780810866041&rft.aulast=Mukhtar&rft.aufirst=Mohamed+Haji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDPwOsOcNy5YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The social structure of southern Somali tribes, Virginia Luling, pg. 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart1989" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, John (1989). <i>African States and Rulers</i>. London: McFarland. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89950-390-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89950-390-X"><bdi>0-89950-390-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+States+and+Rulers&rft.place=London&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-89950-390-X&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadiéga1982" class="citation book cs1">Madiéga, Y. 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href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MCHSd62Tse8C&pg=PA46"><i>Slavery and the Birth of an African City</i></a>. p. 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery+and+the+Birth+of+an+African+City&rft.pages=46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMCHSd62Tse8C%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google.com.br1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google.com.br1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CBDWuJb9VI8C&pg=PA95"><i>Slavery in Africa and the Caribbean</i></a>. p. 95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery+in+Africa+and+the+Caribbean&rft.pages=95&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCBDWuJb9VI8C%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google.com.br3-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google.com.br3_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MCHSd62Tse8C&pg=PA46"><i>Slavery and the Birth of an African City</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery+and+the+Birth+of+an+African+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMCHSd62Tse8C%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sylvanus John Sodienye Cookey <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8drXpCGaT-UC&pg=PA117"><i>King Jaja of the Niger Delta: His Life and Times 1821–1891</i>, p. 117</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <i>Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire</i>, volume 38, 1976, p. 493</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein, Martin A., <i>Islam and Imperialism in Senegal. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Battlefield+Trust&rft.atitle=Civil+War+BIOGRAPHY+Jefferson+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.battlefields.org%2Flearn%2Fbiographies%2Fjefferson-davis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royaltimor1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-royaltimor1_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205124/http://www.royaltimor.com/Sonbai_Article.html">"Sonbai Article"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royaltimor.com/Sonbai_Article.html">the original</a> on 15 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sonbai+Article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royaltimor.com%2FSonbai_Article.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeard-Bey2005" class="citation book cs1">Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). <i>From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition</i>. London: Motivate. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1860631673" title="Special:BookSources/1860631673"><bdi>1860631673</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/64689681">64689681</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Trucial+States+to+United+Arab+Emirates+%3A+a+society+in+transition&rft.place=London&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Motivate&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F64689681&rft.isbn=1860631673&rft.aulast=Heard-Bey&rft.aufirst=Frauke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Englert2004-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Englert2004_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englert2004_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglert2004" class="citation book cs1">Englert, Sebastián (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UAJ5o2vJ3zYC&pg=PA65"><i>La tierra de Hotu Matu'a: historia y etnología de la Isla de Pascua : gramática y diccionario del antiguo idioma de Isla de Pascua</i></a>. Editorial Universitaria. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-11-1704-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-11-1704-4"><bdi>978-956-11-1704-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+tierra+de+Hotu+Matu%27a%3A+historia+y+etnolog%C3%ADa+de+la+Isla+de+Pascua+%3A+gram%C3%A1tica+y+diccionario+del+antiguo+idioma+de+Isla+de+Pascua&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Editorial+Universitaria&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-956-11-1704-4&rft.aulast=Englert&rft.aufirst=Sebasti%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUAJ5o2vJ3zYC%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.observatorio.cl/contenidos/naveg/doc/docautor/Rapa%20Nui.doc">RAPA NUI: INDIGENOUS STRUGGLES FOR THE NAVEL OF THE WORLD</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavalNewburyO'Reilly1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Laval" title="Honoré Laval">Laval, Honoré</a>; Newbury, C. 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Masson et Fils. pp. 117–118.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyage+aux+%C3%AEles+Gambier+%28Archipel+de+Mangar%C3%A8va%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=117-118&rft.pub=V.+Masson+et+Fils&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Cuzent&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvoyageauxlesgam00cuzegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968318-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968318_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLavalNewburyO'Reilly1968">Laval, Newbury & O'Reilly 1968</a>, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968610–611-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968610–611_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELavalNewburyO'Reilly1968610–611_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLavalNewburyO'Reilly1968">Laval, Newbury & O'Reilly 1968</a>, pp. 610–611.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECuzent1872144-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECuzent1872144_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCuzent1872">Cuzent 1872</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeschanel1888" class="citation book cs1">Deschanel, Paul Eugene Louis (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rwpQAAAAYAAJ"><i>Les intérêts français dans l'océan Pacifique</i></a>. 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Paris. pp. 799–807.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Nouvelle+Revue+Quatrieme+Annee&rft.atitle=La+France+En+Oc%C3%A9anie&rft.pages=799-807&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Rabou&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfYQNAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627050700/http://www.archives.gov.pf/afficher_pdf.php?id_doc=%2Fsrv%2Fwww%2Fhtdocs%2Fetatcivil%2Fdonnes%2Fjopf%2F%2F1889%2FJOPF_1889_page_00113.pdf">"Partie Officielle"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal Officiel des Etablissements Français de l'Océanie</i>. 2 May 1889. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov.pf/afficher_pdf.php?id_doc=/srv/www/htdocs/etatcivil/donnes/jopf//1889/JOPF_1889_page_00113.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A Little-Known Group"</a>. <i>Te Aroha News, Volume VII, Issue 379, 22 June 1889, Page 6</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Te+Aroha+News%2C+Volume+VII%2C+Issue+379%2C+22+June+1889%2C+Page+6&rft.atitle=The+Sunny+South+Seas+Gambier+Archipelago.+A+Little-Known+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DTAN18890622.2.56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Women-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Women_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1870.htm">"Women in Power 1870–1900"</a>. <i>Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worldwide+Guide+to+Women+in+Leadership&rft.atitle=Women+in+Power+1870%E2%80%931900&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guide2womenleaders.com%2Fwomeninpower%2FWomeninpower1870.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+state+leaders+in+the+19th+century+%281851%E2%80%931900%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Wee, Small Republics: A Few Examples of Popular Government", <i>Hawaiian Gazette</i>, 1 November 1895, p. 1</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:State_leaders_by_century" title="Template:State leaders by century"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_leaders_by_century" title="Template talk:State leaders by century"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_leaders_by_century" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State leaders by century"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_state_leaders_by_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_state_leaders_by_century" title="Lists of state leaders by century">Lists of state leaders by century</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th–3rd mill. BC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_4th_and_3rd_millennia_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC">4th–3rd millennia BC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd millennium BC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century BC">20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 19th century BC">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_18th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 18th century BC">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_17th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 17th century BC">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_16th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 16th century BC">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_15th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 15th century BC">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_14th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 14th century BC">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_13th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 13th century BC">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_12th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 12th century BC">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_11th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 11th century BC">11th BC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st millennium BC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_10th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 10th century BC">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_9th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 9th century BC">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_8th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 8th century BC">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_7th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 7th century BC">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_6th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 6th century BC">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_5th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 5th century BC">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_4th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 4th century BC">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_3rd_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 3rd century BC">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_2nd_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 2nd century BC">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_1st_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 1st century BC">1st BC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st millennium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_1st_century" title="List of state leaders in the 1st century">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_2nd_century" title="List of state leaders in the 2nd century">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_3rd_century" title="List of state leaders in the 3rd century">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_4th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 4th century">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_5th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 5th century">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_6th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 6th century">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_7th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 7th century">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_8th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 8th century">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_9th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 9th century">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_10th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 10th century">10th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_10th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 10th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd millennium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_11th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 11th century">11th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_11th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 11th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_12th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 12th century">12th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_12th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 12th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_13th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 13th century">13th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_13th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 13th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_14th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 14th century">14th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_14th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 14th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_15th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 15th century">15th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_15th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 15th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_15th-century_South_Asia" title="List of state leaders in 15th-century South Asia">SA</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_16th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 16th century">16th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_16th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_16th-century_South_Asia" title="List of state leaders in 16th-century South Asia">SA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_17th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 17th century">17th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_17th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 17th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_17th-century_South_Asia" title="List of state leaders in 17th-century South Asia">SA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_18th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 18th century">18th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_18th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 18th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_18th-century_South_Asia_and_its_predecessor_states" title="List of state leaders in 18th-century South Asia and its predecessor states">SA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 19th century">19th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century_(1801%E2%80%931850)" title="List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)">1801–1850</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1851–1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th-century_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_19th-century_British_South_Asia_subsidiary_states" title="List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states">SA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century">20th</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1901%E2%80%931950)" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)">1901–1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1951%E2%80%932000)" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)">1951–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_20th-century_British_South_Asia" title="List of state leaders in 20th-century British South Asia">SA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd millennium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_21st_century" title="List of state leaders in the 21st century">21st</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_2000s" title="List of state leaders in the 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_2010s" title="List of state leaders in the 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_2020s" title="List of state leaders in the 2020s">2020s</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">current</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_19th_century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:19th_century" title="Template:19th century"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:19th_century&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:19th century (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:19th_century" title="Special:EditPage/Template:19th century"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_19th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_19th_century" title="Timeline of the 19th century">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decades</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1800s_(decade)" title="1800s (decade)">1800s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820s" title="1820s">1820s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880s" title="1880s">1880s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890s" title="1890s">1890s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_19th_century" title="Christianity in the 19th century">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion" title="19th century in fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_19th_century" title="LGBT rights in the 19th century">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_literature" title="19th century in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mathematics#19th_century" title="History of mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_philosophy" title="19th-century philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_science" title="19th century in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth-century_theatre" title="Nineteenth-century theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 19th century">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 19th-century earthquakes">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_lunar_eclipses" title="List of 19th-century lunar eclipses">Lunar eclipses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_riots#Nineteenth_century" title="List of riots">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_eclipses_in_the_19th_century" title="List of solar eclipses in the 19th century">Solar eclipses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_large_volcanic_eruptions_of_the_19th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="List of large volcanic eruptions of the 19th century">Volcanic eruptions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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