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pyrolysis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: spray pyrolysis"> <meta name="keywords" content="spray pyrolysis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="spray pyrolysis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 539</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: spray pyrolysis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">539</span> Comparative Studies on Thin Film of ZnO Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis and Sputtering Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20Momoh">Musa Momoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Moreh"> A. U. Moreh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Bayawa"> A. M. Bayawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanusi%20Abdullahi"> Sanusi Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Atiku"> I. Atiku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, thin films of ZnO were synthesized by two techniques namely RF sputtering and spray pyrolysis. The films were deposited on corning glass. The primary materials used are 99.99% pure. The optical and structural properties of the samples were studied. It has been noted that the samples deposited by Spray pyrolysis have and average transmittance, refractive index and extinction coefficient as 80-90%, 1.33-1.44 and 13.11-27.52 respectively. Those deposited by sputtering method are 34-80%, 1.51-1.52 and 3.15-3.28. The XRD patterns of the samples show that they are polycrystalline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title="zinc oxide">zinc oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rf%20sputtering" title=" rf sputtering"> rf sputtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20properties" title=" electrical properties"> electrical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54183/comparative-studies-on-thin-film-of-zno-deposited-by-spray-pyrolysis-and-sputtering-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">538</span> Effect of Boric Acid Content on the Structural and Optical Properties of In2O3 Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20%C3%96ztas">Mustafa Öztas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metin%20Bedir"> Metin Bedir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya%20%C3%96zdemir"> Yahya Özdemir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Boron doped of In2O3 films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique at 350 °C substrate temperature, which is a low cost and large area technique to be well-suited for the manufacture of solar cells, using boric acid (H3BO3) as dopant source, and their properties were investigated as a function of doping concentration. X-ray analysis showed that the films were polycrystalline fitting well with a hexagonal structure and have preferred orientation in (220) direction. The changes observed in the energy band gap and structural properties of the films related to the boric acid concentration are discussed in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title="spray pyrolysis">spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In2O3" title=" In2O3"> In2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boron" title=" boron"> boron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boric%20acid" title=" boric acid"> boric acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28202/effect-of-boric-acid-content-on-the-structural-and-optical-properties-of-in2o3-films-prepared-by-spray-pyrolysis-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">537</span> SO2 Sensing Performance of Nanostructured CdSnO3 Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20H.%20Bari">R. H. Bari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nanostructured thin films of CdSnO3 are sensitive to change in their environment. CdSnO3 is successfully used as gas sensor due to the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the ambient gas composition. Nanostructured CdSnO3 thin films of different substrate temperature (300 0C, 350 0C, 400 0C and 450 0C) were deposited onto heated glass substrate by simple spray pyrolysis (SP) technique. Sensing elements of nanostructured CdSnO3 were annealed at 500 0C for 1 hrs. Characterization includes a different analytical technique such as, X-ray diffractogram (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The average grain size observed from XRD and FF-SEM was found to be less than 18.36 and 23 nm respectively. The films sprayed at substrate temperature for 400 0C was observed to be most sensitive (S = 530) to SO2 for 500 ppm at 300 0C. The response and recovery time is 4 sec, 8 sec respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured%20CdSnO3" title="nanostructured CdSnO3">nanostructured CdSnO3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SO2%20gas%20sensing" title=" SO2 gas sensing"> SO2 gas sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quick%20response" title=" quick response"> quick response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22298/so2-sensing-performance-of-nanostructured-cdsno3-thin-films-prepared-by-spray-pyrolysis-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">536</span> CuO Thin Films Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis: Influence of Precursor Solution Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lamri%20Zeggar">M. Lamri Zeggar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bourfaa"> F. Bourfaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Adjimi"> A. Adjimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Boutebakh"> F. Boutebakh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Aida"> M. S. Aida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Attaf"> N. Attaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CuO thin films were deposited by spray ultrasonic pyrolysis with different precursor solution. Two staring solution slats were used namely: Copper acetate and copper chloride. The influence of these solutions on CuO thin films proprieties of is instigated. The X rays diffraction (XDR) analysis indicated that the films deposed with copper acetate are amorphous however the films elaborated with copper chloride have monoclinic structure. UV- Visible transmission spectra showed a strong absorbance of the deposited CuO thin films in the visible region. Electrical characterization has shown that CuO thin films prepared with copper acetate have a higher electrical conductivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title="thin films">thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuprous%20oxide" title=" cuprous oxide"> cuprous oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor%20solution" title=" precursor solution"> precursor solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36338/cuo-thin-films-deposition-by-spray-pyrolysis-influence-of-precursor-solution-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">535</span> Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bourfaa%20Fouzia">Bourfaa Fouzia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meryem%20Lamri%20Zeggar"> Meryem Lamri Zeggar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adjimi%20Amel"> Adjimi Amel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Salah%20Aida"> Mohammed Salah Aida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadir%20Attaf"> Nadir Attaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Semiconductor photocatalysts such as ZnO has attracted much attention in recent years due to their various applications for the degradation of organic pollutants in water, air and in dye sensitized photovoltaic solar cell. In the present work, ZnO thin films were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis by using different precursors namely: Acetate, chloride and zinc nitrate in order to investigate their influence on ZnO photocatalytic activity. The films crystalline structure was studied by mean of X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and the films surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The films optical properties were studied by mean of UV–visible spectroscopy. The prepared films were tested for the degradation of the red reactive dye largely used in textile industry. As a result, we found that the zinc nitrate is the best precursor to prepare ZnO thin films suitable for a good photocatalytic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor" title="precursor">precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thins%20films" title=" thins films"> thins films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36904/zinc-oxide-thin-films-deposition-by-spray-pyrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">534</span> Pyrolysis of Dursunbey Lignite and Pyrolysis Kinetics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S%C3%BCt%C3%A7%C3%BC">H. Sütçü</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Efe"> C. Efe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, pyrolysis characteristics of Dursunbey-Balıkesir lignite and its pyrolysis kinetics are examined. The pyrolysis experiments carried out at three different heating rates are performed by using thermogravimetric method. Kinetic parameters are calculated by Coats & Redfern kinetic model and the degree of pyrolysis process is determined for each of the heating rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignite" title="lignite">lignite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermogravimetric%20analysis" title=" thermogravimetric analysis"> thermogravimetric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61724/pyrolysis-of-dursunbey-lignite-and-pyrolysis-kinetics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">533</span> Synthesis and Characterization of SnO2: Ti Thin Films Spray-Deposited on Optical Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demet%20Tatar">Demet Tatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahattin%20D%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn"> Bahattin Düzgün</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we have newly developed titanium-tin oxide (TiSnO) thin films as the transparent conducting oxides materials by the spray pyrolysis technique. Tin oxide thin films doped with different Ti content were successfully grown by spray pyrolysis and they were characterized as a function of Ti content. The effect of Ti contents on the crystalline structure and optical properties of the as-deposited SnO2:Ti films was systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis spectrometer and photoluminecenc spectrophotometer. The X-ray diffraction patterns taken at room temperature showed that the films are polycrystalline. The preferred directions of crystal growth appeared in the difractogram of SnO2: Ti (TiTO) films were correspond to the reflections from the (110), (200), (211) and (301) planes. The grain size varies from 21.8 to 27.8 nm for (110) preferred plane. SEM and AFM study reveals the surface of TiTO to be made of nanocrystalline particles. The highest visible transmittance (570 nm) of the deposited films is 80 % for 20 wt % titanium doped tin oxide films. The obtained results revealed that the structures and optical properties of the films were greatly affected by doping levels. These films are useful as conducting layers in electro chromic and photovoltaic devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparent%20conducting%20oxide" title="transparent conducting oxide">transparent conducting oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensors" title=" gas sensors"> gas sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SnO2" title=" SnO2"> SnO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti" title=" Ti"> Ti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronic" title=" optoelectronic"> optoelectronic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28486/synthesis-and-characterization-of-sno2-ti-thin-films-spray-deposited-on-optical-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">532</span> The Study of Tire Pyrolysis Fuel in CI Diesel Engine for Spray Combustion Character and Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Pao%20Kuo">Chun Pao Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Tong%20Lin"> Chi Tong Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study explored atomization characteristics of tire pyrolysis fuel and its impacts on using three types of fuel: diesel oil mixed with 10% of tire pyrolysis fuel (called T10), diesel oil mixed with 20% tire pyrolysis (called T20), and consumer-grade diesel oil (D100). The investigators used the fuel for simulation and tests at various fuel injection timing, engine speed, and fuel injection speed to inspect impacts from fuel type on oil droplet atomization speed and output power. Actual vehicle tests were conducted using a 5-ton sedan (Hino) with 3660 cc displacement and a front-end inline four-cylinder diesel engine, and this type of vehicle is easily available from the market. A dynamometer was used to set up three engine speeds for the dynamometer testing at different injection timing and pressure. Next, an exhaust analyzer was used to measure exhaust pollution at different conditions to explore the effect of fuel types and injection speeds on output power in order to establish the best operation conditions for tire pyrolysis fuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title="diesel engine">diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust%20pollution" title=" exhaust pollution"> exhaust pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20injection%20timing" title=" fuel injection timing"> fuel injection timing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tire%20pyrolysis%20oil" title=" tire pyrolysis oil"> tire pyrolysis oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31810/the-study-of-tire-pyrolysis-fuel-in-ci-diesel-engine-for-spray-combustion-character-and-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">531</span> Cold Spray Coating and Its Application for High Temperature </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Sidhu">T. S. Sidhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amongst the existing coatings methods, the cold spray is new upcoming process to deposit coatings. As from the name itself, the cold spray coating takes place at very low temperature as compare to other thermal spray coatings. In all other thermal spray coating process the partial melting of the coating powder particles takes place before deposition, but cold spray process takes place in solid state. In cold spray process, the bonding of coating power with substrate is not metallurgical as in other thermal spray processes. Due to supersonic speed and less temperature of spray particles, solid state, dense, and oxide free coatings are produced. Due to these characteristics, the cold spray coatings have been used to protect the materials against hot corrosion. In the present study, the cold spray process, cold spray fundaments, its types, and its applications for high temperatures are discussed in the light of presently available literature. In addition, the assessment of cold spray with the competitive technologies has been conferred with available literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20spray%20coating" title="cold spray coating">cold spray coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20corrosion" title=" hot corrosion"> hot corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20spray%20coating" title=" thermal spray coating"> thermal spray coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-temperature%20materials" title=" high-temperature materials "> high-temperature materials </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89039/cold-spray-coating-and-its-application-for-high-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">530</span> Theoretical and Experimental Study of Iron Oxide Thin Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahima%20Djefaflia">Fahima Djefaflia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Loutfi%20Benkhedir"> M. Loutfi Benkhedir </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this work was to development and characterisation of iron oxide thin films by spray pyrolysis technique. Influences of deposition parameters pile temperature on structural and optical properties have been studied Thin films are analysed by various techniques of materials. The structural characterization of films by analysis of spectra of X-ray diffraction showed that the films prepared at T=350,400,450 are crystalline and amorphous at T=300C. For particular condition, two phases hematiteFe2O3 and magnetite Fe3O4 have been observed.The UV-Visible spectrophotometer of this films confirms that it is possible to obtain films with a transmittance of about 15-30% in the visible range. In addition, this analysis allowed us to determine the optical gap and disorder of films. We conclude that the increase in temperature is accompanied by a reduction in the optical gap with increasing in disorder. An ab initio calculation for this phase shows that the results are in good agreement with the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis%20technique" title="spray pyrolysis technique">spray pyrolysis technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20oxide" title=" iron oxide"> iron oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ab%20initio%20calculation" title=" ab initio calculation"> ab initio calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18983/theoretical-and-experimental-study-of-iron-oxide-thin-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">529</span> Assessing the Bioactivity and Cell Viability of Apatite-Wollastonite Glass Ceramics Prepared via Spray Pyrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andualem%20Workie">Andualem Workie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we examined the sinterability and bioactivity of MgO-SiO₂-P₂O₅-CaO-CaF₂ glass compositions created through spray pyrolysis. We evaluated the bioactivity of the materials by immersing them for varying periods of time in simulated bodily fluid (SBF) and found that bioactivity was related to the sintering temperature and soaking time. The material's pH value during immersion in SBF was within the range of 7.4-8.2, which is below 8.5 and improves compatibility and reduces toxicity in biological applications. We used X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to determine the phase compositions and morphologies of the samples and found that the 1100°C sintered A-W GC sample exhibited the highest bioactivity after soaking in SBF. This sample was dominated by fluorapatite, wollastonite, and whitlockite crystals scattered throughout the glass matrix. The crystallinity (%) of the A-W GC increased as its bioactivity improved, making it more suitable for use in pharmaceutical applications. We also conducted a cytotoxicity test on A-W GC samples sintered at different temperatures and found that the glass-ceramics were non-toxic to MC3T3-E1 cells at all extraction concentrations, except for those sintered at 700°C at concentrations of 250, 200, and 150 mg/ml where cell viability (%) was below the threshold of 70%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apatite%20wollastonite%20glass%20ceramics" title="apatite wollastonite glass ceramics">apatite wollastonite glass ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactivity" title=" bioactivity"> bioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcination" title=" calcination"> calcination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20viability" title=" cell viability"> cell viability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161946/assessing-the-bioactivity-and-cell-viability-of-apatite-wollastonite-glass-ceramics-prepared-via-spray-pyrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">528</span> Liquid Fuel Production via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malee%20Santikunaporn">Malee Santikunaporn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neera%20Wongtyanuwat"> Neera Wongtyanuwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Channarong%20Asavatesanupap"> Channarong Asavatesanupap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pyrolysis of waste oil is an effective process to produce high quality liquid fuels. In this work, pyrolysis experiments of waste oil over Y zeolite were carried out in a semi-batch reactor under a flow of nitrogen at atmospheric pressure and at different reaction temperatures (350-450 <sup>o</sup>C). The products were gas, liquid fuel, and residue. Only liquid fuel was further characterized for its composition and properties by using gas chromatography, thermogravimetric analyzer, and bomb calorimeter. Experimental results indicated that the pyrolysis reaction temperature significantly affected both yield and composition distribution of pyrolysis oil. An increase in reaction temperature resulted in increased fuel yield, especially gasoline fraction. To obtain high amount of fuel, the optimal reaction temperature should be higher than 350 <sup>o</sup>C. A presence of Y zeolite in the system enhanced the cracking activity. In addition, the pyrolysis oil yield is proportional to the catalyst quantity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasoline" title="gasoline">gasoline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel" title=" diesel"> diesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20oil" title=" waste oil"> waste oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y%20zeolite" title=" Y zeolite"> Y zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93363/liquid-fuel-production-via-catalytic-pyrolysis-of-waste-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">527</span> Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics Investigation in Spray Cooling Systems Using Nanofluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Derk%20Huan">Lee Derk Huan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Irmawati"> Nur Irmawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to investigate the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of nanofluids used in spray cooling systems. The effect of spray height, type of nanofluids and concentration of nanofluids are numerically investigated. Five different nanofluids such as AgH2O, Al2O3, CuO, SiO2 and TiO2 with volume fraction range of 0.5% to 2.5% are used. The results revealed that the heat transfer performance decreases as spray height increases. It is found that TiO2 has the highest transfer coefficient among other nanofluids. In dilute spray conditions, low concentration of nanofluids is observed to be more effective in heat removal in a spray cooling system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20investigation" title="numerical investigation">numerical investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20cooling" title=" spray cooling"> spray cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluids" title=" nanofluids"> nanofluids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31663/fluid-flow-and-heat-transfer-characteristics-investigation-in-spray-cooling-systems-using-nanofluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">526</span> Co-Pyrolysis of Olive Pomace with Plastic Wastes and Characterization of Pyrolysis Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merve%20Sogancioglu">Merve Sogancioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20Yel"> Esra Yel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferda%20Tartar"> Ferda Tartar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihan%20Canan%20Iskender"> Nihan Canan Iskender</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waste polyethylene (PE) is classified as waste low density polyethylene (LDPE) and waste high density polyethylene (HDPE) according to their densities. Pyrolysis of plastic waste may have an important role in dealing with the enormous amounts of plastic waste produced all over the world, by decreasing their negative impact on the environment. This waste may be converted into economically valuable hydrocarbons, which can be used both as fuels and as feed stock in the petrochemical industry. End product yields and properties depend on the plastic waste composition. Pyrolytic biochar is one of the most important products of waste plastics pyrolysis. In this study, HDPE and LDPE plastic wastes were co-pyrolyzed together with waste olive pomace. Pyrolysis runs were performed at temperature 700°C with heating rates of 5°C/min. Higher pyrolysis oil and gas yields were observed by the using waste olive pomace. The biochar yields of HDPE- olive pomace and LDPEolive pomace were 6.37% and 7.26% respectively for 50% olive pomace doses. The calorific value of HDPE-olive pomace and LDPE-olive pomace of pyrolysis oil were 8350 and 8495 kCal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title="biochar">biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-pyrolysis" title=" co-pyrolysis"> co-pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20plastic" title=" waste plastic"> waste plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20olive%20pomace" title=" waste olive pomace"> waste olive pomace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43077/co-pyrolysis-of-olive-pomace-with-plastic-wastes-and-characterization-of-pyrolysis-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">525</span> Pyrolysis of the Reed (Phragmites australis) and Evaluation of Pyrolysis Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Helvaci">Ahmet Helvaci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selcuk%20Dogan"> Selcuk Dogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reed in especially almost all the lakes in Western Anatolia grows naturally. Due to the abundance of reed, pyrolysis of reed is very economical and practical application. In this study, it is aimed to determine the optimum conditions for the pyrolysis of the reed which is a cheap and abundant raw material and to evaluate pyrolysis products. For this purpose, reed was used obtained from Eber Lake located in the borders of Bolvadin county of Afyonkarahisar. Optimum pyrolysis conditions have been determined by examining the effects of changes in pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time. The evaluation of the obtained liquid and solid pyrolysis products has been investigated. Especially evaluability of solid carbon black production of tires has been investigated. Tire samples were prepared with carbon black samples obtained as a result of the pyrolysis process at different temperatures. Then, performance tests were made and compared with reference carbon blacks, used in the market and standards. At the same time, surface area measurement analysis of carbon black samples was made and compared again with reference carbon blacks. In addition, the fuel values of liquid products were also determined by calorimeter. It has been determined that the best surface area (about 370 m²/g) for carbon black samples, for tire production is 40 minutes at 500ᵒC. It was also found that the best result for evaluation studies in tire production was carbon black samples obtained at 450ᵒC pyrolysis temperature. In addition, it was seen that the calorimetry results of the liquid product obtained during 60 minutes of pyrolysis were quite good (around 5500 kcal/kg). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20of%20products" title="evaluation of products">evaluation of products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reed" title=" reed"> reed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78867/pyrolysis-of-the-reed-phragmites-australis-and-evaluation-of-pyrolysis-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">524</span> Quantitative Characterization of Single Orifice Hydraulic Flat Spray Nozzle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20C.%20Khoo">Y. C. Khoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20T.%20Lai"> W. T. Lai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The single orifice hydraulic flat spray nozzle was evaluated with two global imaging techniques to characterize various aspects of the resulting spray. The two techniques were high resolution flow visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). A CCD camera with 29 million pixels was used to capture shadowgraph images to realize ligament formation and collapse as well as droplet interaction. Quantitative analysis was performed to give the sizing information of the droplets and ligaments. This camera was then applied with a PIV system to evaluate the overall velocity field of the spray, from nozzle exit to droplet discharge. PIV images were further post-processed to determine the inclusion angle of the spray. The results from those investigations provided significant quantitative understanding of the spray structure. Based on the quantitative results, detailed understanding of the spray behavior was achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray" title="spray">spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20visualization" title=" flow visualization"> flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIV" title=" PIV"> PIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shadowgraph" title=" shadowgraph"> shadowgraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20sizing" title=" quantitative sizing"> quantitative sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20field" title=" velocity field"> velocity field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11794/quantitative-characterization-of-single-orifice-hydraulic-flat-spray-nozzle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">523</span> Pyrolysis and Combustion Kinetics of Palm Kernel Shell Using Thermogravimetric Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanit%20Manatura">Kanit Manatura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The combustion and pyrolysis behavior of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) were investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer. A 10 mg sample of each biomass was heated from 30 °C to 800 °C at four heating rates (within 5, 10, 15 and 30 °C/min) in nitrogen and dry air flow of 20 ml/min instead of pyrolysis and combustion process respectively. During pyrolysis, thermal decomposition occurred on three different stages include dehydration, hemicellulose-cellulose and lignin decomposition on each temperature range. The TG/DTG curves showed the degradation behavior and the pyrolysis/combustion characteristics of the PKS samples which led to apply in thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetic factors including activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined by the Coats-Redfern method. The obtained kinetic factors are used to simulate the thermal decomposition and compare with experimental data. Rising heating rate leads to shift the mass loss towards higher temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title="combustion">combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20kernel%20shell" title=" palm kernel shell"> palm kernel shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermogravimetric%20analyzer" title=" thermogravimetric analyzer"> thermogravimetric analyzer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84897/pyrolysis-and-combustion-kinetics-of-palm-kernel-shell-using-thermogravimetric-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">522</span> Sea-Spray Calculations Using the MESO-NH Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alix%20Limoges">Alix Limoges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Bruch"> William Bruch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Yohia"> Christophe Yohia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacques%20Piazzola"> Jacques Piazzola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A number of questions arise concerning the long-term impact of the contribution of marine aerosol fluxes generated at the air-sea interface on the occurrence of intense events (storms, floods, etc.) in the coastal environment. To this end, knowledge is needed on sea-spray emission rates and the atmospheric dynamics of the corresponding particles. Our aim is to implement the mesoscale model MESO-NH on the study area using an accurate sea-spray source function to estimate heat fluxes and impact on the precipitations. Based on an original and complete sea-spray source function, which covers a large size spectrum since taking into consideration the sea-spray produced by both bubble bursting and surface tearing process, we propose a comparison between model simulations and experimental data obtained during an oceanic scientific cruise on board the navy ship Atalante. The results show the relevance of the sea-spray flux calculations as well as their impact on the heat fluxes and AOD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20models" title="atmospheric models">atmospheric models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea-spray%20source" title=" sea-spray source"> sea-spray source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea-spray%20dynamics" title=" sea-spray dynamics"> sea-spray dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosols" title=" aerosols"> aerosols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148639/sea-spray-calculations-using-the-meso-nh-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">521</span> Highly Oriented and Conducting SNO2 Doped Al and SB Layers Grown by Automatic Spray Pyrolysis Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Boularouk">A.Boularouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Chouikh"> F. Chouikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lamri"> M. Lamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Moualkia"> H. Moualkia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Bouznit"> Y. Bouznit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The principal aim of this study is to considerably reduce the resistivity of the SnO2 thin layers. In this order, we have doped tin oxide with aluminum and antimony incorporation with different atomic percentages (0 and 4%). All the pure and doped SnO2 films were grown by simple, flexible and cost-effective Automatic Spray Pyrolysis Method (ASPM) on glass substrates at a temperature of 350 °C. The microstructural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of the films have been studied. The XRD results demonstrate that all films have polycrystalline nature with a tetragonal rutile structure and exhibit the (200) preferential orientation. It has been observed that all the dopants are soluble in the SnO2 matrix without forming secondary phases. However, dopant introduction does not modify the film growth orientation. The crystallite size of the pure SnO2 film is about 36 nm. The films are highly transparent in the visible region with an average transmittance reaching up to 80% and it slightly reduces with increasing doping concentration (Al and Sb). The optical band gap value was evaluated between 3.60 eV and 3.75 eV as a function of doping. The SEM image reveals that all films are nanostructured, densely continuous, with good adhesion to the substrate. We note again that the surface morphology change with the type and concentration dopant. The minimum resistivity is 0.689*10-4, which is observed for SnO2 film doped 4% Al. This film shows better properties and is considered the best among all films. Finally, we concluded that the physical properties of the pure and doped SnO2 films grown on a glass substrate by ASPM strongly depend on the type and concentration dopant (Al and Sb) and have highly desirable optical and electrical properties and are promising materials for several applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tin%20oxide" title="tin oxide">tin oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20spray" title=" automatic spray"> automatic spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%20and%20Sb%20doped" title=" Al and Sb doped"> Al and Sb doped</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmittance" title=" transmittance"> transmittance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEB" title=" MEB"> MEB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD%20and%20UV-VIS" title=" XRD and UV-VIS"> XRD and UV-VIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169567/highly-oriented-and-conducting-sno2-doped-al-and-sb-layers-grown-by-automatic-spray-pyrolysis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">520</span> About the Effect of Temperature and Heating Rate on the Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20del%20Carmen%20Recio-Ruiz">María del Carmen Recio-Ruiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramiro%20Ruiz-Rosas"> Ramiro Ruiz-Rosas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juana%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Rosas"> Juana María Rosas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Rodr%C3%ADguez-Mirasol"> José Rodríguez-Mirasol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%C3%A1s%20Cordero"> Tomás Cordero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At the present time, conventional fossil fuels show environmental and sustainability disadvantages with regard to renewables energies. Producing energy and chemicals from biomass is an interesting alternative for substitution of conventional fossil sources with a renewable feedstock while enabling zero net greenhouse gases emissions. Pyrolysis is a well-known process to produce fuels and chemicals from biomass. In this work, conventional and fast pyrolysis of different agro-industrial residues (almond shells, hemp hurds, olive stones, and Kraft lignin) was studied. Both processes were carried out in a fixed bed reactor under nitrogen flow and using different operating conditions to analyze the influence of temperature (400-800 ºC) and heating rate (10 and 20 ºC/minfor conventional pyrolysis and 50 ºC/s for fast pyrolysis)on the yields, products distribution, and composition of the different fractions. The results showed that for both conventional and fast pyrolysis, the solid fraction yield decreased with temperature, while the liquid and gas fractions increased. In the case of the fast pyrolysis, a higher content of liquid fraction than that obtained in conventional pyrolysis could be observed due to cracking reactions occur at a lesser extent. With respect to the composition of de non-condensable fraction, the main gases obtained were CO, CO₂ (mainly at low temperatures), CH₄, and H₂ (mainly at high temperatures). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-oil" title="bio-oil">bio-oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20pyrolysis" title=" conventional pyrolysis"> conventional pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20pyrolysis" title=" fast pyrolysis"> fast pyrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145426/about-the-effect-of-temperature-and-heating-rate-on-the-pyrolysis-of-lignocellulosic-biomass-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">519</span> Co-Pyrolysis of Bituminous Coal with Peat by Thermogravimetric Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceren%20Efe">Ceren Efe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hale%20S%C3%BCt%C3%A7%C3%BC"> Hale Sütçü</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the pyrolysis of bituminous coal, peat and their blends formed by mixing various ratios of them were examined by thermogravimetric analysis method. Thermogravimetric analyses of peat, bituminous coal and their blends in the proportions of 25 %, 50 % and 75 % were performed at heating rate of 10 °C/min and from the room temperature until to 800 °C temperature, in a nitrogen atmosphere of 100 ml/min. Kinetic parameters for the pyrolysis process were calculated using Coats&Redfern kinetic model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bituminous%20coal" title="bituminous coal">bituminous coal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peat" title=" peat"> peat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermogravimetric%20analysis" title=" thermogravimetric analysis"> thermogravimetric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coats%26Redfern" title=" Coats&Redfern"> Coats&Redfern</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62239/co-pyrolysis-of-bituminous-coal-with-peat-by-thermogravimetric-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">518</span> Co-Pyrolysis Characteristics of Waste Polyolefins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%CC%87nem%20U%C4%9Fuz">Si̇nem Uğuz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuksel%20Ardali"> Yuksel Ardali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays rapid population growth causes a mandatory increase in consumption. As a result of production activities which meet this consumption, energy sources decrease rapidly on our world. As well as with this production activities various waste occurs. At the end of the production and accumulation of this waste need a mandatory disposal. In this context, copyrolysis of waste polyolefins were investigated. In this study for pyrolysis process, polyethylene and polyprophylene are selected as polyolefins. The pyrolysis behavior (efficiency of solid, liquid and gas production) of selected materials were examined at the different temperatures and different mixtures. Pyrolysis process was carried out at 550 °C and 600 °C without air in a fixed bed pyrolysis oven solid under the nitrogen flow to provide inertness of medium. Elemental analyses (C, H, O, N, S) of this solid and liquid (bitumen) products were made and the calorific value was calculated. The availability of liquid product as a fuel was investigated. In addition different products’ amounts formed like solid, liquid and gas at different temperatures were evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20energy" title="alternative energy">alternative energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elemental%20analysis" title=" elemental analysis"> elemental analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20reduction" title=" waste reduction"> waste reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54584/co-pyrolysis-characteristics-of-waste-polyolefins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">517</span> Effect of Humidity on In-Process Crystallization of Lactose During Spray Drying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirali%20Ebrahimi">Amirali Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20G.%20Langrish"> T. A. G. Langrish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of various humidities on process yields and degrees of crystallinity for spray-dried powders from spray drying of lactose with humid air in a straight-through system have been studied. It has been suggested by Williams–Landel–Ferry kinetics (WLF) that a higher particle temperature and lower glass-transition temperature would increase the crystallization rate of the particles during the spray-drying process. Freshly humidified air produced by a Buchi-B290 spray dryer as a humidifier attached to the main spray dryer decreased the particle glass-transition temperature (Tg), while allowing the particle temperature (Tp) to reach higher values by using an insulated drying chamber. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and moisture sorption analysis were used to measure the degree of crystallinity for the spray-dried lactose powders. The results showed that higher Tp-Tg, as a result of applying humid air, improved the process yield from 21 ± 4 to 26 ± 2% and crystallinity of the particles by decreasing the latent heat of crystallization from 43 ± 1 to 30 ± 11 J/g and the sorption peak height from 7.3 ± 0.7% to 6 ± 0.7%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactose" title="lactose">lactose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20drying" title=" spray drying"> spray drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humid%20air" title=" humid air"> humid air</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7244/effect-of-humidity-on-in-process-crystallization-of-lactose-during-spray-drying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">516</span> A Novel Approach for Energy Utilisation in a Pyrolysis Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Murugan">S. Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bohumil%20Horak"> Bohumil Horak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pyrolysis is one of the possible technologies to derive energy from waste organic substances. In recent years, pilot level and demonstrated plants have been installed in few countries. The heat energy lost during the process is not effectively utilized resulting in less savings of energy and money. This paper proposes a novel approach to integrate a combined heat and power unit(CHP) and reduce the primary energy consumption in a tyre pyrolysis pilot plant. The proposal primarily uses the micro combined heat and power concept that will help to produce both heat and power in the process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title="pyrolysis">pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20tyres" title=" waste tyres"> waste tyres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20plastics" title=" waste plastics"> waste plastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20heat" title=" waste heat"> waste heat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28362/a-novel-approach-for-energy-utilisation-in-a-pyrolysis-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">515</span> Effect of Barium Doping on Structural, Morphological, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Sprayed ZnO Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Djaaboube">H. Djaaboube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Loucif"> I. Loucif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Bouachiba"> Y. Bouachiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Aouati"> R. Aouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Maameri"> A. Maameri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Taabouche"> A. Taabouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouabellou"> A. Bouabellou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin films of pure and barium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared using a spray pyrolysis process. The films were deposited on glass substrates at 450°C. The different samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the formation of a single ZnO Wurtzite structure and the good crystallinity of the films. The substitution of Ba ions influences the texture of the layers and makes the (002) plane a preferential growth plane. At concentrations below 6% Ba, the hexagonal structure of ZnO undergoes compressive stresses due to barium ions which have a radius twice of the Zn ions. This result leads to the decrees of a and c parameters and, therefore, the volume of the unit cell. This result is confirmed by the decrease in the number of crystallites and the increase in the size of the crystallites. At concentrations above 6%, barium substitutes the zinc atom and modifies the structural parameters of the thin layers. The bandgap of ZnO films decreased with increasing doping; this decrease is probably due to the 4d orbitals of the Ba atom due to the sp-d spin-exchange interactions between the band electrons and the localized d-electrons of the substituted Ba ion. Although, the Urbache energy undergoes an increase which implies the creation of energy levels below the conduction band and decreases the band gap width. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO doped 9% Ba was evaluated by the photodegradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barium" title="barium">barium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping" title=" doping"> doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodegradation" title=" photodegradation"> photodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title=" ZnO"> ZnO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160203/effect-of-barium-doping-on-structural-morphological-optical-and-photocatalytic-properties-of-sprayed-zno-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">514</span> Flame Spray Pyrolysis as a High-Throughput Method to Generate Gadolinium Doped Titania Nanoparticles for Augmented Radiotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malgorzata%20J.%20Rybak-Smith">Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedicte%20Thiebaut"> Benedicte Thiebaut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Johnson"> Simon Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Bishop"> Peter Bishop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20E.%20Townley"> Helen E. Townley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gadolinium doped titania (TiO2:Gd) nanoparticles (NPs) can be activated by X-ray radiation to generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which can be effective in killing cancer cells. As such, treatment with these NPs can be used to enhance the efficacy of conventional radiotherapy. Incorporation of the NPs in to tumour tissue will permit the extension of radiotherapy to currently untreatable tumours deep within the body, and also reduce damage to neighbouring healthy cells. In an attempt to find a fast and scalable method for the synthesis of the TiO2:Gd NPs, the use of Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) was investigated. A series of TiO2 NPs were generated with 1, 2, 5 and 7 mol% gadolinium dopant. Post-synthesis, the TiO2:Gd NPs were silica-coated to improve their biocompatibility. Physico-chemical characterisation was used to determine the size and stability in aqueous suspensions of the NPs. All analysed TiO2:Gd NPs were shown to have relatively high photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the FSP synthesized silica-coated TiO2:Gd NPs generated enhanced ROS in chemico. Studies on rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines (RD & RH30) demonstrated that in the absence of irradiation all TiO2:Gd NPs were inert. However, application of TiO2:Gd NPs to RMS cells, followed by irradiation, showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation. Consequently, our studies showed that the X-ray-activatable TiO2:Gd NPs can be prepared by a high-throughput scalable technique to provide a novel and affordable anticancer therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title="cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gadolinium" title=" gadolinium"> gadolinium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROS" title=" ROS"> ROS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titania%20nanoparticles" title=" titania nanoparticles"> titania nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray" title=" X-ray"> X-ray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7506/flame-spray-pyrolysis-as-a-high-throughput-method-to-generate-gadolinium-doped-titania-nanoparticles-for-augmented-radiotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">513</span> Bio-Oil Production and Chromatographic Characterization from the Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20Ferdiyanto">Arif Ferdiyanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fajar%20Hamida"> Fajar Hamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20Hidayat"> Arif Hidayat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oil palm empty fruit bunches, derived biomass available in Indonesia, is one of the potential biomass to produce biofuels like bio-oil due to its abundant supply and favorable physicochemical characteristics. An interesting alternative of utilising the oil palm empty fruit bunches is in the production of bio-oil by pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches to bio-oil is being considered for national energy security and environmental advantages. The aim of this study was to produce bio-oil by pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches at various temperature and observe its detailed chemical composition. The biomass was submitted to a pyrolysis in a batch reactor. Experiments were carried out at a temperature range of 450–600°C and heating rate range of 10-20°C/min. The yield of bio-oil was found to be maximum at the temperature of 600°C. The bio-oils detailed compositions were investigated using FTIR and GC-MS. The bio-char produced as a co-product can be a potential soil amendment with multiple benefits including soil fertility and for solid fuel applications that also contributes to the preservation of the environment. The present investigation suggests the suitability of oil palm empty fruit bunches as a potential feedstock for exploitation of energy and biomaterials through pyrolysis process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-oil" title="bio-oil">bio-oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm%20empty%20fruit%20bunches" title=" oil palm empty fruit bunches"> oil palm empty fruit bunches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66672/bio-oil-production-and-chromatographic-characterization-from-the-pyrolysis-of-oil-palm-empty-fruit-bunches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">512</span> In₀.₁₈Al₀.₈₂N/AlN/GaN/Si Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors with Backside Metal-Trench Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S%20Lee">C. S Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20C.%20Hsu"> W. C. Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Y.%20Liu"> H. Y. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20J.%20Lin"> C. J. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20C.%20Yao"> S. C. Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20T.%20Shen"> Y. T. Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20C.%20Lin"> Y. C. Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In₀.₁₈Al₀.₈₂N/AlN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOS-HFETs) having Al₂O₃ gate-dielectric and backside metal-trench structure are investigated. The Al₂O₃ gate oxide was formed by using a cost-effective non-vacuum ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (USPD) method. In order to enhance the heat dissipation efficiency, metal trenches were etched 3-µm deep and evaporated with a 150-nm thick Ni film on the backside of the Si substrate. The present In₀.₁₈Al₀.₈₂N/AlN/GaN MOS-HFET (Schottky-gate HFET) has demonstrated improved maximum drain-source current density (IDS, max) of 1.08 (0.86) A/mm at VDS = 8 V, gate-voltage swing (GVS) of 4 (2) V, on/off-current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 8.9 × 10⁸ (7.4 × 10⁴), subthreshold swing (SS) of 140 (244) mV/dec, two-terminal off-state gate-drain breakdown voltage (BVGD) of -191.1 (-173.8) V, turn-on voltage (Von) of 4.2 (1.2) V, and three-terminal on-state drain-source breakdown voltage (BVDS) of 155.9 (98.5) V. Enhanced power performances, including saturated output power (Pout) of 27.9 (21.5) dBm, power gain (Gₐ) of 20.3 (15.5) dB, and power-added efficiency (PAE) of 44.3% (34.8%), are obtained. Superior breakdown and RF power performances are achieved. The present In₀.₁₈Al₀.₈₂N/AlN/GaN MOS-HFET design with backside metal-trench is advantageous for high-power circuit applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backside%20metal-trench" title="backside metal-trench">backside metal-trench</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAlN%2FAlN%2FGaN" title=" InAlN/AlN/GaN"> InAlN/AlN/GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOS-HFET" title=" MOS-HFET"> MOS-HFET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-vacuum%20ultrasonic%20spray%20pyrolysis%20deposition" title=" non-vacuum ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition"> non-vacuum ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85398/in018al082nalngansi-metal-oxide-semiconductor-heterostructure-field-effect-transistors-with-backside-metal-trench-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> A Comparative Study on Biochar from Slow Pyrolysis of Corn Cob and Cassava Wastes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adilah%20Shariff">Adilah Shariff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurhidayah%20Mohamed%20Noor"> Nurhidayah Mohamed Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Lau"> Alexander Lau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azwan%20Mohd%20Ali"> Muhammad Azwan Mohd Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomass such as corn and cassava wastes if left to decay will release significant quantities of greenhouse gases (GHG) including carbon dioxide and methane. The biomass wastes can be converted into biochar via thermochemical process such as slow pyrolysis. This approach can reduce the biomass wastes as well as preserve its carbon content. Biochar has the potential to be used as a carbon sequester and soil amendment. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the corn cob, cassava stem, and cassava rhizome in order to identify their potential as pyrolysis feedstocks for biochar production. This was achieved by using the proximate and elemental analyses as well as calorific value and lignocellulosic determination. The second objective is to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the biochar produced. A fixed bed slow pyrolysis reactor was used to pyrolyze the corn cob, cassava stem, and cassava rhizome. The pyrolysis temperatures were varied between 400 °C and 600 °C, while the heating rate and the holding time were fixed at 5 °C/min and 1 hour, respectively. Corn cob, cassava stem, and cassava rhizome were found to be suitable feedstocks for pyrolysis process because they contained a high percentage of volatile matter more than 80 mf wt.%. All the three feedstocks contained low nitrogen and sulphur content less than 1 mf wt.%. Therefore, during the pyrolysis process, the feedstocks give off very low rate of GHG such as nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides. Independent of the types of biomass, the percentage of biochar yield is inversely proportional to the pyrolysis temperature. The highest biochar yield for each studied temperature is from slow pyrolysis of cassava rhizome as the feedstock contained the highest percentage of ash compared to the other two feedstocks. The percentage of fixed carbon in all the biochars increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased. The increment of pyrolysis temperature from 400 °C to 600 °C increased the fixed carbon of corn cob biochar, cassava stem biochar and cassava rhizome biochar by 26.35%, 10.98%, and 6.20% respectively. Irrespective of the pyrolysis temperature, all the biochars produced were found to contain more than 60 mf wt.% fixed carbon content, much higher than its feedstocks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title="biochar">biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cassava%20wastes" title=" cassava wastes"> cassava wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn%20cob" title=" corn cob"> corn cob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53405/a-comparative-study-on-biochar-from-slow-pyrolysis-of-corn-cob-and-cassava-wastes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> Effect of Segregation on the Reaction Rate of Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Soria-Verdugo">A. Soria-Verdugo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Morato-Godino"> A. Morato-Godino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20M.%20Garc%C3%ADa-Guti%C3%A9rrez"> L. M. García-Gutiérrez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Garc%C3%ADa-Hernando"> N. García-Hernando</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evolution of the pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a fixed and a fluidized bed was analyzed using a novel measuring technique. This original measuring technique consists of installing the whole reactor over a precision scale, capable of measuring the mass of the complete reactor with enough precision to detect the mass released by the sewage sludge sample during its pyrolysis. The inert conditions required for the pyrolysis process were obtained supplying the bed with a nitrogen flowrate, and the bed temperature was adjusted to either 500 ºC or 600 ºC using a group of three electric resistors. The sewage sludge sample was supplied through the top of the bed in a batch of 10 g. The measurement of the mass released by the sewage sludge sample was employed to determine the evolution of the reaction rate during the pyrolysis, the total amount of volatile matter released, and the pyrolysis time. The pyrolysis tests of sewage sludge in the fluidized bed were conducted using two different bed materials of the same size but different densities: silica sand and sepiolite particles. The higher density of silica sand particles induces a flotsam behavior for the sewage sludge particles which move close to the bed surface. In contrast, the lower density of sepiolite produces a neutrally-buoyant behavior for the sewage sludge particles, which shows a proper circulation throughout the whole bed in this case. The analysis of the evolution of the pyrolysis process in both fluidized beds show that the pyrolysis is faster when buoyancy effects are negligible, i.e. in the bed conformed by sepiolite particles. Moreover, sepiolite was found to show an absorbent capability for the volatile matter released during the pyrolysis of sewage sludge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubbling%20fluidized%20bed" title="bubbling fluidized bed">bubbling fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20rate" title=" reaction rate"> reaction rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segregation%20effects" title=" segregation effects"> segregation effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20sludge" title=" sewage sludge"> sewage sludge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63611/effect-of-segregation-on-the-reaction-rate-of-sewage-sludge-pyrolysis-in-a-bubbling-fluidized-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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