The law as a shield against the triple planetary crisis

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With policies predicting a 2.6-3.1°C temperature rise, stronger judicial action is essential to meet the 1.5°C target. Over 2,300 climate litigation cases show public demand for accountability. Recognizing the right to a healthy environment, supported by 164 states, is crucial for enforcing commitments and protecting vulnerable groups. UNEP urges courts to strengthen environmental law to protect billions and reinforce global regulations." /> <meta name="keywords" content="Global,Climate Action,Climate Justice,Environmental law and governance," /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/speech/law-shield-against-triple-planetary-crisis" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.unep.org/" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/styles/article_billboard_image/s3/2024-11/20241116_UNEP_COP29-Baku_FlorianFussstetter4.jpg?h=8442f389&itok=VyLVw_F5" /> <meta name="referrer" content="origin" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="UNEP" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/speech/law-shield-against-triple-planetary-crisis" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The law as a shield against the triple planetary crisis" /> <meta property="og:description" content="UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen highlights the judiciary’s key role in tackling climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. With policies predicting a 2.6-3.1°C temperature rise, stronger judicial action is essential to meet the 1.5°C target. Over 2,300 climate litigation cases show public demand for accountability. Recognizing the right to a healthy environment, supported by 164 states, is crucial for enforcing commitments and protecting vulnerable groups. UNEP urges courts to strengthen environmental law to protect billions and reinforce global regulations." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/styles/article_billboard_image/s3/2024-11/20241116_UNEP_COP29-Baku_FlorianFussstetter4.jpg?h=8442f389&itok=VyLVw_F5" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/styles/article_billboard_image/s3/2024-11/20241116_UNEP_COP29-Baku_FlorianFussstetter4.jpg?h=8442f389&itok=VyLVw_F5" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/styles/article_billboard_image/s3/2024-11/20241116_UNEP_COP29-Baku_FlorianFussstetter4.jpg?h=8442f389&itok=VyLVw_F5" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1400" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="The law as a shield against the triple planetary crisis" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/unep" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/unep" /> <meta property="article:section" content="News and Stories" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="Global" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="Climate Action" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="Climate Justice" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="Environmental law and governance" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="Sat, 11/16/2024 - 18:24" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="Sun, 11/17/2024 - 11:17" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen highlights the judiciary’s key role in tackling climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. With policies predicting a 2.6-3.1°C temperature rise, stronger judicial action is essential to meet the 1.5°C target. Over 2,300 climate litigation cases show public demand for accountability. Recognizing the right to a healthy environment, supported by 164 states, is crucial for enforcing commitments and protecting vulnerable groups. 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class="main_breadcrumb"> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories">News, Stories & Speeches</a> </li> <li> speech </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article_header_image"><img src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/styles/article_billboard_image/s3/2024-11/20241116_UNEP_COP29-Baku_FlorianFussstetter4.jpg?h=8442f389&amp;itok=VyLVw_F5" alt="Photo by UNEP/Florian Fussstetter" title="The law as a shield against the triple planetary crisis"></div> <div class="article_header_meta"> <div class="content_container"> <div class="article_header_meta_wrap"> <div class="article_header_meta_info"> <span class="article_header_meta_info_date"><small>16 Nov 2024</small></span> <span class="article_header_meta_info_type"><small><a href="https://unep.org/resources/filter/type=article/story_type=408">Speech</a></small></span> <span class="article_header_meta_info_topic"><small><a href="/explore-topics/climate-action">Climate Action</a></small></span> </div> <div class="article_header_meta_title"><h1>The law as a shield against the triple planetary crisis</h1></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="photo_credit">Photo by UNEP/Florian Fussstetter</div> </div> <div class="article_content"> <div class="content_container"> <div class="content_wrap"> <div class="content_main"> <div class="content_main_container"> <div class="speech_details"> <div class="speech_details_deliverer"> <span class="speech_details_field">Speech delivered by: </span> <a href="/people/inger-andersen" hreflang="en">Inger Andersen</a> </div> <div class="speech_details_event"> <span class="speech_details_field">For: </span> COP29 Official Side Event on Climate Change and Courts: Judicial Perspectives on Climate Litigation </div> <div class="speech_details_location"> <span class="speech_details_field">Location: </span> Baku, Azerbaijan </div> </div> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><div id="block-unep-3spot-content"> <article id="ThisOne" data-history-node-id="38634"> <div> <div> <div id="field_body"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--content paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="para_content_text"> <div><p>My thanks to the Global Judicial Institute on the Environment, led by my good friend Chief Justice Antonio Benjamin, for organizing this event. And to the many partners who supported it.</p> <p>Even at current temperatures, climate change has massive impacts on human health, rights and dignity – particularly for those in vulnerable and marginalized situations. We have all witnessed this. And things are going to get worse before they get better. </p> <p>According to UNEP’s new <a href="https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2024">Emissions Gap Report</a>, current <a href="https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs">Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)</a> put the world on track for a global temperature rise of 2.6 to 2.8°C this century. Current policies point to 3.1°C. In the next round of NDCs, nations must promise and deliver massive cuts to greenhouse gas emissions to avoid overshooting 1.5°C and try to minimize further damage.</p> <p>Even if this happens, the impacts of climate change will last for decades. And we must not forget that this is part of a wider triple planetary crisis: the <a href="https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/climate-action">crisis of climate change</a>, <a href="https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/ecosystems-and-biodiversity">nature and biodiversity loss</a>, and <a href="https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/chemicals-waste">pollution and waste</a>. This triple crisis is threatening the foundations of prosperity, peace and security. </p> <p>As anxiety grows, people are turning to courts to compel governments and businesses to act. Over 2,300 climate cases have been filed in dozens of jurisdictions. In 2023, we saw the issue elevated to the international stage, with three advisory opinions before international courts or tribunals. And the judicial architecture to hear these cases is also evolving.  There are now thousands of specialized environmental courts and tribunals around the world. </p> <p>Not all cases are going to go the way those who bring them want them to go, as we saw last week in the Netherlands. That is the nature of the law. Judges must follow the law. But even though the landmark Milleudefensie appeal was not upheld, an informed judiciary made pointed observations about the obligations of fossil fuel companies to reduce emissions. And there can be no doubt that such litigation will keep growing. People want climate change stopped or managed, and will use all legal means at their disposal to make it happen.</p> <p>At the same time, the rules of the game are becoming clearer.</p> <p>The human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment has been recognized by the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council. The right has been acknowledged in the Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan. In the <a href="https://www.unep.org/resources/kunming-montreal-global-biodiversity-framework">Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework</a>. In the Bonn Declaration for a Planet Free of Harm from Chemicals and Waste. And by other human rights bodies.</p> <p>Today, 164 States recognize the right to a healthy environment through national constitutions, laws or regional treaties. If nations implement this right fully – which they must – it will empower action on the triple planetary crisis, provide a more predictable and consistent global regulatory environment for businesses, and, crucially, protect environmental defenders and indigenous peoples from persecution. <br><br>There have been positive developments on this front. Parties to the Escazu Agreement, in Latin America and the Caribbean, decided to operationalize an article on environmental defenders. Parties to the Aarhus Convention established the world’s first Special Rapporteur on environmental defenders. Further discussions on new environmental rights instruments are emerging in Southeast Asia and Africa.</p> <p>And talks are ongoing to secure a legally binding instrument to address plastic pollution, with the final round of negotiations about to start in Busan, Republic of Korea. This instrument will have wide-ranging implications throughout the world. Let’s not forget that if plastic production keeps growing as predicted, it will expend a projected 20 per cent of the carbon budget for 1.5°C by 2040. </p> <p>Friends,</p> <p>As this legal environment develops and solidifies, judges and the courts will have a prominent role to play in ending the triple planetary crisis. </p> <p>So, I ask you to work with UNEP to accelerate environmental rule of law. This is the glue that can make commitments in the new NDCs, in the plastic instrument and and other processes stick. </p> <p>I ask you to work with UNEP and partners to build global judicial capacity for adjudicating climate and environmental cases. We are developing a proposal for a five-year programme, with UNDP and others. We welcome partnership. </p> <p>I ask you to support institutions like the Global Judicial Institute on the Environment, which is working increase the capacity of judges to answer environment challenges.</p> <p>Environmental rule of law is a shield that protects people, above all those who cannot protect themselves. Right now, billions of people need that protection. And that, justices, judges and colleagues, is what we must give them.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="content_banner_wrap"><div class="content_banner"> </div></div> <div class="article_tags"> <span class="article_tags_title">Topics</span> <div class="article_tags_topics"> <ul> <li><a href="/explore-topics/climate-action">Climate action</a></li> <li><a href="/explore-topics/environmental-law-and-governance">Environmental law and governance</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="article_tags_tags"> <ul> <li><a href="https://unep.org/resources/filter/alltags=545">Climate Justice</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content_aside"> <div class="mini_sdgs sdgs_2"> <div class="contextual_sdg_item"> <a href="/topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-13-climate" target="_blank"> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_container"> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_image"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/s3fs-public/styles/ex/public/2023-03/E-WEB-Goal-13.png?itok=IMI907CM" width="400" height="400" alt="" /> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item"> <a href="/topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-15-life-2" target="_blank"> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_container"> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_image"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/s3fs-public/styles/ex/public/2023-03/E-WEB-Goal-15.png?itok=j8ZPLEHm" width="400" height="400" alt="" /> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="content_sidebar"> <div class="content_sidebar_highlight"> <div class="content_sidebar_highlight_title"><h3>Further Resources</h3></div> <div class="content_sidebar_highlight_item_new"> <div class="content_sidebar_highlight_item_links"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.unep.org/unep-climate-cop29">UNEP at COP29</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.unep.org/events/conference/united-nations-climate-change-conference-unfccc-cop-29">UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 29)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/climate-action">UNEP's work on Climate Action</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article_related"> <div class="content_container"> <div class="content_wrap"> <div class="content_main"> <div> <div class="content_main_container"> <h4>Related Content</h4> <div class="js-view-dom-id-5222a3b1fc3607bacbc0c9aab6bd43304d91d518426dcad78398c3e76169e61f"> <div class="article_related_items"> <div class="article_related_item"> <div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="article_related_item_wrap"> <div class="article_related_item_image"> <a href="/news-and-stories/speech/action-environmental-crises-more-urgent-ever" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" 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class="contextual_sdg_item_text"> <h3>Goal 11</h3> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_text_description">Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities</div> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_button">+</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item"> <a href="/topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-12-9" target="_blank"> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_container"> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_image"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/s3fs-public/styles/ex/public/2023-03/E-WEB-Goal-12.png?itok=wOoSpgcm" width="400" height="400" alt="" /> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_text"> <h3>Goal 12</h3> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_text_description">Goal 12: Sustainable Consumption and Production</div> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_button">+</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item"> <a 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class="contextual_sdg_item_text"> <h3>Goal 14</h3> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_text_description">Goal 14: Life Below Water</div> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_button">+</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item"> <a href="/topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-15-life-2" target="_blank"> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_container"> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_image"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/s3fs-public/styles/ex/public/2023-03/E-WEB-Goal-15.png?itok=j8ZPLEHm" width="400" height="400" alt="" /> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_text"> <h3>Goal 15</h3> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_text_description">Goal 15: Life on Land</div> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item_button">+</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="contextual_sdg_item"> <a href="/topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-16-peace" target="_blank"> <div 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