CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135e0e8cb2d9fd4',cH: 'VjKByKiEMZKUZG3Fa9U3gYohfjrOMqpXNoSoQaYlJRo-1739796368-1.2.1.1-2rctcLP_iom99_FmX9uKWyW48LmO.87f3Nr48sF3T8n53jRpRFtVT4qMTLudxI2J',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=V.%20N.%20Pham&__cf_chl_tk=6M5_VwkSfbwtJ_kMvbfPfbJvPIXD4r9n_A8DaQYbj9Q-1739796368-1.0.1.1-kMZOCNEAH3LdXIDej.ned9hfuikf_LAuCE8uQ1Ggu7E",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739796368',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=V.%20N.%20Pham&__cf_chl_f_tk=6M5_VwkSfbwtJ_kMvbfPfbJvPIXD4r9n_A8DaQYbj9Q-1739796368-1.0.1.1-kMZOCNEAH3LdXIDej.ned9hfuikf_LAuCE8uQ1Ggu7E",md: "4CkQ_ffoj8pB4x010JnVRuGcEuz0.Wdm.CDp4rX3rx8-1739796368-1.2.1.1-jJJFifLJ7JtGesOkdUlMIvGcnuPc2zVxGRGhDyqs4Ky5M_mMg3wC.EhQmKdSMX8PDSLIEIKrSJsrty39bPJ0ayaS71R5bth7n.Q5hVpyzW21thB.s6YpSQcUch5rZU5Qnxh8fAQlptSGOWuqloIR_4TD7Li7yadBVJi6QmwZ0knD13BYjFvYL67OwTRbTkFG4Vvsa_MzL6ukVzwTSDDmi3r1kGnwdgD2By4mfXhVngkZn3g9WsqaR4cMSnppIT2KN.HcNAeS5QfS21zVH5PmBcBW3i5GjruEj1pbk92EH.uTUP9JKLazSm4F77fwrQWTHVoRl36P9XobzEf8FnfKz4y.7jLPrWvplySl7TRQjLzpFlFuwNavxUXfHkHqmovshXQ0JCNX13dTP1tWk6huu.d4VzYBoKXXVoUgmHhpRGz6cRvXe8G145V3R.wV6tqzzXg_N2.Xmng1CTB8c9VSfLDDA4BPamCC4vYND0TKKzapwejf_P1a6mBIi56uHByblc2RZcNJygGw9scmTxTVU8vAp4w5YRbDyKP59acLWji.9UerryG7nQACE5kDY3Ba9Z0JCXl5vLtICq1BZPpDLalP9h4hIsK.3L8Kp9lnn_zgRpYQrKlGxHO95DmrmUyvtLHZ5JFtHgH9dduJzo8bTj_8NGttqZaQgU3uGQoIKdUDPXTpS3_QMoTXtGKgy6BMgF8EPX6VMPAejA0iSyM49eHiFsU09Px7L6z3wQF_hhcwkWyX4TPmR25UzodxjghjxkB.ZGT77nODvyzVkJ4C67rXLCyWwRyLvYvkB8v6d4_0DxPs1p4_nIJ3KD7hWpvL8TLudPX_muWYPIKQCOY2qGE_a7OaUCeIOAjvgOA8J4Ta2ihR9y3aksmRy9MrPs6oq3h.C3YL05eKH7wcsNHrVLCf.QMc3ENngD7Eo_tO5dnYqjIma7tEAMc17uDlEg.j5zAYLFGRMoB8MA1zKIVG2Wdwcc_aRAdY7aIHqgMQgMzY2fS0WCtG1S79ed1q8KyET0WA9osh7JO98uQnR2yXn8jv.zzXgU2DVXl8rWe7j4TlISEoFfviyh8LJWefE8KqqKthF_KPZZmfLTtjS4c2RY5xTeLDdbCQv1YtpIW4zCT3UZhxQyMxJECq9dZPIIsVMUV4TxxDexm8nFvYzGDUQmEzJtIIkMZDnbAf4brIM6mTaJ4h2pz_k1.jq3hNGfSskholPHarINHKV4pB0uGisp1c7qcRQsLvJTPDmLl.fIJGSex917R2n5F1DlbZB0FG1e.1nnhIl9Fxsb9DVtYKX.ApyceBMSly1bu.KSEgO5GtDd2eiCYfYdAyRYDbYn_PcCPHMnSKXEV5jG64F36Ynp87dOT1uJv0A5l6pd2y7WItaRSR.lCp5kW2cJRhw_FMDA58O_E5Y2Z68ACtWpWKC4CHsoMApedOP._KHp.FF3c_dWOW6luKKngQBf0Zo9Rp9y1_c5i2X.AvIXO0JMHgN_y8JfbX9A.ar5OoV_f6yOWiWVT2OyjCzxKL6RVfYYuy8cNZjWd0lktAabobrS0mjVcG0rlnKz6i6IsyVM5U23uToUKisAYZCaPOvYIcMDRsDIi0P982.0gYy9IAhbssrXRgk3AbwGqqQeDrv3T28diFGzp8nGfd88MY00KwwytSs6.5xbcPdAKeo3pVUEm2XAAFAVQJhkNASk.4Vsb6ilMwk4j8Q3WOXlAYqMnSz8vNdXZolJdPMKSrwz8fXjDDtQi4x6fIlqDLK.Zh37r8Xtx04h1QVK5O2Ao1cFDM9.VS4dm0XgihRn7wyMJ_9kT_IuS5C.dRm9STYdkVPseHgfUUBrTb5Z8zFYjkM85PzKJhI_jLYDRsAOw5Q6NmKVPcFyUBGU5mbGVmPV.AfqurcZAdtPMCdNq1fG0_wPCkY2YRiYzxDCeZ0KmyDs8tn.qDR0Jv.jI7Md3W0sMbQYLmiPU",mdrd: "Aou5moEzcAdY74.XoEus0KN6LCr3q2uaHdRxAbhRyIo-1739796368-1.2.1.1-rAzw9FxYexrQDG9BUT2PUcSctI_K.l7fkXOf71ENTOzBOs9GHgqw9xj4qtp5XeB.lX3u6ESaObbjnISCd5s292krWvYI8oS9K8zGFV6Bpg1YNRoHHEIqZvgNXyn8voh65bBaahzc9q09esimhtiydc2vWLzbpzgUP12sVoXIYuKDPVp4LjrAyQDXCsXODKYjKIMra1Eg9pyrndzJs8HYOFw1tMz7BDndFzIRJs9ri3EYAH3wA.cEj0LV9MJu0UwKOiFIVjmyzH0Rq8CNXEkKRLLXxhpqb9Qs8Mk.kK_sCIf1OqAHNS_yxMTP2dX0o9f0QPNDV2kW05PHgtAC9woN91Z9plCfYXYBBwof5X8uyNTFvESD2MmIcutJQb7Gb7O7IS3GfxXFIJ.tYqQI3tRHIRe56Ud_s_crKBdbSeyLoYw5yq9PzV4cldB3uVZYtlI6tscbxUAKII8e9at9.N5uGmfNaNUIARjP77NX_q97ajmmJPKzGTYEgQVPCBbAnoNjIh0XCfAByUMUicaMQyaZWH3.DHs7S.6Sf7IsC_UatPBKZCJglMegYj2.4edAv4TP_Reu5cKsl8nYnDSUklTSa_w9i9RFX9LinBiKTOQOIKgaBlWWlT8KUYgurF0W_UlqCwQVOC1FT.S765cTjmrSvato4WjWdTuICCLQ05bhVBJDdfJ8.tFUdAP01OMJT3zrpk6rfV4C2Q5B.sECkHKudTJw2VhjvhluYzOaFRH_K.3HsgW6doy_k1Mhi825UKY2GtQxSQrilCVenNZGbgXy_Pk0VfJuuVZZp5Z.Qw2f90dbu8RGg7hSRfVPZFEonH6gp6TeyG4Vz8BV7i0l2eeRp1pjnmQ9RkpR.m7V3ux9g97I1wClhH_FGh11WnGE1ry1uYZp4mcIHcZJCRVqApNQHRsr.6a3gIQiK9io0BQ6MZvHTfZeuyZEdysVaii8BhgkzQ7XgpGjALcS4sjI8a7qVM6vB9VETZjdESAYyetLqml1noaw.C2YKx0fgKC4kMoXK1yTKvVWUm7KtDOZ1tErn2svfFBcx3_4LTTb4HHeAhA_135WlPFciLBDWkMXux9q_M4aPraE5vVIH1Nw7AzLGgxNbUD7.1ElYFhh4H6XTCL7tEFIdA1X0bdjxC7m9T2ZRCib9Fe.XukWu864Cb5XmjcaBmlABS3WanMMMZnCrtTdb002t6lDbBotltG8RhA0OtvWc_eEnie9K.wrJt1fFjvOtv3eZ9jbnoGmAyE1Iw2vG1dS5c5VzrZXnnbbl3VKWoN87Lku6aOikgdlB7A9yUtjdJgGy4DkaStOYtGpVUHPQd64sa77UTm28OSRKL4Bzwv0xvIkEJEHO2tTPgcLjieWI8eHzIYtWtFMBivay_gNVZwtU7pJXhHESq4Jg37YNxpanNRQCRleTboIAYicexx5e59t6ns6doK5Xif.ENezH4YOYFKzovJtTyAMO637cMXpEPcCt3NDxdpydJPkgJ51KggwxwulZKk1yeb4nskEbLgw2.rcZgN8vu3IVNfvn3wW6LWqCvbrr5J.B1K0nGc0dEawkdfa.avnEM3Oq7MFM_3.fNQ60nVBIDUdR_naBSHFaaU2p2iNZcA4QxavOVekV4A77Iqor_iWJ9amQTLZVTl2gv4_3gqnM92jcoVovu2FF1fZkIpl5YmH34g.KXkvl65.jb3hL7xowMe4zZ7lyKUQPuiPHEXZ29SpIdrbpI0OTsatxQuya1hZZfzBnQMrXRbeE_SfKq8VydnWtbBUoQCUEO2rEazMLWyOB9SMhzwXmAj6CZTLXMg8l9VQeuYRdq6O.pNV14EtcX50cb4GTaOJAPv7I8pk8Qih2zsMoMZ3UfRuh0HZApWSpe4HfUl81ykPnvcVD1IlAki_0my.UK.Nqy99_tplrHdc3Eg_y42MKiPWG3bqaX7pmlrDB0cT0R9r3w9sRzx.37cA5jgKg34_YRf5ZsJZ9Mxeb02jFX07WHYM3xEMH828cNQmiw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135e0e8cb2d9fd4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=V.%20N.%20Pham&__cf_chl_rt_tk=6M5_VwkSfbwtJ_kMvbfPfbJvPIXD4r9n_A8DaQYbj9Q-1739796368-1.0.1.1-kMZOCNEAH3LdXIDej.ned9hfuikf_LAuCE8uQ1Ggu7E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>