The Supreme Court Database

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Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed, the parties to the suit, the legal provisions considered in the case, and the votes of the Justices." /> <meta name="keywords" content="supreme court, spaeth, database" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <style type="text/css" media="screen,print">@import "includes/globalStyle.css";</style> <style type="text/css" media="screen,print">@import "fwCore/styleDebug.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="includes/globalJs.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="fwCore/jsDebug.js"></script>  <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="includes/bxSlider/jquery.bxslider.min.js"></script> <link href="includes/bxSlider/jquery.bxslider.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon.ico"> </head> <body> <a name="top"></a> <table width="980" align="center" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style=""> <tr> <td width="75%" style="height:90px; 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"> <div style="padding-left:0px; padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:10px; font-size:150%;">Petitioner State</div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; background-color:#eee;"> <tr> <td width="33%" style="line-height:15px; text-align:center; padding:10px;"><strong>Variable Name</strong><br />petitionerState</td> <td width="34%" style="line-height:15px; text-align:center; padding:10px;"><strong>Spaeth Name</strong><br />PARTY_1</td> <td width="33%" style="line-height:15px; text-align:center; padding:10px;"><strong>Normalizations</strong><br /> <a href='#norms'>64 [ view ]</a></td> </tr> </table> <br /> This variable identifies the state if the state or any one of the below is the petitioner. The exceptions are courts, judicial districts, or judges. If they are federal courts or federal judges, the "state" is always the United States. The same holds for other federal employees or officials. <br /> <br /><li>specified state board or department of education <br /><li>city, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit <br /><li>state commission, board, committee, or authority <br /><li>county government or county governmental unit <br /><li>state department or agency <br /><li>court or judicial district <br /><li>governmental employee or job applicant <br /><li>female governmental employee or job applicant <br /><li>minority governmental employee or job applicant <br /><li>minority female governmental employee or job applicant <br /><li>federal government corporation <br /><li>retired or former governmental employee <br /><li>U.S. House of Representatives <br /><l1>interstate compact <br /><li>judge <br /><li>state legislature, house, or committee <br /><li>local governmental unit other than a county, city, town, township, village, or borough <br /><li>governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact <br /><li>state or U.S. supreme court <br /><li>local school district or board of education <br /><li>U.S. Senate <br /><li>U.S. senator <br /><li>foreign nation or instrumentality <br /><li>state or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of <br /><li>state college or university <br /></ul> <br />See Petitioner variable for more details. <br /> <a name="norms"> </a><br /> <strong>Values:</strong><br /> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 1 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Alabama </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 2 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Alaska </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 3 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> American Samoa </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 4 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Arizona </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 5 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Arkansas </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 6 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> California </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 7 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Colorado </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 8 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Connecticut </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 9 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Delaware </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 10 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> District of Columbia </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 11 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Federated States of Micronesia </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 12 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Florida </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 13 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Georgia </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 14 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Guam </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 15 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Hawaii </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 16 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Idaho </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 17 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Illinois </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 18 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Indiana </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 19 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Iowa </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 20 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Kansas </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 21 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Kentucky </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 22 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Louisiana </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 23 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Maine </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 24 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Marshall Islands </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 25 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Maryland </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 26 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Massachusetts </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 27 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Michigan </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 28 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Minnesota </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 29 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Mississippi </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 30 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Missouri </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 31 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Montana </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 32 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Nebraska </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 33 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Nevada </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 34 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> New Hampshire </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 35 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> New Jersey </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 36 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> New Mexico </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 37 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> New York </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 38 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> North Carolina </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 39 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> North Dakota </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 40 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Northern Mariana Islands </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 41 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Ohio </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 42 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Oklahoma </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 43 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Oregon </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 44 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Palau </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 45 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Pennsylvania </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 46 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Puerto Rico </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 47 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Rhode Island </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 48 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> South Carolina </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 49 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> South Dakota </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 50 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Tennessee </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 51 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Texas </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 52 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Utah </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 53 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Vermont </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 54 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Virgin Islands </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 55 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Virginia </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 56 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Washington </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 57 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> West Virginia </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 58 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Wisconsin </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 59 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Wyoming </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 60 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> United States </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 61 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Interstate Compact </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 62 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Philippines </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 63 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Indian </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%" style="padding-right:20px; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; height:20px; background:#fff;"> 64 </td> <td width="95%" style="background:#fff; line-height:17px;"> Dakota </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="25%" valign="top" align="left" style="line-height:17px; padding-left:20px; border-left:1px solid #ccc;"> <div class="toc" onClick="toggleBlock('Introductory')">Introductory</div> <ul class="toc"> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=intro" class="toc">Introduction</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=cite" class="toc">Citing to the SCDB</a></li> </ul> <div class="toc" onClick="toggleBlock('Identification Variables')">Identification Variables</div> <ul class="toc"> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=caseId" class="toc">SCDB Case ID</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=docketId" class="toc">SCDB Docket ID</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=caseIssuesId" class="toc">SCDB Issues ID</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=voteId" class="toc">SCDB Vote ID</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=usCite" class="toc">U.S. Reporter Citation</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=sctCite" class="toc">Supreme Court Citation</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=ledCite" class="toc">Lawyers Edition Citation</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=lexisCite" class="toc">LEXIS Citation</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=docket" class="toc">Docket Number</a></li> </ul> <div class="toc" onClick="toggleBlock('Background Variables')">Background Variables</div> <ul class="toc"> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=caseName" class="toc">Case Name</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=petitioner" class="toc">Petitioner</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=petitionerState" class="tocOn">Petitioner State</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=respondent" class="toc">Respondent</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=respondentState" class="toc">Respondent State</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=jurisdiction" class="toc">Manner in which the Court takes Jurisdiction</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=adminAction" class="toc">Administrative Action Preceeding Litigation</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=adminActionState" class="toc">Administrative Action Preceeding Litigation State</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=threeJudgeFdc" class="toc">Three-Judge District Court</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=caseOrigin" class="toc">Origin of Case</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=caseOriginState" class="toc">Origin of Case State</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=caseSource" class="toc">Source of Case</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=caseSourceState" class="toc">Source of Case State</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=lcDisagreement" class="toc">Lower Court Disagreement</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=certReason" class="toc">Reason for Granting Cert</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=lcDisposition" class="toc">Lower Court Disposition</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=lcDispositionDirection" class="toc">Lower Court Disposition Direction</a></li> </ul> <div class="toc" onClick="toggleBlock('Chronological Variables')">Chronological Variables</div> <ul class="toc"> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=dateDecision" class="toc">Date of Decision</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=term" class="toc">Term of Court</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=naturalCourt" class="toc">Natural Court</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=chief" class="toc">Chief Justice</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=dateArgument" class="toc">Date of Oral Argument</a></li> <li class="toc"><a href="documentation.php?var=dateRearg" class="toc">Date of Reargument</a></li> </ul> <div class="toc" onClick="toggleBlock('Substantive Variables')">Substantive 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