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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> Excerpta Latina Barbari - translation</TITLE> <META content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" http-equiv=Content-Type> <META name="author" content="Andrew Smith"> <META name="description" content="A translation of the chronicle called Excerpta Latina Barbari"> <META NAME="viewport" CONTENT="width=device-width"> <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../styles.css"> </HEAD> <BODY CLASS="margins"> <A HREF="index.html"><IMG SRC="../back.jpg" ALT="back" ALIGN=RIGHT></A> <H1>Excerpta Latina Barbari</H1>     - Pages 32A - 36B, 44A, 46A - 55A Translated from Schoene's text (Eusebius, Appendix VI) This little chronicle was probably composed in Greek in about 500 A.D., and was later translated into Latin by the eponymous "barbarian", who unfortunately had only a rudimentary knowledge of both languages. As a result the meaning of some passages remains obscure, and the spelling of proper names is erratic - some of the more obvious mis-spellings have been corrected here. <HR> Contents: <UL> <LI><A HREF="#33B"> (33B) The testament of Alexander the founder</A> <LI><A HREF="#34B"> (34B) The twelve cities which Alexander founded</A> <LI><A HREF="#35A"> (35A) The Ptolemaei, kings of Egypt</A> <LI><A HREF="#44A"> (44A) The kingdom of the Macedonians</A> <LI><A HREF="#46A"> (46A) The Macedonian kings of Syria</A> <LI><A HREF="#46B"> (46B) The kings of Egypt</A> <LI><A HREF="#47A"> (47A) The high priests and kings of the Jews</A> <LI><A HREF="#48A"> (48A) The Roman emperors</A> <LI><A HREF="#49A"> (49A) The Roman consuls</A> </UL> <HR> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="33A">[33A]</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexander.html#3">Alexander</A> of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/macedonia.html#1">Macedonia</A>, the founder, reigned after <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/d/dareius.html#3">Darius</A> the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/media.html#1">Mede</A>, the son of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/arsames.html#1">Alsames</A>, for 8 years. From <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/adam.html#1">Adam</A> until the death of Alexander the founder, there are 5,137 years. He was succeeded by the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemaei.html#1">Ptolemaei</A>. During his reign Alexander of Macedonia, the founder, defeated Darius the king of the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/persia.html#1">Persians</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/porus.html#1">Porus</A> the king of the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/i/india.html#1">Indians</A>. He conquered all the nations from the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/caspian.html#2">Caspian</A> Gates in the east to the outer boundaries of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/heracles.html#1">Heracles</A> which lie in the furthest parts of the west, opposite <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/g/gades.html#1">Gades</A>. When he was close to death, Alexander left a testament, that each of his officers should rule in their individual provinces, as Alexander had instructed, as follows. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="33B">[33B]</A> The testament of Alexander the founder: <UL> <LI> He ordered <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/arrhidaeus.html#1">Aridaeus</A>, also called Philippus, to rule over Macedonia <LI> He instructed Leon to rule over <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/pontus.html#1">Pontus</A> <LI> He appointed <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/e/eumenes.html#3">Eumenes</A> [? as it is recorded] to rule over <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/paphlagonia.html#1">Paphlagonia</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/cappadocia.html#1">Cappadocia</A> <LI> He allowed the islands to be free, with the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/r/rhodes.html#1">Rhodians</A> to govern and administer them <LI> He appointed <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antigonus.html#1">Antigonus</A> to rule over <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/pamphylia.html#1">Pamphylia</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/l/lycia.html#1">Lycia</A> <LI> He granted <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/phrygia.html#1">Phrygia</A> and [? Great Caesarea] to Deasander <LI> He assigned <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/cilicia.html#1">Cilicia</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isauria">Isauria</A> and all the surrounding areas to <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/philon.html#3">Philon</A> <LI> He gave <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/syria.html#1">Syria</A> as far as <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/mesopotamia.html#1">Mesopotamia</A> for Tapitho to rule over <LI> He appointed <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/meleager.html#2">Meleager</A> to rule over the part of Syria called <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/coele.html#1">Coele</A>, which means <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/phoenicia.html#1">Phoenicia</A> <LI> He ordered <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/seleucus.html#1">Seleucus</A> to rule over <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/b/babylonia.html#1">Babylonia</A> <LI> He gave Egypt and the surrounding areas as far as upper <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/l/libya.html#1">Libya</A> to Philippus, who was called <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#1">Ptolemy</A> <LI> He appointed Archistratigus and Perdicus to be rulers and satraps of the region from upper Babylonia to the Caspian Gates <LI> He gave India around the river <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/hydaspes.html#1">Hydaspes</A> for Taxius to rule over <LI> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="34A">[34A]</A> He ordered Pythonas to rule over the part of India which extends beyond the river <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/i/indus.html#1">Indus</A> as far as the river Hydaspes <LI> He ordered Oxydarcus to rule over <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/parapamisus.html#1">Parapannisodum</A> [? or <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paropamisadae">Paropamisus</A>] <LI> He appointed Sybartus to rule over <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/arachosia.html#1">Arachosia</A> and Cedrosia <LI> He gave the whole of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/arabia.html#1">Arabia</A> to Stasanorus <LI> He gave <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/sogdiana.html#1">Sogdiana</A> for the [? younger] <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/philippus.html#9">Philippus</A> to rule over <LI> He gave the northern parts and the region of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/hyrcania.html#1">Hyrcania</A> for Antigonus to rule over <LI> He gave the whole of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/g/germany.html#1">Germany</A> [? or <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/carmania.html#1">Carmania</A>] to Tripolemus <LI> He gave the whole of Persis to Percus <LI> He appointed Antipalus to rule over <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/i/iberia.html#1">Iberia</A> as far as the river <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/halys.html#1">Halys</A> and the border of [? <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/heracleia.html#1">Heraclea</A>]. </UL> This was what Alexander instructed and granted to his officers, and each of them ruled as he had arranged. Alexander lived for 36 years, and reigned for 17 years as follows. He waged war for 9 years, until he was 38 years old. For the remaining 8 years, he lived in peace and security. He conquered 22 barbarian nations, and 13 Greek states. Alexander founded 12 cities, which are still inhabited: <UL> <LI> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="34B">[34B]</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#4">Alexandria</A> in Pentapolis <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#1">Alexandria</A> in Egypt <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#5">Alexandria</A> by the (?) <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/harpasus.html#2">Harpasus</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#6">Alexandria</A> Cabiosa <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#3">Alexandria</A> (?) <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/scythia.html#1">Scythia</A>, in (?) <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/aegaei.html#1">Aegaei</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#7">Alexandria</A> by <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/porus.html#3">Porus</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#8">Alexandria</A> on the river <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/cypris.html#1">Cypris</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#2">Alexandria</A> in the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/t/troad.html#1">Troad</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#9">Alexandria</A> in Babylonia <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#10">Alexandria</A> in (?) the Mesasgages <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#11">Alexandria</A> in Persia <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#12">Alexandria</A> the strongest </UL> and then he died. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="35A">[35A]</A> The <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemaei.html#1">Ptolemaei</A>, kings of Egypt. From the death of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexander.html#3">Alexander</A> up until <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/cleopatra.html#7">Cleopatra</A>, queen of Egypt, there are 294 years, as follows: After the death of Alexander, as has been said already, Ptolemy Philippus, one of Alexander's advisers, ruled in Egypt for 7 years. In total, 5,144 years. The high priest was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/johanan.html#1">Jannaeus</A>. At that time <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/menander.html#3">Menander</A> [the writer of comedies] was in his prime. After Philippus, Ptolemy Alexander, another adviser of Alexander, was king for 12 years. In total, 5,156 years. The high priest at Jerusalem was the same Jannaeus. At that time the 70 <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/hebrews.html#1">Hebrew</A> wise men translated the scriptures into the Greek language. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="35B">[35B]</A> The next king in Egypt was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#1">Ptolemy</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/l/lagus.html#1">Lagus</A>, for 20 years. In total, 5,176 years. The high priest in Jerusalem was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jaddus.html#1">Jaddus</A>. At that time, <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jesus.html#3">Jesus</A> the son of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/sirach.html#1">Sirach</A> was in his prime, who taught the Hebrews about god-given wisdom. The next king in Egypt was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#2">Ptolemy</A> Philadelphus, for 38 years. In total, 5,214 years. The high priest was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/o/onias.html#1">Onias</A>. After Philadelphus, <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#3">Ptolemy</A> Euergetes was king in Egypt for 25 years. In total, 5,239 years. The high priest at Jerusalem was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/simon.html#1">Simon</A>, and after him another <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/o/onias.html#2">Onias</A>. After Euergetes, his son <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#4">Ptolemy</A> Philopator was king for 17 years. In total, 5,256 years. The high priest at Jerusalem was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/e/eleazar.html#1">Eleazar</A>. After Philopator, his son <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#5">Ptolemy</A> Epiphanes was king for 24 years. In total, 5,280 years. The high priest at Jerusalem was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/manasses.html#1">Manasses</A>. After Ptolemy Epiphanes, his son <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#6">Ptolemy</A> Philometor was king in Egypt for 35 years. In total, 5,315 years. The high priest at Jerusalem was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/simon.html#2">Simon</A>. At that time, the events described in the book of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/maccabees.html#2">Maccabees</A> took place at Jerusalem, when <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#4">Antiochus</A> was king of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/syria.html#1">Syria</A>. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="36A">[36A]</A> After Ptolemy Philometor, his son the second <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#8">Euergetes</A> was king in Egypt for 29 years. In total, 5,344 years. The high priest at Jerusalem was another <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/o/onias.html#3">Onias</A>. The next king in Egypt was <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#9">Ptolemy</A> Soter, for 36 years. In total, 5,380 years. The high priests in Jerusalem were <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jason.html#3">Jesus</A> for 6 years, another <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/menelaus.html#4">Onias</A> for 7 years, and Jannaeus for 15 years. The next king in Egypt was the new <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#12">Dionysus</A>, for 29 years. In total, 5,409 years. The high priests in Jerusalem were <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/simon.html#3">Simon</A> for 8 years and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/hyrcanus.html#1">John</A> for 20 years. At that time Sosates the "Hebrew <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/homer.html#1">Homerus</A>" was in his prime <A CLASS="ref" NAME="36B">[36B]</A> at <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#1">Alexandria</A>. After the new Dionysus, Cleopatra <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/b/berenice.html#6">Berenice</A> was (?) the last of the Ptolemaei to rule in Egypt, for 22 years. In total, 5,431 years. The kingdom of the Ptolemaei in Egypt lasted for 294 years, from the death of Alexander up until the death of Cleopatra, who built the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/pharos.html#1">Pharus</A> at Alexandria. From <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/adam.html#1">Adam</A> up until the death of Cleopatra there were 5,431 years, and then the Lord <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/g/god.html#1">God</A> handed over the kingdom of Egypt to the Romans, who have ruled it up until the present day. And from then until now, there has not been a king in Egypt. - - - - - <A CLASS="ref" NAME="44A">[44A]</A> After [the death of] <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexander.html#3">Alexander</A> the founder, his empire was divided amongst his officers. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/arrhidaeus.html#1">Philippus</A> the brother of Alexander succeeded him as king of the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/macedonia.html#1">Macedonians</A>, and then as follows: <UL> <LI> 25. Philippus the brother for 7 years <LI> 26. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/cassander.html#1">Cassander</A> for 19 years <LI> 27. [The sons of] Cassander for 4 years <LI> 28. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/d/demetrius.html#1">Demetrius</A> for 5 years <LI> 29. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/pyrrhus.html#1">Pyrrhus</A> for 11 months <LI> 30. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/l/lysimachus.html#1">Lysimachus</A> for 5 years <LI> 31. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#17">Ptolemy</A> Ceraunus for 2 years <LI> 32. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/meleager.html#3">Meleager</A> for 7 months <LI> 33. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antipater.html#3">Antipater</A> for 2 months <LI> 34. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/sosthenes.html#1">Sosthenes</A> for 2 years <LI> 35. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antigonus.html#2">Antigonus</A> Gonatas for 35 years <LI> 36. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/d/demetrius.html#2">Demetrius</A> for 10 years <LI> 37. another <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antigonus.html#3">Antigonus</A> for 15 years <LI> 38. another <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/philippus.html#5">Philippus</A> for 45 years <LI> 39. <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/perseus.html#2">Perseus</A> for 10 years </UL> The kingdom of the Macedonians started in the 33rd year of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/u/uzziah.html#1">Uzziah</A> king of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/judah.html#3">Judah</A>, and lasted for 647 years, until the 153rd <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/o/olympiad.html#1">Olympiad</A>. - - - - - <A CLASS="ref" NAME="46A">[46A]</A> The <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/macedonia.html#1">Macedonian</A> kings of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/syria.html#1">Syria</A> and their dates, starting from <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexander.html#3">Alexander</A> the founder. Alexander the son of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/philippus.html#2">Philippus</A> began to rule the Macedonians in the 111th <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/o/olympiad.html#1">Olympiad</A>. He conquered all the other kingdoms and brought them under Macedonian control in the course of twelve and a half years. When he died he left four successors: <UL> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/arrhidaeus.html#1">Philippus</A> his brother, as king of Macedonia <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antigonus.html#1">Antigonus</A>, as king of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/asia.html#1">Asia</A> <LI> He ordered <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#1">Ptolemy</A> Philippus to rule over all of Egypt <LI> He ordered <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/seleucus.html#1">Seleucus</A> Nicanor to rule over all of Syria </UL> The kings of Syria and their dates are as follows: <OL> <LI> Seleucus Nicanor for 32 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#1">Antiochus</A> Soter for 19 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#2">Antiochus</A> Theoidus for 15 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/seleucus.html#2">Seleucus</A> Callinicus for 21 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/seleucus.html#3">Seleucus</A> Ceraunus for 3 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#3">Antiochus</A> the Great for 36 years <LI> Antiochus Philometor for 12 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#4">Antiochus</A> Epiphanes for 11 years This is the king who imposed idolatry on the Jews, as is related in the book of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/maccabees.html#2">Maccabees</A>. <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#5">Antiochus</A> Eupator for 2 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/d/demetrius.html#3">Demetrius</A> Soter for 12 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#8">Antiochus</A> Grypus for 10 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/d/demetrius.html#4">Demetrius</A> Grypus for 3 years <LI> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="46B">[46B]</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#7">Antiochus</A> Situs for 9 years <LI> Demetrius the son for 4 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#8">Antiochus</A> the son of Grypus for 7 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#9">Antiochus</A> Cyzicenus for 18 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/philippus.html#23">Philippus</A> for 2 [years] </OL> Philippus was the last of the kings, and with him the kingdom of the Syrians came to an end. Gaius Julius <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/caesar.html#18">Caesar</A>, the Roman emperor, brought it under Roman control. The kingdom of the Syrians had lasted for 221 years before it came to an end. The kings of Egypt, and their dates. They reigned for 294 years after the death of Alexander, as follows: <OL> <LI> Ptolemy Philippus for 7 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#2">Philadelphus</A> Alexander for 12 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#1">Ptolemy</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/l/lagus.html#1">Lagus</A> for 20 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#3">Ptolemy</A> Euergetes for 38 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#4">Ptolemy</A> Philopator for 17 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#5">Ptolemy</A> Epiphanes for [24] years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#6">Ptolemy</A> Philometor for 35 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#8">Ptolemy</A> Euergetes Physcus for 29 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#9">Ptolemy</A> Soter for 36 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#10">Ptolemy</A> Philadelphus Soter for 25 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemy.html#12">Ptolemy</A> the new Dionysus for 29 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/cleopatra.html#7">Cleopatra</A> for 12 years </OL> The kingdom of the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemaei.html#1">Ptolemaei</A> came to an end when Octavianus <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/augustus.html#1">Augustus</A> was emperor, in the 14th year of his reign. The kingdom had lasted for 294 years. <OL> <LI> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="47A">[47A]</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jesus.html#2">Jesus</A> the son of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/josedec.html#1">Josedec</A>, together with <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/z/zorobabel.html#1">Zorobabel</A>, was the first to be appointed as high priest. <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jacimus.html#1">Jacimus</A> the son of Jesus <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/e/eliasibus.html#1">Eliasibus</A> the son of Jacimus <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jodae.html#1">Jodae</A> the son of Eliasibus <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/johanan.html#1">John</A> the son of Jodae <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jaddus.html#1">Jaddus</A> the son of John At this time Alexander of Macedonia founded <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandria.html#1">Alexandria</A>. He came to Jerusalem and worshipped the Lord <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/g/god.html#1">God</A>, saying: "Glory to you Lord, who live for ever, supreme above all". <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/o/onias.html#1">Onias</A> the son of Jaddus. <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/e/eleazar.html#1">Eleazar</A> the son of Onias. At that time the seventy <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/hebrews.html#1">Hebrew</A> wise men translated the scriptures into the Greek language at Alexandria. <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/o/onias.html#2">Onias</A> the son of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/simon.html#1">Simon</A> and brother of Eleazar. <LI> Then Simon the son of Jaddus. At that time <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jesus.html#3">Jesus</A> the son of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/sirach.html#1">Sirach</A> was in his prime, who wrote the great book of wisdom for the Hebrews. <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/o/onias.html#3">Onias</A> the son of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/simon.html#2">Simon</A>. At that time <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antiochus.html#4">Antiochus</A> the king of the Syrians conquered the Jews and forced them to speak in the Greek language. <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/judas.html#1">Judas</A> Maccabaeus the son of Onias <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jonathan.html#1">Jonathan</A> the brother of Judas <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/simon.html#3">Simon</A> the brother of Jonathan <LI> Then John who was called <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/hyrcanus.html#1">Hyrcanus</A>, the son of Jonathan <LI> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/aristobulus.html#1">Aristobulus</A> the son of John He was the first to assume the diadem, and take the title of king as well as high priest. <LI> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="47B">[47B]</A> Then <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexander.html#27">Alexander</A> Jannaeus, who was both king and high priest The anointed leaders ruled [the Jews] from the time of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/cyrus.html#1">Cyrus</A> up until Jannaeus for 483 years, which is 69 "sevens" of years, as was declared by <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/d/daniel.html#1">Daniel</A> in some way. After Alexander Jannaeus, who was both king and high priest, the traditional appointment of anointed high priest came to an end. <LI> The next king was Salinai and his wife <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/alexandra.html#1">Alexandra</A>. <LI> After him, there was a civil war between his sons and the Roman general <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/pompeius.html#22">Pompeius</A> captured Jerusalem and entered as far as the (?) hidden part of the temple. Then the Jewish nation became tributary to the Romans. Pompeius appointed <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/hyrcanus.html#2">Hyrcanus</A> to be high priest, and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antipater.html#14">Antipater</A> of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/ascalon.html#1">Ascalon</A> to govern <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/palestine.html#1">Palestine</A>. </OL> At that time, Gaius Julius Caesar became the first emperor of the Romans, for 18 years. Then Augustus was emperor for 56 years, and then his successors. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="48A">[48A]</A> The dates of the Roman emperors. Gaius Julius <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/caesar.html#18">Caesar</A> became the first emperor of the Romans in the 183rd <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/o/olympiad.html#1">Olympiad</A>. This Gaius Julius Caesar invented the bissextile [the intercalary day] and the solar calendar. After him Octavianus <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/augustus.html#1">Augustus</A> was emperor, and then his successors, as follows, with their consulships: <OL> <LI> Augustus for 56 years - cons. 13 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/t/tiberius.html#1">Tiberius</A> for 23 years - cons. 5 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/caligula.html#1">Gaius</A> for 10 years - cons. 4 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/claudius.html#1">Claudius</A> for 15 years - cons. 5 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/n/nero.html#1">Nero</A> for 14 years - cons. 4 <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/g/galba.html#13">Galba</A> [Otho] <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/v/vitellius.html#1">Vitellius</A> for one and a half years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/t/titus.html#1">Titus</A> for 3 years - cons. 8 <LI> Domitianus for 16 years - cons. 7 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/n/nerva.html#1">Nerva</A> for 2 years - cons. 4 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/t/trajanus.html#1">Trajanus</A> for 20 years - cons. 6 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/hadrianus.html#1">Hadrianus</A> for 12 years - cons. 3 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antoninus.html#1">Antoninus</A> for 13 years - cons. 4 <LI> Marcus (?) <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/aurelius.html#1">Verus</A> for 20 years - cons. 24 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/commodus.html#1">Commodus</A> for 13 years - cons. 7 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/v/vespasianus.html#1">Vespasianus</A> for 9 years - cons. 10 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/pertinax.html#1">Pertinax</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/d/didius.html#2">Didius</A> for ? years - cons. 4 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/severus.html#1">Severus</A> for 3 months - cons. ? <LI> Geta <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/caracalla.html#1">Caracalla</A> for ? years - cons. 25 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/macrinus.html#1">Macrinus</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/e/elagabalus.html#1">Heliogabalus</A> for 5 years - cons. 1 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/severus.html#2">Alexander</A> son of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/mamaea.html#1">Mamaea</A> for 13 years - cons. 3 <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/maximinus.html#1">Maximus</A> for 3 years - cons. 2 <LI> Balbinus, Publianus and Cordus for 1 year <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordian_III">Gordianus</A> for 6 years - cons. 2 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/philippus.html#30">Philippus</A> for 6 years - cons. 3 <LI> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="48B">[48B]</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decius">Decius</A> for 2 years - cons. 1 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus">Gallus</A> and Volusianus, jointly for 3 years - cons. 7 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/aemilianus.html#1">Aemilianus</A>, <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/v/valerianus.html#1">Valerianus</A> and Galerianus, jointly for 15 years - cons. 7 <LI> Gallianus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/claudius.html#2">Claudius</A> for 2 years - cons. 1 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/q/quintillus.html#1">Quintillus</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/aurelianus.html#1">Aurelianus</A> for 6 years - cons. 3 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Tacitus">Tacitus</A> and Florianus for 1 year - cons. 1 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/probus.html#1">Probus</A> for 6 years - cons. 5 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/carus.html#2">Carus</A>, Carinus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerian">Numerianus</A>, jointly for 2 and a half years - cons. (each) 2 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/d/diocletianus.html#1">Diocletianus</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/maximianus.html#1">Maximianus</A> for 21 years, together with <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/constantius.html#1">Constantius</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/maxentius.html#1">Maximus</A> for 12 years <LI> Constantius, <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/constantinus.html#1">Constantinus</A> the Great, and his son <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_II_(emperor)">Constantinus</A> for 31 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/constantius.html#2">Constantius</A>, Costa and Constantinus the younger, jointly for 24 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate">Julianus</A> for 2 years - cons. 2 <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovian_(emperor)">Jovianus</A> for 8 months <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinian_I">Valentinianus</A>, <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/v/valens.html#1">Valens</A>, and their sons Gratianus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinian_II">Valentinianus</A> for 22 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_II">Theodosius</A> the Great, and his sons <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/arcadius.html#1">Arcadius</A> and Honorius for 36 years <LI> Theodosius and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinian_III">Valentinianus</A> for 51 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/v/valentinianus.html#3">Valentinus</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcian">Marcianus</A> for 5 years <LI> Marcianus alone for 7 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_I_the_Thracian">Leo</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/anthemius.html#1">Anthimus</A> for 19 years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)">Leo</A> the younger and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)">Zenon</A> for 2 years <LI> Basiliscus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/marcus.html#1">Marcus</A> for 20 months <LI> Zenon alone for ? years <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasius_I_of_the_Byzantine_Empire">Anastasius</A> alone for ? years </OL> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="49A">[49A]</A> So we have accurately described the reigns of all the kings. We will now relate some details about the Roman empire. Until <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/cleopatra.html#7">Cleopatra</A> the kingdom of the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/ptolemaei.html#1">Ptolemaei</A> in Egypt lasted for 294 years, and there have not been any kings in Egypt since Cleopatra up until the present day. While the Ptolemaei were ruling in Egypt, the Romans fought against the Spaniards and conquered them. The Romans raised up Julius, who was also called Caesar, to be their emperor. This is the same Julius Caesar who invented the bissextile and the solar calendar. He also decreed that there should be a consul (?) every year. Gaius Julius Caesar was emperor for 18 years, and after him Octavianus Augustus [was emperor]. Consuls: <OL> <LI> Gaius Julius Caesar (II) and Marcus <LI> Gratianus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antonius.html#12">Antoninus</A> <LI> Gaius Julius Caesar (II) and Flavius Marcus </OL> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="49B">[49B]</A> Gaius Julius Caesar was the first emperor at Rome, for 18 years. <UL> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/hirtius.html#1">Hirtius</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/pansa.html#2">Pansa</A> <LI> Burtus and Cortilianus <LI> Gaius Julius Caesar (III) and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/l/lepidus.html#17">Lepidus</A> <LI> Munatius and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/plancus.html#2">Plancus</A> <LI> Aemilius and Caesarius <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antonius.html#14">Antoninus</A> and Sevilianus <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/v/vatia.html#2">Isauricus</A> and Crispus <LI> Octavius and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/pollio.html#2">Pollio</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/censorinus.html#5">Censorinus</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/sabinus.html#2">Sabinus</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/claudius.html#46">Pulcher</A> and Enobaudus <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/g/gallus.html#13">Gallus</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/agrippa.html#4">Agrippa</A> <LI> Octavianus and the son of (?) Nerva <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/pompeius.html#19">Pompeius</A> and Cornilius <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/l/libo.html#7">Libo</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/antonius.html#12">Antoninus</A> <LI> Cicero and Publicollato </UL> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="50A">[50A]</A> In the year of these consuls, Julius <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/caesar.html#18">Caesar</A> was killed, and Octavianus <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/augustus.html#1">Augustus</A> became emperor. Augustus ruled for 56 years, and held 13 consulships. From <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/adam.html#1">Adam</A> until the start of Augustus' reign, there are 5,467 years. <OL> <LI> Augustus (I) and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/t/tullus.html#2">Tullius</A> <LI> Augustus (II) and Socius <LI> Augustus (III) and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/crassus.html#21">Crassus</A> <LI> Augustus (IV) and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/messalla.html#8">Messala</A> <LI> Thenabaudus (V) and Scipio <LI> Augustus (VI) and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/appuleius.html#1">Apuleius</A> <LI> Augustus (VII) and Agrippa In the year of these consuls, <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/carthage.html#1">Carthage</A> was restored, on the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/i/ides.html#1">Ides</A> of July, on the 18th day of <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/e/epeiph.html#1">Epeiph</A>. <LI> Augustus (VIII) and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/silanus.html#6">Silvanus</A> <LI> Augustus (IX) and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/t/taurus.html#2">Taurus</A> <LI> Augustus (X) and Sullius <LI> Augustus (XI) and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/piso.html#22">Piso</A> At that time, when Lentulus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/silanus.html#7">Silvanus</A> were consuls, <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/z/zechariah.html#1">Zechariah</A> saw a vision of an angel in the temple of the Lord. <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/arruntius.html#2">Arruntius</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/marcellus.html#19">Marcellus</A> <LI> Celsus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/t/tiberius.html#1">Tiberius</A> <LI> Tullius and (?) <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/l/lepidus.html#21">Aemilius</A> <LI> Asperius and Severius <LI> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="50B">[50B]</A> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/saturninus.html#2">Saturninus</A> and Cinnus <LI> Lentulus and Silvanus At that time, while the same Lentulus and Silvanus were consuls, an angel announced to <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/e/elizabeth.html#1">Elizabeth</A> about [the birth of] <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/john.html#4">John</A>, on 25th March. <LI> Savinus and Antoninus <LI> Lentulus (II) and Lepidus <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/r/rufus.html#10">Rufinus</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso_(consul_15_BC)">Piso</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/messalla.html#10">Mesalla</A> and Serinianus <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paullus_Fabius_Maximus">Maximus</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintus_Aelius_Tubero">Tubero</A> <LI> Africanus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africanus_Fabius_Maximus">Maximus</A> <LI> <LI> Aruntius and Priscus <LI> Censorinus and Gallio <LI> Nero and Placidus <LI> Balbinus and Veretus At that time the angel <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/g/gabriel.html#1">Gabriel</A> was sent to the virgin <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/mary.html#1">Mary</A>, in the (?) 13th year of Augustus, on 25th March. <LI> Felecius and Sulla <LI> Lentulus and Auxonius <LI> Caesarius and Austorinus <LI> Silvanus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/paulinus.html#1">Paulinus</A> In the sixth month, Mary went to her relative Elizabeth. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="51A">[51A]</A> Elizabeth greeted her and said, "Why am I so favoured, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? The baby in my womb leaped for joy and blessed you." <LI> Priscus and Romanus <LI> Juctor and Protarchus <LI> Senecio and Bardo <LI> Timagenes and Nigrianus <LI> Syrianus and Peregrinus <LI> Xifidius and Marcellus At that time in the reign of Augustus, John the forerunner, the son of Zechariah, was born on 24th June. <LI> Frurus and Autorinus <LI> Augustus and Sacerdo <LI> Pompeianus and Pluto <LI> Augustus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Plautius_Silvanus">Silvanus</A> <LI> Antulus and Julius <LI> Augustus and Silvanus <A CLASS="ref" NAME="51B">[51B]</A> In the year of these consuls, in the reign of Augustus, our Lord <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/jesus.html#1">Jesus</A> Christ was born on 25th December. He was born in the desert (?) called Fuusdu according to <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/e/eusebius.html#1">Eusebius</A>. On the day when he was born, 28th <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/choiak.html#1">Choiac</A>, the shepherds saw a star in the sky. From Adam until the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ, there are 5,500 years. <LI> Vinicius and Virrus <LI> Caesarius and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/servilius.html#9">Servilius</A> <LI> Macrinus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/saturninus.html#4">Saturninus</A> <LI> Sacerdo and Volesus <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/l/lepidus.html#23">Lepidus</A> and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/arruntius.html#3">Arruntius</A> At that time in the reign of Augustus, on 1st January the <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/m/magi.html#1">Magi</A> brought him gifts and worshipped him. The names of the Magi were Bithisarea, Melichior and Gathaspa. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="52A">[52A]</A> When <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/h/herodes.html#1">Herodes</A> heard that a king had been born, he was disturbed, and all Jerusalem with him. When Herodes realised that he had been tricked by the Magi, he sent out his murderers with orders to kill all the boys who were two years old and under. Herodes searched for <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/j/john.html#4">John</A>, and sent his servants to <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/z/zechariah.html#1">Zechariah</A> at the altar, to say, "Where have you hidden your son? Do you not know that I have the power to kill you, and your life-blood is in my hands?" Zechariah replied, "I am the witness of the living <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/g/god.html#1">God</A>. You can shed my blood, but God will receive my spirit." And Zechariah was killed in the morning. <LI> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="52B">[52B]</A> Criticus and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/n/nerva.html#7">Nerva</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/c/camerinus.html#9">Camerinus</A> and Birillus <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/d/dolabella.html#10">Dolabella</A> and Sofianus <LI> Quinctilianus and Barbilius When <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/e/elizabeth.html#1">Elizabeth</A> heard that they were searching for John, she took him and went up into the mountains. She looked for somewhere to hide him, but there was nowhere to hide. Then Elizabeth sighed and cried out, "Mountain of God, take me in, the mother with my son." Immediately the mountain was split open and received them. <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/g/germanicus.html#1">Germanicus</A> and Carpus <LI> Austorius and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/s/silanus.html#10">Silvanus</A> <LI> <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/p/plancus.html#6">Plancus</A> and Avitus <LI> Pompeianus and Flaccus In the year of these consuls, <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/a/augustus.html#1">Augustus</A> died and <A CLASS="help" HREF="../names/t/tiberius.html#1">Tiberius</A> became emperor, for 22 years. Tiberius held 7 consulships. <LI> Tiberius Augustus and German[ic]us <LI> Flaubius and Rufinus <LI> Drusus and Soranus In these days, they mourned Zechariah and they wept for three days and three nights. And the Lord God raised up Simeon in place of Zechariah. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="53A">[53A]</A> Simeon was told by an angel that he would not die until he had seen the Lord's Christ in the flesh. When he had seen him, he said, "Lord, now dismiss your servant in peace, because my eyes have seen your salvation, which you have prepared in the sight of all people, a light for revelation to the gentiles and for the glory of your people Israel." <LI> Taurus and Libo <LI> Silvanus and Gerontius <LI> Mesaulicus and Balbinus <LI> Tiberius Augustus (II) and Cotta <LI> Agrippa and Drusus Then Joseph, after receiving a warning, took Jesus and Mary, and fled to Egypt. He stayed there for twelve months, about which I will now remain silent. <LI> Nero and Lentulus <LI> Celethus and Piso <LI> Getulus and Barrus When Asiaticus and Silvanus were consuls, Jesus came and performed miracles, including turning water into wine, on 27th October. Crassus Tiberius and Serinianus (II) [were consuls] When Meura was consul, Jesus was baptised by John, on 25th December. <LI> <A CLASS="ref" NAME="53B">[53B]</A> Tiberius (IV) and Antoninus When Rubellio was consul, Jesus was transfigured on the mountain, on 19th March. When Rubellio was consul, Jesus explained mysteries to his disciples, on 24th March. <LI> Tiberius (V) and Priscus <LI> Bicinus and Arruntius At that time, when Herodes celebrated his birthday, the daughter of Herodias danced before him, and asked for the head of John; and the head of John was brought to her on a plate, on 27th May, which is 2nd Payni [in the Egyptian calendar]. When Rubellio was consul, our Lord Jesus Christ was betrayed by Judas, on 25th March. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="54A">[54A]</A> A (?) servant girl saw Peter and recognised him. "Surely you are one of them," she said. "Your accent gives you away." But he denied it, saying "I am not." And immediately the cock crowed. The name of the girl was Ballia, which means "inquisitor". <LI> Tiberius (VI) and Silius In that year, when Rubellio was consul, our Lord Jesus Christ was crucified, on 25th March, which is 28th Phamenoth [in the Egyptian calendar]. The soldier who guarded the cross was called Jeremiah, which is Adlas. The centurion was called Apronianus. <A CLASS="ref" NAME="54B">[54B]</A> The names of the two beautiful angels were Azahel, which means righteous to the Lord, and Caldu, which means brave. But Judas went away and hung himself on the tree called tamarisk. However our Lord Jesus Christ rose again, on 27th March, when Rubellio was consul. Our Lord ascended [to heaven] on 5th May. The Holy Spirit came on 15th May. After the ascension of the Lord and the martyrdom of Stephen, the apostle Paul was accepted into the apostleship on 8th January, when Rubellio was consul. This was eight months after the ascension of our Saviour, and eleven days after the martyrdom of Stephen, on the day before Epiphany. <LI> S[ul]picius and Sulanus <LI> Persicus and Vitellius <LI> Tiberius Augustus and Drusus <A CLASS="ref" NAME="55A">[55A]</A> In this year Tiberius died, and after him Gaius (?) Caligula became consul, for 4 years. Gaius held 4 consulships. </OL> <HR> <A HREF="../index.html">Attalus' home page</A>   |   25.02.18    |   <A HREF="../info/comments.html">Any comments?</A> </BODY> </HTML>