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flex-col"><div class="overflow-y-scroll no-bg-scrollbar lg:w-[342px] grow bg-wash dark:bg-wash-dark" style="overscroll-behavior:contain"><aside class="lg:grow flex-col w-full pb-8 lg:pb-0 lg:max-w-custom-xs z-10 hidden lg:block"><nav role="navigation" style="--bg-opacity:.2" class="w-full pt-6 scrolling-touch lg:h-auto grow pe-0 lg:pe-5 lg:pb-16 md:pt-4 lg:pt-4 scrolling-gpu"><!--$--><ul><h3 class="mb-1 text-sm font-bold ms-5 text-tertiary dark:text-tertiary-dark">GET STARTED</h3><li><a title="Quick Start" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between ps-5 text-base font-bold text-primary dark:text-primary-dark" href="/learn"><div>Quick Start<!-- --> </div><span class="pe-1 text-tertiary dark:text-tertiary-dark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="duration-100 ease-in transition -rotate-90 rtl:rotate-90" style="min-width:20px;min-height:20px"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-446 -398)"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M95.8838835,240.366117 C95.3957281,239.877961 94.6042719,239.877961 94.1161165,240.366117 C93.6279612,240.854272 93.6279612,241.645728 94.1161165,242.133883 L98.6161165,246.633883 C99.1042719,247.122039 99.8957281,247.122039 100.383883,246.633883 L104.883883,242.133883 C105.372039,241.645728 105.372039,240.854272 104.883883,240.366117 C104.395728,239.877961 103.604272,239.877961 103.116117,240.366117 L99.5,243.982233 L95.8838835,240.366117 Z" transform="translate(356.5 164.5)"></path><polygon points="446 418 466 418 466 398 446 398"></polygon></g></svg></span></a><div class="opacity-50" style="transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out"><div id="react-collapsed-panel-:R8im6:" aria-hidden="true" role="region" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:none;height:0px;overflow:hidden"><ul><li><a title="Tutorial: Tic-Tac-Toe" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/tutorial-tic-tac-toe"><div>Tutorial: Tic-Tac-Toe<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Thinking in React" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/thinking-in-react"><div>Thinking in React<!-- --> </div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li><a title="Installation" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between ps-5 text-base font-bold text-primary dark:text-primary-dark" href="/learn/installation"><div>Installation<!-- --> </div><span class="pe-1 text-link dark:text-link-dark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="duration-100 ease-in transition rotate-0" style="min-width:20px;min-height:20px"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-446 -398)"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M95.8838835,240.366117 C95.3957281,239.877961 94.6042719,239.877961 94.1161165,240.366117 C93.6279612,240.854272 93.6279612,241.645728 94.1161165,242.133883 L98.6161165,246.633883 C99.1042719,247.122039 99.8957281,247.122039 100.383883,246.633883 L104.883883,242.133883 C105.372039,241.645728 105.372039,240.854272 104.883883,240.366117 C104.395728,239.877961 103.604272,239.877961 103.116117,240.366117 L99.5,243.982233 L95.8838835,240.366117 Z" transform="translate(356.5 164.5)"></path><polygon points="446 418 466 418 466 398 446 398"></polygon></g></svg></span></a><div class="opacity-100" style="transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out"><div id="react-collapsed-panel-:R8qm6:" aria-hidden="false" role="region" style="box-sizing:border-box"><ul><li><a title="Creating a React App" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/creating-a-react-app"><div>Creating a React App<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Build a React App from Scratch" target="" aria-current="page" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-link dark:text-link-dark bg-highlight dark:bg-highlight-dark border-blue-40 hover:bg-highlight hover:text-link dark:hover:bg-highlight-dark dark:hover:text-link-dark" href="/learn/build-a-react-app-from-scratch"><div>Build a React App from Scratch<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Add React to an Existing Project" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/add-react-to-an-existing-project"><div>Add React to an Existing Project<!-- --> </div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li><a title="Setup" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between ps-5 text-base font-bold text-primary dark:text-primary-dark" href="/learn/setup"><div>Setup<!-- --> </div><span class="pe-1 text-tertiary dark:text-tertiary-dark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="duration-100 ease-in transition -rotate-90 rtl:rotate-90" style="min-width:20px;min-height:20px"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-446 -398)"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M95.8838835,240.366117 C95.3957281,239.877961 94.6042719,239.877961 94.1161165,240.366117 C93.6279612,240.854272 93.6279612,241.645728 94.1161165,242.133883 L98.6161165,246.633883 C99.1042719,247.122039 99.8957281,247.122039 100.383883,246.633883 L104.883883,242.133883 C105.372039,241.645728 105.372039,240.854272 104.883883,240.366117 C104.395728,239.877961 103.604272,239.877961 103.116117,240.366117 L99.5,243.982233 L95.8838835,240.366117 Z" transform="translate(356.5 164.5)"></path><polygon points="446 418 466 418 466 398 446 398"></polygon></g></svg></span></a><div class="opacity-50" style="transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out"><div id="react-collapsed-panel-:R92m6:" aria-hidden="true" role="region" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:none;height:0px;overflow:hidden"><ul><li><a title="Editor Setup" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/editor-setup"><div>Editor Setup<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Using TypeScript" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/typescript"><div>Using TypeScript<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="React Developer Tools" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/react-developer-tools"><div>React Developer Tools<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="React Compiler" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/react-compiler"><div>React Compiler<!-- --> </div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li role="separator" class="mt-4 mb-2 ms-5 border-b border-border dark:border-border-dark"></li><h3 class="mb-1 text-sm font-bold ms-5 text-tertiary dark:text-tertiary-dark mt-2">LEARN REACT</h3><li><a title="Describing the UI" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between ps-5 text-base font-bold text-primary dark:text-primary-dark" href="/learn/describing-the-ui"><div>Describing the UI<!-- --> </div><span class="pe-1 text-tertiary dark:text-tertiary-dark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="duration-100 ease-in transition -rotate-90 rtl:rotate-90" style="min-width:20px;min-height:20px"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-446 -398)"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M95.8838835,240.366117 C95.3957281,239.877961 94.6042719,239.877961 94.1161165,240.366117 C93.6279612,240.854272 93.6279612,241.645728 94.1161165,242.133883 L98.6161165,246.633883 C99.1042719,247.122039 99.8957281,247.122039 100.383883,246.633883 L104.883883,242.133883 C105.372039,241.645728 105.372039,240.854272 104.883883,240.366117 C104.395728,239.877961 103.604272,239.877961 103.116117,240.366117 L99.5,243.982233 L95.8838835,240.366117 Z" transform="translate(356.5 164.5)"></path><polygon points="446 418 466 418 466 398 446 398"></polygon></g></svg></span></a><div class="opacity-50" style="transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out"><div id="react-collapsed-panel-:R9im6:" aria-hidden="true" role="region" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:none;height:0px;overflow:hidden"><ul><li><a title="Your First Component" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/your-first-component"><div>Your First Component<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Importing and Exporting Components" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/importing-and-exporting-components"><div>Importing and Exporting Components<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Writing Markup with JSX" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/writing-markup-with-jsx"><div>Writing Markup with JSX<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="JavaScript in JSX with Curly Braces" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/javascript-in-jsx-with-curly-braces"><div>JavaScript in JSX with Curly Braces<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Passing Props to a Component" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/passing-props-to-a-component"><div>Passing Props to a Component<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Conditional Rendering" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/conditional-rendering"><div>Conditional Rendering<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Rendering Lists" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/rendering-lists"><div>Rendering Lists<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Keeping Components Pure" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/keeping-components-pure"><div>Keeping Components Pure<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Your UI as a Tree" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/understanding-your-ui-as-a-tree"><div>Your UI as a Tree<!-- --> </div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li><a title="Adding Interactivity" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between ps-5 text-base font-bold text-primary dark:text-primary-dark" href="/learn/adding-interactivity"><div>Adding Interactivity<!-- --> </div><span class="pe-1 text-tertiary dark:text-tertiary-dark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="duration-100 ease-in transition -rotate-90 rtl:rotate-90" style="min-width:20px;min-height:20px"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-446 -398)"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M95.8838835,240.366117 C95.3957281,239.877961 94.6042719,239.877961 94.1161165,240.366117 C93.6279612,240.854272 93.6279612,241.645728 94.1161165,242.133883 L98.6161165,246.633883 C99.1042719,247.122039 99.8957281,247.122039 100.383883,246.633883 L104.883883,242.133883 C105.372039,241.645728 105.372039,240.854272 104.883883,240.366117 C104.395728,239.877961 103.604272,239.877961 103.116117,240.366117 L99.5,243.982233 L95.8838835,240.366117 Z" transform="translate(356.5 164.5)"></path><polygon points="446 418 466 418 466 398 446 398"></polygon></g></svg></span></a><div class="opacity-50" style="transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out"><div id="react-collapsed-panel-:R9qm6:" aria-hidden="true" role="region" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:none;height:0px;overflow:hidden"><ul><li><a title="Responding to Events" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/responding-to-events"><div>Responding to Events<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="State: A Component's Memory" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/state-a-components-memory"><div>State: A Component's Memory<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Render and Commit" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/render-and-commit"><div>Render and Commit<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="State as a Snapshot" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/state-as-a-snapshot"><div>State as a Snapshot<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Queueing a Series of State Updates" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/queueing-a-series-of-state-updates"><div>Queueing a Series of State Updates<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Updating Objects in State" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/updating-objects-in-state"><div>Updating Objects in State<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Updating Arrays in State" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/updating-arrays-in-state"><div>Updating Arrays in State<!-- --> </div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li><a title="Managing State" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between ps-5 text-base font-bold text-primary dark:text-primary-dark" href="/learn/managing-state"><div>Managing State<!-- --> </div><span class="pe-1 text-tertiary dark:text-tertiary-dark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="duration-100 ease-in transition -rotate-90 rtl:rotate-90" style="min-width:20px;min-height:20px"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-446 -398)"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M95.8838835,240.366117 C95.3957281,239.877961 94.6042719,239.877961 94.1161165,240.366117 C93.6279612,240.854272 93.6279612,241.645728 94.1161165,242.133883 L98.6161165,246.633883 C99.1042719,247.122039 99.8957281,247.122039 100.383883,246.633883 L104.883883,242.133883 C105.372039,241.645728 105.372039,240.854272 104.883883,240.366117 C104.395728,239.877961 103.604272,239.877961 103.116117,240.366117 L99.5,243.982233 L95.8838835,240.366117 Z" transform="translate(356.5 164.5)"></path><polygon points="446 418 466 418 466 398 446 398"></polygon></g></svg></span></a><div class="opacity-50" style="transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out"><div id="react-collapsed-panel-:Ra2m6:" aria-hidden="true" role="region" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:none;height:0px;overflow:hidden"><ul><li><a title="Reacting to Input with State" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/reacting-to-input-with-state"><div>Reacting to Input with State<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Choosing the State Structure" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/choosing-the-state-structure"><div>Choosing the State Structure<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Sharing State Between Components" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/sharing-state-between-components"><div>Sharing State Between Components<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Preserving and Resetting State" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/preserving-and-resetting-state"><div>Preserving and Resetting State<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Extracting State Logic into a Reducer" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/extracting-state-logic-into-a-reducer"><div>Extracting State Logic into a Reducer<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Passing Data Deeply with Context" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/passing-data-deeply-with-context"><div>Passing Data Deeply with Context<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Scaling Up with Reducer and Context" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/scaling-up-with-reducer-and-context"><div>Scaling Up with Reducer and Context<!-- --> </div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li><a title="Escape Hatches" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between ps-5 text-base font-bold text-primary dark:text-primary-dark" href="/learn/escape-hatches"><div>Escape Hatches<!-- --> </div><span class="pe-1 text-tertiary dark:text-tertiary-dark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="duration-100 ease-in transition -rotate-90 rtl:rotate-90" style="min-width:20px;min-height:20px"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-446 -398)"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M95.8838835,240.366117 C95.3957281,239.877961 94.6042719,239.877961 94.1161165,240.366117 C93.6279612,240.854272 93.6279612,241.645728 94.1161165,242.133883 L98.6161165,246.633883 C99.1042719,247.122039 99.8957281,247.122039 100.383883,246.633883 L104.883883,242.133883 C105.372039,241.645728 105.372039,240.854272 104.883883,240.366117 C104.395728,239.877961 103.604272,239.877961 103.116117,240.366117 L99.5,243.982233 L95.8838835,240.366117 Z" transform="translate(356.5 164.5)"></path><polygon points="446 418 466 418 466 398 446 398"></polygon></g></svg></span></a><div class="opacity-50" style="transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out"><div id="react-collapsed-panel-:Raam6:" aria-hidden="true" role="region" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:none;height:0px;overflow:hidden"><ul><li><a title="Referencing Values with Refs" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/referencing-values-with-refs"><div>Referencing Values with Refs<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Manipulating the DOM with Refs" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/manipulating-the-dom-with-refs"><div>Manipulating the DOM with Refs<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Synchronizing with Effects" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/synchronizing-with-effects"><div>Synchronizing with Effects<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="You Might Not Need an Effect" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/you-might-not-need-an-effect"><div>You Might Not Need an Effect<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Lifecycle of Reactive Effects" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/lifecycle-of-reactive-effects"><div>Lifecycle of Reactive Effects<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Separating Events from Effects" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/separating-events-from-effects"><div>Separating Events from Effects<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Removing Effect Dependencies" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/removing-effect-dependencies"><div>Removing Effect Dependencies<!-- --> </div></a></li><li><a title="Reusing Logic with Custom Hooks" target="" class="p-2 pe-2 w-full rounded-none lg:rounded-e-2xl text-start hover:bg-gray-5 dark:hover:bg-gray-80 relative flex items-center justify-between text-sm ps-6 ps-5 text-base text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark" href="/learn/reusing-logic-with-custom-hooks"><div>Reusing Logic with Custom Hooks<!-- --> </div></a></li></ul></div></div></li></ul><!--/$--><div class="h-20"></div></nav><div class="fixed bottom-0 hidden lg:block"><div class="max-w-custom-xs w-80 lg:w-auto py-3 shadow-lg rounded-lg m-4 bg-wash dark:bg-gray-95 px-4 flex"><p class="w-full 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href="/learn">Learn React</a><span class="inline-block me-1 text-link dark:text-link-dark text-lg rtl:rotate-180"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.86612 13.6161C6.37796 14.1043 6.37796 14.8957 6.86612 15.3839C7.35427 15.872 8.14572 15.872 8.63388 15.3839L13.1339 10.8839C13.622 10.3957 13.622 9.60428 13.1339 9.11612L8.63388 4.61612C8.14572 4.12797 7.35427 4.12797 6.86612 4.61612C6.37796 5.10428 6.37796 5.89573 6.86612 6.38388L10.4822 10L6.86612 13.6161Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="flex mb-3 mt-0.5 items-center"><a class="text-link dark:text-link-dark text-sm tracking-wide font-bold uppercase me-1 hover:underline" href="/learn/installation">Installation</a><span class="inline-block me-1 text-link dark:text-link-dark text-lg rtl:rotate-180"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.86612 13.6161C6.37796 14.1043 6.37796 14.8957 6.86612 15.3839C7.35427 15.872 8.14572 15.872 8.63388 15.3839L13.1339 10.8839C13.622 10.3957 13.622 9.60428 13.1339 9.11612L8.63388 4.61612C8.14572 4.12797 7.35427 4.12797 6.86612 4.61612C6.37796 5.10428 6.37796 5.89573 6.86612 6.38388L10.4822 10L6.86612 13.6161Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div></div><h1 class="mdx-heading mt-0 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark -mx-.5 break-words text-5xl font-display font-bold leading-tight">Build a React app from Scratch<a href="#undefined" aria-label="Link for this heading" title="Link for this heading" class="mdx-header-anchor hidden"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h1></div></div></div><div class="px-5 sm:px-12"><div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto"><div class="max-w-4xl ms-0 2xl:mx-auto"><div class="font-display text-xl text-primary dark:text-primary-dark leading-relaxed"><p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">If your app has constraints not well-served by existing frameworks, you prefer to build your own framework, or you just want to learn the basics of a React app, you can build a React app from scratch.</p></div> <details class="my-12 rounded-2xl shadow-inner-border dark:shadow-inner-border-dark relative dark:bg-opacity-20 dark:bg-purple-60 bg-purple-5"><summary class="list-none p-8" tabindex="-1"><h5 class="mb-4 uppercase font-bold flex items-center text-sm dark:text-purple-30 text-purple-50"><svg class="inline me-2 dark:text-purple-30 text-purple-40" width="1.5em" height="1.5em" viewBox="0 0 72 72" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M34.7409 59.7228L32.9567 58.9094C27.2672 56.3157 20.7328 56.3157 15.0433 58.9094C12.6018 60.0224 9.39163 59.0275 8.44602 56.0621C7.45647 52.9589 5.99975 46.5898 6 35.9997C6.00029 23.5648 8.00803 18.3599 9.11099 16.4196C9.67795 15.4222 10.5255 14.8455 11.2254 14.5264L12.0179 14.1651C19.6351 10.6926 28.4011 10.6738 36 14.1733C43.5989 10.6738 52.3649 10.6926 59.9821 14.1651L60.7746 14.5264C61.4745 14.8455 62.3221 15.4222 62.889 16.4196C63.992 18.3599 65.9997 23.5648 66 35.9997C66.0002 46.5898 64.5435 52.9589 63.554 56.0621C62.6084 59.0275 59.3982 60.0224 56.9567 58.9094C51.2672 56.3157 44.7328 56.3157 39.0433 58.9094L37.2591 59.7228C37.1986 59.7508 37.1373 59.7767 37.0753 59.8004C36.4484 60.0411 35.7556 60.0653 35.1102 59.8648C34.9847 59.8258 34.8613 59.7784 34.7409 59.7228ZM14.5068 19.6246C20.3733 16.9501 27.0874 16.8775 33 19.4067V52.473C26.7613 50.32 19.9378 50.471 13.7811 52.9261C13.0005 49.9843 11.9998 44.547 12 35.9998C12.0002 25.5786 13.4879 21.1893 14.1179 19.8018L14.5068 19.6246ZM39 52.473C45.2387 50.32 52.0622 50.471 58.2189 52.9261C58.9995 49.9843 60.0002 44.547 60 35.9998C59.9998 25.5786 58.5121 21.1893 57.8821 19.8018L57.4932 19.6246C51.6267 16.9501 44.9126 16.8775 39 19.4067V52.473Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Deep Dive</h5><div class="mb-4"><h4 id="consider-using-a-framework" class="mdx-heading text-xl font-bold text-primary dark:text-primary-dark text-xl font-display font-bold leading-9 my-4">Consider using a framework <a href="#consider-using-a-framework" aria-label="Link for Consider using a framework " title="Link for Consider using a framework " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h4></div><button class="bg-purple-50 border-purple-50 hover:bg-purple-40 focus:bg-purple-50 active:bg-purple-50 text-base leading-tight font-bold rounded-full py-2 px-4 focus:outline focus:outline-offset-2 focus:outline-link dark:focus:outline-link-dark inline-flex items-center my-1 bg-link border-link text-white hover:bg-link focus:bg-link active:bg-link"><span class="me-1"><svg class="rotate-0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-446 -398)"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M95.8838835,240.366117 C95.3957281,239.877961 94.6042719,239.877961 94.1161165,240.366117 C93.6279612,240.854272 93.6279612,241.645728 94.1161165,242.133883 L98.6161165,246.633883 C99.1042719,247.122039 99.8957281,247.122039 100.383883,246.633883 L104.883883,242.133883 C105.372039,241.645728 105.372039,240.854272 104.883883,240.366117 C104.395728,239.877961 103.604272,239.877961 103.116117,240.366117 L99.5,243.982233 L95.8838835,240.366117 Z" transform="translate(356.5 164.5)"></path><polygon points="446 418 466 418 466 398 446 398"></polygon></g></svg></span>Show Details</button></summary><div class="p-8 border-t dark:border-purple-60 border-purple-10 "><p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Starting from scratch is an easy way to get started using React, but a major tradeoff to be aware of is that going this route is often the same as building your own adhoc framework. As your requirements evolve, you may need to solve more framework-like problems that our recommended frameworks already have well developed and supported solutions for.</p><p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">For example, if in the future your app needs support for server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG), and/or React Server Components (RSC), you will have to implement those on your own. Similarly, future React features that require integrating at the framework level will have to be implemented on your own if you want to use them.</p><p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Our recommended frameworks also help you build better performing apps. For example, reducing or eliminating waterfalls from network requests makes for a better user experience. This might not be a high priority when you are building a toy project, but if your app gains users you may want to improve its performance.</p><p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Going this route also makes it more difficult to get support, since the way you develop routing, data-fetching, and other features will be unique to your situation. You should only choose this option if you are comfortable tackling these problems on your own, or if you’re confident that you will never need these features.</p><p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">For a list of recommended frameworks, check out <a class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal" href="/learn/creating-a-react-app">Creating a React App</a>.</p></div></details> <h2 id="step-1-install-a-build-tool" class="mdx-heading text-3xl font-display leading-10 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">Step 1: Install a build tool <a href="#step-1-install-a-build-tool" aria-label="Link for Step 1: Install a build tool " title="Link for Step 1: Install a build tool " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h2> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">The first step is to install a build tool like <code dir="ltr" class="inline text-code text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark px-1 rounded-md no-underline bg-gray-30 bg-opacity-10 py-px">vite</code>, <code dir="ltr" class="inline text-code text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark px-1 rounded-md no-underline bg-gray-30 bg-opacity-10 py-px">parcel</code>, or <code dir="ltr" class="inline text-code text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark px-1 rounded-md no-underline bg-gray-30 bg-opacity-10 py-px">rsbuild</code>. These build tools provide features to package and run source code, provide a development server for local development and a build command to deploy your app to a production server.</p> <h3 id="vite" class="mdx-heading text-2xl font-display leading-9 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">Vite <a href="#vite" aria-label="Link for Vite " title="Link for Vite " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h3> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4"><a href="https://vite.dev/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Vite</a> is a build tool that aims to provide a faster and leaner development experience for modern web projects.</p> <div class="rounded-lg bg-secondary dark:bg-gray-50 h-full"><div class="bg-gray-90 dark:bg-gray-60 w-full rounded-t-lg"><div class="text-primary-dark dark:text-primary-dark flex text-sm px-4 py-0.5 relative justify-between"><div><svg class="inline-flex me-2 self-center" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M2.40299 2.61279H14.403C14.5798 2.61279 14.7494 2.68303 14.8744 2.80806C14.9994 2.93308 15.0697 3.10265 15.0697 3.27946V13.9461C15.0697 14.1229 14.9994 14.2925 14.8744 14.4175C14.7494 14.5426 14.5798 14.6128 14.403 14.6128H2.40299C2.22618 14.6128 2.05661 14.5426 1.93159 14.4175C1.80657 14.2925 1.73633 14.1229 1.73633 13.9461V3.27946C1.73633 3.10265 1.80657 2.93308 1.93159 2.80806C2.05661 2.68303 2.22618 2.61279 2.40299 2.61279ZM8.403 10.6128V11.9461H12.403V10.6128H8.403ZM6.01233 8.61279L4.12699 10.4981L5.06966 11.4415L7.89833 8.61279L5.06966 5.78413L4.12699 6.72746L6.01233 8.61279Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> Terminal</div><div><button class="w-full text-start text-primary-dark dark:text-primary-dark "><svg class="inline-flex me-2 self-center" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.40382 15.3671C5.03332 15.1901 4.70081 14.9381 4.42481 14.6286C4.34831 14.5431 4.23931 14.5001 4.12981 14.5206L3.66181 14.6081C3.33531 14.6691 3.02032 14.4361 2.96232 14.0876L1.30981 4.12512C1.28181 3.95662 1.31731 3.7861 1.40981 3.6456C1.50231 3.5051 1.64082 3.41162 1.79932 3.38162L3.22131 3.00012C3.37681 2.97062 3.48981 2.82761 3.48981 2.65961V1.9101C3.48981 1.8276 3.49381 1.74561 3.49931 1.66461C3.50931 1.53461 3.35181 1.57211 3.35181 1.57211L1.64381 2.0076C1.18481 2.0936 0.751316 2.32662 0.451316 2.70612C0.0808162 3.17362 -0.0686885 3.77259 0.0293115 4.36459L1.68231 14.3281C1.84531 15.3081 2.65031 16.0001 3.55631 16.0001C3.66531 16.0001 3.77631 15.9896 3.88731 15.9691L5.36632 15.6916C5.52332 15.6626 5.54982 15.4366 5.40382 15.3671ZM14.9331 4.55801H12.9116C12.1351 4.55801 11.5001 3.91502 11.5001 3.12952V1.06802C11.5001 0.480524 11.0196 0 10.4321 0H7.44161C6.36911 0 5.50011 0.879508 5.50011 1.96451V12.1665C5.50011 13.179 6.33412 14 7.36262 14H14.1371C15.1661 14 16.0001 13.179 16.0001 12.1665V5.625C16.0001 5.038 15.5201 4.55801 14.9331 4.55801Z" fill="currentColor"></path> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.5888 0.0914385C12.4493 0.00843847 12.5158 0.252449 12.5158 0.252449C12.5653 0.428449 12.5918 0.613451 12.5918 0.804451V2.90296C12.5918 3.17646 12.8158 3.40046 13.0903 3.40046H15.1718C15.3883 3.40046 15.5968 3.43495 15.7918 3.49845C15.7918 3.49845 15.9373 3.50844 15.9008 3.43494C15.8383 3.33744 15.7673 3.24494 15.6833 3.16044L12.8303 0.289467C12.7558 0.214467 12.6743 0.149438 12.5888 0.0914385Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> <!-- -->Copy</button></div></div></div><div class="px-8 pt-4 pb-6 text-primary-dark dark:text-primary-dark font-mono text-code whitespace-pre overflow-x-auto" translate="no" dir="ltr">npm create vite@latest my-app -- --template react</div></div> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Vite is opinionated and comes with sensible defaults out of the box. Vite has a rich ecosystem of plugins to support fast refresh, JSX, Babel/SWC, and other common features. See Vite’s <a href="https://vite.dev/plugins/#vitejs-plugin-react" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">React plugin</a> or <a href="https://vite.dev/plugins/#vitejs-plugin-react-swc" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">React SWC plugin</a> and <a href="https://vite.dev/guide/ssr.html#example-projects" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">React SSR example project</a> to get started.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Vite is already being used as a build tool in one of our <a class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal" href="/learn/creating-a-react-app">recommended frameworks</a>: <a href="https://reactrouter.com/start/framework/installation" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">React Router</a>.</p> <h3 id="parcel" class="mdx-heading text-2xl font-display leading-9 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">Parcel <a href="#parcel" aria-label="Link for Parcel " title="Link for Parcel " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h3> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4"><a href="https://parceljs.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Parcel</a> combines a great out-of-the-box development experience with a scalable architecture that can take your project from just getting started to massive production applications.</p> <div class="rounded-lg bg-secondary dark:bg-gray-50 h-full"><div class="bg-gray-90 dark:bg-gray-60 w-full rounded-t-lg"><div class="text-primary-dark dark:text-primary-dark flex text-sm px-4 py-0.5 relative justify-between"><div><svg class="inline-flex me-2 self-center" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M2.40299 2.61279H14.403C14.5798 2.61279 14.7494 2.68303 14.8744 2.80806C14.9994 2.93308 15.0697 3.10265 15.0697 3.27946V13.9461C15.0697 14.1229 14.9994 14.2925 14.8744 14.4175C14.7494 14.5426 14.5798 14.6128 14.403 14.6128H2.40299C2.22618 14.6128 2.05661 14.5426 1.93159 14.4175C1.80657 14.2925 1.73633 14.1229 1.73633 13.9461V3.27946C1.73633 3.10265 1.80657 2.93308 1.93159 2.80806C2.05661 2.68303 2.22618 2.61279 2.40299 2.61279ZM8.403 10.6128V11.9461H12.403V10.6128H8.403ZM6.01233 8.61279L4.12699 10.4981L5.06966 11.4415L7.89833 8.61279L5.06966 5.78413L4.12699 6.72746L6.01233 8.61279Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> Terminal</div><div><button class="w-full text-start text-primary-dark dark:text-primary-dark "><svg class="inline-flex me-2 self-center" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.40382 15.3671C5.03332 15.1901 4.70081 14.9381 4.42481 14.6286C4.34831 14.5431 4.23931 14.5001 4.12981 14.5206L3.66181 14.6081C3.33531 14.6691 3.02032 14.4361 2.96232 14.0876L1.30981 4.12512C1.28181 3.95662 1.31731 3.7861 1.40981 3.6456C1.50231 3.5051 1.64082 3.41162 1.79932 3.38162L3.22131 3.00012C3.37681 2.97062 3.48981 2.82761 3.48981 2.65961V1.9101C3.48981 1.8276 3.49381 1.74561 3.49931 1.66461C3.50931 1.53461 3.35181 1.57211 3.35181 1.57211L1.64381 2.0076C1.18481 2.0936 0.751316 2.32662 0.451316 2.70612C0.0808162 3.17362 -0.0686885 3.77259 0.0293115 4.36459L1.68231 14.3281C1.84531 15.3081 2.65031 16.0001 3.55631 16.0001C3.66531 16.0001 3.77631 15.9896 3.88731 15.9691L5.36632 15.6916C5.52332 15.6626 5.54982 15.4366 5.40382 15.3671ZM14.9331 4.55801H12.9116C12.1351 4.55801 11.5001 3.91502 11.5001 3.12952V1.06802C11.5001 0.480524 11.0196 0 10.4321 0H7.44161C6.36911 0 5.50011 0.879508 5.50011 1.96451V12.1665C5.50011 13.179 6.33412 14 7.36262 14H14.1371C15.1661 14 16.0001 13.179 16.0001 12.1665V5.625C16.0001 5.038 15.5201 4.55801 14.9331 4.55801Z" fill="currentColor"></path> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.5888 0.0914385C12.4493 0.00843847 12.5158 0.252449 12.5158 0.252449C12.5653 0.428449 12.5918 0.613451 12.5918 0.804451V2.90296C12.5918 3.17646 12.8158 3.40046 13.0903 3.40046H15.1718C15.3883 3.40046 15.5968 3.43495 15.7918 3.49845C15.7918 3.49845 15.9373 3.50844 15.9008 3.43494C15.8383 3.33744 15.7673 3.24494 15.6833 3.16044L12.8303 0.289467C12.7558 0.214467 12.6743 0.149438 12.5888 0.0914385Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> <!-- -->Copy</button></div></div></div><div class="px-8 pt-4 pb-6 text-primary-dark dark:text-primary-dark font-mono text-code whitespace-pre overflow-x-auto" translate="no" dir="ltr">npm install --save-dev parcel</div></div> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Parcel supports fast refresh, JSX, TypeScript, Flow, and styling out of the box. See <a href="https://parceljs.org/recipes/react/#getting-started" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Parcel’s React recipe</a> to get started.</p> <h3 id="rsbuild" class="mdx-heading text-2xl font-display leading-9 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">Rsbuild <a href="#rsbuild" aria-label="Link for Rsbuild " title="Link for Rsbuild " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h3> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4"><a href="https://rsbuild.dev/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Rsbuild</a> is an Rspack-powered build tool that provides a seamless development experience for React applications. It comes with carefully tuned defaults and performance optimizations ready to use.</p> <div class="rounded-lg bg-secondary dark:bg-gray-50 h-full"><div class="bg-gray-90 dark:bg-gray-60 w-full rounded-t-lg"><div class="text-primary-dark dark:text-primary-dark flex text-sm px-4 py-0.5 relative justify-between"><div><svg class="inline-flex me-2 self-center" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M2.40299 2.61279H14.403C14.5798 2.61279 14.7494 2.68303 14.8744 2.80806C14.9994 2.93308 15.0697 3.10265 15.0697 3.27946V13.9461C15.0697 14.1229 14.9994 14.2925 14.8744 14.4175C14.7494 14.5426 14.5798 14.6128 14.403 14.6128H2.40299C2.22618 14.6128 2.05661 14.5426 1.93159 14.4175C1.80657 14.2925 1.73633 14.1229 1.73633 13.9461V3.27946C1.73633 3.10265 1.80657 2.93308 1.93159 2.80806C2.05661 2.68303 2.22618 2.61279 2.40299 2.61279ZM8.403 10.6128V11.9461H12.403V10.6128H8.403ZM6.01233 8.61279L4.12699 10.4981L5.06966 11.4415L7.89833 8.61279L5.06966 5.78413L4.12699 6.72746L6.01233 8.61279Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> Terminal</div><div><button class="w-full text-start text-primary-dark dark:text-primary-dark "><svg class="inline-flex me-2 self-center" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.40382 15.3671C5.03332 15.1901 4.70081 14.9381 4.42481 14.6286C4.34831 14.5431 4.23931 14.5001 4.12981 14.5206L3.66181 14.6081C3.33531 14.6691 3.02032 14.4361 2.96232 14.0876L1.30981 4.12512C1.28181 3.95662 1.31731 3.7861 1.40981 3.6456C1.50231 3.5051 1.64082 3.41162 1.79932 3.38162L3.22131 3.00012C3.37681 2.97062 3.48981 2.82761 3.48981 2.65961V1.9101C3.48981 1.8276 3.49381 1.74561 3.49931 1.66461C3.50931 1.53461 3.35181 1.57211 3.35181 1.57211L1.64381 2.0076C1.18481 2.0936 0.751316 2.32662 0.451316 2.70612C0.0808162 3.17362 -0.0686885 3.77259 0.0293115 4.36459L1.68231 14.3281C1.84531 15.3081 2.65031 16.0001 3.55631 16.0001C3.66531 16.0001 3.77631 15.9896 3.88731 15.9691L5.36632 15.6916C5.52332 15.6626 5.54982 15.4366 5.40382 15.3671ZM14.9331 4.55801H12.9116C12.1351 4.55801 11.5001 3.91502 11.5001 3.12952V1.06802C11.5001 0.480524 11.0196 0 10.4321 0H7.44161C6.36911 0 5.50011 0.879508 5.50011 1.96451V12.1665C5.50011 13.179 6.33412 14 7.36262 14H14.1371C15.1661 14 16.0001 13.179 16.0001 12.1665V5.625C16.0001 5.038 15.5201 4.55801 14.9331 4.55801Z" fill="currentColor"></path> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.5888 0.0914385C12.4493 0.00843847 12.5158 0.252449 12.5158 0.252449C12.5653 0.428449 12.5918 0.613451 12.5918 0.804451V2.90296C12.5918 3.17646 12.8158 3.40046 13.0903 3.40046H15.1718C15.3883 3.40046 15.5968 3.43495 15.7918 3.49845C15.7918 3.49845 15.9373 3.50844 15.9008 3.43494C15.8383 3.33744 15.7673 3.24494 15.6833 3.16044L12.8303 0.289467C12.7558 0.214467 12.6743 0.149438 12.5888 0.0914385Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg> <!-- -->Copy</button></div></div></div><div class="px-8 pt-4 pb-6 text-primary-dark dark:text-primary-dark font-mono text-code whitespace-pre overflow-x-auto" translate="no" dir="ltr">npx create-rsbuild --template react</div></div> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Rsbuild includes built-in support for React features like fast refresh, JSX, TypeScript, and styling. See <a href="https://rsbuild.dev/guide/framework/react" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Rsbuild’s React guide</a> to get started.</p> <div class="expandable-callout pt-8 pb-4 px-5 sm:px-8 my-8 relative rounded-none shadow-inner-border -mx-5 sm:mx-auto sm:rounded-2xl bg-green-5 dark:bg-green-60 dark:bg-opacity-20 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark text-lg"><h3 class="text-2xl font-display font-bold text-green-60 dark:text-green-40"><svg class="inline me-2 mb-1 text-lg text-green-60 dark:text-green-40" width="2em" height="2em" viewBox="0 0 72 72" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g clip-path="url(#clip0_40_48064)"><path d="M24 27C24 25.3431 25.3431 24 27 24H45C46.6569 24 48 25.3431 48 27C48 28.6569 46.6569 30 45 30H27C25.3431 30 24 28.6569 24 27Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M24 39C24 37.3431 25.3431 36 27 36H39C40.6569 36 42 37.3431 42 39C42 40.6569 40.6569 42 39 42H27C25.3431 42 24 40.6569 24 39Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12 18C12 13.0294 16.0294 9 21 9H51C55.9706 9 60 13.0294 60 18V54C60 58.9706 55.9706 63 51 63H21C16.0294 63 12 58.9706 12 54V18ZM21 15H51C52.6569 15 54 16.3431 54 18V54C54 55.6569 52.6569 57 51 57H21C19.3431 57 18 55.6569 18 54V18C18 16.3431 19.3431 15 21 15Z" fill="currentColor"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="clip0_40_48064"><rect width="72" height="72" fill="white"></rect></clipPath></defs></svg>Note</h3><div class="relative"><div class="py-2"><h4 id="react-native" class="mdx-heading text-xl font-display font-bold leading-9 my-4">Metro for React Native <a href="#react-native" aria-label="Link for Metro for React Native " title="Link for Metro for React Native " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h4><p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">If you’d you’re starting from scratch with React Native you’ll need to use <a href="https://metrobundler.dev/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Metro</a>, the JavaScript bundler for React Native. Metro supports bundling for platforms like iOS and Android, but lacks many features when compared to the tools here. We recommend starting with Vite, Parcel, or Rsbuild unless your project requires React Native support.</p></div></div></div> <h2 id="step-2-build-common-application-patterns" class="mdx-heading text-3xl font-display leading-10 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">Step 2: Build Common Application Patterns <a href="#step-2-build-common-application-patterns" aria-label="Link for Step 2: Build Common Application Patterns " title="Link for Step 2: Build Common Application Patterns " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h2> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">The build tools listed above start off with a client-only, single-page app (SPA), but don’t include any further solutions for common functionality like routing, data fetching, or styling.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">The React ecosystem includes many tools for these problems. We’ve listed a few that are widely used as a starting point, but feel free to choose other tools if those work better for you.</p> <h3 id="routing" class="mdx-heading text-2xl font-display leading-9 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">Routing <a href="#routing" aria-label="Link for Routing " title="Link for Routing " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h3> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Routing determines what content or pages to display when a user visits a particular URL. You need to set up a router to map URLs to different parts of your app. You’ll also need to handle nested routes, route parameters, and query parameters. Routers can be configured within your code, or defined based on your component folder and file structures.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Routers are a core part of modern applications, and are usually integrated with data fetching (including prefetching data for a whole page for faster loading), code splitting (to minimize client bundle sizes), and page rendering approaches (to decide how each page gets generated).</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">We suggest using:</p> <ul class="ms-6 my-3 list-disc"> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://reactrouter.com/start/framework/custom" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">React Router</a></li> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://tanstack.com/router/latest" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Tanstack Router</a></li> </ul> <h3 id="data-fetching" class="mdx-heading text-2xl font-display leading-9 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">Data Fetching <a href="#data-fetching" aria-label="Link for Data Fetching " title="Link for Data Fetching " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h3> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Fetching data from a server or other data source is a key part of most applications. Doing this properly requires handling loading states, error states, and caching the fetched data, which can be complex.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Purpose-built data fetching libraries do the hard work of fetching and caching the data for you, letting you focus on what data your app needs and how to display it. These libraries are typically used directly in your components, but can also be integrated into routing loaders for faster pre-fetching and better performance, and in server rendering as well.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Note that fetching data directly in components can lead to slower loading times due to network request waterfalls, so we recommend prefetching data in router loaders or on the server as much as possible! This allows a page’s data to be fetched all at once as the page is being displayed.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">If you’re fetching data from most backends or REST-style APIs, we suggest using:</p> <ul class="ms-6 my-3 list-disc"> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://react-query.tanstack.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">React Query</a></li> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://swr.vercel.app/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">SWR</a></li> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://redux-toolkit.js.org/rtk-query/overview" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">RTK Query</a></li> </ul> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">If you’re fetching data from a GraphQL API, we suggest using:</p> <ul class="ms-6 my-3 list-disc"> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://www.apollographql.com/docs/react" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Apollo</a></li> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://relay.dev/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Relay</a></li> </ul> <h3 id="code-splitting" class="mdx-heading text-2xl font-display leading-9 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">Code-splitting <a href="#code-splitting" aria-label="Link for Code-splitting " title="Link for Code-splitting " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h3> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Code-splitting is the process of breaking your app into smaller bundles that can be loaded on demand. An app’s code size increases with every new feature and additional dependency. Apps can become slow to load because all of the code for the entire app needs to be sent before it can be used. Caching, reducing features/dependencies, and moving some code to run on the server can help mitigate slow loading but are incomplete solutions that can sacrifice functionality if overused.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Similarly, if you rely on the apps using your framework to split the code, you might encounter situations where loading becomes slower than if no code splitting were happening at all. For example, <a class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal" href="/reference/react/lazy">lazily loading</a> a chart delays sending the code needed to render the chart, splitting the chart code from the rest of the app. <a href="https://parceljs.org/recipes/react/#code-splitting" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Parcel supports code splitting with React.lazy</a>. However, if the chart loads its data <em>after</em> it has been initially rendered you are now waiting twice. This is a waterfall: rather than fetching the data for the chart and sending the code to render it simultaneously, you must wait for each step to complete one after the other.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Splitting code by route, when integrated with bundling and data fetching, can reduce the initial load time of your app and the time it takes for the largest visible content of the app to render (<a href="https://web.dev/articles/lcp" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Largest Contentful Paint</a>).</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">For code-splitting instructions, see your build tool docs:</p> <ul class="ms-6 my-3 list-disc"> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://v3.vitejs.dev/guide/features.html#build-optimizations" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Vite build optimizations</a></li> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://parceljs.org/features/code-splitting/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Parcel code splitting</a></li> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"><a href="https://rsbuild.dev/guide/optimization/code-splitting" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Rsbuild code splitting</a></li> </ul> <h3 id="improving-application-performance" class="mdx-heading text-2xl font-display leading-9 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">Improving Application Performance <a href="#improving-application-performance" aria-label="Link for Improving Application Performance " title="Link for Improving Application Performance " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h3> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Since the build tool you select only support single page apps (SPAs) you’ll need to implement other <a href="https://www.patterns.dev/vanilla/rendering-patterns" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">rendering patterns</a> like server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG), and/or React Server Components (RSC). Even if you don’t need these features at first, in the future there may be some routes that would benefit SSR, SSG or RSC.</p> <ul class="ms-6 my-3 list-disc"> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4"><strong class="font-bold">Single-page apps (SPA)</strong> load a single HTML page and dynamically updates the page as the user interacts with the app. SPAs are easier to get started with, but they can have slower initial load times. SPAs are the default architecture for most build tools.</p> </li> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4"><strong class="font-bold">Streaming Server-side rendering (SSR)</strong> renders a page on the server and sends the fully rendered page to the client. SSR can improve performance, but it can be more complex to set up and maintain than a single-page app. With the addition of streaming, SSR can be very complex to set up and maintain. See <a href="https://vite.dev/guide/ssr" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Vite’s SSR guide</a>.</p> </li> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4"><strong class="font-bold">Static site generation (SSG)</strong> generates static HTML files for your app at build time. SSG can improve performance, but it can be more complex to set up and maintain than server-side rendering. See <a href="https://vite.dev/guide/ssr.html#pre-rendering-ssg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Vite’s SSG guide</a>.</p> </li> <li class="leading-relaxed mb-1"> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4"><strong class="font-bold">React Server Components (RSC)</strong> lets you mix build-time, server-only, and interactive components in a single React tree. RSC can improve performance, but it currently requires deep expertise to set up and maintain. See <a href="https://github.com/parcel-bundler/rsc-examples" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Parcel’s RSC examples</a>.</p> </li> </ul> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Your rendering strategies need to integrate with your router so apps built with your framework can choose the rendering strategy on a per-route level. This will enable different rendering strategies without having to rewrite your whole app. For example, the landing page for your app might benefit from being statically generated (SSG), while a page with a content feed might perform best with server-side rendering.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">Using the right rendering strategy for the right routes can decrease the time it takes for the first byte of content to be loaded (<a href="https://web.dev/articles/ttfb" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Time to First Byte</a>), the first piece of content to render (<a href="https://web.dev/articles/fcp" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">First Contentful Paint</a>), and the largest visible content of the app to render (<a href="https://web.dev/articles/lcp" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal">Largest Contentful Paint</a>).</p> <h3 id="and-more" class="mdx-heading text-2xl font-display leading-9 text-primary dark:text-primary-dark font-bold my-6">And more… <a href="#and-more" aria-label="Link for And more… " title="Link for And more… " class="mdx-header-anchor inline-block"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="text-gray-70 ms-2 h-5 w-5"><g fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.778 7.975a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .347-3.837L6.017 2.03a2.498 2.498 0 0 0-3.542-.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .006 3.543l1.153 1.15c.07-.29.154-.563.25-.773.036-.077.084-.16.14-.25L3.18 4.85a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .002-2.12 1.496 1.496 0 0 1 2.12 0l2.124 2.123a1.496 1.496 0 0 1-.333 2.37c.16.246.42.504.685.752z"></path><path d="M5.657 4.557a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.347 3.837l2.108 2.108a2.498 2.498 0 0 0 3.542.007 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-.006-3.543L9.802 5.815c-.07.29-.154.565-.25.774-.036.076-.084.16-.14.25l.842.84c.585.587.59 1.532 0 2.122-.587.585-1.532.59-2.12 0L6.008 7.68a1.496 1.496 0 0 1 .332-2.372c-.16-.245-.42-.503-.685-.75z"></path></g></svg></a></h3> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">These are just a few examples of the features a new app will need to consider when building from scratch. Many limitations you’ll hit can be difficult to solve as each problem is interconnected with the others and can require deep expertise in problem areas you may not be familiar with.</p> <p class="whitespace-pre-wrap my-4">If you don’t want to solve these problems on your own, you can <a class="inline text-link dark:text-link-dark border-b border-link border-opacity-0 hover:border-opacity-100 duration-100 ease-in transition leading-normal" href="/learn/creating-a-react-app">get started with a framework</a> that provides these features out of the box.</p></div></div><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 py-4 mx-auto max-w-7xl md:grid-cols-2 md:py-12"><a class="flex gap-x-4 md:gap-x-6 items-center w-full md:min-w-80 md:w-fit md:max-w-md px-4 md:px-5 py-6 border-2 border-transparent text-base leading-base text-link dark:text-link-dark rounded-lg group focus:text-link dark:focus:text-link-dark focus:bg-highlight focus:border-link dark:focus:bg-highlight-dark dark:focus:border-link-dark 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2xl:block"><nav role="navigation" class="pt-20 sticky top-0 end-0"><h2 class="mb-3 lg:mb-3 uppercase tracking-wide font-bold text-sm text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark px-4 w-full">On this page</h2><div class="h-full overflow-y-auto ps-4 max-h-[calc(100vh-7.5rem)]" style="overscroll-behavior:contain"><ul class="space-y-2 pb-16"><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl bg-highlight dark:bg-highlight-dark"><a class="text-link dark:text-link-dark font-bold block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#">Overview</a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#step-1-install-a-build-tool">Step 1: Install a build tool </a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl ps-4"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#vite">Vite </a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl ps-4"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#parcel">Parcel </a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl ps-4"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#rsbuild">Rsbuild </a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#step-2-build-common-application-patterns">Step 2: Build Common Application Patterns </a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl ps-4"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#routing">Routing </a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl ps-4"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#data-fetching">Data Fetching </a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl ps-4"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#code-splitting">Code-splitting </a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl ps-4"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#improving-application-performance">Improving Application Performance </a></li><li class="text-sm px-2 rounded-s-xl ps-4"><a class="text-secondary dark:text-secondary-dark block hover:text-link dark:hover:text-link-dark leading-normal py-2" href="#and-more">And more… </a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"toc":"[{\"url\":\"#\",\"text\":\"Overview\",\"depth\":2},{\"url\":\"#step-1-install-a-build-tool\",\"depth\":2,\"text\":\"Step 1: Install a build tool \"},{\"url\":\"#vite\",\"depth\":3,\"text\":\"Vite \"},{\"url\":\"#parcel\",\"depth\":3,\"text\":\"Parcel \"},{\"url\":\"#rsbuild\",\"depth\":3,\"text\":\"Rsbuild \"},{\"url\":\"#step-2-build-common-application-patterns\",\"depth\":2,\"text\":\"Step 2: Build Common Application Patterns \"},{\"url\":\"#routing\",\"depth\":3,\"text\":\"Routing \"},{\"url\":\"#data-fetching\",\"depth\":3,\"text\":\"Data Fetching \"},{\"url\":\"#code-splitting\",\"depth\":3,\"text\":\"Code-splitting \"},{\"url\":\"#improving-application-performance\",\"depth\":3,\"text\":\"Improving Application Performance \"},{\"url\":\"#and-more\",\"depth\":3,\"text\":\"And more… \"}]","content":"[[\"$r\",\"MaxWidth\",\"last\",{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"Intro\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"If your app has constraints not well-served by existing frameworks, you prefer to build your own framework, or you just want to learn the basics of a React app, you can build a React app from scratch.\"}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"DeepDive\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"h4\",null,{\"id\":\"consider-using-a-framework\",\"children\":\"Consider using a framework \"}],[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Starting from scratch is an easy way to get started using React, but a major tradeoff to be aware of is that going this route is often the same as building your own adhoc framework. As your requirements evolve, you may need to solve more framework-like problems that our recommended frameworks already have well developed and supported solutions for.\"}],[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"For example, if in the future your app needs support for server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG), and/or React Server Components (RSC), you will have to implement those on your own. Similarly, future React features that require integrating at the framework level will have to be implemented on your own if you want to use them.\"}],[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Our recommended frameworks also help you build better performing apps. For example, reducing or eliminating waterfalls from network requests makes for a better user experience. This might not be a high priority when you are building a toy project, but if your app gains users you may want to improve its performance.\"}],[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Going this route also makes it more difficult to get support, since the way you develop routing, data-fetching, and other features will be unique to your situation. You should only choose this option if you are comfortable tackling these problems on your own, or if you’re confident that you will never need these features.\"}],[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"For a list of recommended frameworks, check out \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/learn/creating-a-react-app\",\"children\":\"Creating a React App\"}],\".\"]}]]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h2\",null,{\"id\":\"step-1-install-a-build-tool\",\"children\":\"Step 1: Install a build tool \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"The first step is to install a build tool like \",[\"$r\",\"code\",null,{\"children\":\"vite\"}],\", \",[\"$r\",\"code\",null,{\"children\":\"parcel\"}],\", or \",[\"$r\",\"code\",null,{\"children\":\"rsbuild\"}],\". These build tools provide features to package and run source code, provide a development server for local development and a build command to deploy your app to a production server.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h3\",null,{\"id\":\"vite\",\"children\":\"Vite \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://vite.dev/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Vite\"}],\" is a build tool that aims to provide a faster and leaner development experience for modern web projects.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"TerminalBlock\",null,{\"children\":\"npm create vite@latest my-app -- --template react\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"Vite is opinionated and comes with sensible defaults out of the box. Vite has a rich ecosystem of plugins to support fast refresh, JSX, Babel/SWC, and other common features. See Vite’s \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://vite.dev/plugins/#vitejs-plugin-react\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"React plugin\"}],\" or \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://vite.dev/plugins/#vitejs-plugin-react-swc\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"React SWC plugin\"}],\" and \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://vite.dev/guide/ssr.html#example-projects\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"React SSR example project\"}],\" to get started.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"Vite is already being used as a build tool in one of our \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/learn/creating-a-react-app\",\"children\":\"recommended frameworks\"}],\": \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://reactrouter.com/start/framework/installation\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"React Router\"}],\".\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h3\",null,{\"id\":\"parcel\",\"children\":\"Parcel \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://parceljs.org/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Parcel\"}],\" combines a great out-of-the-box development experience with a scalable architecture that can take your project from just getting started to massive production applications.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"TerminalBlock\",null,{\"children\":\"npm install --save-dev parcel\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"Parcel supports fast refresh, JSX, TypeScript, Flow, and styling out of the box. See \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://parceljs.org/recipes/react/#getting-started\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Parcel’s React recipe\"}],\" to get started.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h3\",null,{\"id\":\"rsbuild\",\"children\":\"Rsbuild \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://rsbuild.dev/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Rsbuild\"}],\" is an Rspack-powered build tool that provides a seamless development experience for React applications. It comes with carefully tuned defaults and performance optimizations ready to use.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"TerminalBlock\",null,{\"children\":\"npx create-rsbuild --template react\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"Rsbuild includes built-in support for React features like fast refresh, JSX, TypeScript, and styling. See \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://rsbuild.dev/guide/framework/react\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Rsbuild’s React guide\"}],\" to get started.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"Note\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"h4\",null,{\"id\":\"react-native\",\"children\":\"Metro for React Native \"}],[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"If you’d you’re starting from scratch with React Native you’ll need to use \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://metrobundler.dev/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Metro\"}],\", the JavaScript bundler for React Native. Metro supports bundling for platforms like iOS and Android, but lacks many features when compared to the tools here. We recommend starting with Vite, Parcel, or Rsbuild unless your project requires React Native support.\"]}]]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h2\",null,{\"id\":\"step-2-build-common-application-patterns\",\"children\":\"Step 2: Build Common Application Patterns \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"The build tools listed above start off with a client-only, single-page app (SPA), but don’t include any further solutions for common functionality like routing, data fetching, or styling.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"The React ecosystem includes many tools for these problems. We’ve listed a few that are widely used as a starting point, but feel free to choose other tools if those work better for you.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h3\",null,{\"id\":\"routing\",\"children\":\"Routing \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Routing determines what content or pages to display when a user visits a particular URL. You need to set up a router to map URLs to different parts of your app. You’ll also need to handle nested routes, route parameters, and query parameters. Routers can be configured within your code, or defined based on your component folder and file structures.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Routers are a core part of modern applications, and are usually integrated with data fetching (including prefetching data for a whole page for faster loading), code splitting (to minimize client bundle sizes), and page rendering approaches (to decide how each page gets generated).\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"We suggest using:\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"ul\",null,{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://reactrouter.com/start/framework/custom\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"React Router\"}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://tanstack.com/router/latest\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Tanstack Router\"}]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h3\",null,{\"id\":\"data-fetching\",\"children\":\"Data Fetching \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Fetching data from a server or other data source is a key part of most applications. Doing this properly requires handling loading states, error states, and caching the fetched data, which can be complex.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Purpose-built data fetching libraries do the hard work of fetching and caching the data for you, letting you focus on what data your app needs and how to display it. These libraries are typically used directly in your components, but can also be integrated into routing loaders for faster pre-fetching and better performance, and in server rendering as well.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Note that fetching data directly in components can lead to slower loading times due to network request waterfalls, so we recommend prefetching data in router loaders or on the server as much as possible! This allows a page’s data to be fetched all at once as the page is being displayed.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"If you’re fetching data from most backends or REST-style APIs, we suggest using:\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"ul\",null,{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://react-query.tanstack.com/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"React Query\"}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://swr.vercel.app/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"SWR\"}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://redux-toolkit.js.org/rtk-query/overview\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"RTK Query\"}]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"If you’re fetching data from a GraphQL API, we suggest using:\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"ul\",null,{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://www.apollographql.com/docs/react\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Apollo\"}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://relay.dev/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Relay\"}]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h3\",null,{\"id\":\"code-splitting\",\"children\":\"Code-splitting \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Code-splitting is the process of breaking your app into smaller bundles that can be loaded on demand. An app’s code size increases with every new feature and additional dependency. Apps can become slow to load because all of the code for the entire app needs to be sent before it can be used. Caching, reducing features/dependencies, and moving some code to run on the server can help mitigate slow loading but are incomplete solutions that can sacrifice functionality if overused.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"Similarly, if you rely on the apps using your framework to split the code, you might encounter situations where loading becomes slower than if no code splitting were happening at all. For example, \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/reference/react/lazy\",\"children\":\"lazily loading\"}],\" a chart delays sending the code needed to render the chart, splitting the chart code from the rest of the app. \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://parceljs.org/recipes/react/#code-splitting\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Parcel supports code splitting with React.lazy\"}],\". However, if the chart loads its data \",[\"$r\",\"em\",null,{\"children\":\"after\"}],\" it has been initially rendered you are now waiting twice. This is a waterfall: rather than fetching the data for the chart and sending the code to render it simultaneously, you must wait for each step to complete one after the other.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"Splitting code by route, when integrated with bundling and data fetching, can reduce the initial load time of your app and the time it takes for the largest visible content of the app to render (\",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://web.dev/articles/lcp\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Largest Contentful Paint\"}],\").\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"For code-splitting instructions, see your build tool docs:\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"ul\",null,{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://v3.vitejs.dev/guide/features.html#build-optimizations\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Vite build optimizations\"}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://parceljs.org/features/code-splitting/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Parcel code splitting\"}]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://rsbuild.dev/guide/optimization/code-splitting\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Rsbuild code splitting\"}]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h3\",null,{\"id\":\"improving-application-performance\",\"children\":\"Improving Application Performance \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"Since the build tool you select only support single page apps (SPAs) you’ll need to implement other \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://www.patterns.dev/vanilla/rendering-patterns\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"rendering patterns\"}],\" like server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG), and/or React Server Components (RSC). Even if you don’t need these features at first, in the future there may be some routes that would benefit SSR, SSG or RSC.\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"ul\",null,{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":\"Single-page apps (SPA)\"}],\" load a single HTML page and dynamically updates the page as the user interacts with the app. SPAs are easier to get started with, but they can have slower initial load times. SPAs are the default architecture for most build tools.\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":\"Streaming Server-side rendering (SSR)\"}],\" renders a page on the server and sends the fully rendered page to the client. SSR can improve performance, but it can be more complex to set up and maintain than a single-page app. With the addition of streaming, SSR can be very complex to set up and maintain. See \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://vite.dev/guide/ssr\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Vite’s SSR guide\"}],\".\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":\"Static site generation (SSG)\"}],\" generates static HTML files for your app at build time. SSG can improve performance, but it can be more complex to set up and maintain than server-side rendering. See \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://vite.dev/guide/ssr.html#pre-rendering-ssg\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Vite’s SSG guide\"}],\".\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$r\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":\"React Server Components (RSC)\"}],\" lets you mix build-time, server-only, and interactive components in a single React tree. RSC can improve performance, but it currently requires deep expertise to set up and maintain. See \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://github.com/parcel-bundler/rsc-examples\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Parcel’s RSC examples\"}],\".\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"Your rendering strategies need to integrate with your router so apps built with your framework can choose the rendering strategy on a per-route level. This will enable different rendering strategies without having to rewrite your whole app. For example, the landing page for your app might benefit from being statically generated (SSG), while a page with a content feed might perform best with server-side rendering.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"Using the right rendering strategy for the right routes can decrease the time it takes for the first byte of content to be loaded (\",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://web.dev/articles/ttfb\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Time to First Byte\"}],\"), the first piece of content to render (\",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://web.dev/articles/fcp\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"First Contentful Paint\"}],\"), and the largest visible content of the app to render (\",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://web.dev/articles/lcp\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\",\"children\":\"Largest Contentful Paint\"}],\").\"]}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"h3\",null,{\"id\":\"and-more\",\"children\":\"And more… \"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":\"These are just a few examples of the features a new app will need to consider when building from scratch. Many limitations you’ll hit can be difficult to solve as each problem is interconnected with the others and can require deep expertise in problem areas you may not be familiar with.\"}],\"\\n\",[\"$r\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[\"If you don’t want to solve these problems on your own, you can \",[\"$r\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/learn/creating-a-react-app\",\"children\":\"get started with a framework\"}],\" that provides these features out of the box.\"]}]]}]]","meta":{"title":"Build a React app from Scratch"},"languages":null},"__N_SSG":true},"page":"/[[...markdownPath]]","query":{"markdownPath":["learn","build-a-react-app-from-scratch"]},"buildId":"7rJpACwuwulNevnx_42Jp","isFallback":false,"gsp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>