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id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r193229805">.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3.infobox_conflit_militaire_4_combattants{width:35em;max-width:35em}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3.infobox_conflit_militaire_3_combattants{width:30em;max-width:30em}</style> <p>La <b>bataille de Gaugamèles</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r216827669">.mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg")center left no-repeat;background-size:11px 11px;padding-left:15px;font-size:smaller}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}}</style><sup class="prononciation noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:LL-Q150_(fra)-Xenoph%C3%B4n-bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les.wav?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fichier:LL-Q150 (fra)-Xenophôn-bataille de Gaugamèles.wav">Écouter</a></sup>, qui s'est déroulée le <time class="nowrap" datetime="U-0330-09-26" data-sort-value="U-0330-09-26"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> octobre 331 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></time>, est l'affrontement décisif entre l'armée d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre le Grand">Alexandre le Grand</a> et celle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darius_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darius III">Darius III</a>. Lors de cette bataille, considérée comme l'une des plus importantes de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquité">Antiquité</a> par les forces impliquées, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Mac%C3%A9doine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Macédoine">royaume de Macédoine</a> vainc définitivement l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_perse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire perse">Empire perse</a>. Cette bataille est parfois, quelque peu abusivement, appelée <b>bataille d'Arbèles</b> en référence à la cité d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arb%C3%A8le?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arbèle">Arbèles</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erbil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erbil">Erbil</a> dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurdistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> actuel), située à 100 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> environ du champ de bataille.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete icon defaut" style="background-color: #b0c4de;"> <div> Bataille de Gaugamèles </div> </div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Charles_Le_Brun_Bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charles_Le_Brun_Bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg/260px-Charles_Le_Brun_Bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charles_Le_Brun_Bataille_d%2527Arbelles.jpg/390px-Charles_Le_Brun_Bataille_d%2527Arbelles.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charles_Le_Brun_Bataille_d%2527Arbelles.jpg/520px-Charles_Le_Brun_Bataille_d%2527Arbelles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="618"></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Le_Brun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Le Brun">Charles Le Brun</a>, <i>La Bataille d'Arbélès</i>, 1669. </div> <table> <caption style="background-color:#b0c4de;"> Informations générales </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">Date</th> <td><time class="nowrap" datetime="U-0330-09-26" data-sort-value="U-0330-09-26"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> octobre 331 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></time></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lieu</th> <td>Plaine de Gaugamèles</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Issue</th> <td>Victoire décisive d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre le Grand">Alexandre</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#b0c4de;"> Belligérants </caption> <tbody> <tr class="left vborder"> <td class="data"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Mac%C3%A9doine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Macédoine">Royaume de Macédoine</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligue_de_Corinthe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligue de Corinthe">Ligue de Corinthe</a></td> <td class="data"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_perse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire perse">Empire perse</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#b0c4de;"> Commandants </caption> <tbody> <tr class="left vborder"> <td class="data"><b><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre le Grand">Alexandre le Grand</a></b></td> <td class="data"><b><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darius_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></b><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bessos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bessos">Bessos</a> <br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mazaios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mazaios">Mazaios</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#b0c4de;"> Forces en présence </caption> <tbody> <tr class="left vborder"> <td class="data">40 000 hommes<br> (35 000 fantassins et 5 000 cavaliers)</td> <td class="data">Environ 52 000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>−100 000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (estimation moderne) environ 250 000 hommes<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><br> (230 000 fantassins ?, 15 000 cavaliers, 200 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Char?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Char">chars</a> à faux et 15 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9phant_de_guerre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éléphant de guerre">éléphants de guerre</a>) (sources anciennes)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#b0c4de;"> Pertes </caption> <tbody> <tr class="left vborder"> <td class="data">500 tués et 3 000 blessés<sup id="cite_ref-Welman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Welman-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td> <td class="data">50 000 tués ou blessés<sup id="cite_ref-Welman_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Welman-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p class="bloc" style="background-color:#b0c4de;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chronologie_des_campagnes_d%27Alexandre_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chronologie des campagnes d'Alexandre le Grand">Campagnes d'Alexandre le Grand</a></p> <p class="bloc" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Batailles</p> <center> <b> Campagne d'Alexandre dans les Balkans</b><br> </center> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_P%C3%A9lion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège de Pélion">Pélion</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Th%C3%A8bes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Thèbes">Thèbes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><br> <center> <b> Campagnes perses d'Alexandre</b><br> </center> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_du_Granique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille du Granique">Granique</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Milet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège de Milet">Milet</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_d%27Halicarnasse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège d'Halicarnasse">Halicarnasse</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_d%27Issos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille d'Issos">Issos</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Tyr_(332_av._J.-C.)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège de Tyr (332 av. J.-C.)">Tyr</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaugamèles</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_des_Portes_persiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille des Portes persiques">Portes persiques</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><br> <center> <b>Campagne indienne d'Alexandre</b><br> </center> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aornos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aornos">Aornos</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_l%27Hydaspe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de l'Hydaspe">Hydaspe</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <table> <caption class="hidden" style=""> Données clés </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">Coordonnées</th> <td colspan="2"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/13/36.36/43.25/fr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-zoom="13" data-lat="36.36" data-lon="43.25" data-overlays="["_770a9f07ecb8a52f9ddf366ad037b49021ab85b1"]">36° 21′ 36″ nord, 43° 15′ 00″ est</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="img_toggle" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="geobox"> <div> <small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moyen-Orient?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moyen-Orient">Moyen-Orient</a></small> </div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding:0"> <div style="position:relative;;"> <span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Relief_Map_of_Middle_East_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="(Voir situation sur carte : Moyen-Orient)"><img alt="(Voir situation sur carte : Moyen-Orient)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Relief_Map_of_Middle_East_2.jpg/280px-Relief_Map_of_Middle_East_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Relief_Map_of_Middle_East_2.jpg/420px-Relief_Map_of_Middle_East_2.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Relief_Map_of_Middle_East_2.jpg/560px-Relief_Map_of_Middle_East_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="950"></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;line-height:0px;top:31.472623531169%;left:36.736692621045%;"> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;top:-4px;left:-4px;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bataille de Gaugamèles"><img alt="Bataille de Gaugamèles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span> </div> </div><span class="toponyme" style="display:none">Bataille de Gaugamèles</span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="geobox"> <div> <small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irak">Irak</a></small> </div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding:0"> <div style="position:relative;;"> <span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Iraq_physical_map.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="(Voir situation sur carte : Irak)"><img alt="(Voir situation sur carte : Irak)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/280px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/420px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/560px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="1260"></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;line-height:0px;top:14.408602150538%;left:46.190476190476%;"> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;top:-4px;left:-4px;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bataille de Gaugamèles"><img alt="Bataille de Gaugamèles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span> </div> </div><span class="toponyme" style="display:none">Bataille de Gaugamèles</span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="geobox"> <div> <small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurdistan_irakien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurdistan irakien">Kurdistan irakien</a></small> </div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding:0"> <div style="position:relative;;"> <span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Iraq_Kurdistan_topographic_location_map.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="(Voir situation sur carte : Kurdistan irakien)"><img alt="(Voir situation sur carte : Kurdistan irakien)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Iraq_Kurdistan_topographic_location_map.svg/280px-Iraq_Kurdistan_topographic_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Iraq_Kurdistan_topographic_location_map.svg/420px-Iraq_Kurdistan_topographic_location_map.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Iraq_Kurdistan_topographic_location_map.svg/560px-Iraq_Kurdistan_topographic_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="612"></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;line-height:0px;top:29.777777777778%;left:42.241379310345%;"> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;top:-4px;left:-4px;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bataille de Gaugamèles"><img alt="Bataille de Gaugamèles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span> </div> </div><span class="toponyme" style="display:none">Bataille de Gaugamèles</span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#b0c4de;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBataille_de_Gaugam%25C3%25A8les%26action%3Dedit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Conflit_militaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></p> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Contexte_historique"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Contexte historique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9roulement_de_la_bataille"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Déroulement de la bataille</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ordre_de_bataille"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ordre de bataille</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Engagement"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Engagement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mouvement_d%C3%A9cisif"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mouvement décisif</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aide_%C3%A0_Parm%C3%A9nion"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Aide à Parménion</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cons%C3%A9quences"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Conséquences</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dans_l'art_et_la_culture"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Dans l'art et la culture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Annexes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Annexes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources_antiques"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources antiques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Contexte_historique">Contexte historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Contexte historique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_mac%C3%A9donienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armée macédonienne">armée macédonienne</a> débarque en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anatolie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatolie">Anatolie</a> en mai <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/334_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="334 av. J.-C.">334</a> et défait les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satrape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satrape">satrapes</a> sur les rives du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_du_Granique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille du Granique">Granique</a>. En novembre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/333_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="333 av. J.-C.">333</a>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_perse_sous_Darius_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armée perse sous Darius III">armée perse</a>, commandée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darius_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darius III">Darius III</a> en personne, est vaincue à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_d%27Issos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille d'Issos">Issos</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cilicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cilicie">Cilicie</a>. Alexandre entame alors la conquête de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Phénicie">Phénicie</a> et de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte">Égypte</a>. Puis au printemps <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/331_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="331 av. J.-C.">331</a>, il marche vers l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euphrate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euphrate">Euphrate</a> qui est traversé, sans réelle opposition, à la fin juillet.</p> <p>Darius décide de former une armée, afin de remporter la bataille décisive. Aussi Alexandre, au lieu de marcher sur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babylone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babylone">Babylone</a> selon son plan initial, remonte vers le nord et franchit le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tigre_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tigre (fleuve)">Tigre</a> en septembre 331. Après plusieurs jours de marche, Alexandre apprend que l'armée perse, bien supérieure en nombre, l'attend dans la plaine de Gaugamèles, à une centaine de kilomètres d'Arbèles.</p> <p>Ses plus anciens officiers, en particulier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parm%C3%A9nion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parménion">Parménion</a>, inquiets de la difficulté qu'il y aurait à repousser en plein jour une armée si nombreuse, conseillent Alexandre d'attaquer les ennemis pendant la nuit mais Alexandre leur répond qu'il ne souhaite pas « dérober la victoire »<sup id="cite_ref-Plutarque_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Plutarque-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Certains n'approuvent pas ce choix et sont encore plus préoccupés lorsque Alexandre, contre sa coutume, dort d'un sommeil profond la veille du combat, comme s'il avait déjà vaincu<sup id="cite_ref-Plutarque_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Plutarque-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Lors de la bataille, les soldats observent une éclipse lunaire.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Déroulement_de_la_bataille"><span id="D.C3.A9roulement_de_la_bataille"></span>Déroulement de la bataille</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Déroulement de la bataille" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ordre_de_bataille">Ordre de bataille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Ordre de bataille" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La bataille a lieu dans la plaine de Gaugamèles<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, dans le nord de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irak">Irak</a> actuel, même si la localisation exacte de la bataille n'est pas clairement établie, on situe généralement le site à l'est de la ville de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mossoul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mossoul">Mossoul</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Darius, ayant intégré les causes de sa défaite à la bataille d'Issos, a choisi un terrain plus favorable : une grande plaine régulière, dont il a fait nettoyer les cailloux afin que la cavalerie et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Char?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Char">chars</a> à faux puissent manœuvrer plus facilement. Il a fait également planter des piques de fer dans le sol afin de blesser les chevaux adverses<sup id="cite_ref-Briant1996854_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Briant1996854-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Avec près de 277 000 fantassins, 23 000 cavaliers, 200 chars et 15 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9phant_de_guerre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éléphant de guerre">éléphants de guerre</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, Darius compte profiter d'une large supériorité numérique (de 1 à 6) ; car contrairement à Issos où il n'a aligné que des Perses (mis à part les mercenaires grecs), il oppose ici à Alexandre des soldats venus de tout l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_perse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire perse">Empire perse</a>. Celui-ci étant très étendu, les soldats sont de cultures, de langues et d'ethnies différentes, son armée est de ce fait très hétérogène, du point de vue des armements et des techniques de combat.</p> <p>Alexandre aligne 40 000 soldats, dont 31 000 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phalange_(Antiquit%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phalange (Antiquité)">phalangites</a>, et 7 000 cavaliers, certes moins nombreux que les Perses mais parfaitement entraînés et équipés, formant une armée homogène. Ne pouvant contourner l'immense formation perse en utilisant sa tactique habituelle du marteau et de l'enclume<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, Alexandre doit déployer son armée différemment de la stratégie habituelle. Il décide d'utiliser un placement en échelon, exceptionnel à l'époque, qui doit lui permettre d'occuper le maximum de terrain et de prendre à revers les flancs adverses : les troupes sont donc positionnées décalées les unes par rapport aux autres. Les phalanges sont organisées en carré de 256 hommes (16 hommes sur 16 lignes) avec les combattants les plus aguerris aux premières lignes. Comme de coutume, Alexandre place au centre de son dispositif la phalange, protégée sur son flanc gauche par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoplite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoplite">hoplites</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peltaste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peltaste">peltastes</a>, et sur son flanc droit par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hypaspistes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypaspistes">hypaspistes</a>. Alexandre répartit la cavalerie sur les flancs. Il mène le flanc droit à la tête de la cavalerie lourde des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compagnon_(cavalerie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compagnon (cavalerie)">Compagnons</a> et de frondeurs d'élite cachés par ceux-ci. Quant au flanc gauche, formé des cavaliers <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thessalie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thessalie">thessaliens</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thrace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thrace">thraces</a>, il est lui commandé par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parm%C3%A9nion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parménion">Parménion</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Alexandre participe donc directement aux combats sur son cheval <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buc%C3%A9phale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bucéphale">Bucéphale</a> comme pour toutes ses batailles, alors que Darius, lui, commande son armée depuis l'arrière juché sur un char.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Engagement">Engagement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Engagement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Alexandre_le_Grand,_vainqueur_de_Darius_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Alexandre_le_Grand%2C_vainqueur_de_Darius_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg/330px-Alexandre_le_Grand%2C_vainqueur_de_Darius_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="395"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 177px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Alexandre_le_Grand%2C_vainqueur_de_Darius_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg/330px-Alexandre_le_Grand%2C_vainqueur_de_Darius_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg" data-width="330" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Alexandre_le_Grand%2C_vainqueur_de_Darius_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg/495px-Alexandre_le_Grand%2C_vainqueur_de_Darius_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Alexandre_le_Grand%2C_vainqueur_de_Darius_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg/660px-Alexandre_le_Grand%2C_vainqueur_de_Darius_%C3%A0_la_bataille_d%27Arbelles.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i>Alexandre le Grand, vainqueur de Darius à la bataille d'Arbelles</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_Courtois_(peintre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques Courtois (peintre)">Jacques Courtois</a>, 1687. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_4.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_4.PNG/300px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_4.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="533"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_4.PNG/300px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_4.PNG" data-width="300" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_4.PNG/450px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_4.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_4.PNG/600px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_4.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Étirement du front. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Darius est le premier à faire avancer ses troupes<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>; il envoie sa cavalerie sur le flanc macédonien le plus replié, là où elle peut manœuvrer au mieux. Alexandre, qui a anticipé cette manœuvre, en profite pour partir sur sa droite tout en restant à distance. Le front s'étend alors en largeur et oblige une partie des troupes perses à suivre la cavalerie d'Alexandre.</p> <p>Darius envoie ses chars à faux dans le but de vaincre rapidement le centre adverse. La phalange macédonienne repousse la charge en s'écartant à l'arrivée des chars, créant de petites « souricières » dans la formation du front. Les chevaux, par instinct, se précipitent vers ces ouvertures plutôt que d'entrer de plein fouet sur les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phalange_(Antiquit%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phalange (Antiquité)">phalangites</a> qui pointent leurs <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarisse">sarisses</a>. Les conducteurs de chars sont rapidement mis hors de combat. Le roi perse, voyant ses unités montées en difficulté, lance une grande partie de son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infanterie_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infanterie légère">infanterie légère</a> dans la mêlée.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mouvement_décisif"><span id="Mouvement_d.C3.A9cisif"></span>Mouvement décisif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Mouvement décisif" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_6.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_6.PNG/300px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_6.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="533"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_6.PNG/300px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_6.PNG" data-width="300" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_6.PNG/450px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_6.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_6.PNG/600px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_6.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Percée décisive. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Pendant ce temps, Alexandre à la tête des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compagnon_(cavalerie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compagnon (cavalerie)">Compagnons</a> a tellement étendu le front perse qu'il n'est plus solidaire. Darius remarque ce mouvement mais fait poursuivre le jeune roi. Alors que les deux colonnes de cavalerie allaient se rencontrer, Alexandre change soudain de direction, découvrant les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peltaste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peltaste">peltastes</a> d'élite (les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agrianes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agrianes">Agrianes</a>) qui attaquent et bloquent aussitôt la cavalerie perse, et fonce sur le centre dégarni de l'armée perse où se trouve Darius. En effet, compte tenu des effectifs, Alexandre avait prévu de se lancer dans un combat entre lui et Darius afin qu'une fois le roi perse mort, son armée se rende.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Aide_à_Parménion"><span id="Aide_.C3.A0_Parm.C3.A9nion"></span>Aide à Parménion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Aide à Parménion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_7.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_7.PNG/300px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_7.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="533"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_7.PNG/300px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_7.PNG" data-width="300" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_7.PNG/450px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_7.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_7.PNG/600px-Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les_7.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Aide à Parménion. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Sur le flanc gauche macédonien, les combats tournent à l'avantage des Perses, sous l'action du satrape <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mazaios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mazaios">Mazaios</a>, qui parviennent à créer une brèche jusqu'à l’arrière-garde de Parménion. Au centre, Alexandre, sa cavalerie et une partie de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infanterie_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infanterie légère">infanterie légère</a>, qui a réussi à repousser les charges de l'armée perse, foncent sur Darius. Le roi perse prend la fuite et quitte le champ de bataille suivi par sa garde.</p> <p>Alexandre doit choisir entre la poursuite de Darius ou aider ses troupes. Faisant le choix de la raison, il abandonne la poursuite pour venir en aide à son flanc gauche malmené. Les ordres de repli ont du mal à parvenir à toute l'armée perse et les combats se poursuivent donc durant plusieurs heures, s'achevant sur la victoire complète de l'armée macédonienne.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Conséquences"><span id="Cons.C3.A9quences"></span>Conséquences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Conséquences" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Astronomical_Diary_331_330_BC_BM_36761.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Astronomical_Diary_331_330_BC_BM_36761.jpg/220px-Astronomical_Diary_331_330_BC_BM_36761.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2371" data-file-height="2493"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 231px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Astronomical_Diary_331_330_BC_BM_36761.jpg/220px-Astronomical_Diary_331_330_BC_BM_36761.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Astronomical_Diary_331_330_BC_BM_36761.jpg/330px-Astronomical_Diary_331_330_BC_BM_36761.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Astronomical_Diary_331_330_BC_BM_36761.jpg/440px-Astronomical_Diary_331_330_BC_BM_36761.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Tablette <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cun%C3%A9iforme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cunéiforme">cunéiforme</a> mentionnant la bataille de Gaugamèles et l'entrée d'Alexandre dans <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babylone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babylone">Babylone</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darius_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darius III">Darius</a> parvient à s'enfuir vers <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arb%C3%A8le?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arbèle">Arbèles</a> avec son bataillon d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9lophores?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mélophores">Immortels</a> et des cavaliers de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bactriane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bactriane">Bactriane</a> mais abandonne son trésor, estimé à 4 000 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talent_(unit%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talent (unité)">talents</a> (entre 75 et 100 tonnes d'argent) et ses armes personnelles. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre le Grand">Alexandre</a> se lance à sa poursuite, frustré de ne pas avoir réussi à tuer le Grand Roi. Mais entendant l'appel de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parm%C3%A9nion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parménion">Parménion</a> qui continue de se battre contre les cavaliers de Darius, il décide d'abandonner la poursuite pour se porter à son secours.</p> <p>Après cette victoire, Alexandre est couronné <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roi_d%27Asie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roi d'Asie">roi d'Asie</a> lors d'une cérémonie fastueuse célébrée à Arbèles, puis il entre en vainqueur dans <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babylone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babylone">Babylone</a> en octobre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/331_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="331 av. J.-C.">331 av. J.-C.</a> Darius meurt quelque temps après dans les montagnes de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A8des?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mèdes">Médie</a>, assassiné par ses <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satrape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satrape">satrapes</a> en juillet <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/330_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="330 av. J.-C.">330</a>. Le satrape <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mazaios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mazaios">Mazaios</a>, proche serviteur de Darius, se met au service d'Alexandre, provoquant une certaine incompréhension pour les compagnons d'Alexandre.</p> <p>À la suite de l'échec stratégique des chars à faux, cette arme ne joue plus de rôle déterminant sur un champ de bataille.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Dans_l'art_et_la_culture"><span id="Dans_l.27art_et_la_culture"></span>Dans l'art et la culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Dans l'art et la culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Charles_le_Brun_-_Bataille_d%27Arb%C3%A9l%C3%A8s_(Louvre,_INV_2895)_Alexander_and_eagle.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Charles_le_Brun_-_Bataille_d%27Arb%C3%A9l%C3%A8s_%28Louvre%2C_INV_2895%29_Alexander_and_eagle.jpg/220px-Charles_le_Brun_-_Bataille_d%27Arb%C3%A9l%C3%A8s_%28Louvre%2C_INV_2895%29_Alexander_and_eagle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Charles_le_Brun_-_Bataille_d%27Arb%C3%A9l%C3%A8s_%28Louvre%2C_INV_2895%29_Alexander_and_eagle.jpg/220px-Charles_le_Brun_-_Bataille_d%27Arb%C3%A9l%C3%A8s_%28Louvre%2C_INV_2895%29_Alexander_and_eagle.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Charles_le_Brun_-_Bataille_d%27Arb%C3%A9l%C3%A8s_%28Louvre%2C_INV_2895%29_Alexander_and_eagle.jpg/330px-Charles_le_Brun_-_Bataille_d%27Arb%C3%A9l%C3%A8s_%28Louvre%2C_INV_2895%29_Alexander_and_eagle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Charles_le_Brun_-_Bataille_d%27Arb%C3%A9l%C3%A8s_%28Louvre%2C_INV_2895%29_Alexander_and_eagle.jpg/440px-Charles_le_Brun_-_Bataille_d%27Arb%C3%A9l%C3%A8s_%28Louvre%2C_INV_2895%29_Alexander_and_eagle.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Détail de <i>La Bataille d'Arbèles</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Le_Brun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Le Brun">Charles Le Brun</a>, 1669, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée du Louvre">musée du Louvre</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Batalla_de_Gaugamela_(M.A.N._Inv.1980-60-1)_02.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Batalla_de_Gaugamela_%28M.A.N._Inv.1980-60-1%29_02.jpg/220px-Batalla_de_Gaugamela_%28M.A.N._Inv.1980-60-1%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="2292"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Batalla_de_Gaugamela_%28M.A.N._Inv.1980-60-1%29_02.jpg/220px-Batalla_de_Gaugamela_%28M.A.N._Inv.1980-60-1%29_02.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Batalla_de_Gaugamela_%28M.A.N._Inv.1980-60-1%29_02.jpg/330px-Batalla_de_Gaugamela_%28M.A.N._Inv.1980-60-1%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Batalla_de_Gaugamela_%28M.A.N._Inv.1980-60-1%29_02.jpg/440px-Batalla_de_Gaugamela_%28M.A.N._Inv.1980-60-1%29_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Détail de la <i>Bataille de Gaugamèles</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_national_de_Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée archéologique national de Madrid">musée archéologique de Madrid</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La bataille de Gaugamèles a été peinte par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_l%27Ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Brueghel l'Ancien">Jan Brueghel l'Ancien</a> (<i>La Bataille de Gaugamèles</i>) en 1602. Elle a également été peinte par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Le_Brun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Le Brun">Charles Le Brun</a> en 1669 : <i>La Bataille d'Arbélès</i> est une commande de <span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_XIV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis XIV"><span class="nowrap">Louis <abbr class="abbr" title="14"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIV</span></abbr></span></a></span> parmi d'autres ayant pour thème les grandes batailles d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre le Grand">Alexandre</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce tableau a inspiré d'autres œuvres dont un bas-relief en ivoire du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, exposé au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_national_de_Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée archéologique national de Madrid">musée archéologique national de Madrid</a>.</p> <p>La bataille est représentée assez fidèlement dans le film <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre (film)">Alexandre</a></i> réalisé par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oliver_Stone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> en 2004. Elle constitue toutefois la synthèse des trois principales batailles livrées par Alexandre contre les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ach%C3%A9m%C3%A9nides?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Achéménides">Perses</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_du_Granique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille du Granique">Granique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_d%27Issos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille d'Issos">Issos</a> et Gaugamèles).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">D'après Delbrück<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_incompl%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence incomplète">[réf. incomplète]</a></sup>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/alexander.htm">Alexander Defeats The Persians, 331 BC</a></i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Le montant des effectifs de l'armée perse, sujet à débat, est basé sur un consensus entre les historiens modernes ; les auteurs antiques mentionnent par exemple que l'armée perse compte entre <span class="nowrap"><span title="">800 000</span> et <span title="">1 000 000</span> <span title="">hommes</span></span>, sachant qu'ils ont tendance à largement exagérer le montant des troupes perses afin d'embellir la victoire macédonienne. Certains historiens avancent un effectif de 300 000 perses. Ce montant paraît être un maximum étant donné les problèmes logistiques posés par l'approvisionnement des troupes.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Welman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Welman_4-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Welman_4-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nick Welman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pothos.org/content/index.php?page%3Dmajor-battles">Batailles principales</a> et <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pothos.org/content/index.php?page%3Darmy">Armée</a>, Fontys Hogescholen.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Plutarque-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Plutarque_5-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Plutarque_5-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Plutarque, <i>Alexandre</i><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_incompl%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence incomplète">[réf. incomplète]</a></sup>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plutarque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plutarque">Plutarque</a> (<i>Alexandre</i>) le nom de Gaugamèles signifie en langue persane la « maison du chameau ».</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/13/36.36/43.25/fr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-zoom="13" data-lat="36.36" data-lon="43.25" data-overlays="["_e6334148ae9e58251ef0fcc7e633631dd360bb28"]">36° 21′ 36″ N, 43° 15′ 00″ E</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Briant1996854-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Briant1996854_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Briant1996">Briant 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 854. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Il convient de rappeler que ces chiffres sont à prendre avec précaution.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">La formation d'Alexandre s'étale sur 2 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> et la formation de Darius sur 4 km.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Pour l'ordre de bataille des troupes macédoniennes voir Diodore, <abbr class="abbr" title="17"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XVII</span></abbr>, 57 ; Arrien, <abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr>, 5.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Pour l'imposant dispositif de Darius voir Arrien, III, 5 ; récit d'après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aristobule_de_Cassandr%C3%A9ia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aristobule de Cassandréia">Aristobule</a> qui cite des documents perses saisis après la victoire.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Chantal Grell, « Pour Louis XIV, modèle ou repoussoir ? », <i>Alexandre le Grand : 15 ans qui ont bouleversé le monde</i>, Éditions de la République, 2018, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 138.</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Gaugamela?uselang%3Dfr">Bataille de Gaugamèles</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sources_antiques">Sources antiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sources antiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrien">Arrien</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anabase_(Arrien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anabase (Arrien)">Anabase</a></i> <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/intro.htm%23ARRIEN">lire en ligne</a>]</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr>, 5-11 ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diodore_de_Sicile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diodore de Sicile">Diodore de Sicile</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_historique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque historique">Bibliothèque historique</a></i> <small>[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence:Biblioth%C3%A8que_historique_(Diodore_de_Sicile)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Référence:Bibliothèque historique (Diodore de Sicile)">détail des éditions</a>]</small> <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/diodore/index.htm">lire en ligne</a>]</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="17"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XVII</span></abbr>, 53-61 ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justin_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justin (historien)">Justin</a>, <i>Abrégé des Histoires philippiques de Trogue Pompée</i> <small>[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence:Abr%C3%A9g%C3%A9_des_Histoires_philippiques_de_Trogue_Pomp%C3%A9e_(Justin)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Référence:Abrégé des Histoires philippiques de Trogue Pompée (Justin)">détail des éditions</a>]</small> <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/justin">lire en ligne</a>]</small>, 13-14 ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plutarque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plutarque">Plutarque</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vies_parall%C3%A8les?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vies parallèles">Vies parallèles</a></i> <small>[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence:Vies_parall%C3%A8les_(Plutarque)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Référence:Vies parallèles (Plutarque)">détail des éditions</a>]</small> <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/Plutarque/index.htm">lire en ligne</a>]</small>, <i>Alexandre</i>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bey2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frédéric_Bey2020"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frédéric Bey">Frédéric Bey</a>, <cite class="italique">Issos et Gaugamèles</cite>, Cérigo éditions, <time>2020</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issos+et+Gaugam%C3%A8les&rft.pub=C%C3%A9rigo+%C3%A9ditions&rft.aulast=Bey&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.date=2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bey2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frédéric_Bey2021">Frédéric Bey, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Gaugamèles, 331 : Le choc ultime qui abat la dynastie</cite> », <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerres_%26_Histoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerres & Histoire">Guerres & Histoire</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 61 « L'armée du grand roi perse : Outil d'un empire modèle »,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-06" data-sort-value="2021-06">juin 2021</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">30-33</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gaugam%C3%A8les%2C+331+%3A+Le+choc+ultime+qui+abat+la+dynastie&rft.jtitle=Guerres+%26+Histoire&rft.issue=61&rft.aulast=Bey&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.date=2021-06&rft.pages=30-33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Briant2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Briant2005"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Briant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Briant">Pierre Briant</a>, <cite class="italique">Alexandre le Grand, de la Grèce à l'Inde</cite>, Gallimard, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Découvertes Gallimard / Histoire », <time>2005</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexandre+le+Grand%2C+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce+%C3%A0+l%27Inde&rft.pub=Gallimard&rft.aulast=Briant&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Briant1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Briant1996">Pierre <span class="nom_auteur">Briant</span>, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Empire Perse</cite>, Fayard, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Classiques des sciences sociales », <time>1996</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Empire+Perse&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.aulast=Briant&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Briant1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Briant1992">Pierre Briant, <cite class="italique">Les Perses et l'Empire</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallimard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallimard">Gallimard</a>, <time>1992</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Perses+et+l%27Empire&rft.pub=Gallimard&rft.aulast=Briant&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="GeorgakiGeorgaki1989"><span class="ouvrage" id="Antonis_GeorgakiPavlo_Georgaki1989">Antonis Georgaki et Pavlo Georgaki, <cite class="italique">Arbèles</cite>, Socomer, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Les grandes batailles de l'histoire », <time>1989</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arb%C3%A8les&rft.pub=Socomer&rft.aulast=Georgaki&rft.aufirst=Antonis&rft.au=Pavlo+Georgaki&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Huyse2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Phillip_Huyse2005">Phillip Huyse, <cite class="italique">La Perse antique</cite>, Les Belles Lettres, <time>2005</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Perse+antique&rft.pub=Les+Belles+Lettres&rft.aulast=Huyse&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Lenfant2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dominique_Lenfant2011">Dominique Lenfant, <cite class="italique">Les Perses vus par les Grecs</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2011</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Perses+vus+par+les+Grecs&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.aulast=Lenfant&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft.date=2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Green1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_Green1990"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Green_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Green (historien)">Peter <span class="nom_auteur">Green</span></a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Alexander to Actium : the historical evolution of the Hellenistic age</cite>, Berkeley, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_California_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Hellenistic culture and society » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1), <time>1990</time>, 970 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-520-08349-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-520-08349-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-520-08349-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3D1QOvJ14Jxv8C%26pg%3DPP1">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+to+Actium+%3A+the+historical+evolution+of+the+Hellenistic+age&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1990&rft.tpages=970&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08349-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="MarciakSzypułaSobiechPirowski2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michał_MarciakBartłomiej_SzypułaMarcin_SobiechTomasz_Pirowski2021"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michał Marciak, Bartłomiej Szypuła, Marcin Sobiech et Tomasz Pirowski, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The battle of Gaugamela and the question of visibility on the battlefield</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Iraq</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 83,‎ <time>2021</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">87-103</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/iraq/article/battle-of-gaugamela-and-the-question-of-visibility-on-the-battlefield/F32530FFEA360D4CE959361638C7CFC2%23">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-09" data-sort-value="2021-10-09">9 octobre 2021</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+battle+of+Gaugamela+and+the+question+of+visibility+on+the+battlefield&rft.jtitle=Iraq&rft.aulast=Marciak&rft.aufirst=Micha%C5%82&rft.au=Bart%C5%82omiej+Szypu%C5%82a&rft.au=Marcin+Sobiech&rft.au=Tomasz+Pirowski&rft.date=2021&rft.volume=83&rft.pages=87-103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="SekundaGibson_Warry1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nick_SekundaJohn_Gibson_Warry1998"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nick <span class="nom_auteur">Sekunda</span> et John Gibson Warry, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Alexander the Great : his armies and campaigns 334-323 BC</cite>, Londres, Osprey, <time>1998</time>, 144 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85532-792-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85532-792-4"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85532-792-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.stitle=his+armies+and+campaigns+334-323+BC&rft.aulast=Sekunda&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=John+Gibson+Warry&rft.date=1998&rft.tpages=144&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-792-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABataille+de+Gaugam%C3%A8les"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_mac%C3%A9donienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armée macédonienne">Armée macédonienne</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_perse_sous_Darius_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armée perse sous Darius III">Armée perse sous Darius III</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tactique_militaire_utilis%C3%A9e_par_Alexandre_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tactique militaire utilisée par Alexandre le Grand">Tactique militaire utilisée par Alexandre le Grand</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179670?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" 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noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007560575505171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func%3Dfind-c%26local_base%3Daut%26ccl_term%3Dica%3Dph779388">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179670?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Gaugamela"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/battaglia-di-gaugamela_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><i>Dizionario di Storia</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/gaugameles-bataille-d-arbeles/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Gr%C3%A8ce_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Grèce antique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Discobolus_icon.png/16px-Discobolus_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="24" 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href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9sopotamie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Mésopotamie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/33px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1484"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 33px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/33px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="33" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/49px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/65px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9sopotamie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Mésopotamie">Portail de la Mésopotamie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les%26oldid%3D222331019">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugamèles&oldid=222331019</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Gaugam%C3%A8les&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Ellicrum" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1737628059"> <span>Dernière modification le 23 janvier 2025, à 11:27</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25BA%25D9%2588%25D8%25BA%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7" title="معركة غوغميلا – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة غوغميلا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qavqamela_d%25C3%25B6y%25C3%25BC%25C5%259F%25C3%25BC" title="Qavqamela döyüşü – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qavqamela döyüşü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2584_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A4%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588" title="قاوقامل دؤیوشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاوقامل دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Битка при Гавгамела – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Гавгамела" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emgann_Gaugamela" title="Emgann Gaugamela – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emgann Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Gaugamele" title="Bitka kod Gaugamele – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bitka kod Gaugamele" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Gaugamela" title="Batalla de Gaugamela – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25DB%2595%25DA%2595%25DB%258C_%25DA%25AF%25DB%2586%25DA%25AF%25DB%2595%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7" title="شەڕی گۆگەمیلا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی گۆگەمیلا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Gaugam%25C3%25A9l" title="Bitva u Gaugamél – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Gaugamél" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Gaugamela" title="Slaget ved Gaugamela – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget ved Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Gaugamela" title="Schlacht von Gaugamela – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259C%25CE%25AC%25CF%2587%25CE%25B7_%25CF%2584%25CF%2589%25CE%25BD_%25CE%2593%25CE%25B1%25CF%2585%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AE%25CE%25BB%25CF%2589%25CE%25BD" title="Μάχη των Γαυγαμήλων – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη των Γαυγαμήλων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gaugamela" title="Battle of Gaugamela – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Battle of Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_de_Ga%25C5%25ADgamelo" title="Batalo de Gaŭgamelo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo de Gaŭgamelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Gaugamela" title="Batalla de Gaugamela – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaugamela_lahing" title="Gaugamela lahing – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gaugamela lahing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaugamelako_gudua" title="Gaugamelako gudua – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaugamelako gudua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF_%25DA%25AF%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25D9%2585%25D9%2584" title="نبرد گوگمل – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد گوگمل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaugamelan_taistelu" title="Gaugamelan taistelu – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gaugamelan taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slach_by_Gaugamela" title="Slach by Gaugamela – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Slach by Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A8%25D7%2591_%25D7%2592%25D7%2590%25D7%2595%25D7%2592%25D7%259E%25D7%259C%25D7%2594" title="קרב גאוגמלה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב גאוגמלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A7" title="अर्बेला का युद्ध – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्बेला का युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Gaugamele" title="Bitka kod Gaugamele – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bitka kod Gaugamele" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaugam%25C3%25A9lai_csata" title="Gaugamélai csata – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gaugamélai csata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BE%25D5%25A3%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25B3%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25BF" title="Գավգամելայի ճակատամարտ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գավգամելայի ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Gaugamela" title="Pertempuran Gaugamela – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Gaugamela" title="Battaglia di Gaugamela – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AC%25E3%2582%25A6%25E3%2582%25AC%25E3%2583%25A1%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2581%25AE%25E6%2588%25A6%25E3%2581%2584" title="ガウガメラの戦い – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガウガメラの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25AB%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2590" title="გავგამელის ბრძოლა – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გავგამელის ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%25B2_%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B2%25A6%25E0%25B2%25A8" title="ಗಾಗಮೇಲ ಕದನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಾಗಮೇಲ ಕದನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B0%2580%25EC%259A%25B0%25EA%25B0%2580%25EB%25A9%259C%25EB%259D%25BC_%25EC%25A0%2584%25ED%2588%25AC" title="가우가멜라 전투 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가우가멜라 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%259Eer%25C3%25AA_Gaugamelay%25C3%25AA" title="Şerê Gaugamelayê – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şerê Gaugamelayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaugamel%25C5%25B3_m%25C5%25AB%25C5%25A1is" title="Gaugamelų mūšis – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gaugamelų mūšis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2598_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Битка кај Гавгамела – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Битка кај Гавгамела" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Gaugamela" title="Pertempuran Gaugamela – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AB%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25AB%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BD%25E1%2580%25B2" title="ဂေါဂါမီလာတိုက်ပွဲ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂေါဂါမီလာတိုက်ပွဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Gaugamela" title="Slag bij Gaugamela – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Gaugamela" title="Slaget ved Gaugamela – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Gaugam%25C3%25A8las" title="Batalha de Gaugamèlas – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batalha de Gaugamèlas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Gaugamel%25C4%2585" title="Bitwa pod Gaugamelą – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Gaugamelą" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C_%25D9%2584%25DA%2591%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C" title="اربیلا دی لڑائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اربیلا دی لڑائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF_%25DA%25AB%25D8%25A7%25DA%25AB%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25AC%25DA%25AB%25DA%2593%25D9%2587" title="د ګاګمالا جګړه – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ګاګمالا جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Gaugamela" title="Batalha de Gaugamela – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C4%2583t%25C4%2583lia_de_la_Gaugamela" title="Bătălia de la Gaugamela – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585" title="Битва при Гавгамелах – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Гавгамелах" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_o_Gaugamela" title="Battle o Gaugamela – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Battle o Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Gaugamele" title="Bitka kod Gaugamele – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka kod Gaugamele" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gaugamela" title="Battle of Gaugamela – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Battle of Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_Gaugam%25C3%25A9le" title="Bitka pri Gaugaméle – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bitka pri Gaugaméle" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_Gavgameli" title="Bitka pri Gavgameli – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bitka pri Gavgameli" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5" title="Битка код Гаугамеле – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Гаугамеле" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Gaugamela" title="Slaget vid Gaugamela – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="ยุทธการที่กอกามีลา – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุทธการที่กอกามีลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaugamela_Muharebesi" title="Gaugamela Muharebesi – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gaugamela Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585" title="Битва при Гавгамелах – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при Гавгамелах" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavgamela_jangi" title="Gavgamela jangi – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gavgamela jangi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%25E1%25BA%25ADn_Gaugamela" title="Trận Gaugamela – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Gaugamela" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25AB%2598%25E5%258A%25A0%25E7%25B1%25B3%25E6%258B%2589%25E6%2588%25B0%25E5%25BD%25B9" title="高加米拉戰役 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高加米拉戰役" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" 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