CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#">  <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/xmlrpc.php" />  <script type="text/javascript"> document.documentElement.className = 'js'; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggle_visibility(id) { var e = document.getElementById(id); e.style.zIndex = '100'; e.style.opacity = '1'; } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggle_invisibility(id) { var e = document.getElementById(id); e.style.zIndex = '-1'; e.style.opacity = '0'; } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function aktywny(id) { var e = document.getElementById(id); e.style.backgroundColor = '#4BD8A1'; } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function nieaktywny(id) { var e = document.getElementById(id); e.style.backgroundColor = 'white'; } </script> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { const miesiacButton = document.getElementById('miesiac'); if (document.body.contains(miesiacButton)) { miesiacButton.addEventListener('click', function () { toggle_visibility('sposob'); aktywny('miesiac'); nieaktywny('jednoraz'); } , false); } const guzikButton = document.getElementById('jednoraz'); if (document.body.contains(guzikButton)) { guzikButton.addEventListener('click', function () { toggle_invisibility('sposob'); nieaktywny('miesiac'); aktywny('jednoraz'); } , false); } }); </script> <title>Controversy over state commemoration of Polish anti-communist partisan accused of war crimes | Notes From Poland</title> <style id="et-divi-userfonts">@font-face { font-family: "Breuer Bold"; font-display: swap; src: url("https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/et-fonts/TypeTrust-BreuerCondensed-Bold.otf") format("opentype"); }@font-face { font-family: "Breuer"; font-display: swap; src: url("https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/et-fonts/TypeTrust-BreuerCondensed-Medium.otf") format("opentype"); }</style><meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Notes From Poland » Feed" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/feed/" /> <meta content="Notes from Poland v.1.0.2" name="generator"/><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed figcaption{color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-image figcaption{color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-plain{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table figcaption{color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video figcaption{color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-template-part.has-background{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}body { margin: 0;--wp--style--global--content-size: 823px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1080px; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link{background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='donation-widget-payu-frontend-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/donation-widget-payu/assets/css/frontend.css?ver=1.0.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ub-extension-style-css-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-blocks/src/extensions/style.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widgetopts-styles-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/widget-options/assets/css/widget-options.css?ver=4.0.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='give-donation-summary-style-frontend-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/give/assets/dist/css/give-donation-summary.css?ver=3.12.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-pagenavi-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-pagenavi/pagenavi-css.css?ver=2.70' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='et_monarch-css-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/monarch/css/style.css?ver=1.4.14' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id="et-gf-open-sans-css" media="all">@font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4gaVc.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsg-1x4gaVc.ttf) format('truetype'); } </style> <style id="et-builder-googlefonts-cached-css" media="all">@font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: italic; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memQYaGs126MiZpBA-UFUIcVXSCEkx2cmqvXlWq8tWZ0Pw86hd0Rk5hkWV4exQ.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memQYaGs126MiZpBA-UFUIcVXSCEkx2cmqvXlWq8tWZ0Pw86hd0Rk8ZkWV4exQ.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memQYaGs126MiZpBA-UFUIcVXSCEkx2cmqvXlWq8tWZ0Pw86hd0Rk_RkWV4exQ.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memQYaGs126MiZpBA-UFUIcVXSCEkx2cmqvXlWq8tWZ0Pw86hd0RkxhjWV4exQ.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memQYaGs126MiZpBA-UFUIcVXSCEkx2cmqvXlWq8tWZ0Pw86hd0RkyFjWV4exQ.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: italic; font-weight: 800; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memQYaGs126MiZpBA-UFUIcVXSCEkx2cmqvXlWq8tWZ0Pw86hd0Rk0ZjWV4exQ.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsiH0B4uaVc.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4uaVc.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjr0B4uaVc.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsgH1x4uaVc.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsg-1x4uaVc.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgshZ1x4uaVc.ttf) format('truetype'); } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='popup-maker-site-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/popup-maker/assets/css/pum-site.min.css?ver=1.19.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='popup-maker-site-inline-css' type='text/css'> /* Popup Google Fonts */ @import url('//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:100'); /* Popup Theme 67: Light Box */ .pum-theme-67, .pum-theme-lightbox { background-color: rgba( 73, 183, 131, 0.00 ) } .pum-theme-67 .pum-container, .pum-theme-lightbox .pum-container { padding: 18px; border-radius: 3px; border: 8px solid #49b783; box-shadow: 0px 0px 30px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 1.00 ); background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-67 .pum-title, .pum-theme-lightbox .pum-title { color: #000000; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); font-family: inherit; font-weight: 100; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px } .pum-theme-67 .pum-content, .pum-theme-lightbox .pum-content { color: #000000; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 100 } .pum-theme-67 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-lightbox .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: 26px; width: 26px; left: auto; right: -13px; bottom: auto; top: -13px; padding: 0px; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial; font-weight: 100; font-size: 24px; line-height: 24px; border: 2px solid #ffffff; border-radius: 26px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 15px 1px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.75 ); text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.23 ); background-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1.00 ) } /* Popup Theme 18173: Content Only - For use with page builders or block editor */ .pum-theme-18173, .pum-theme-content-only { background-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.70 ) } .pum-theme-18173 .pum-container, .pum-theme-content-only .pum-container { padding: 0px; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px none #000000; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.00 ) } .pum-theme-18173 .pum-title, .pum-theme-content-only .pum-title { color: #000000; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px } .pum-theme-18173 .pum-content, .pum-theme-content-only .pum-content { color: #8c8c8c; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400 } .pum-theme-18173 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-content-only .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: 18px; width: 18px; left: auto; right: 7px; bottom: auto; top: 7px; padding: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px; border: 1px none #ffffff; border-radius: 15px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.00 ); text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.00 ); background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0.00 ) } /* Popup Theme 17607: Floating Bar - Soft Blue */ .pum-theme-17607, .pum-theme-floating-bar { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0.00 ) } .pum-theme-17607 .pum-container, .pum-theme-floating-bar .pum-container { padding: 8px; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px none #000000; box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); background-color: rgba( 238, 246, 252, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-17607 .pum-title, .pum-theme-floating-bar .pum-title { color: #505050; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px } .pum-theme-17607 .pum-content, .pum-theme-floating-bar .pum-content { color: #505050; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400 } .pum-theme-17607 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-floating-bar .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: 18px; width: 18px; left: auto; right: 5px; bottom: auto; top: 50%; padding: 0px; color: #505050; font-family: Sans-Serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px; line-height: 18px; border: 1px solid #505050; border-radius: 15px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.00 ); text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.00 ); background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0.00 ); transform: translate(0, -50%) } /* Popup Theme 17608: Floating Bar - Soft Blue */ .pum-theme-17608, .pum-theme-floating-bar-2 { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0.00 ) } .pum-theme-17608 .pum-container, .pum-theme-floating-bar-2 .pum-container { padding: 8px; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px none #000000; box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); background-color: rgba( 238, 246, 252, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-17608 .pum-title, .pum-theme-floating-bar-2 .pum-title { color: #505050; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px } .pum-theme-17608 .pum-content, .pum-theme-floating-bar-2 .pum-content { color: #505050; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400 } .pum-theme-17608 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-floating-bar-2 .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: 18px; width: 18px; left: auto; right: 5px; bottom: auto; top: 50%; padding: 0px; color: #505050; font-family: Sans-Serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px; line-height: 18px; border: 1px solid #505050; border-radius: 15px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.00 ); text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.00 ); background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0.00 ); transform: translate(0, -50%) } /* Popup Theme 66: Default Theme */ .pum-theme-66, .pum-theme-default-theme { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-66 .pum-container, .pum-theme-default-theme .pum-container { padding: 18px; border-radius: px; border: 1px none #000000; box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); background-color: rgba( 249, 249, 249, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-66 .pum-title, .pum-theme-default-theme .pum-title { color: #000000; text-align: left; text-shadow: px px px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-size: 32px; font-style: normal; line-height: 36px } .pum-theme-66 .pum-content, .pum-theme-default-theme .pum-content { color: #8c8c8c; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-style: inherit } .pum-theme-66 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-default-theme .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: auto; width: auto; left: auto; right: px; bottom: auto; top: px; padding: 8px; color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 36px; border: 1px none #ffffff; border-radius: px; box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); text-shadow: px px px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.23 ); background-color: rgba( 0, 183, 205, 1.00 ) } /* Popup Theme 68: Enterprise Blue */ .pum-theme-68, .pum-theme-enterprise-blue { background-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.70 ) } .pum-theme-68 .pum-container, .pum-theme-enterprise-blue .pum-container { padding: 28px; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px none #000000; box-shadow: 0px 10px 25px 4px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.50 ); background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-68 .pum-title, .pum-theme-enterprise-blue .pum-title { color: #315b7c; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); font-family: inherit; font-weight: 100; font-size: 34px; line-height: 36px } .pum-theme-68 .pum-content, .pum-theme-enterprise-blue .pum-content { color: #2d2d2d; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 100 } .pum-theme-68 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-enterprise-blue .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: 28px; width: 28px; left: auto; right: 8px; bottom: auto; top: 8px; padding: 4px; color: #ffffff; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: 100; font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px; border: 1px none #ffffff; border-radius: 42px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.23 ); background-color: rgba( 49, 91, 124, 1.00 ) } /* Popup Theme 69: Hello Box */ .pum-theme-69, .pum-theme-hello-box { background-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.75 ) } .pum-theme-69 .pum-container, .pum-theme-hello-box .pum-container { padding: 30px; border-radius: 80px; border: 14px solid #81d742; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.00 ); background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-69 .pum-title, .pum-theme-hello-box .pum-title { color: #2d2d2d; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); font-family: Montserrat; font-weight: 100; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px } .pum-theme-69 .pum-content, .pum-theme-hello-box .pum-content { color: #2d2d2d; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 100 } .pum-theme-69 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-hello-box .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: auto; width: auto; left: auto; right: -30px; bottom: auto; top: -30px; padding: 0px; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: 100; font-size: 32px; line-height: 28px; border: 1px none #ffffff; border-radius: 28px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.23 ); background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1.00 ) } /* Popup Theme 70: Cutting Edge */ .pum-theme-70, .pum-theme-cutting-edge { background-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.50 ) } .pum-theme-70 .pum-container, .pum-theme-cutting-edge .pum-container { padding: 18px; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px none #000000; box-shadow: 0px 10px 25px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.50 ); background-color: rgba( 30, 115, 190, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-70 .pum-title, .pum-theme-cutting-edge .pum-title { color: #ffffff; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); font-family: Sans-Serif; font-weight: 100; font-size: 26px; line-height: 28px } .pum-theme-70 .pum-content, .pum-theme-cutting-edge .pum-content { color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 100 } .pum-theme-70 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-cutting-edge .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: 24px; width: 24px; left: auto; right: 0px; bottom: auto; top: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #1e73be; font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: 100; font-size: 32px; line-height: 24px; border: 1px none #ffffff; border-radius: 0px; box-shadow: -1px 1px 1px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.10 ); text-shadow: -1px 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.10 ); background-color: rgba( 238, 238, 34, 1.00 ) } /* Popup Theme 71: Framed Border */ .pum-theme-71, .pum-theme-framed-border { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0.50 ) } .pum-theme-71 .pum-container, .pum-theme-framed-border .pum-container { padding: 18px; border-radius: 0px; border: 20px outset #dd3333; box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.97 ) inset; background-color: rgba( 255, 251, 239, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-71 .pum-title, .pum-theme-framed-border .pum-title { color: #000000; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); font-family: inherit; font-weight: 100; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px } .pum-theme-71 .pum-content, .pum-theme-framed-border .pum-content { color: #2d2d2d; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 100 } .pum-theme-71 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-framed-border .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: 20px; width: 20px; left: auto; right: -20px; bottom: auto; top: -20px; padding: 0px; color: #ffffff; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; border: 1px none #ffffff; border-radius: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.23 ); text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.23 ); background-color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.55 ) } #pum-71211 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-34567 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-34548 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-33845 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-674 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-1327 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-8353 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-10077 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-8320 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-78 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-643 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-684 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-1257 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-1294 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-1308 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-1319 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-1336 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-1344 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-1301 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-692 {z-index: 1999999999} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='divi-style-parent-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/themes/Divi/style-static.min.css?ver=4.25.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='child-style-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/themes/LPD-Extra-Divi-Child/style.css?ver=1.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/donation-widget-payu/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="donation-widget-payu-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-inert.min.js?ver=3.1.2" id="wp-polyfill-inert-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/regenerator-runtime.min.js?ver=0.14.0" id="regenerator-runtime-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="say-what-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var say_what_data = {"replacements":[]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/say-what/assets/build/frontend.js?ver=fd31684c45e4d85aeb4e" id="say-what-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="give-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var give_global_vars = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","checkout_nonce":"ab57555ecf","currency":"PLN","currency_sign":"z\u0142","currency_pos":"after","thousands_separator":" ","decimal_separator":",","no_gateway":"Please select a payment method.","bad_minimum":"The minimum custom donation amount for this form is","bad_maximum":"The maximum custom donation amount for this form is","general_loading":"Loading...","purchase_loading":"Please Wait...","textForOverlayScreen":"<h3>Processing...<\/h3><p>This will only take a second!<\/p>","number_decimals":"0","is_test_mode":"","give_version":"3.12.3","magnific_options":{"main_class":"give-modal","close_on_bg_click":false},"form_translation":{"payment-mode":"Please select payment mode.","give_first":"Please enter your first name.","give_last":"Please enter your last name.","give_email":"Please enter a valid email address.","give_user_login":"Invalid email address or username.","give_user_pass":"Enter a password.","give_user_pass_confirm":"Enter the password confirmation.","give_agree_to_terms":"You must agree to the terms and conditions."},"confirm_email_sent_message":"Please check your email and click on the link to access your complete donation history.","ajax_vars":{"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","ajaxNonce":"492f367443","loading":"Loading","select_option":"Please select an option","default_gateway":"paypal","permalinks":"1","number_decimals":0},"cookie_hash":"ce242bb7baea4863bf0c93813fb01d36","session_nonce_cookie_name":"wp-give_session_reset_nonce_ce242bb7baea4863bf0c93813fb01d36","session_cookie_name":"wp-give_session_ce242bb7baea4863bf0c93813fb01d36","delete_session_nonce_cookie":"0"}; var giveApiSettings = {"root":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-json\/give-api\/v2\/","rest_base":"give-api\/v2"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/give/assets/dist/js/give.js?ver=45021738ab584c0b" id="give-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/24642" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.5.5" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2021/03/03/controversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/?p=24642' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&format=xml" /> <style></style> <meta name="generator" content="Give v3.12.3" /> <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:5060951,hjsv:5}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'//static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <style type="text/css" id="et-social-custom-css"> .et_monarch .et_social_inline .et_social_circle .et_social_icons_container li i, .et_monarch .et_social_inline li { background: #d3d3d3; } .et_monarch .et_social_inline .et_social_circle .et_social_icons_container li:hover i, .et_monarch .et_social_inline .et_social_rounded .et_social_icons_container li:hover, .et_monarch .et_social_inline .et_social_rectangle .et_social_icons_container li:hover { background: #4ddaa3 !important; } </style> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); </script> <style> .no-js img.lazyload { display: none; } figure.wp-block-image img.lazyloading { min-width: 150px; } .lazyload, .lazyloading { opacity: 0; } .lazyloaded { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 400ms; transition-delay: 0ms; } </style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0" /> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5PXNNL4D');</script> <style type="text/css">.saboxplugin-wrap{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-ms-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #eee;width:100%;clear:both;display:block;overflow:hidden;word-wrap:break-word;position:relative}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:left;padding:0 20px 20px 20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img{max-width:100px;height:auto;border-radius:0;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{font-size:18px;line-height:1;margin:20px 0 0 20px;display:block}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname a{text-decoration:none}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname a:focus{outline:0}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc{display:block;margin:5px 20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc a{text-decoration:underline}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc p{margin:5px 0 12px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web{margin:0 20px 15px;text-align:left}.saboxplugin-wrap .sab-web-position{text-align:right}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web a{color:#ccc;text-decoration:none}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials{position:relative;display:block;background:#fcfcfc;padding:5px;border-top:1px solid #eee}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg{width:20px;height:20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg .st2{fill:#fff; transform-origin:center center;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg .st1{fill:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a:hover{opacity:.8;-webkit-transition:opacity .4s;-moz-transition:opacity .4s;-o-transition:opacity .4s;transition:opacity .4s;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials .saboxplugin-icon-color{box-shadow:none;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .4s;-moz-transition:opacity .4s;-o-transition:opacity .4s;transition:opacity .4s;display:inline-block;color:#fff;font-size:0;text-decoration:inherit;margin:5px;-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;-ms-border-radius:0;-o-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;overflow:hidden}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials .saboxplugin-icon-grey{text-decoration:inherit;box-shadow:none;position:relative;display:-moz-inline-stack;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;zoom:1;margin:10px 5px;color:#444;fill:#444}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before{content:' ';display:table;line-height:0;clear:both}.ie7 .clearfix{zoom:1}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-twitch{border-color:#38245c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-addthis{border-color:#e91c00}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-behance{border-color:#003eb0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-delicious{border-color:#06c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-deviantart{border-color:#036824}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-digg{border-color:#00327c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-dribbble{border-color:#ba1655}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-facebook{border-color:#1e2e4f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-flickr{border-color:#003576}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-github{border-color:#264874}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-google{border-color:#0b51c5}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-googleplus{border-color:#96271a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-html5{border-color:#902e13}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-instagram{border-color:#1630aa}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-linkedin{border-color:#00344f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-pinterest{border-color:#5b040e}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-reddit{border-color:#992900}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-rss{border-color:#a43b0a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-sharethis{border-color:#5d8420}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-skype{border-color:#00658a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-soundcloud{border-color:#995200}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-spotify{border-color:#0f612c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-stackoverflow{border-color:#a95009}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-steam{border-color:#006388}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-user_email{border-color:#b84e05}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-stumbleUpon{border-color:#9b280e}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-tumblr{border-color:#10151b}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-twitter{border-color:#0967a0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-vimeo{border-color:#0d7091}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-windows{border-color:#003f71}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-whatsapp{border-color:#003f71}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-wordpress{border-color:#0f3647}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-yahoo{border-color:#14002d}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-youtube{border-color:#900}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-xing{border-color:#000202}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-mixcloud{border-color:#2475a0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-vk{border-color:#243549}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-medium{border-color:#00452c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-quora{border-color:#420e00}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-meetup{border-color:#9b181c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-goodreads{border-color:#000}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-snapchat{border-color:#999700}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-500px{border-color:#00557f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-mastodont{border-color:#185886}.sabox-plus-item{margin-bottom:20px}@media screen and (max-width:480px){.saboxplugin-wrap{text-align:center}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:none;padding:20px 0;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;display:block}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img{float:none;display:inline-block;display:-moz-inline-stack;vertical-align:middle;zoom:1}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc{margin:0 10px 20px;text-align:center}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{text-align:center;margin:10px 0 20px}}body .saboxplugin-authorname a,body .saboxplugin-authorname a:hover{box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none}a.sab-profile-edit{font-size:16px!important;line-height:1!important}.sab-edit-settings a,a.sab-profile-edit{color:#0073aa!important;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.sab-edit-settings{margin-right:15px;position:absolute;right:0;z-index:2;bottom:10px;line-height:20px}.sab-edit-settings i{margin-left:5px}.saboxplugin-socials{line-height:1!important}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:right}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{display:flex;align-items:center}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname .sab-profile-edit{margin-right:10px}.rtl .sab-edit-settings{right:auto;left:0}img.sab-custom-avatar{max-width:75px;}.saboxplugin-wrap {margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding: 0px 0px }.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname {font-size:18px; line-height:25px;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc p, .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc {font-size:14px !important; line-height:21px !important;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web {font-size:14px;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg {width:18px;height:18px;}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cropped-2019-10-29_1838-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cropped-2019-10-29_1838-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cropped-2019-10-29_1838-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cropped-2019-10-29_1838-270x270.png" /> <link rel="stylesheet" id="et-divi-customizer-global-cached-inline-styles" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/et-cache/global/et-divi-customizer-global.min.css?ver=1730114757" /><link rel="stylesheet" id="et-core-unified-deferred-24642-cached-inline-styles" href="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/et-cache/24642/et-core-unified-deferred-24642.min.css?ver=1730205750" />   <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Notes From Poland"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Controversy over state commemoration of Polish anti-communist partisan accused of war crimes"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://notesfrompoland.com/2021/03/03/controversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes/"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The administrators of one building refused to allow the IPN to hang a banner honouring one of the "cursed soldiers"."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK.jpg"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-03-03T12:18:02+01:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-03-03T12:58:39+01:00" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2021-03-03T12:58:39+01:00" /> <meta property="article:section" content="History"/> <meta property="article:section" content="News"/> <meta property="article:section" content="Politics"/>   <meta name="twitter:title" content="Controversy over state commemoration of Polish anti-communist partisan accused of war crimes"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://notesfrompoland.com/2021/03/03/controversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes/"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The administrators of one building refused to allow the IPN to hang a banner honouring one of the "cursed soldiers"."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@danieltilles1"/>     </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-24642 single-format-standard give-divi et_monarch et_pb_button_helper_class et_fixed_nav et_show_nav et_pb_show_title et_primary_nav_dropdown_animation_fade et_secondary_nav_dropdown_animation_fade et_header_style_left et_pb_svg_logo et_pb_footer_columns3 et_cover_background et_pb_gutter linux et_pb_gutters2 et_right_sidebar et_divi_theme et-db"> <div id="page-container"> <header id="main-header" data-height-onload="130"> <div class="container clearfix et_menu_container"> <div class="logo_container"> <span class="logo_helper"></span> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/"> <img src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/logo-1.svg" alt="Notes From Poland" id="logo" data-height-percentage="70" /> </a> </div> <div id="et-top-navigation" data-height="130" data-fixed-height="40"> <nav id="top-menu-nav"> <ul id="top-menu" class="nav et_disable_top_tier"><li id="menu-item-340" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-340"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-333" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-333"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/insights/">Insights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13293" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13293"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/po-polsku/">Po polsku</a></li> <li id="menu-item-86" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-86"><a href="#">Topics</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-455" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-455"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/politics/">Politics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-454"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/society/">Society</a></li> <li id="menu-item-453" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-453"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/culture/">Culture</a></li> <li id="menu-item-456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-456"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/business/">Business</a></li> <li id="menu-item-452" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-452"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/history/">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34278" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34278"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/education/">Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34312"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/enerygy-climate/">Energy & Climate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34313" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34313"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/law/">Law</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34314" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34314"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/media/">Media</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-65273"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/defence/">Defence</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65274" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-65274"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/notes-from-pawland/">Notes from Pawland</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-41645" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-41645"><a href="#">Podcasts</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4973" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4973"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/podcast/">Notes from Poland Podcast</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41647" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41647"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/the-voicee-podcast/">The VoiCEE podcast</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-84" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-84"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/about-us/">About us</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2549" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2549"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/about-us/">Our story</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2548" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548"><a href="/about-us/#editor-team">Editorial team</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2552" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2552"><a href="/about-us/#ad-board">Advisory Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-69387" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-69387"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/editorial-and-diversity-policies/">Editorial and diversity policies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5226" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5226"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/notes-from-poland-foundation/">Notes from Poland Foundation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-812"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-40994" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-40994"><a href="#">Newsletters</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-40996" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40996"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/newsletter/">Notes from Poland Newsletter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-40995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40995"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/cee-newsletter/">Central and Eastern Europe Newsletter</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-41887" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-41887"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/notesfrompoland/"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/facebook.svg" alt="Facebook" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload"><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/facebook.svg" alt="Facebook"></noscript></a></li> <li id="menu-item-41888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-41888"><a href="https://twitter.com/notesfrompoland"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/twitter.svg" alt="Twitter" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload"><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/twitter.svg" alt="Twitter"></noscript></a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="et_top_search"> <span id="et_search_icon"></span> </div> <div id="et_mobile_nav_menu"> <div class="mobile_nav closed"> <span class="select_page">Select Page</span> <span class="mobile_menu_bar mobile_menu_bar_toggle"></span> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="et_search_outer"> <div class="container et_search_form_container"> <form role="search" method="get" class="et-search-form" action="https://notesfrompoland.com/"> <input type="search" class="et-search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" title="Search for:" /> </form> <span class="et_close_search_field"></span> </div> </div> </header>  <div id="et-main-area"> <div id="main-content"> <div class="container"> <div id="content-area" class="clearfix"> <div id="left-area"> <article id="post-24642" class="et_pb_post post-24642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history category-news category-politics tag-cursed-soldiers tag-lupaszko tag-zygmunt-szendzielarz"> <div class="et_post_meta_wrapper"> <h1 class="entry-title">Controversy over state commemoration of Polish anti-communist partisan accused of war crimes</h1> <p class="post-meta"><span class="published">Mar 3, 2021</span> | <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/history/" rel="category tag">History</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a></p><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK-1080x675.jpg" alt="" width="1080" height="675" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK-1080x675.jpg 1080w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK-980x735.jpg 980w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK-480x360.jpg 480w" data-sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1080px, 100vw" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1080px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1080/675;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK-1080x675.jpg" alt="" class="" width="1080" height="675" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK-1080x675.jpg 1080w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK-980x735.jpg 980w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5_Brygada_Wilenska_AK-480x360.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1080px, 100vw" /></noscript> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="et_social_inline et_social_mobile_on et_social_inline_top"> <div class="et_social_networks et_social_6col et_social_slide et_social_circle et_social_left et_social_no_animation et_social_nospace et_social_outer_dark"> <ul class="et_social_icons_container"><li class="et_social_facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&t=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="facebook" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_facebook"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/share?text=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="twitter" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_twitter"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_pinterest"> <a href="#" class="et_social_share_pinterest" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="pinterest" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_pinterest"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_reddit"> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&title=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="reddit" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_reddit"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_linkedin"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&title=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="linkedin" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_linkedin"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_stumbleupon"> <a href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&title=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="stumbleupon" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_stumbleupon"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li></ul> </div> </div><p>There was renewed controversy this week over the commemoration of a Polish anti-communist resistance fighter accused of war crimes. The administrator of an apartment block refused to allow a banner in his honour to be hung, meaning it had to be relocated.</p> <p>Monday was the National Day of Remembrance of the Cursed Soldiers, honouring underground partisans who resisted the introduction of communism in Poland after World War Two. They were brutally suppressed by the security services, with many tortured and executed.</p> <p>Among the “cursed soldiers” (<em>żolnierze wyklęci)</em> are many widely admired figures, such as Witold Pilecki, who during the war deliberately had himself imprisoned at Auschwitz to gather intelligence and organise resistance in the camp. Later, he opposed the imposition of communism, resulting in his execution in 1948.</p> <div class='et_post_video'> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true"> <p lang="en" dir="ltr">The <a href="https://twitter.com/washingtonpost?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@washingtonpost</a> on Witold Pilecki: "the Polish hero who volunteered to go to Auschwitz and warned the world about the Nazi death machine", but was then "tortured and executed as an enemy of the state" by the postwar communist authorities <a href="https://t.co/1jkz9hCOgM">https://t.co/1jkz9hCOgM</a></p> <p>— Notes from Poland 🇵🇱 (@notesfrompoland) <a href="https://twitter.com/notesfrompoland/status/1221461536943886336?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 26, 2020</a></p></blockquote> <p><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div> <p>Some of the cursed soldiers, however, are accused of involvement in war crimes against civilian populations, including Poland’s ethnic minorities. One such figure is Zygmunt Szendzielarz, who went by the <em>nom de guerre</em> “Łupaszko”.</p> <p>In 1944, a unit he commanded – the Home Army 5th Wilno Brigade – attacked the village of Dubinki (now Dubingiai in Lithuania) as a reprisal for the massacre of ethnic Polish civilians by a Lithuanian battalion that operated under the authority of the Nazi-German occupier.</p> <p>Szendzielarz’s unit killed dozens of Lithuanian civilians in Dubinki and other settlements, 75% of them women and children, according to research by Paweł Rokicki, a historian from Poland’s state-run Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). There is “no doubt that it was a war crime “, wrote Rokicki in 2015.</p> <div class='et_post_video'> <blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="QGOCCQKuUJ"><p><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/02/24/an-unwanted-march-polish-nationalists-honour-anti-communist-partisans-accused-of-war-crimes/">An unwanted march: Polish nationalists honour anti-communist partisans accused of war crimes</a></p></blockquote> <p><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="“An unwanted march: Polish nationalists honour anti-communist partisans accused of war crimes” — Notes From Poland" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/02/24/an-unwanted-march-polish-nationalists-honour-anti-communist-partisans-accused-of-war-crimes/embed/#?secret=QGOCCQKuUJ" data-secret="QGOCCQKuUJ" width="600" height="338" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></div> <p>But many in Poland – particularly on the political right – regard Szendzielarz as a hero for his role in fighting the wartime German occupiers and postwar communist authorities, who executed him in 1951. They often argue that the reputation of the cursed soldiers was deliberately and falsely tarnished by the communists.</p> <p>“The communists considered Szendzielarz as one of their greatest opponents,” said Piotr Niwiński, a historian at the University of Gdańsk, quoted by the Polish Press Agency (PAP). “[So] they tried to annihilate him not only physically but also through propaganda, blaming him for many crimes.”</p> <p>In 2007, president Lech Kaczyński posthumously awarded him the Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. In 2016, the current, president, Andrzej Duda participated in a funeral ceremony during which Szendzielarz’s recovered remains were reburied at Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw.</p> <div class='et_post_video'> <blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="Ab5VkKFZyF"><p><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/03/02/poles-should-be-willing-to-die-for-their-country-like-the-cursed-soldiers-says-pm/">Poles should be willing to die for their country like the “cursed soldiers”, says PM</a></p></blockquote> <p><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="“Poles should be willing to die for their country like the “cursed soldiers”, says PM” — Notes From Poland" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/03/02/poles-should-be-willing-to-die-for-their-country-like-the-cursed-soldiers-says-pm/embed/#?secret=Ab5VkKFZyF" data-secret="Ab5VkKFZyF" width="600" height="338" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></div> <p>Among those that now honour Szendzielarz is the IPN itself, which has been <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/11/30/we-had-to-rewrite-history-how-poland-is-using-games-to-shape-historical-memory/">under the influence</a> of the ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party since its return to power in 2015. This week, the IPN hung a large banner of Szendzielarz from a building in the northeastern city of Olsztyn.</p> <p>“In this way, the IPN and patriotic groups in Olsztyn want to honour the memory of the soldiers of the anti-communist underground…[who were] murdered during the struggle for a free Poland,” said Paweł Warot, head of the local IPN delegation, while unveiling the banner.</p> <p>Warot admitted, however, that the building on which it was hung had not been their first choice. A residential apartment block had been chosen, but the cooperative that runs it refused permission.</p> <p>“We had problems hanging it there,” Warot told Radio Olsztyn. “For some, history is associated with politics and they make politics out of everything.”</p> <div class='et_post_video'> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true"> <p lang="und" dir="ltr"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Olsztyn?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Olsztyn</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/historia?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#historia</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/zo%C5%82nierzewykleci?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#zołnierzewykleci</a> <a href="https://t.co/PRdpT5NG1g">https://t.co/PRdpT5NG1g</a></p> <p>— Olsztyn.com.pl (@olsztyncompl) <a href="https://twitter.com/olsztyncompl/status/1366680066768388096?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 2, 2021</a></p></blockquote> <p><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div> <p>A similar situation occurred in the city of Białystok last year, when some residents protested after the IPN and the head of the provincial government, who is from PiS, erected the same large banner of Szendzielarz on their building.</p> <p>“There is no place for such posters in Białystok,” said local MP Krzysztof Truskolaski, from the centrist opposition Civic Platform (PO) party, quoted by TOK FM. “Łupaszko’s units terrorised entire communities, killed civilians. This antihero should never [be] glorified.”</p> <p>In the town of Hajnówka, also in Poland’s north-east, an annual nationalist parade in memory of the cursed soldiers has <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/02/24/an-unwanted-march-polish-nationalists-honour-anti-communist-partisans-accused-of-war-crimes/">drawn protests</a> for honouring figures responsible for war crimes against the area’s ethnic Belarusian civilian population.</p> <div class='et_post_video'> <blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="NxLzxED16l"><p><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2021/02/12/israel-protests-appointment-of-former-far-right-activist-to-head-polish-state-history-body/">Israel protests appointment of former far-right activist to head Polish state history body</a></p></blockquote> <p><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="“Israel protests appointment of former far-right activist to head Polish state history body” — Notes From Poland" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/2021/02/12/israel-protests-appointment-of-former-far-right-activist-to-head-polish-state-history-body/embed/#?secret=NxLzxED16l" data-secret="NxLzxED16l" width="600" height="338" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></div> <p>Last month, when President Duda laid a wreath at Szendzielarz’s tomb on the anniversary of his death, he was criticised by a left-wing opposition MP, Anna-Maria Żukowska, who accused him of “venerating a murderer of women and children”.</p> <p>Żukowska was part of a group of left-wing activists who on Monday this week expressed opposition to the National Day of Remembrance of the Cursed Soldiers. At a street named in honour of the cursed soldiers, they hung a sign calling it “Victims of the Cursed Soldiers Street”.</p> <p>Żukowska said that “heroes” like Pilecki and General <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2019/11/04/dispute-over-decision-to-change-name-of-street-honouring-wwii-resistance-leader-executed-by-communists/">Emil August Fieldorf</a> should not be “put in one bag” with “criminals like Łupaszko”, reports <em>Do Rzeczy</em>.</p> <div class='et_post_video'> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true"> <p lang="pl" dir="ltr">Prezydent czci mordercę kobiet i dzieci, zbrodniarza wojennego.<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Pami%C4%99tamy?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Pamiętamy</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Dubniki?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Dubniki</a> <a href="https://t.co/XT2WNN6K8C">https://t.co/XT2WNN6K8C</a></p> <p>— Anna-Maria Żukowska 💁🏻‍♀️ #Lewica ↙️↙️↙️🏳️‍🌈☮️ (@AM_Zukowska) <a href="https://twitter.com/AM_Zukowska/status/1359059101733560322?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 9, 2021</a></p></blockquote> <p><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div> <p><em>Main image credit: Wikimedia Commons (public domain)</em></p> <div class="et_social_inline et_social_mobile_on et_social_inline_bottom"> <div class="et_social_networks et_social_6col et_social_slide et_social_circle et_social_left et_social_no_animation et_social_nospace et_social_outer_dark"> <ul class="et_social_icons_container"><li class="et_social_facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&t=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="facebook" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_facebook"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/share?text=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="twitter" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_twitter"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_pinterest"> <a href="#" class="et_social_share_pinterest" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="pinterest" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_pinterest"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_reddit"> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&title=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="reddit" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_reddit"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_linkedin"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&title=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="linkedin" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_linkedin"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li><li class="et_social_stumbleupon"> <a href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&title=Controversy%20over%20state%20commemoration%20of%20Polish%20anti-communist%20partisan%20accused%20of%20war%20crimes" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="stumbleupon" data-post_id="24642" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_stumbleupon"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a> </li></ul> </div> </div><div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"><img decoding="async" data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/6s83J95K_400x400.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" itemprop="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/6s83J95K_400x400.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" itemprop="image"></noscript></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/author/daniel/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Daniel Tilles</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><p>Daniel Tilles is editor-in-chief of <i>Notes from Poland</i>. He has written on Polish affairs for a wide range of publications, including <i>Foreign Policy</i>, <i>POLITICO Europe</i>, <i>EUobserver</i> and <i>Dziennik Gazeta Prawna</i>.</p> </div></div><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="saboxplugin-socials "><a title="Twitter" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/danieltilles1" rel="nofollow noopener" class="saboxplugin-icon-grey"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="sab-twitter" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="et_post_meta_wrapper"> </div> </article> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <div id="custom_html-7" class="widget_text widget et_pb_widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><h3> Latest news </h3> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_blog_0 latest-news et_pb_posts et_pb_bg_layout_light "> <div class="et_pb_ajax_pagination_container"> <article id="post-73142" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_0_0 post-73142 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-education category-law category-news category-politics category-society tag-constitutional-tribunal tag-religion tag-school tag-tk"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/27/constitutional-court-rejects-polish-governments-change-to-teaching-of-religion-in-schools/"> Constitutional court rejects Polish government’s change to teaching of religion in schools </a> </h2> <p class="post-meta"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/education/" rel="tag">Education</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/law/" rel="tag">Law</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/news/" rel="tag">News</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/politics/" rel="tag">Politics</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/society/" rel="tag">Society</a></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner"><p>The government is likely to ignore the ruling as it regards the court as an unlawful body in its current form.</p> </div></div> </article> <article id="post-73087" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_0_1 post-73087 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-business category-law category-news category-politics tag-france tag-mercosur tag-poland tag-trade-deal"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/26/poland-will-not-support-eu-mercosur-free-trade-deal-in-current-form/"> Poland will not support EU-Mercosur free trade deal in current form </a> </h2> <p class="post-meta"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/business/" rel="tag">Business</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/law/" rel="tag">Law</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/news/" rel="tag">News</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/politics/" rel="tag">Politics</a></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner"><p>France is also opposed to the agreement with South American countries.</p> </div></div> </article> <article id="post-73078" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_0_2 post-73078 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-culture category-media category-news tag-academy-awards tag-award tag-documentary tag-film tag-pianoforte"> <h2 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/26/polish-film-pianoforte-wins-international-emmy/"> Polish film Pianoforte wins international Emmy </a> </h2> <p class="post-meta"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/culture/" rel="tag">Culture</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/media/" rel="tag">Media</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/news/" rel="tag">News</a></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner"><p>It is the first Polish documentary to win the award.</p> </div></div> </article> </div> </div> <a class="et_pb_button" href="/category/news/">MORE NEWS</a></div></div><div id="custom_html-4" class="widget_text widget et_pb_widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><h3>You may also like</h3> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_blog_1 three-grid one-grid et_pb_posts et_pb_bg_layout_light "> <div class="et_pb_ajax_pagination_container"> <article id="post-72994" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_blog_item_1_0 post-72994 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-hot-news category-news category-politics tag-civic-platform tag-donald-tusk tag-ko tag-po tag-presidential-elections tag-radoslaw-sikorski tag-rafal-trzaskowski"> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/23/main-polish-ruling-party-names-rafal-trzaskowski-as-presidential-candidate-after-primary-election/" class="entry-featured-image-url"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SK241123_0451459a-1080x675.jpg" alt="Main Polish ruling party names Rafał Trzaskowski as presidential candidate after primary election" width="1080" height="675" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SK241123_0451459a-980x653.jpg 980w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SK241123_0451459a-480x320.jpg 480w" data-sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1080px, 100vw" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1080px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1080/675;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SK241123_0451459a-1080x675.jpg" alt="Main Polish ruling party names Rafał Trzaskowski as presidential candidate after primary election" class="" width="1080" height="675" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SK241123_0451459a-980x653.jpg 980w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SK241123_0451459a-480x320.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1080px, 100vw" /></noscript></a> <h2 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/23/main-polish-ruling-party-names-rafal-trzaskowski-as-presidential-candidate-after-primary-election/"> Main Polish ruling party names Rafał Trzaskowski as presidential candidate after primary election </a> </h2> <p class="post-meta"><span class="published">Nov 23, 2024</span> | <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/hot-news/" rel="tag">Hot news</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/news/" rel="tag">News</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/politics/" rel="tag">Politics</a></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Warsaw mayor Trzaskowski is regarded as representing the more socially liberal wing of the centrist Civic Platform (PO).</p> </div></div> </article> <article id="post-72961" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_blog_item_1_1 post-72961 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-business category-culture category-hot-news category-news tag-andrzej-sapkowski tag-book tag-literature tag-the-witcher tag-wiedzmin"> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/22/release-date-and-title-of-new-witcher-book-announced/" class="entry-featured-image-url"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Andrzej_Sapkowski_Le_Sorceleur_The_Witcher_-_33432931916-1080x675.jpg" alt="Release date and title of new Witcher book announced" width="1080" height="675" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Andrzej_Sapkowski_Le_Sorceleur_The_Witcher_-_33432931916-980x581.jpg 980w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Andrzej_Sapkowski_Le_Sorceleur_The_Witcher_-_33432931916-480x285.jpg 480w" data-sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1080px, 100vw" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1080px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1080/675;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Andrzej_Sapkowski_Le_Sorceleur_The_Witcher_-_33432931916-1080x675.jpg" alt="Release date and title of new Witcher book announced" class="" width="1080" height="675" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Andrzej_Sapkowski_Le_Sorceleur_The_Witcher_-_33432931916-980x581.jpg 980w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Andrzej_Sapkowski_Le_Sorceleur_The_Witcher_-_33432931916-480x285.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1080px, 100vw" /></noscript></a> <h2 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/22/release-date-and-title-of-new-witcher-book-announced/"> Release date and title of new Witcher book announced </a> </h2> <p class="post-meta"><span class="published">Nov 22, 2024</span> | <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/business/" rel="tag">Business</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/culture/" rel="tag">Culture</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/hot-news/" rel="tag">Hot news</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/news/" rel="tag">News</a></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Polish author Andrzej Sapkowski’s fantasy books have spawned a hugely successful video game franchise and Netflix show.</p> </div></div> </article> <article id="post-72907" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_blog_item_1_2 post-72907 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-hot-news category-law category-news category-society tag-abuse tag-bishops tag-catholic tag-church"> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/21/polands-catholic-bishops-hold-historic-meeting-with-sex-abuse-victims/" class="entry-featured-image-url"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/54150998122_687ef596ec_k-1080x675.jpg" alt="Poland’s Catholic bishops hold “historic” meeting with sex abuse victims" width="1080" height="675" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/54150998122_687ef596ec_k-980x653.jpg 980w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/54150998122_687ef596ec_k-480x320.jpg 480w" data-sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1080px, 100vw" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1080px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1080/675;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/54150998122_687ef596ec_k-1080x675.jpg" alt="Poland’s Catholic bishops hold “historic” meeting with sex abuse victims" class="" width="1080" height="675" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/54150998122_687ef596ec_k-980x653.jpg 980w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/54150998122_687ef596ec_k-480x320.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1080px, 100vw" /></noscript></a> <h2 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/21/polands-catholic-bishops-hold-historic-meeting-with-sex-abuse-victims/"> Poland’s Catholic bishops hold “historic” meeting with sex abuse victims </a> </h2> <p class="post-meta"><span class="published">Nov 21, 2024</span> | <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/hot-news/" rel="tag">Hot news</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/law/" rel="tag">Law</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/news/" rel="tag">News</a>, <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/society/" rel="tag">Society</a></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>The church must understand “the harm suffered by certain brothers of ours”, says its delegate for the protection of children and young people.</p> </div></div> </article> </div> </div> <a class="et_pb_button" href="/category/hot-news/">MORE HOT NEWS</a></div></div><div id="custom_html-5" class="widget_text widget et_pb_widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_cta_0 less-padding et_pb_promo et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_promo_description"><h2 class="et_pb_module_header">We can only do this thanks to your support!</h2><div><p>We are an independent, nonprofit media outlet, funded through the support of our readers.</p> <p>If you appreciate the work we do, please consider helping us to continue and expand it.</p></div></div> <div class="et_pb_button_wrapper"><a class="et_pb_button et_pb_promo_button" href="/donations/support-us/">SUPPORT US!</a></div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <footer id="main-footer"> <div class="container"> <div id="footer-widgets" class="clearfix"> <div class="footer-widget"><div id="custom_html-3" class="widget_text widget fwidget et_pb_widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div class="et_pb_with_border et_pb_module et_pb_blurb et_pb_blurb_0 stopkowa et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_top_phone"> <div class="et_pb_blurb_content"> <div class="et_pb_main_blurb_image"><span class="et_pb_image_wrap et_pb_only_image_mode_wrap"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/logo_stopka.svg" alt="" class="et-waypoint et_pb_animation_top et_pb_animation_top_tablet et_pb_animation_top_phone wp-image-1421 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/logo_stopka.svg" alt="" class="et-waypoint et_pb_animation_top et_pb_animation_top_tablet et_pb_animation_top_phone wp-image-1421" /></noscript></span></div> <div class="et_pb_blurb_container"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header"><span>FUNDACJA NOTES FROM POLAND</span></h4> <div class="et_pb_blurb_description"><p>Chocimska 7 / 8<br />30-057 Kraków, Poland<br />NIP: 677 243 97 04<br />KRS: 0000758506</p> <p><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#27444849534644536769485342544155484a77484b4649430944484a"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="76151918021715023638190213051004191b26191a1718125815191b">[email protected]</span></a></p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="footer-widget"><div id="text-3" class="widget fwidget et_pb_widget widget_text"><h4 class="title">Topics</h4> <div class="textwidget"><ul> <li><a href="/category/news/">NEWS</a></li> <li><a href="/category/insights/">INSIGHTS</a></li> <li><a href="/category/politics/">POLITICS</a></li> <li><a href="/category/society">SOCIETY</a></li> <li><a href="/category/culture">CULTURE</a></li> <li><a href="/category/business">BUSINESS</a></li> <li><a href="/category/editors-pick">EDITOR’S PICK</a></li> <li><a href="/category/readers-choice">READER’S CHOICE</a></li> <li><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/category/po-polsku/">PO POLSKU</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></div><div class="footer-widget"></div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-bottom"> <div class="container clearfix">  <p id="footer-info">Copyright © 2024 <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/" rel="home">Notes From Poland</a> | <em>Design <a target="_blank" title="" href="https://malgorzatajurko.pl/">jurko studio</a></em> | Code by <a target="_blank" href="https://2sides.pl">2sides.pl</a></p> </div>  </div> </footer>  </div>  </div>  <div id="pum-71211" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay click_open" data-popmake="{"id":71211,"slug":"call-for-donations","theme_id":67,"cookies":[{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-71211","key":"","session":null,"path":null,"time":"1 month"}}],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":""}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"small","responsive_min_width":"20%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"100px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":"1","location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"10","position_bottom":"10","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"left bottom","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":false,"esc_press":false,"f4_press":false},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-71211" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-small responsive size-small"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-57162 lazyload" data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/support.png" alt="" width="275" height="97" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 275px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 275/97;" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-57162" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/support.png" alt="" width="275" height="97" /></noscript><br /> Notes from Poland is run by a <a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/about-us/#editor-team">small editorial team</a> and published by an independent, non-profit foundation that is funded through donations from our readers. We cannot do what we do without your support.<br /> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://donorbox.org/widget.js" paypalExpress="false"></script></p> <p><iframe style="max-width: 500px; min-width: 250px; max-height: none!important;" src="https://donorbox.org/embed/donation-form-248" name="donorbox" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" seamless="seamless"></iframe></p> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-674" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":674,"slug":"paulina-2","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#paulina"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-674" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_0 et_section_regular" > <div class="et_pb_row et_pb_row_0"> <div class="et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column_0 et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et-last-child"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_text et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_text_inner"><div dir="ltr"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-22700 alignnone size-thumbnail aligncenter lazyload" data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IMG_3781-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 150px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 150/150;" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-22700 alignnone size-thumbnail aligncenter" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IMG_3781-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></noscript></div> <div dir="ltr"> </div> <div dir="ltr"> </div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #40b88a;">Paulina Olszanka</span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Solutions journalism project manager</strong></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;"> </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;"> Paulina is a journalist and writer with a background in anthropology, social theory & political economy. She has worked for <em>Fairfax Media</em>, <em>the Polish Press Agency, the Guardian </em>and<em> De Volkskrant</em></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;"> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-1327" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":1327,"slug":"agata","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#agata"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-1327" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_1 et_section_regular" > <div class="et_pb_row et_pb_row_1"> <div class="et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column_1 et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et-last-child"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_0 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/agata.png" alt="Agata Gostyńska-Jakubowska" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/agata.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/agata-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/agata-150x150.png 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1325 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 261px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 261/261;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/agata.png" alt="Agata Gostyńska-Jakubowska" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/agata.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/agata-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/agata-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1325" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Agata Gostyńska-Jakubowska</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">advisory board member</p> <div><p>Senior Research Fellow at the Global Europe Centre, University of Kent.</p> <p><a href="/author/agata-gostynska-jakubowska/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-8353" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay click_open" data-popmake="{"id":8353,"slug":"weronika-strzyzynska","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#percy"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"800%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":false,"esc_press":false,"f4_press":false},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-8353" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_2 et_section_regular" > <div class="et_pb_row et_pb_row_2"> <div class="et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column_2 et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et-last-child"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_text et_pb_text_1 et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-19802 aligncenter lazyload" data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/weronika-300x216.jpeg" alt="" width="194" height="139" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 194px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 194/139;" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-19802 aligncenter" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/weronika-300x216.jpeg" alt="" width="194" height="139" /></noscript></p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #69dca4;">Weronika Strzyżyńska</span></h3> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>contributing editorial assistant </strong></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Weronika Strzyżyńska is currently studying journalism at Goldsmiths as a Scott Trust Bursary recipient. She has written on issues immigration and Brexit for <em>New Statesman</em> and<em> Prospect</em></p> <p style="text-align: center;">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-10077" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay click_open" data-popmake="{"id":10077,"slug":"agnieszka-wadolowska","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#Agnieszka"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"100","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":false,"esc_press":false,"f4_press":false},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-10077" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_3 et_section_regular" > <div class="et_pb_row et_pb_row_3"> <div class="et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column_3 et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et-last-child"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_text et_pb_text_2 et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-10067 aligncenter lazyload" data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Agnieszka-Wądołowska-915x1024.jpg" alt="" width="110" height="123" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 110px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 110/123;" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-10067 aligncenter" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Agnieszka-Wądołowska-915x1024.jpg" alt="" width="110" height="123" /></noscript></p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #69dca4;">Agnieszka Wądołowska</span></h3> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>managing editor</strong></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Agnieszka Wądołowska is managing editor of Notes from Poland. She has previously worked for Gazeta.pl and Tokfm.pl and contributed to<em> Gazeta Wyborcza</em>, <em>Wysokie Obcasy, Duży Format, Midrasz</em> and <em>Kultura Liberalna”</em></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://notesfrompoland.com/?s=Agnieszka+W%C4%85do%C5%82owska+"><span style="color: #000000;">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</span></a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-8320" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay click_open" data-popmake="{"id":8320,"slug":"juliette-bretan","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#Juliette"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"100","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":false,"esc_press":false,"f4_press":false},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-8320" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_1 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Juliette-Bretan-2-1-e1582192397212.png" alt="Juliette Bretan" class="wp-image-8327 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 225px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 225/160;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Juliette-Bretan-2-1-e1582192397212.png" alt="Juliette Bretan" class="wp-image-8327" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Juliette Bretan</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">contributing writer</p> <div><div style="text-align: center;">Juliette Bretan is a freelance journalist covering Polish and Eastern European current affairs and culture. Her work has featured on the BBC World Service, and in CityMetric, The Independent, Ozy, New Eastern Europe and Culture.pl.</div> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/author/juliette-bretan/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> <ul class="et_pb_member_social_links"><li><a href="https://twitter.com/JCBretan?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" class="et_pb_font_icon et_pb_twitter_icon"><span>X</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-78" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":78,"slug":"daniel","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#daniel"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"800px","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-78" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_2 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/daniel.png" alt="Daniel Tilles" class="wp-image-74 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 262px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 262/161;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/daniel.png" alt="Daniel Tilles" class="wp-image-74" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Daniel Tilles</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">editor-in-chief</p> <div><p>Daniel Tilles is editor-in-chief of <i>Notes from Poland</i> and assistant professor of history at the Pedagogical University of Krakow. He has written on Polish affairs for a wide range of publications, including <i>Foreign Policy</i>, <i>POLITICO Europe</i>, <i>The Independent</i> and <i>Dziennik Gazeta Prawna</i>.</p> <p><a href="/author/daniel/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> <ul class="et_pb_member_social_links"><li><a href="http://@DanielTilles" class="et_pb_font_icon et_pb_twitter_icon"><span>X</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-643" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":643,"slug":"stanley","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#stanley"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-643" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_3 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/stanley.gif" alt="Stanley Bill " class="wp-image-641 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 262px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 262/162;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/stanley.gif" alt="Stanley Bill " class="wp-image-641" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Stanley Bill </h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">founder, editor-at-large</p> <div><p>Stanley Bill is the founder and editor-at-large of Notes from Poland.<br />He is also Senior Lecturer in Polish Studies and Director of the Polish Studies Programme at the University of Cambridge, where he works on Polish culture, politics and history.</p> <p>Stanley has spent more than ten years living in Poland, mostly based in Kraków and Bielsko-Biała. He founded Notes from Poland in 2014 as a blog dedicated to personal impressions, cultural analysis and political commentary. He is committed to the promotion of deeper knowledge and understanding of Poland.</p> <p>He is the Chair of the Board of the Notes from Poland Foundation.</p> <p><a href="/author/sbill/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> </div> </div> <p> </p> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-684" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":684,"slug":"monika","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#monika"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-684" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_4 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Maria-Wilczek-1.1-150x150.jpg" alt="Maria Wilczek" class="wp-image-7247 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 150px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 150/150;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Maria-Wilczek-1.1-150x150.jpg" alt="Maria Wilczek" class="wp-image-7247" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Maria Wilczek</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">deputy editor</p> <div><div>Maria Wilczek is deputy editor of Notes from Poland. She also contributes regularly to The Economist and Al Jazeera, and has also written for The Times, Politico Europe, The Spectator and Gazeta Wyborcza.<wbr /> She was previously Marjorie Deane fellow at The Economist in London (2018) and a business consultant at the Boston Consulting Group in Warsaw. Maria is a graduate of the University of Oxford and a student at the Polish School of Literary Reportage.</div> <div> </div> <div><a href="/author/maria-wilczek/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-1257" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":1257,"slug":"ben","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#ben"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-1257" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_5 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ben.png" alt="Ben Koschalka" class="wp-image-1255 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 262px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 262/162;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ben.png" alt="Ben Koschalka" class="wp-image-1255" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Ben Koschalka</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">assistant editor</p> <div><div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="saboxplugin-desc"> <div> <div>Ben Koschalka is a translator and the assistant editor at <em>Notes from Poland</em>. Originally from Britain, he has lived in Kraków since 2005.</div> </div> </div> </div> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/author/ben-koschalka/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-1294" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":1294,"slug":"norman","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#norman"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-1294" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_6 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/norman.png" alt="Norman Davies" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/norman.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/norman-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/norman-150x150.png 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1292 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 261px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 261/261;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/norman.png" alt="Norman Davies" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/norman.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/norman-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/norman-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1292" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Norman Davies</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">advisory board member</p> <div>UNESCO Professor at the Jagiellonian University and Professor Emeritus at University College London</p> <p><a href="/author/norman-davies/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-1308" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":1308,"slug":"timothy","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#timothy"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-1308" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_7 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/timothy.png" alt="Timothy Garton Ash" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/timothy.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/timothy-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/timothy-150x150.png 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1306 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 261px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 261/261;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/timothy.png" alt="Timothy Garton Ash" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/timothy.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/timothy-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/timothy-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1306" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Timothy Garton Ash</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">advisory board member</p> <div><p>Professor of European Studies at Oxford University</p> <p><a href="/author/timothy-garton-ash/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-1319" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":1319,"slug":"andrzej","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#andrzej"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-1319" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_8 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/andrze.png" alt="Andrzej Nowak" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/andrze.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/andrze-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/andrze-150x150.png 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1317 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 261px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 261/261;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/andrze.png" alt="Andrzej Nowak" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/andrze.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/andrze-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/andrze-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1317" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Andrzej Nowak</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">advisory board member</p> <div><p>Professor at the Institute of History of the Jagiellonian University</p> <p><a href="/author/andrzej-nowak/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> <ul class="et_pb_member_social_links"><li><a href="https://twitter.com" class="et_pb_font_icon et_pb_twitter_icon"><span>X</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-1336" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":1336,"slug":"shana","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#shana"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-1336" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_9 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shana.png" alt=" Shana Penn" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shana.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shana-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shana-150x150.png 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1334 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 261px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 261/261;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shana.png" alt=" Shana Penn" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shana.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shana-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/shana-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1334" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header"> Shana Penn</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">advisory board member</p> <div><p>Executive Director of Taube Family Foundation</p> <p><a href="/author/shana-penn/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-1344" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":1344,"slug":"pawel","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#pawel"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-1344" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_10 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pawel.png" alt=" Paweł Kowal" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pawel.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pawel-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pawel-150x150.png 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1341 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 261px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 261/261;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pawel.png" alt=" Paweł Kowal" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pawel.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pawel-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/pawel-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1341" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header"> Paweł Kowal</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">advisory board member</p> <div><p> Associate Professor at the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Science, member of the Polish parliaments</p> <p><a href="/author/pawel-kowal/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-1301" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay pum-click-to-close click_open" data-popmake="{"id":1301,"slug":"olga","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#olga"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"20","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":"1","esc_press":"1","f4_press":"1"},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-1301" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_11 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/olga.png" alt="Olga Tokarczuk" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/olga.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/olga-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/olga-150x150.png 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1299 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 261px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 261/261;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/olga.png" alt="Olga Tokarczuk" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/olga.png 261w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/olga-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/olga-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" class="wp-image-1299" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Olga Tokarczuk</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">advisory board member</p> <div><div>Author, winner of 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature </div> <p><a href="/author/olga-tokarczuk/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div id="pum-692" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-67 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay click_open" data-popmake="{"id":692,"slug":"siobhan","theme_id":67,"cookies":[],"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#siobhan"}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"100","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":false,"esc_press":false,"f4_press":false},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-692" class="pum-container popmake theme-67 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_team_member et_pb_team_member_12 clearfix et_pb_text_align_center et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_team_member_image et-waypoint et_pb_animation_off"><img data-src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sioban.png" alt="Sioban Doucette" data-srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sioban.png 200w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sioban-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sioban-150x150.png 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" class="wp-image-672 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 200px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 200/199;" /><noscript><img src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sioban.png" alt="Sioban Doucette" srcset="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sioban.png 200w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sioban-100x100.png 100w, https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sioban-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" class="wp-image-672" /></noscript></div> <div class="et_pb_team_member_description"> <h4 class="et_pb_module_header">Sioban Doucette</h4> <p class="et_pb_member_position">author</p> <div><div>Siobhan Doucette is a historian whose work focuses the opposition movement in Communist Poland. Her first book, <em>Books Are Weapons: The Polish Opposition Press and the Overthrow of Communism</em>, is available from University of Pittsburgh Press. It focuses on the Polish independent publishing movement from 1976 to 1989. </div> <div> </div> <p><a href="/author/sdoucette/">ARTICLES BY THIS AUTHOR</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div> <div class="et_social_pin_images_outer"> <div class="et_social_pinterest_window"> <div class="et_social_modal_header"><h3>Pin It on Pinterest</h3><span class="et_social_close"></span></div> <div class="et_social_pin_images" data-permalink="https://notesfrompoland.com/2021/03/03/controversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes/" data-title="Controversy over state commemoration of Polish anti-communist partisan accused of war crimes" data-post_id="24642"></div> </div> </div> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5PXNNL4D" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="latacz"> <a href="/donations/support-us/">Support us!</a> </div> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="give-donation-summary-script-frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var GiveDonationSummaryData = {"currencyPrecisionLookup":{"USD":2,"EUR":2,"GBP":2,"AUD":2,"BRL":2,"CAD":2,"CZK":2,"DKK":2,"HKD":2,"HUF":2,"ILS":2,"JPY":0,"MYR":2,"MXN":2,"MAD":2,"NZD":2,"NOK":2,"PHP":2,"PLN":2,"SGD":2,"KRW":0,"ZAR":2,"SEK":2,"CHF":2,"TWD":2,"THB":2,"INR":2,"TRY":2,"IRR":2,"RUB":2,"AED":2,"AMD":2,"ANG":2,"ARS":2,"AWG":2,"BAM":2,"BDT":2,"BHD":3,"BMD":2,"BND":2,"BOB":2,"BSD":2,"BWP":2,"BZD":2,"CLP":0,"CNY":2,"COP":2,"CRC":2,"CUC":2,"CUP":2,"DOP":2,"EGP":2,"GIP":2,"GTQ":2,"HNL":2,"HRK":2,"IDR":2,"ISK":0,"JMD":2,"JOD":2,"KES":2,"KWD":2,"KYD":2,"MKD":2,"NPR":2,"OMR":3,"PEN":2,"PKR":2,"RON":2,"SAR":2,"SZL":2,"TOP":2,"TZS":2,"UAH":2,"UYU":2,"VEF":2,"XCD":2,"AFN":2,"ALL":2,"AOA":2,"AZN":2,"BBD":2,"BGN":2,"BIF":0,"XBT":8,"BTN":1,"BYR":2,"BYN":2,"CDF":2,"CVE":2,"DJF":0,"DZD":2,"ERN":2,"ETB":2,"FJD":2,"FKP":2,"GEL":2,"GGP":2,"GHS":2,"GMD":2,"GNF":0,"GYD":2,"HTG":2,"IMP":2,"IQD":2,"IRT":2,"JEP":2,"KGS":2,"KHR":0,"KMF":2,"KPW":0,"KZT":2,"LAK":0,"LBP":2,"LKR":0,"LRD":2,"LSL":2,"LYD":3,"MDL":2,"MGA":0,"MMK":2,"MNT":2,"MOP":2,"MRO":2,"MUR":2,"MVR":1,"MWK":2,"MZN":0,"NAD":2,"NGN":2,"NIO":2,"PAB":2,"PGK":2,"PRB":2,"PYG":2,"QAR":2,"RSD":2,"RWF":2,"SBD":2,"SCR":2,"SDG":2,"SHP":2,"SLL":2,"SOS":2,"SRD":2,"SSP":2,"STD":2,"SYP":2,"TJS":2,"TMT":2,"TND":3,"TTD":2,"UGX":2,"UZS":2,"VND":1,"VUV":0,"WST":2,"XAF":2,"XOF":2,"XPF":2,"YER":2,"ZMW":2},"recurringLabelLookup":[]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/give/assets/dist/js/give-donation-summary.js?ver=3.12.3" id="give-donation-summary-script-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/monarch/js/idle-timer.min.js?ver=1.4.14" id="et_monarch-idle-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="et_monarch-custom-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var monarchSettings = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","pageurl":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/2021\/03\/03\/controversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes\/","stats_nonce":"b836ccd701","share_counts":"fb0ce32c89","follow_counts":"c66f4981ef","total_counts":"172a1d2ec5","media_single":"fd51ddcb48","media_total":"08675f56ae","generate_all_window_nonce":"796caae090","no_img_message":"No images available for sharing on this page"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/monarch/js/custom.js?ver=1.4.14" id="et_monarch-custom-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="divi-custom-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var DIVI = {"item_count":"%d Item","items_count":"%d Items"}; var et_builder_utils_params = {"condition":{"diviTheme":true,"extraTheme":false},"scrollLocations":["app","top"],"builderScrollLocations":{"desktop":"app","tablet":"app","phone":"app"},"onloadScrollLocation":"app","builderType":"fe"}; var et_frontend_scripts = {"builderCssContainerPrefix":"#et-boc","builderCssLayoutPrefix":"#et-boc .et-l"}; var et_pb_custom = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","images_uri":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-content\/themes\/Divi\/images","builder_images_uri":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-content\/themes\/Divi\/includes\/builder\/images","et_frontend_nonce":"481e6f1815","subscription_failed":"Please, check the fields below to make sure you entered the correct information.","et_ab_log_nonce":"4fe59ff93c","fill_message":"Please, fill in the following fields:","contact_error_message":"Please, fix the following errors:","invalid":"Invalid email","captcha":"Captcha","prev":"Prev","previous":"Previous","next":"Next","wrong_captcha":"You entered the wrong number in captcha.","wrong_checkbox":"Checkbox","ignore_waypoints":"no","is_divi_theme_used":"1","widget_search_selector":".widget_search","ab_tests":[],"is_ab_testing_active":"","page_id":"24642","unique_test_id":"","ab_bounce_rate":"5","is_cache_plugin_active":"no","is_shortcode_tracking":"","tinymce_uri":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-content\/themes\/Divi\/includes\/builder\/frontend-builder\/assets\/vendors","accent_color":"#49b783","waypoints_options":{"context":[".pum-overlay"]}}; var et_pb_box_shadow_elements = []; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/themes/Divi/js/scripts.min.js?ver=4.25.2" id="divi-custom-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/themes/Divi/includes/builder/feature/dynamic-assets/assets/js/jquery.fitvids.js?ver=4.25.2" id="fitvids-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="popup-maker-site-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pum_vars = {"version":"1.19.0","pm_dir_url":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/popup-maker\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","restapi":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-json\/pum\/v1","rest_nonce":null,"default_theme":"66","debug_mode":"","disable_tracking":"","home_url":"\/","message_position":"top","core_sub_forms_enabled":"1","popups":[],"cookie_domain":"","analytics_route":"analytics","analytics_api":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-json\/pum\/v1"}; var pum_sub_vars = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","message_position":"top"}; var pum_popups = {"pum-71211":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":""}}],"cookies":[{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-71211","key":"","session":null,"path":null,"time":"1 month"}}],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"small","responsive_min_width":"20%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"100px","custom_height_auto":true,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"left bottom","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"10","position_left":"10","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":"0","close_on_overlay_click":false,"close_on_esc_press":false,"close_on_f4_press":false,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":71211,"slug":"call-for-donations"},"pum-674":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#paulina"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":"0","close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":674,"slug":"paulina-2"},"pum-1327":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#agata"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":"0","close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":1327,"slug":"agata"},"pum-8353":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#percy"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"800%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":"0","close_on_overlay_click":false,"close_on_esc_press":false,"close_on_f4_press":false,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":8353,"slug":"weronika-strzyzynska"},"pum-10077":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#Agnieszka"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"100","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":false,"close_on_esc_press":false,"close_on_f4_press":false,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":10077,"slug":"agnieszka-wadolowska"},"pum-8320":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#Juliette"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"100","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":false,"close_on_esc_press":false,"close_on_f4_press":false,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":8320,"slug":"juliette-bretan"},"pum-78":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#daniel"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"800px","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":78,"slug":"daniel"},"pum-643":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#stanley"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":643,"slug":"stanley"},"pum-684":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#monika"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":684,"slug":"monika"},"pum-1257":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#ben"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":1257,"slug":"ben"},"pum-1294":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#norman"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":1294,"slug":"norman"},"pum-1308":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#timothy"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":1308,"slug":"timothy"},"pum-1319":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#andrzej"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":1319,"slug":"andrzej"},"pum-1336":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#shana"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":1336,"slug":"shana"},"pum-1344":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#pawel"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":1344,"slug":"pawel"},"pum-1301":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#olga"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"20","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":true,"close_on_esc_press":true,"close_on_f4_press":true,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":1301,"slug":"olga"},"pum-692":{"triggers":[{"type":"click_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","extra_selectors":"#siobhan"}}],"cookies":[],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"67","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"100","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":0,"close_on_overlay_click":false,"close_on_esc_press":false,"close_on_f4_press":false,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":692,"slug":"siobhan"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/popup-maker/assets/js/site.min.js?defer&ver=1.19.0" id="popup-maker-site-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/themes/Divi/core/admin/js/common.js?ver=4.25.2" id="et-core-common-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-smushit/app/assets/js/smush-lazy-load.min.js?ver=3.16.5" id="smush-lazy-load-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="smush-lazy-load-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function rw() { Waypoint.refreshAll(); } window.addEventListener( 'lazybeforeunveil', rw, false); window.addEventListener( 'lazyloaded', rw, false); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=6.5.5" id="wp-embed-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mediaelement-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mejsL10n = {"language":"en","strings":{"mejs.download-file":"Download File","mejs.install-flash":"You are using a browser that does not have Flash player enabled or installed. Please turn on your Flash player plugin or download the latest version from https:\/\/get.adobe.com\/flashplayer\/","mejs.fullscreen":"Fullscreen","mejs.play":"Play","mejs.pause":"Pause","mejs.time-slider":"Time Slider","mejs.time-help-text":"Use Left\/Right Arrow keys to advance one second, Up\/Down arrows to advance ten seconds.","mejs.live-broadcast":"Live Broadcast","mejs.volume-help-text":"Use Up\/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.","mejs.unmute":"Unmute","mejs.mute":"Mute","mejs.volume-slider":"Volume Slider","mejs.video-player":"Video Player","mejs.audio-player":"Audio Player","mejs.captions-subtitles":"Captions\/Subtitles","mejs.captions-chapters":"Chapters","mejs.none":"None","mejs.afrikaans":"Afrikaans","mejs.albanian":"Albanian","mejs.arabic":"Arabic","mejs.belarusian":"Belarusian","mejs.bulgarian":"Bulgarian","mejs.catalan":"Catalan","mejs.chinese":"Chinese","mejs.chinese-simplified":"Chinese (Simplified)","mejs.chinese-traditional":"Chinese (Traditional)","mejs.croatian":"Croatian","mejs.czech":"Czech","mejs.danish":"Danish","mejs.dutch":"Dutch","mejs.english":"English","mejs.estonian":"Estonian","mejs.filipino":"Filipino","mejs.finnish":"Finnish","mejs.french":"French","mejs.galician":"Galician","mejs.german":"German","mejs.greek":"Greek","mejs.haitian-creole":"Haitian Creole","mejs.hebrew":"Hebrew","mejs.hindi":"Hindi","mejs.hungarian":"Hungarian","mejs.icelandic":"Icelandic","mejs.indonesian":"Indonesian","mejs.irish":"Irish","mejs.italian":"Italian","mejs.japanese":"Japanese","mejs.korean":"Korean","mejs.latvian":"Latvian","mejs.lithuanian":"Lithuanian","mejs.macedonian":"Macedonian","mejs.malay":"Malay","mejs.maltese":"Maltese","mejs.norwegian":"Norwegian","mejs.persian":"Persian","mejs.polish":"Polish","mejs.portuguese":"Portuguese","mejs.romanian":"Romanian","mejs.russian":"Russian","mejs.serbian":"Serbian","mejs.slovak":"Slovak","mejs.slovenian":"Slovenian","mejs.spanish":"Spanish","mejs.swahili":"Swahili","mejs.swedish":"Swedish","mejs.tagalog":"Tagalog","mejs.thai":"Thai","mejs.turkish":"Turkish","mejs.ukrainian":"Ukrainian","mejs.vietnamese":"Vietnamese","mejs.welsh":"Welsh","mejs.yiddish":"Yiddish"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelement-and-player.min.js?ver=4.2.17" id="mediaelement-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelement-migrate.min.js?ver=6.5.5" id="mediaelement-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mediaelement-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _wpmejsSettings = {"pluginPath":"\/wp-includes\/js\/mediaelement\/","classPrefix":"mejs-","stretching":"responsive","audioShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement","videoShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.js?ver=6.5.5" id="wp-mediaelement-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/themes/Divi/includes/builder/feature/dynamic-assets/assets/js/easypiechart.js?ver=4.25.2" id="easypiechart-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/themes/Divi/includes/builder/feature/dynamic-assets/assets/js/salvattore.js?ver=4.25.2" id="salvattore-js"></script> </body> </html>