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placeholder="חיפוש בוויקיפדיה" aria-label="חיפוש בוויקיפדיה" autocapitalize="sentences" title="‏חיפוש בוויקיפדיה‏ [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>חיפוש</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="ניווט משתמש"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">סתירה (כימיה)</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> תגובה כימית המתרחשת בין חומצה לבסיס (או להפך), וכך ההשפעה של החומר מנוטרלת </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="he" dir="rtl"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="noexcerpt noprint dablink" style="font-size: 90%; color: #555577;margin-right:22px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="פירוש נוסף"><img alt="פירוש נוסף" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Disambig_RTL.svg/25px-Disambig_RTL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Disambig_RTL.svg/38px-Disambig_RTL.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Disambig_RTL.svg/50px-Disambig_RTL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168"></span></span> ערך זה עוסק ב<b>תגובה כימית</b> בשם סתירה. אם התכוונתם למושג ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="לוגיקה">לוגי</a> "סתירה", ראו <span class="nodisambig"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="סתירה (לוגיקה)">סתירה</a></span>. </div> <p><b>סתירה</b> היא <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תגובה כימית">תגובה כימית</a> המתרחשת בין <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="בסיס (כימיה)">בסיס</a> ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="חומצה">חומצה</a>.</p> <p>בתגובת הסתירה, מגיבים יוני <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הידרוניום">הידרוניום</a> (<span dir="ltr">H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></span>), החומציים, עם יוני <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הידרוקסיד">הידרוקסיד</a> (<span dir="ltr">OH<sup>-</sup></span>), הבסיסיים, ליצירת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מים">מים</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O).</p> <p>למעשה ניתן להגיד, כי אטום מימן (<span dir="ltr">H<sup>+</sup></span>), אשר מטענו החשמלי חיובי עקב כך שאטום אחר משך את אלקטרונו, עובר מהחומר החומצי אל החומר הבסיסי.</p> <p>תגובת הסתירה היא <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תגובה אקסותרמית">תגובה אקסותרמית</a>, הווה אומר, במהלך התגובה מתחממת סביבת הפעולה עקב השינוי המולקולרי (ידוע שבפירוק מולקולות נפלטת בין היתר <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="אנרגיית חום">אנרגיית חום</a>, כמו בפירוק מולקולת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="גלוקוז">גלוקוז</a> בגוף).</p> <p>המשוואה הכימית הכללית של התגובה היא מן הצורה: <span dir="ltr">H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + OH<sup>−</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(l)</sub></span></p> <p>תגובת סתירה לדוגמה היא זו של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="סודה קאוסטית">סודה קאוסטית</a> (NaOH) עם <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="חומצת מלח">חומצה הידרוכלורית</a> (HCl) ליצירת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מים">מים</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O) ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מלח בישול">מלח בישול</a> (NaCl). ניסוחה:</p> <dl> <dd> <span dir="ltr"><b>NaOH<sub>(aq)</sub> + HCl<sub>(aq)</sub> → Na<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + Cl<sup>−</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(l)</sub></b></span> </dd> </dl> <p>מאחר שמלח <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסיסות">מסיס</a> במים, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="יון">יוני</a> <span dir="ltr">Cl<sup>-</sup></span> ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="יון">יוני</a> <span dir="ltr">Na<sup>+</sup></span> אינם נקשרים ליצירת תרכובת (מלח) ומשמשים כ<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="יון משקיף (הדף אינו קיים)">יונים משקיפים</a> בלבד. ניסוח התגובה נטו הוא:</p> <dl> <dd> <b>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + OH<sup>−</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(l)</sub> : Δ<sub>r</sub><i>H</i> = −55.90 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></b> </dd> </dl> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="he" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">תוכן עניינים</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">שימושים בתעשייה וברפואה</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">דיוק בסתירה</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">סתירה בהובלת ואכסנת חומרים מסוכנים</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">קישורים חיצוניים</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="שימושים_בתעשייה_וברפואה"><span id=".D7.A9.D7.99.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A9.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.91.D7.AA.D7.A2.D7.A9.D7.99.D7.99.D7.94_.D7.95.D7.91.D7.A8.D7.A4.D7.95.D7.90.D7.94"></span>שימושים בתעשייה וברפואה</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "שימושים בתעשייה וברפואה"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>לתגובת הסתירה, מעבר להיותה תגובה כימית ככל התגובות, ישנה חשיבות רבה בתחום התעשייה.</p> <p>רבים מן החומרים אשר נמצאים בשימוש תעשייתי הם חומצות (כדוגמת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="חומצה חנקתית">חומצה חנקתית</a> - HNO<sub>3</sub>) או בסיסים (כדוגמת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אמוניה">אמוניה</a> - NH<sub>3</sub>). עובדה זו והעובדה כי חומצות ובסיסים יכולים להיות מסוכנים למגע או לטיפול (ואף מסוכנים מאוד, כדוגמת ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="חומצה גופרתית">חומצה הגופרתית</a> - H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), גורמת לעיתים לצורך בניטרולם. <b>"ניטרול"</b> זה הוא למעשה תגובת <b>סתירה</b>.</p> <p>כך למשל, אם ישנה דליפה של חומצה במפעל לייצור <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="דשן">דשנים</a>, ישנה סכנה לבריאותם של עובדי המפעל (ואף לציוד שאינו עמיד בפני חומצות). לאחר עצירת הדליפה נותרת בשטח המפעל החומצה שדלפה. על-מנת שיוכלו עובדי המפעל לחזור לעבודה בבטחה יש להסיר את הסכנה על ידי סתירת החומצה שדלפה. סתירה זו תתבצע בעזרת הוספת תמיסה בסיסית לחומצה שדלפה, עד לסתירתה המלאה של החומצה.</p> <p>באופן דומה, אם התמיסה שדלפה היא בסיסית, יש להוסיף חומצה במידה המתאימה עד לסתירתו המלאה של הבסיס.</p> <p>סתירה אינה מהווה טיפול מתאים למגע של חומצה (או בסיס) עם העור, שכן תהליך הסתירה הוא <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תגובה אקסותרמית">תגובה אקסותרמית</a> הפולטת חום העלול לגרום ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="כוויה">כוויה</a> אם הוא נפלט על עורו של אדם. על-כן, במגע של חומצה או בסיס עם עור סדר הטיפול המומלץ הוא הסרה על ידי ספיגה או גירוד, שטיפה, ולבסוף סתירה.</p> <p>חשיבות נוספת לתהליך הסתירה היא בתחום הרפואה בעיקר בנושא הטיפול ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="צרבת">צרבות</a> וב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%A4%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="כיב פפטי">כיבי קיבה</a> (אולקוס).</p> <p>כיב קיבה הוא פצע בתוך חלל הקיבה הנוצר כתוצאה מפגיעתן של חומצות הקיבה בדופן הקיבה. על-מנת להקל את הסבל למטופל ולסייע בטיפול, חולים הסובלים מאולקוס נוטלים כדורים סותרי-חומצה.</p> <p>תרופות אלו כדוגמת 'אלקה-זלצר' או 'פפטו-ביסמול', כולן תרופות המכילות בתוכן בסיס שמגיב עם חומצות הקיבה בתגובת סתירה, ובכך מקטין את החומציות בקיבה ואת הסבל למטופל. מבין החומרים שנמצאים בכדורים להקלת צרבות ניתן למצוא לעיתים את החומר NaHCO<sub>3</sub> - <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="סודה לשתייה">סודה לשתייה</a>. על-כן, "<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תרופת סבתא">תרופת סבתא</a>" ידועה לטיפול בגירוי בקיבה היא שתיית תמיסת סודה לשתייה (המשמשת ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אפייה">אפייה</a>, ונמצאת ברוב הבתים).</p> <p>לסתירה חשיבות משנית בתחום הרפואה בנושא הקלה של עקיצות צמחים וחרקים. חומרים מסוימים המוזרקים לאדם בעת עקיצה הם בסיסים (כמו בארס צרעות מסוימות) או חומצות (כמו בארס נמלים ודבורים מסוימות). בעת העברת בסיס או חומצה לסתירת העקיצה מורגשת לעיתים תחושת הקלה בשל הסרת חלק מן הארס (שנסתר).</p> <div align="center" style="border-top:2px solid #ddd; border-bottom:2px solid #ddd; clear: both;"> <p><small><b>הבהרה:</b> המידע בוויקיפדיה נועד להעשרה בלבד ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%94%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A5_%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99" title="ויקיפדיה:הבהרות משפטיות">אינו מהווה ייעוץ רפואי</a>.</small></p> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="דיוק_בסתירה"><span id=".D7.93.D7.99.D7.95.D7.A7_.D7.91.D7.A1.D7.AA.D7.99.D7.A8.D7.94"></span>דיוק בסתירה</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "דיוק בסתירה"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>בסתירה <b>מלאה</b>, יגיבו <b>כל</b> המגיבים בתמיסה, כך שלא ייוותרו <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="חומצה">חומצה</a> או <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="בסיס (כימיה)">בסיס</a> בתוצרים. לתמיסה שעברה סתירה מלאה, יש <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PH?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PH">pH</a> = 7 והיא נייטרלית.</p> <p>בסתירה <b>חלקית</b> מגיבים רק <b>חלק</b> מן המגיבים בתמיסה זה עם זה, כך שתוותר כמות מסוימת של חומצה או בסיס בתוצרים. לתמיסה שעברה סתירה חלקית, יש pH שונה מ-7 והיא אינה נייטרלית.</p> <p>כאמור, גם בסיסים וגם חומצות עלולים להיות מסוכנים לשימוש ולמגע. על-כן, ברוב תהליכי הסתירה שואף הכימאי או המהנדס להוסיף חומר סותר (חומצה או בסיס, בהתאם לנסיבות) <b>בכמות הנדרשת ולא מעבר לכך</b>. במידה וכמות החומר הסותר המוספת היא מעבר לנדרש, ייווצר מצב הפוך מן המצב הקודם.</p> <p>הווה אומר, במידה והתמיסה שרצינו לסתור הייתה חומצית היא תיהפך בסיסית (ולהפך). ושוב עלינו לסתור את התמיסה בכיוון ההפוך.</p> <p>בבואנו לסתור תמיסה בריכוז לא ידוע עלינו להיעזר ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="טיטור">טיטור</a> על-מנת להגיע לסתירה מדויקת. בטיטור בדרך כלל יעשה שימוש באינדיקטורים כגון: מד pH אלקטרוני, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פנולפתלאין">פנולפתלאין</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%9B%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="תימול כחול (הדף אינו קיים)">תימול כחול</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="נייר לקמוס">נייר לקמוס</a> או כל <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8_pH?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אינדיקטור pH">אינדיקטור חומציות</a> נוסף.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="סתירה_בהובלת_ואכסנת_חומרים_מסוכנים"><span id=".D7.A1.D7.AA.D7.99.D7.A8.D7.94_.D7.91.D7.94.D7.95.D7.91.D7.9C.D7.AA_.D7.95.D7.90.D7.9B.D7.A1.D7.A0.D7.AA_.D7.97.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.9E.D7.A1.D7.95.D7.9B.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>סתירה בהובלת ואכסנת חומרים מסוכנים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "סתירה בהובלת ואכסנת חומרים מסוכנים"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>בשל הסכנה הרבה הטמונה בחלק גדול מן החומצות והבסיסים, נוהגים לאפסן אותם במכלים מיוחדים. על מכלים אלו נהוג לציין האם החומר הנמצא במכל הוא בסיסי או חומצי. זאת על-מנת שבמידה והחומר שבמכל ידלוף ידעו כוחות ההצלה כיצד לסתור את החומר. נוהל זה תקף לגבי מכלים נייחים (בשטחי אחסנה, למשל) ולגבי מכלים ניידים (מכליות נוסעות או קרונות רכבת, למשל).</p> <p>גם בישראל, כמו בשאר <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="העולם המערבי">העולם המערבי</a>, נהוג לסמן מה הוא סוג החומר המובל ואיזה טיפול יש לבצע בו על-מנת לנטרלו במקרה של דליפה או תאונה. זאת בהתאם להמלצות האו"ם ומתוקף חוקי התעבורה (תקנות שירותי הובלה, התשס"א - 2001, סעיף 87(א1); חוק שירותי הובלה, התשנ"ז - 1997).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="קישורים_חיצוניים"><span id=".D7.A7.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.97.D7.99.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>קישורים חיצוניים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "קישורים חיצוניים"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <table class="sistersitebox plainlinks noprint" style="margin: 0 1em 0.5em 0;float: left;"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">מיזמי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="קרן ויקימדיה">קרן ויקימדיה</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="sisterwikilinkT"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="ויקימילון"> <noscript> <img alt="ויקימילון" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wiktionary-logo-he.png/20px-Wiktionary-logo-he.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="135"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wiktionary-logo-he.png/20px-Wiktionary-logo-he.png" data-alt="ויקימילון" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wiktionary-logo-he.png/30px-Wiktionary-logo-he.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wiktionary-logo-he.png/40px-Wiktionary-logo-he.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> ערך מילוני בוויקימילון: <b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25D7%25A1%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8%25D7%2594" class="extiw" title="wikt:סתירה">סתירה</a></b> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36773993">.mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}</style>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> אוחזר מתוך "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)%26oldid%3D37036784">https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=סתירה_(כימיה)&oldid=37036784</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Ovedc" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1693898494"> <span>נערך לאחרונה ב־5 בספטמבר 2023, בשעה 09:21</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>שפות</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry)" title="Neutralization (chemistry) – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Neutralization (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralisasie" title="Neutralisasie – אפריקאנס" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neutralisasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="אפריקאנס" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%2584_(%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1)" title="تعادل (كيمياء) – ערבית" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعادل (كيمياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Неутрализация – בולגרית" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неутрализация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="בולגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="প্রশমন বিক্রিয়া – בנגלית" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রশমন বিক্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="בנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizadur" title="Neutralizadur – ברטונית" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Neutralizadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ברטונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizacija_(hemija)" title="Neutralizacija (hemija) – בוסנית" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Neutralizacija (hemija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="בוסנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%25C3%25B3_de_neutralitzaci%25C3%25B3" title="Reacció de neutralització – קטלאנית" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reacció de neutralització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="קטלאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25DB%258E%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D9%2586_(%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7)" title="ھاوکێشبوون (کیمیا) – כורדית סוראנית" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھاوکێشبوون (کیمیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="כורדית סוראנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizace" title="Neutralizace – צ׳כית" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neutralizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="צ׳כית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwtraliad" title="Niwtraliad – ולשית" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Niwtraliad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ולשית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralisation" title="Neutralisation – דנית" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Neutralisation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="דנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralisation_(Chemie)" title="Neutralisation (Chemie) – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neutralisation (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CE%25BE%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B5%25CF%2584%25CE%25AD%25CF%2581%25CF%2589%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7" title="Εξουδετέρωση – יוונית" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξουδετέρωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="יוונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Neutralización – ספרדית" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neutralización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ספרדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralisatsioon" title="Neutralisatsioon – אסטונית" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neutralisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="אסטונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AE%25D9%2586%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4" title="خنثایش – פרסית" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خنثایش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="פרסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutraloituminen" title="Neutraloituminen – פינית" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neutraloituminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="פינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralisation" title="Neutralisation – צרפתית" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neutralisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="צרפתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodr%25C3%25BAch%25C3%25A1n_(ceimic)" title="Neodrúchán (ceimic) – אירית" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Neodrúchán (ceimic)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="אירית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A3_%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="उदासीनीकरण अभिक्रिया – הינדי" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उदासीनीकरण अभिक्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="הינדי" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizacija_(kemija)" title="Neutralizacija (kemija) – קרואטית" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neutralizacija (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2589%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A6%25D5%25B8%25D6%2584%25D5%25A1%25D6%2581%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25BC%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D6%2581%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Չեզոքացման ռեակցիա – ארמנית" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեզոքացման ռեակցիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ארמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksi_penetralan" title="Reaksi penetralan – אינדונזית" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reaksi penetralan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="אינדונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizzazione_(chimica)" title="Neutralizzazione (chimica) – איטלקית" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neutralizzazione (chimica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="איטלקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%2592%258C_(%25E5%258C%2596%25E5%25AD%25A6)" title="中和 (化学) – יפנית" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中和 (化学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="יפנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583" title="Бейтараптау – קזחית" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бейтараптау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="קזחית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A4%2591%25ED%2599%2594_%25EB%25B0%2598%25EC%259D%2591" title="중화 반응 – קוריאנית" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중화 반응" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="קוריאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Неутрализација – מקדונית" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Неутрализација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="מקדונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peneutralan" title="Peneutralan – מלאית" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peneutralan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="מלאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralisatiereactie" title="Neutralisatiereactie – הולנדית" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neutralisatiereactie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="הולנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25B8ytralisering" title="Nøytralisering – נורווגית ספרותית" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nøytralisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="נורווגית ספרותית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25A8_(%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2587%25E0%25A8%25A3_%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2586%25E0%25A8%25A8)" title="ਨਿਰਾਕਰਨ (ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) – פנג׳אבי" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਰਾਕਰਨ (ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="פנג׳אבי" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reakcja_zoboj%25C4%2599tniania" title="Reakcja zobojętniania – פולנית" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reakcja zobojętniania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="פולנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salifica%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o" title="Salificação – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Salificação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizare" title="Neutralizare – רומנית" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neutralizare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="רומנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нейтрализация – רוסית" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нейтрализация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="רוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizacija_(hemija)" title="Neutralizacija (hemija) – סרבו-קרואטית" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neutralizacija (hemija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="סרבו-קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutraliz%25C3%25A1cia_(ch%25C3%25A9mia)" title="Neutralizácia (chémia) – סלובקית" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Neutralizácia (chémia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="סלובקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevtralizacija" title="Nevtralizacija – סלובנית" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nevtralizacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="סלובנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizimi_(Kimi)" title="Neutralizimi (Kimi) – אלבנית" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Neutralizimi (Kimi)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="אלבנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_(%25D1%2585%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0)" title="Неутрализација (хемија) – סרבית" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Неутрализација (хемија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="סרבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralisation_(kemi)" title="Neutralisation (kemi) – שוודית" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neutralisation (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="שוודית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D_(%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D)" title="நடுநிலையாக்கல் (வேதியியல்) – טמילית" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடுநிலையாக்கல் (வேதியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="טמילית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B0%259F%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25A5%25E0%25B1%2580%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25A3%25E0%25B0%2582" title="తటస్థీకరణం – טלוגו" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తటస్థీకరణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="טלוגו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%258F%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2599" title="ปฏิกิริยาสะเทิน – תאית" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิกิริยาสะเทิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="תאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25B6tralizasyon_(kimya)" title="Nötralizasyon (kimya) – טורקית" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nötralizasyon (kimya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="טורקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%2597" title="Реакція нейтралізації – אוקראינית" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Реакція нейтралізації" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="אוקראינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%258F%25D9%2584" title="تعادُل – אורדו" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تعادُل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="אורדו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanjwngq_Cunghhoz" title="Fanjwngq Cunghhoz – צ׳ואנג" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Fanjwngq Cunghhoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="צ׳ואנג" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%258F%258D%25E5%25BA%2594" title="中和反应 – סינית" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中和反应" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="סינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%258F%258D%25E6%2587%2589" title="中和反應 – קנטונזית" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中和反應" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="קנטונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-he.svg" alt="ויקיפדיה" width="120" height="28" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.75em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" 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