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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>2 Samuel 20:24 Adoram was in charge of the forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/2_samuel/20-24.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/12/10_2Sa_20_24.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="2 Samuel 20:24 - Sheba's Rebellion" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="Adoram was in charge of the forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/2_samuel/20-24.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/2_samuel/20-24.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/2_samuel/">2 Samuel</a> > <a href="/2_samuel/20.htm">Chapter 20</a> > Verse 24</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad4.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/2_samuel/20-23.htm" title="2 Samuel 20:23">◄</a> 2 Samuel 20:24 <a href="/2_samuel/20-25.htm" title="2 Samuel 20:25">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/2_samuel/20.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/2_samuel/20.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />Adoniram was in charge of forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/2_samuel/20.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />Adoniram was in charge of forced labor. Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the royal historian.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/2_samuel/20.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />and Adoram was in charge of the forced labor; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/2_samuel/20.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />Adoram was in charge of the forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/2_samuel/20.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And Adoram <i>was</i> over the tribute: and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud <i>was</i> recorder:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/2_samuel/20.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />Adoram <i>was</i> in charge of revenue; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud <i>was</i> recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/2_samuel/20.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />and Adoram was over the forced labor, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the secretary;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/2_samuel/20.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />and Adoram was over the forced labor, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/2_samuel/20.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />and Adoram was over the forced labor, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/2_samuel/20.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />and Adoram <i>was</i> over the forced labor, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/2_samuel/20.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />Adoram was over the forced labor; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/2_samuel/20.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Adoram was over forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was court historian;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/2_samuel/20.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Adoram was in charge of forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was court historian; <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/2_samuel/20.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />and Adoram was over the men subject to taskwork; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/2_samuel/20.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />Adoram was in charge of the slave-labor force. Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud kept government records. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/2_samuel/20.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />and Adoram was over the tribute: and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/2_samuel/20.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />Adoram was in charge of forced labor. Jehoshaphat, son of Ahilud, was the royal historian.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/2_samuel/20.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was in charge of the records; <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/2_samuel/20.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />Adoram supervised conscripted labor, Ahilud's son Jehoshaphat was the recorder, <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/2_samuel/20.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />Adoram was in charge of the forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/2_samuel/20.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />Adoniram was supervisor of the work crews. Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the secretary.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/2_samuel/20.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />and Adoniram was in command of the forced labor; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/2_samuel/20.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And Adoram was over the tribute: and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/2_samuel/20.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Adoram was over the men subject to forced labor, Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder, <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/2_samuel/20.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />and Adoram [is] over the tribute, and Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud [is] the remembrancer,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/2_samuel/20.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> and Adoram is over the tribute, and Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud is the remembrancer,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/2_samuel/20.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And Adoniram over the tribute: and Jehoshaphat, son of Ahilud, calling to mind:<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/2_samuel/20.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />But Aduram over the tributes: and Josaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/2_samuel/20.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />Yet truly, Adoram was over the tributes. And Jehoshaphat, the son of Ahilud, was the keeper of records.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/2_samuel/20.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Adoram was in charge of the forced labor. Jehoshaphat, son of Ahilud, was the chancellor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/2_samuel/20.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />Adoram was in charge of the forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/2_samuel/20.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And Adoniram was in charge of the tribute, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/2_samuel/20.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And Aduniram was over taxes and Yushaphat son of Akhilud, the Recorder<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/2_samuel/20.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />and Adoram was over the levy; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/2_samuel/20.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And Adoniram <i>was</i> over the tribute: and Josaphath the son of Achiluth <i>was</i> recorder.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/2_samuel/20-24.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_0ajZHUzMKw?start=6357" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/2_samuel/20.htm">Sheba's Rebellion</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">23</span>Now Joab was over the whole army of Israel; Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and Pelethites; <span class="reftext">24</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/151.htm" title="151: wa·’ă·ḏō·rām (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- An Israelite leader. Contracted for 'Adoniyram; Adoram, an Israelite.">Adoram</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">was in charge of</a> <a href="/hebrew/4522.htm" title="4522: ham·mas (Art:: N-ms) -- Or mic; from macac; properly, a burden, i.e. A tax in the form of forced labor.">the forced labor;</a> <a href="/hebrew/3092.htm" title="3092: wî·hō·wō·šā·p̄āṭ (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- From Yhovah and shaphat; Jehovah-judged; Jehoshaphat, the name of six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem.">Jehoshaphat</a> <a href="/hebrew/1121.htm" title="1121: ben- (N-msc) -- Son. From banah; a son, in the widest sense (like 'ab, 'ach, etc.).">son</a> <a href="/hebrew/286.htm" title="286: ’ă·ḥî·lūḏ (N-proper-ms) -- Child's brother, two Isr. From 'ach and yalad; brother of one born; Achilud, an Israelite.">of Ahilud</a> <a href="/hebrew/2142.htm" title="2142: ham·maz·kîr (Art:: V-Hifil-Prtcpl-ms) -- Remember. A primitive root; properly, to mark, i.e. To remember; by implication, to mention; also to be male.">was the recorder;</a> </span><span class="reftext">25</span>Sheva was the scribe; Zadok and Abiathar were priests;…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">1 Kings 4:6</a></span><br />Ahishar was in charge of the palace; and Adoniram son of Abda was in charge of the forced labor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/12-18.htm">1 Kings 12:18</a></span><br />Then King Rehoboam sent out Adoram, who was in charge of the forced labor, but all Israel stoned him to death. And King Rehoboam mounted his chariot in haste and escaped to Jerusalem.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/5-14.htm">1 Kings 5:14</a></span><br />He sent them to Lebanon in monthly shifts of 10,000 men, so that they would spend one month in Lebanon and two months at home. And Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/9-21.htm">1 Kings 9:21</a></span><br />their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites were unable to devote to destruction—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/11-28.htm">1 Kings 11:28</a></span><br />Now Jeroboam was a mighty man of valor. So when Solomon noticed that the young man was industrious, he put him in charge of the whole labor force of the house of Joseph.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_chronicles/27-25.htm">1 Chronicles 27:25-31</a></span><br />Azmaveth son of Adiel was in charge of the royal storehouses. Jonathan son of Uzziah was in charge of the storehouses in the country, in the cities, in the villages, and in the fortresses. / Ezri son of Chelub was in charge of the workers in the fields who tilled the soil. / Shimei the Ramathite was in charge of the vineyards. Zabdi the Shiphmite was in charge of the produce of the vineyards for the wine vats. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_chronicles/18-15.htm">1 Chronicles 18:15-17</a></span><br />Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder; / Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was the scribe; / Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were chief officials at the king’s side.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_chronicles/29-6.htm">1 Chronicles 29:6</a></span><br />Then the leaders of the families, the officers of the tribes of Israel, the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, and the officials in charge of the king’s work gave willingly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/8-10.htm">2 Chronicles 8:10</a></span><br />They were also the chief officers for King Solomon: 250 supervisors.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/10-18.htm">2 Chronicles 10:18</a></span><br />Then King Rehoboam sent out Hadoram, who was in charge of the forced labor, but the Israelites stoned him to death. And King Rehoboam mounted his chariot in haste and escaped to Jerusalem.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/nehemiah/11-22.htm">Nehemiah 11:22-24</a></span><br />Now the overseer of the Levites in Jerusalem was Uzzi son of Bani, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Mica. He was one of Asaph’s descendants, who were the singers in charge of the service of the house of God. / For there was a command from the king concerning the singers, an ordinance regulating their daily activities. / Pethahiah son of Meshezabel, a descendant of Zerah son of Judah, was the king’s agent in every matter concerning the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/esther/1-1.htm">Esther 1:1</a></span><br />This is what happened in the days of Xerxes, who reigned over 127 provinces from India to Cush.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/20-25.htm">Matthew 20:25-28</a></span><br />But Jesus called them aside and said, “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their superiors exercise authority over them. / It shall not be this way among you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, / and whoever wants to be first among you must be your slave— ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/mark/10-42.htm">Mark 10:42-45</a></span><br />So Jesus called them together and said, “You know that those regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their superiors exercise authority over them. / But it shall not be this way among you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, / and whoever wants to be first must be the slave of all. ...</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And Adoram was over the tribute: and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder:</p><p class="hdg">Adoram</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">1 Kings 4:6</a></b></br> And Ahishar <i>was</i> over the household: and Adoniram the son of Abda <i>was</i> over the tribute.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_kings/12-18.htm">1 Kings 12:18</a></b></br> Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who <i>was</i> over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.</p><p class="hdg">recorder.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_kings/4-3.htm">1 Kings 4:3</a></b></br> Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_kings/5-14.htm">Adoniram</a> <a href="/1_kings/12-18.htm">Adoram</a> <a href="/2_samuel/8-16.htm">Ahilud</a> <a href="/2_samuel/8-16.htm">Ahi'lud</a> <a href="/2_samuel/18-5.htm">Charge</a> <a href="/2_samuel/13-32.htm">Forced</a> <a href="/2_samuel/8-16.htm">Jehoshaphat</a> <a href="/2_samuel/8-16.htm">Jehosh'aphat</a> <a href="/judges/1-35.htm">Labor</a> <a href="/numbers/3-32.htm">Overseer</a> <a href="/2_samuel/8-16.htm">Recorder</a> <a href="/2_samuel/8-16.htm">Remembrancer</a> <a href="/2_samuel/10-19.htm">Subject</a> <a href="/judges/1-35.htm">Taskwork</a> <a href="/2_samuel/8-6.htm">Tribute</a> <a href="/1_samuel/26-25.htm">Work</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">Adoniram</a> <a href="/1_kings/12-18.htm">Adoram</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-3.htm">Ahilud</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-3.htm">Ahi'lud</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-23.htm">Charge</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">Forced</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-3.htm">Jehoshaphat</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-3.htm">Jehosh'aphat</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">Labor</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">Overseer</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-3.htm">Recorder</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-3.htm">Remembrancer</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">Subject</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">Taskwork</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">Tribute</a> <a href="/1_kings/5-13.htm">Work</a><div class="vheading2">2 Samuel 20</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_samuel/20-1.htm">By occasion of the quarrel, Sheba rebels in Israel</a></span><br><span class="reftext">3. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_samuel/20-3.htm">David's ten concubines are put in confinement for life</a></span><br><span class="reftext">4. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_samuel/20-4.htm">Amasa, made captain over Judah, is slain by Joab</a></span><br><span class="reftext">14. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_samuel/20-14.htm">Joab pursues Sheba to Abel</a></span><br><span class="reftext">16. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_samuel/20-16.htm">A wise woman saves the city by Sheba's head</a></span><br><span class="reftext">23. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_samuel/20-23.htm">David's officers</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_samuel/20.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_samuel/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/2_samuel/20.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>Adoram was in charge of the forced labor;</b><br>Adoram, also known as Adoniram in other biblical passages, was a high-ranking official in King David's administration. His role as overseer of forced labor indicates the organization and centralization of the kingdom's workforce, which was essential for large-scale projects such as building infrastructure and fortifications. This position highlights the administrative sophistication of David's reign. Forced labor, while common in ancient Near Eastern cultures, often involved the conscription of Israelites and foreign captives. This practice can be seen as a precursor to the later oppressive labor under Solomon, which contributed to the division of the kingdom (<a href="/1_kings/12-4.htm">1 Kings 12:4</a>). The role of Adoram underscores the tension between the benefits of a strong centralized government and the burdens it placed on the people.<p><b>Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;</b><br>Jehoshaphat, the son of Ahilud, served as the recorder or chronicler, a position of significant importance in the royal court. The recorder was responsible for maintaining official records, documenting events, and possibly advising the king. This role ensured that the king's decrees, military campaigns, and other significant events were accurately recorded for posterity. The presence of a recorder reflects the bureaucratic development during David's reign, emphasizing the importance of historical documentation in governance. Jehoshaphat's position is mentioned multiple times in the context of both David's and Solomon's administrations (<a href="/1_kings/4-3.htm">1 Kings 4:3</a>), indicating continuity and stability in the kingdom's leadership. This role can be seen as a type of Christ in the sense that it points to the ultimate record-keeper, God, who keeps a perfect account of human history and individual lives (<a href="/revelation/20-12.htm">Revelation 20:12</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/a/adoniram.htm">Adoniram</a></b><br>He was appointed by King David to oversee the forced labor, a significant administrative role in the kingdom. His position indicates the organized structure of David's government and the need for labor to support the kingdom's projects.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/j/jehoshaphat_son_of_ahilud.htm">Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud</a></b><br>He served as the recorder, a high-ranking official responsible for chronicling events and maintaining records. This role was crucial for the administration and historical documentation of the kingdom.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/f/forced_labor.htm">Forced Labor</a></b><br>This refers to the conscripted workforce used for public works and royal projects. It highlights the economic and social structures of ancient Israel under David's rule.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/k/king_david's_administration.htm">King David's Administration</a></b><br>The verse is part of a larger passage detailing the officials in David's government, reflecting the organized and hierarchical nature of his administration.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/i/israel.htm">Israel</a></b><br>The nation over which David reigned, providing the context for the administrative roles mentioned in the verse.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_administration_in_leadership.htm">The Importance of Administration in Leadership</a></b><br>Effective leadership requires a well-organized administration. David's kingdom was supported by capable officials who managed various aspects of governance.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_record_keeping.htm">The Role of Record Keeping</a></b><br>Jehoshaphat's role as a recorder underscores the importance of documentation and historical records in maintaining order and continuity in governance.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/e/ethical_considerations_of_forced_labor.htm">Ethical Considerations of Forced Labor</a></b><br>While forced labor was a common practice in ancient times, it raises ethical questions about the treatment of workers and the responsibilities of leaders to their people.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/c/continuity_and_change_in_leadership.htm">Continuity and Change in Leadership</a></b><br>The mention of Adoniram in both David's and Solomon's reigns highlights the continuity of certain roles and the importance of experienced leadership in maintaining stability.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_2_samuel_20.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 2 Samuel 20</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_does_1_chron_27's_census_align.htm">How does 1 Chronicles 27's census reconcile with other conflicting census figures in the Bible (e.g., 2 Samuel 24)?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_does_elhanan_kill_goliath's_brother.htm">1 Chronicles 20:5: Why does this text say Elhanan killed Goliath's brother, whereas 2 Samuel 21:19 seems to conflict about who killed Goliath?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_did_jehoshaphat's_army_win_by_singing.htm">How did Jehoshaphat's army manage to march forth singing and then gather the spoils without engaging in a standard military offensive (2 Chronicles 20:21-25)?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_allow_conflict_in_divinely_led_monarchy.htm">Why would God permit ongoing conflict and bloodshed among His chosen people throughout 2 Samuel 20 if the monarchy was divinely sanctioned?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/2_samuel/20.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(24) <span class= "bld">Adoram was over the tribute.</span>--The same office was held by <span class= "ital">Adoniram </span>in Solomon's reign (<a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm" title="And Ahishar was over the household: and Adoniram the son of Abda was over the tribute.">1Kings 4:6</a>; <a href="/1_kings/5-14.htm" title="And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses: a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home: and Adoniram was over the levy.">1Kings 5:14</a>), and by <span class= "ital">Adoram </span>at the beginning of the reign of his successor (<a href="/1_kings/12-18.htm" title="Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.">1Kings 12:18</a>). <span class= "greekheb"></span>ll those may have been the same person, or at least of the same family. "The tribute" should rather be <span class= "ital">the levy, </span>the forced labour so largely employed by Solomon. It is remarkable that there is no trace of such an office in <a href="/context/2_samuel/8-16.htm" title="And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder;">2Samuel 8:16-18</a>, nor in the parallel (<a href="/context/1_chronicles/18-14.htm" title="So David reigned over all Israel, and executed judgment and justice among all his people.">1Chronicles 18:14-17</a>). It was a feature of Oriental despotism only introduced towards the close of David's reign, and carried to much greater length under Solomon.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/2_samuel/20.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 24.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Adoram was over the tribute.</span> This was a new officer, and a new thing. For the Hebrew word <span class="accented">mas</span> does not mean "tribute," but "forced labour." This was one of the most oppressive exactions of old time, and it continued to be practised in Europe throughout the Middle Ages until it was abolished at the end of the eighteenth century by the French Revolution, except in Russia, where the serfs were freed from it by the late emperor Alexander II. Nevertheless, it was probably made almost necessary at first by the absence of money. As there was no money for the payment of taxes, the dues of the king or lord could only be rendered by personal service. Yet even so it was exceedingly liable to be abused, and the people might be taken from their own homes and fields just when their presence there was most needed. One most painful result was that the women had to endure, upon the farm and among the cattle, a drudgery to which they were unsuited. We gather from this passage that it was David who began this practice in Israel, exacting probably only from the descendants of the Canaanites (who, nevertheless, formed a considerable portion of the inhabitants of Palestine) forced labour employed in preparing for the building of the temple, and in the fortifications of his fenced cities. Under Solomon it seems to have been extended to other classes (<a href="/1_kings/5-13.htm">1 Kings 5:13, 14</a>; but see <a href="/1_kings/9-20.htm">1 Kings 9:20-22</a>), and reduced to a system, which pressed so heavily upon the people that it was the principal cause of the revolt of the ten tribes from Rehoboam (<a href="/1_kings/12-4.htm">1 Kings 12:4</a>). Unless the Israelites had themselves suffered severely from this exaction, they would not have been driven into rebellion by sympathy with the remains of the native races. Subsequently we find Jeremiah accusing Jehoiakim of employing forced labour (<a href="/jeremiah/22-13.htm">Jeremiah 22:13</a>), but the severity with which he condemned it suggests that it had then ceased to be customary. <span class="accented">Adoram.</span> His appointment to this office was probably at a late period in David's reign, as he continued to hold the office under Solomon (<a href="/1_kings/4-6.htm">1 Kings 4:6</a>; <a href="/1_kings/5-14.htm">1 Kings 5:14</a>, where he is called <span class="accented">Adoniram</span>), and even down to the beginning of Rehoboam's reign (<a href="/1_kings/12-18.htm">1 Kings 12:18</a>). We there read that he paid the penalty of his hateful office with his life. In <a href="/2_chronicles/10-18.htm">2 Chronicles 10:18</a> he is called <span class="accented">Hadoram.</span> <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/2_samuel/20-24.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">Adoniram</span><br /><span class="heb">וַאֲדֹרָ֖ם</span> <span class="translit">(wa·’ă·ḏō·rām)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_151.htm">Strong's 151: </a> </span><span class="str2">Adoram -- an Israelite leader</span><br /><br /><span class="word">was in charge of</span><br /><span class="heb">עַל־</span> <span class="translit">(‘al-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> </span><span class="str2">Above, over, upon, against</span><br /><br /><span class="word">forced labor;</span><br /><span class="heb">הַמַּ֑ס</span> <span class="translit">(ham·mas)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4522.htm">Strong's 4522: </a> </span><span class="str2">Body of forced laborers, forced service, taskworkers, taskwork, serfdom</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Jehoshaphat</span><br /><span class="heb">וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט</span> <span class="translit">(wî·hō·wō·šā·p̄āṭ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3092.htm">Strong's 3092: </a> </span><span class="str2">Jehoshaphat -- 'the LORD has judged', the name of a number of Israelites</span><br /><br /><span class="word">son</span><br /><span class="heb">בֶּן־</span> <span class="translit">(ben-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1121.htm">Strong's 1121: </a> </span><span class="str2">A son</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of Ahilud</span><br /><span class="heb">אֲחִיל֖וּד</span> <span class="translit">(’ă·ḥî·lūḏ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_286.htm">Strong's 286: </a> </span><span class="str2">Ahilud -- 'child's brother', two Israelites</span><br /><br /><span class="word">was the recorder;</span><br /><span class="heb">הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃</span> <span class="translit">(ham·maz·kîr)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2142.htm">Strong's 2142: </a> </span><span class="str2">To mark, to remember, to mention, to be male</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/2_samuel/20-24.htm">2 Samuel 20:24 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/2_samuel/20-24.htm">OT History: 2 Samuel 20:24 And Adoram was over the men subject (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/2_samuel/20-23.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2 Samuel 20:23"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2 Samuel 20:23" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/2_samuel/20-25.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2 Samuel 20:25"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2 Samuel 20:25" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>