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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_of_Pope_Francis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Election of Pope Francis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_of_Pope_Francis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_between_Benedict_and_Francis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_between_Benedict_and_Francis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Relationship between Benedict and Francis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_between_Benedict_and_Francis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispute_with_Cardinal_Sarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispute_with_Cardinal_Sarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Dispute with Cardinal Sarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispute_with_Cardinal_Sarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_Extraordinary_General_Synod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_Extraordinary_General_Synod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>2014 Extraordinary General Synod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_Extraordinary_General_Synod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Curial_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curial_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Curial reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curial_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Distinctions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Georg Gänswein</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Георг Генсвайн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Георг Генсвайн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EA%B2%90%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B8" title="게오르크 겐스바인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게오르크 겐스바인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georgius Gänswein – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="چورچ جانسوين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چورچ جانسوين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Генсвайн, Георг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Генсвайн, Георг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" title="Georg Gänswein – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georg Gänswein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E6%96%AF%E9%AD%8F" title="喬治·甘斯魏 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喬治·甘斯魏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German Catholic prelate (born 1956)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/His_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="His Excellency">His Excellency</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Most_Reverend" title="The Most Reverend">The Most Reverend</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Georg Gänswein</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nuncio" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Nuncio">Apostolic Nuncio</a> to <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Lithuania" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Estonia" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Estonia">Estonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Latvia" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Latvia">Latvia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Exsequien_Joachim_Meisner-7798_(Crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Exsequien_Joachim_Meisner-7798_%28Crop%29.jpg/220px-Exsequien_Joachim_Meisner-7798_%28Crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Exsequien_Joachim_Meisner-7798_%28Crop%29.jpg/330px-Exsequien_Joachim_Meisner-7798_%28Crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Exsequien_Joachim_Meisner-7798_%28Crop%29.jpg/440px-Exsequien_Joachim_Meisner-7798_%28Crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gänswein in 2017</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urbisaglia" title="Urbisaglia">Urbs Salvia</a> (titular)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Installed</th><td class="infobox-data">24 June 2024</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Petar_Raji%C4%8D" title="Petar Rajič">Petar Rajič</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other post(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titular_Archbishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Titular Archbishop">Titular Archbishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Urbisaglia" title="Urbisaglia">Urbs Salvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_M%C3%BCnster" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg Münster">Honorary Canon of the Freiburg Cathedral</a> (2023‍–‍<span class="nowrap"> </span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous post(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Personal Secretary of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> (2005‍–‍2022)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Pontifical_Household" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture of the Pontifical Household">Prefect of the Prefecture of the Papal Household</a> (2012‍–‍2023)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">31 May 1984<br />by Oskar Saier</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">6 January 2013<br />by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1956-07-30</span>) </span>30 July 1956<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 68)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Riedern_am_Wald" title="Riedern am Wald">Riedern am Wald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waldshut_(district)" title="Waldshut (district)">Waldshut</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Testimonium perhibere veritati</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'To bear witness to the truth') (John 18:37)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coat of arms</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Georg Gänswein's coat of arms"><img alt="Georg Gänswein's coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png/50px-Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png/75px-Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png/100px-Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png 2x" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="1798" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="font-weight:bold; background-color: #FFCF00 ;"> <span style="font-size:100%">Ordination history</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:100%; padding-left:2em; background-color:#eee"><span style="font-size:100%;">History</span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#f2f2f2;"><div style="background:#f2f2f2; border-bottom: 3px solid #333; border-top: 3px solid #333">Diaconal ordination</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">19 December 1982</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#f2f2f2;"><div style="background:#f2f2f2; border-bottom: 3px solid #333; border-top: 3px solid #333">Priestly ordination</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Ordained by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Saier" title="Oskar Saier">Oskar Saier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">31 May 1984</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#f2f2f2;"><div style="background:#f2f2f2; border-bottom: 3px solid #800080; border-top: 3px solid #800080">Episcopal consecration</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Principal consecrator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Co-consecrators</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tarcisio_Bertone" title="Tarcisio Bertone">Tarcisio Bertone</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zenon_Grocholewski" title="Zenon Grocholewski">Zenon Grocholewski</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">6 January 2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: plum;"><span style="font-size:80%">Styles of</span><br /><b><span class="fn">Georg Gänswein</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png/250px-Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png/375px-Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png/500px-Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png 2x" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="1798" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Reverend" title="The Most Reverend">The Most Reverend</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Your_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="Your Excellency">Your Excellency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religious style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Georg Gänswein</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈɡeːɔʁk<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɡɛnsvaɪn]</a></span>; born 30 July 1956) is a German <a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">prelate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> who was named <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nuncio" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Nuncio">Apostolic Nuncio</a> to Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia on 24 June 2024. He served as <a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Papal_household" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture of the Papal household">Prefect of the Papal Household</a> from 2012 to 2023 and was the Personal Secretary of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>. He was a Professor of <a href="/wiki/Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon Law">Canon Law</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Pontifical University of the Holy Cross">Pontifical University of the Holy Cross</a> for about a decade and has been an archbishop since 2012. He is also an <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_M%C3%BCnster" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg Münster">Honorary Canon of Freiburg Cathedral</a>. </p><p>Gänswein is fluent in both speaking and writing Italian, Spanish, German, English, French, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gänswein was born in <a href="/wiki/Riedern_am_Wald" title="Riedern am Wald">Riedern am Wald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waldshut_(district)" title="Waldshut (district)">Waldshut</a>, Baden-Württemberg, a village in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Chlingen-Birkendorf" title="Ühlingen-Birkendorf">Ühlingen-Birkendorf</a> municipality in Germany, as the eldest son of Albert Gänswein, a <a href="/wiki/Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">blacksmith</a>, and his wife Gertrud. He has two brothers and two sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gänswein has said that he decided to become a priest in 1974 when he was 18. He began his seminary training in 1976 and was ordained a priest of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Freiburg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg">Archdiocese of Freiburg</a> on 31 May 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-prefect_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prefect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent the next two years in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> as a curate (assistant priest). </p><p>He received his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Canon Law">doctorate in canon law</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a> in 1993, writing his dissertation about <i>Ecclesiology according to the Second Vatican Council</i>. He later said: "After half a year I was so fed up I said to myself, now I'm going to the archbishop and ask him to take me back into the diocese because I can't stand it anymore.... I'd always studied gladly and easily, but studying Canon Law I felt to be as dry as work in a quarry where there's no beer — you die of dryness."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_Curia">Roman Curia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roman Curia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gänswein moved to Rome in 1993. He entered the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> as an official of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments</a> in 1995 and joined the staff of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Joseph Ratzinger</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a> in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-RReports_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RReports-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a professor of canon law at the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Pontifical University of the Holy Cross">Pontifical University of the Holy Cross</a> and taught there until 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 April 2000, Pope John Paul II gave him the title <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness" title="Chaplain of His Holiness">Chaplain of His Holiness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He replaced <a href="/wiki/Josef_Clemens" title="Josef Clemens">Josef Clemens</a> as Ratzinger's personal secretary in 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-RReports_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RReports-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Clemens became secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity" title="Pontifical Council for the Laity">Pontifical Council for the Laity</a>. When Ratzinger was elected pope in 2005, Gänswein was appointed Principal Private Secretary to His Holiness.<sup id="cite_ref-prefect_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prefect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later on 28 March 2006, Pope Benedict XVI gave him the title <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Prelate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Prelate">Prelate of His Holiness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview in July 2006, he described the Pope's typical day: "The Pope's day begins with <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> at 7am, followed by morning prayer and a period of contemplation. Afterwards we eat breakfast together, and my day then begins with sorting through the correspondence, which arrives in considerable quantity." He said that he accompanied Benedict to morning audiences, followed by lunch together, a "short walk," and a rest, after which he presents him with documents which require his attention.<sup id="cite_ref-versace_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versace-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2007, Italian artist and fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Donatella_Versace" title="Donatella Versace">Donatella Versace</a> used Gänswein as the artistic inspiration for her Fall 2007 "Clergyman Collection", thereby boosting popular recognition of Gänswein's nickname, "Gorgeous George" (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Bel Giorgio</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2013, Gänswein's photo, without his consent, appeared on the cover of the Italian version of <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007 he was mentioned as a possible candidate for archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Munich_and_Freising" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Munich and Freising">Archdiocese of Munich and Freising</a> in 2007. In August 2013 he said he did not see himself returning to Germany in such a role, that he was focused on Rome and he did not expect that to change. In August 2013, anticipating his first sermon in the <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_Minster" title="Freiburg Minster">Freiburg cathedral</a> since being ordained a priest, he said: "I am still a priest of the Archdiocese of Freiburg and see myself as such."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gänswein plays tennis, and skis.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has an "amateur pilot's license".<sup id="cite_ref-mcdermott_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcdermott-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prefect_of_the_Pontifical_Household">Prefect of the Pontifical Household</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prefect of the Pontifical Household"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 December 2012, Gänswein was appointed Prefect of the Pontifical Household, replacing Cardinal <a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Harvey" title="James Michael Harvey">James Michael Harvey</a>, and raised to the rank of archbishop with the <a href="/wiki/Titular_Archbishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Titular Archbishop">titular see</a> of <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Park_of_Urbs_Salvia" title="Archaeological Park of Urbs Salvia">Urbs Salvia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vatbio_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatbio-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some criticized the appointment as the promotion of a personal favorite into a position to control access to the pope and whose conservative views would "confirm, reinforce and encourage" Benedict's.<sup id="cite_ref-power_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-power-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this position, Gänswein arranged papal audiences both public and private, regardless of their size or rank of visitors, and handled the logistics for most large Vatican events and ceremonies as well as the pope's travels both in Rome and Italy. He was consecrated bishop on 6 January 2013 by Pope Benedict.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few weeks later Pope Benedict resigned from the papacy effective 28 February, and Gänswein moved with him to <a href="/wiki/Castel_Gandolfo" title="Castel Gandolfo">Castel Gandolfo</a> while continuing as prefect.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved with Benedict again on 2 May to the <a href="/wiki/Mater_Ecclesiae_Monastery" title="Mater Ecclesiae Monastery">Mater Ecclesiae Monastery</a> in Vatican City.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017 Gänswein suffered from hearing loss, but recovered. In 2020 he was hospitalized for a serious kidney problem.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2020, following a public <a href="#Dispute_with_Cardinal_Sarah">dispute with Cardinal Sarah</a>, Gänswein's responsibilities were changed. Though he remained prefect, he ceased to perform the public functions of that office. The <a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a> said Gänswein's role reflected a "redistribution of the various commitments and duties" of papal household staff.<sup id="cite_ref-redistribution_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redistribution-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gänswein still held the prefect's title when Pope Benedict died on 31 December 2022. He met with Pope Francis on 9 January,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4 March,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 19 May 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still identified by his prefect's title. </p><p>In April 2023, Pope Francis told an interviewer that he had told Gänswein to vacate his Vatican City apartment within a few months and then live either in Italy outside the Vatican or in his native Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 June 2023, the Holy See Press Office announced that Gänswein's last day as prefect was 28 February 2023, and that "for the time being" Pope Francis had told him to return as of 1 July to his home diocese, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Freiburg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg">Archdiocese of Freiburg im Breisgau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That Gänswein had remained in Rome was an anomaly; his predecessors had received assignments that took them elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that he was not given a new role was unusual.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His term as prefect ended on the tenth anniversary of the end of Pope Benedict's papacy.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_career">Later career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having relocated to Freiburg, Germany, Gänswein lived in an apartment at the local seminary. On 17 July 2023, the Archdiocese of Freiburg announced he has been made an Honorary Canon of Freiburg Cathedral and may on occasion perform confirmations or preside at local festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 June 2024, Pope Francis appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Lithuania" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Estonia" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Estonia">Estonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Latvia" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Latvia">Latvia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An appointment to a diplomatic post is tradition for former papal secretaries and had been rumored for Gänswein as early as March 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an assignment to the Baltic states was discussed in the press in April 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Catholic News Agency described Gänswein's appointment as nuncio as a surprise as he and the pope have had quite a "strained relationship" and Francis had left him without an official role for a year.<sup id="cite_ref-baltic_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baltic-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three diplomatic posts Gänswein assumed had been vacated by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Petar_Raji%C4%8D" title="Petar Rajič">Petar Rajič</a> just three months earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gänswein becomes only the sixth active apostolic nuncio who did not attend the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Ecclesiastical_Academy" title="Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy">Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy</a>, the training institute for most members of the diplomatic corps of the Holy See.<sup id="cite_ref-avvenire24062024_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avvenire24062024-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He presented his <a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Credence" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters of Credence">Letters of Credence</a> to the President of Lithuania, <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a> on 6 September 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_and_controversies">Views and controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Views and controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation_of_Benedict_XVI">Resignation of Benedict XVI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Resignation of Benedict XVI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Resignation_of_Benedict_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Resignation of Benedict XVI">Resignation of Benedict XVI</a></div> <p>Pope Benedict announced on 11 February 2013 that he was resigning on 28 February. Gänswein moved with him then to <a href="/wiki/Castel_Gandolfo" title="Castel Gandolfo">Castel Gandolfo</a> while continuing in his role as head of the Pontifical Household.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved with Benedict on 2 May to the <a href="/wiki/Mater_Ecclesiae_Monastery" title="Mater Ecclesiae Monastery">Mater Ecclesiae Monastery</a> in Vatican City.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Gaenswein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Georg_Gaenswein.jpg/200px-Georg_Gaenswein.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Georg_Gaenswein.jpg/300px-Georg_Gaenswein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Georg_Gaenswein.jpg/400px-Georg_Gaenswein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Msgr. Gänswein greeting <a href="/wiki/Malteser_International" title="Malteser International">Malteser International</a> helpers in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Gänswein said he had known about the Pope's plan to resign for "quite some time beforehand" and had tried to change his mind, but "Pope Benedict had reached a decision. He was not to be shaken", he said.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said the news felt like "an amputation" and that "Accepting and coming to terms with my new role is painful". He resented that the press welcomed Pope Francis’ decision not to live in the papal apartments and said that "Benedict didn’t live in the papal apartments for egotistical reasons – he was also very modest". After several months working for Francis he said "At the beginning of each day, I find myself once again waiting to see what will be different today". Then after 9 o’clock in the evening he handles Benedict's affairs and correspondence.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the first anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Resignation_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI">resignation of Pope Benedict XVI</a>, Gänswein said that "I am certain, indeed convinced, that history will offer a judgment that will be different from what one often read in the last years of his pontificate because the sources are clear and clarity springs from them."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016 he said that "Vatileaks" or other issues had "little or nothing" to do with Benedict's resignation. Gänswein said that Francis and Benedict are not two popes "in competition" with one another, but represent one "expanded" Petrine Office with an "active" member and a "contemplative" one. He said that Benedict had not abandoned the papacy like <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Pope Celestine V</a> in the 13th century but rather sought to continue his in a more appropriate way given his frailty and that "Therefore, from 11 February 2013, the papal ministry is not the same as before. It is and remains the foundation of the Catholic Church; and yet it is a foundation that Benedict XVI has profoundly and lastingly transformed by his exceptional pontificate."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_of_Pope_Francis">Election of Pope Francis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Election of Pope Francis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein,_and_President_Barack_Obama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein%2C_and_President_Barack_Obama.jpg/250px-Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein%2C_and_President_Barack_Obama.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein%2C_and_President_Barack_Obama.jpg/375px-Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein%2C_and_President_Barack_Obama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein%2C_and_President_Barack_Obama.jpg/500px-Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein%2C_and_President_Barack_Obama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Archbishop Gänswein escorts President Obama to an audience with Pope Francis</figcaption></figure> <p>Asked by German television network ZDF on March 13, 2014, whether the election of Pope Francis at the <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal conclave, 2013">conclave the previous year</a> had surprised him, Archbishop Gänswein said, "Well, yes, as I had favoured other candidates. I was wrong, but then so were other people." He went on to say that at the moment the Pope is the darling of the media "but that won't always be the case". He added that the Pope is not "everybody's darling".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_between_Benedict_and_Francis">Relationship between Benedict and Francis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relationship between Benedict and Francis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2015, Gänswein denied a rumour that Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI had met the previous autumn with conservative cardinals concerned that the <a href="/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_General_Assembly_of_the_Synod_of_Bishops" title="Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops">Synod of Bishops on the Family</a> might allow civilly remarried Catholics access to the Eucharist. He called it "pure invention". He said Francis' renewed emphasis on pastoral care meant no change in doctrine and said: "The pope is the first guarantor and keeper of the doctrine of the Church and, at the same time, the first shepherd, the first pastor."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2017, some commentators interpreted a statement by Benedict as criticism of Francis. Gänswein called them "stupid people" and said they engaged in "fantasy". He said that "The emeritus pope was deliberately exploited" and that "They want to exploit him. But all this will be useless."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, after Bishop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaristo_Pascoal_Spengler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evaristo Pascoal Spengler (page does not exist)">Evaristo Pascoal Spengler</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaristo_Pascoal_Spengler" class="extiw" title="pt:Evaristo Pascoal Spengler">pt</a>]</span> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Maraj%C3%B3" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Marajó">Marajó, Brazil</a>, told reporters that revisions Benedict made to canon law in 2009 could allow the ordination of women deacons,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gänswein said that assertion was "totally absurd and wrong". He said he had not spoken to Benedict about the matter and his comments "come only from me".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 2023 book, <i>Nothing but the Truth: My Life Beside Benedict XVI</i>, Gänswein wrote that Benedict was "surprised" that Francis never responded to a 2016 public letter by four cardinals. After Francis sent Benedict the text of an interview he had given and asked for Benedict's comments, Benedict, according to Gänswein, replied with annotations that critiqued Francis' responses on abortion and homosexuality. Gänswein also wrote that Benedict felt Francis' decision to <a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">restrict the use of the Latin Mass</a> was "a mistake".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pope answered to such allegations in the book-interview <i>El Sucesor</i> of Spanish Vatican correspondent Javier Martínez-Brocal, lamenting that the book was published on the day <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI">Benedict's funeral</a> and accusing Gänswein of "lack of nobility and humanity". Similar criticism came from Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kasper" title="Walter Kasper">Walter Kasper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispute_with_Cardinal_Sarah">Dispute with Cardinal Sarah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dispute with Cardinal Sarah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2020, Gänswein asked Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sarah" title="Robert Sarah">Robert Sarah</a> to have his publishers remove Pope Benedict's name as co-author with Sarah of a book about priestly celibacy, and to remove Benedict's name as author of the book's introduction and conclusions. He said Benedict had not participated in the writing nor authorized the use of his name. He characterized the problem as "a question of misunderstanding, without casting doubt on the good faith of Cardinal Sarah".<sup id="cite_ref-GGtoSarah_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGtoSarah-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarah had already denied that characterization of Benedict's role,<sup id="cite_ref-GGtoSarah_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGtoSarah-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but then asked his publishers to make changes in how Benedict's participation was represented, though his U.S. publisher refused to make any adjustment.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following his dispute with Sarah, Gänswein ceased to perform the public functions of his position as prefect of the papal household. He no longer appeared alongside Pope Francis at the pope's weekly audiences, nor greeted heads of state and the pope's other most important visitors. His title did not change. The <a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a> said Gänswein's role reflected a "redistribution of the various commitments and duties" of papal household staff.<sup id="cite_ref-redistribution_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redistribution-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_Extraordinary_General_Synod">2014 Extraordinary General Synod</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2014 Extraordinary General Synod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an interview in advance of the October 2014 synod of bishops on the family, Gänswein was asked about allowing divorced and remarried Catholics to receive communion. He said "this is a very delicate question, at stake is the sacramental matrimony that according to Catholic doctrine cannot be dissolved, just like the love of God for man. As far as I can see Pope Francis is following the line of his predecessors whose teaching on matrimony is very clear."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curial_reform">Curial reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Curial reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2015, Gänswein said: “I personally can see no significant reason which would necessitate a reform of the Curia at the moment. One or two changes have been made but that is part of the normal run of things. To speak of ‘Curial reform’ is, if I may say so, somewhat of an exaggeration.” Asked whether the Vatican and the church in general are polarised at the moment, he said "There is no polarisation as far as I can see and I haven’t experienced any. Certain measures here and there have been criticised and if the criticism is justified, that can surely benefit the general climate."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, asked about the dismissal of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Gerhard Ludwig Müller">Gerhard Müller</a> from his post as prefect of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a>, Gänswein said: "I don't want to comment on a papal staff decision. But when I heard about it I was really most upset. He is, after all, a close personal friend."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinctions">Distinctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Distinctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Order_of_Merit" title="Bavarian Order of Merit">Bavarian Order of Merit</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_(order)" title="Commander (order)">Commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Order of the Star of Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Officer">Grand Officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: Knight <a href="/wiki/Grand_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand cross">Grand cross</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Decoration_of_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria" title="Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria">Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Georg Gänswein </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png/220px-Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png/330px-Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png/440px-Personal_coat_of_arms_of_Archbishop_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.png 2x" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="1798" /></a></span> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>As a member of the Papal Household, Gänswein's arms included those of the reigning pope on the left. The coat of arms was designed and adopted when he was consecrated as Bishop on 6 January 2013 and modified when Francis succeeded Benedict in March 2013. As he is no longer a member of the Papal Household, his coat of arms no longer includes that of Pope Francis.</dd> <dt>Adopted</dt> <dd>2023</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>7-pointed star above the draconian serpent.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>TESTIMONIUM PERHIBERE VERITATI <br />(To bear witness to the truth, John 18:37)</dd> <dt>Symbolism</dt> <dd>The 7-pointed star represents the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>. The draconian serpent represents <a href="/wiki/The_Devil" class="mw-redirect" title="The Devil">the Devil</a> being slain by <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a>.</dd> <dt>Previous versions</dt> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CoA_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/CoA_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg/110px-CoA_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/CoA_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg/165px-CoA_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/CoA_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg/220px-CoA_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a></span><br />Coat of arms during the papacy of Pope Benedict XVI<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_arms_of_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_arms_of_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_arms_of_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Georg_G%C3%A4nswein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="1226" /></a></span> <br /> Coat of arms as a member of the Papal Household of Pope Francis</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gänswein has denied the claim—made without attribution in the French weekly <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Express" title="L'Express">L'Express</a></i> in 2009—that he attended the <a href="/wiki/International_Seminary_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="International Seminary of Saint Pius X">International Seminary of Saint Pius X</a> in Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Mickens, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tablet" title="The Tablet">The Tablet</a></i>, repeated the charge in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-power_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-power-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A book published in 2010 quotes him as saying: "I never had or have currently any contact with Ecône or its adherents. Whoever says that simply wants to damage me." ("Ich hatte nie und habe auch gegenwärtig keinerlei Kontakte mit Ecône oder mit Anhängern von Ecône. Wer das behauptet, will mir schlichtweg schaden.")<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2017)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Catholic News Agency incorrectly identified Gänswein's predecessor as Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Pedro_L%C3%B3pez_Quintana" title="Pedro López Quintana">Pedro López Quintana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-baltic_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baltic-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The other five are Archbishops <a href="/wiki/Charles_John_Brown" title="Charles John Brown">Charles J. Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pietro_Dal_Toso" title="Giovanni Pietro Dal Toso">Giovanni Pietro Dal Toso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savio_Hon_Tai-Fai" class="mw-redirect" title="Savio Hon Tai-Fai">Savio Hon Tai-Fai</a>, <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Treanor" title="Noël Treanor">Noël Treanor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Xuereb" title="Alfred Xuereb">Alfred Xuereb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avvenire24062024_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avvenire24062024-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTornielli2012" class="citation news cs1">Tornielli, Andrea (7 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121213064224/http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/georg-gaenswein-20418/">"Pope appoints Gäenswein Prefect of Pontifical Household and archbishop"</a>. Vatican Insider - <a href="/wiki/La_Stampa" title="La Stampa">La Stampa</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/georg-gaenswein-20418/">the original</a> on 13 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pope+appoints+G%C3%A4enswein+Prefect+of+Pontifical+Household+and+archbishop&rft.date=2012-12-07&rft.aulast=Tornielli&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvaticaninsider.lastampa.it%2Fen%2Fthe-vatican%2Fdetail%2Farticolo%2Fgeorg-gaenswein-20418%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+G%C3%A4nswein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prefect-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prefect_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prefect_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lastampa.it/2012/12/07/vaticaninsider/eng/the-vatican/pope-appoints-genswein-prefect-of-pontifical-household-and-archbishop-xrtrjjls90AcLHX78oK2HN/pagina.html">"Pope appoints Gäenswein Prefect of Pontifical Household and archbishop"</a>. <i>La Stampa</i>. 7 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Stampa&rft.atitle=Pope+appoints+G%C3%A4enswein+Prefect+of+Pontifical+Household+and+archbishop&rft.date=2012-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lastampa.it%2F2012%2F12%2F07%2Fvaticaninsider%2Feng%2Fthe-vatican%2Fpope-appoints-genswein-prefect-of-pontifical-household-and-archbishop-xrtrjjls90AcLHX78oK2HN%2Fpagina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+G%C3%A4nswein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/vatican-les-clefs-d-une-crise_740209.html">"Vatican, les clefs d'une crise"</a>. <i>L'Express</i> (in French). 12 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetablet.co.uk/article/163576">the original</a> on 1 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Munich: Heyne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783641038663" title="Special:BookSources/9783641038663"><bdi>9783641038663</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Im+Namen+des+Heiligen+Vaters%3A+Wie+fundamentalistische+M%C3%A4chte+den+Vatikan+steuern&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=Heyne&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9783641038663&rft.aulast=Oschwald&rft.aufirst=Hanspeter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dohf9n7QIoIQC%26pg%3DPT90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+G%C3%A4nswein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=7715">"Library: Interview with Msgr. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tablet&rft.atitle=Head+of+papal+household+says+he+did+not+favour+election+of+Francis&rft.date=2014-03-19&rft.aulast=Pongratz-Lippitt&rft.aufirst=Christa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetablet.co.uk%2Fnews%2F566%2F0%2Fhead-of-papal-household-says-that-francis-is-not-everyone-s-darling-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+G%C3%A4nswein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSan_Martín2015" class="citation news cs1">San Martín, Inés (22 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105821/http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/01/22/benedict-xvi-aide-denies-rift-with-francis/">"Benedict XVI aide denies rift with Francis"</a>. <i>CRUX</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/01/22/benedict-xvi-aide-denies-rift-with-francis/">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRUX&rft.atitle=Benedict+XVI+aide+denies+rift+with+Francis&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft.aulast=San+Mart%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=In%C3%A9s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruxnow.com%2Fchurch%2F2015%2F01%2F22%2Fbenedict-xvi-aide-denies-rift-with-francis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+G%C3%A4nswein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSan_Martín2017" class="citation news cs1">San Martín, Inés (19 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719082518/https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2017/07/19/benedict-aide-fantasy-stupid-use-francis/">"Benedict aide: It's a 'fantasy' and 'stupid' to use him against Francis"</a>. <i>CRUX</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27A+path+is+open+for+the+ordination+of+women%27+synod+bishop+claims&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft.aulast=Condon&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Famp%2Fnews%2F42635%2Fa-path-is-open-for-the-ordination-of-women-synod-bishop-claims%25C2%25A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+G%C3%A4nswein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncregister.com/blog/edward-pentin/archbishop-gaenswein-claim-that-benedict-xvi-opened-path-for-women-deacons">"Archbishop Gaenswein: Claim Benedict XVI Opened Path for Women Deacons 'Totally Absurd'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>National Catholic Register</i>. 26 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Register&rft.atitle=Archbishop+Gaenswein%3A+Claim+Benedict+XVI+Opened+Path+for+Women+Deacons+%27Totally+Absurd%27&rft.date=2019-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncregister.com%2Fblog%2Fedward-pentin%2Farchbishop-gaenswein-claim-that-benedict-xvi-opened-path-for-women-deacons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+G%C3%A4nswein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullella2023" class="citation news cs1">Pullella, Philip (7 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/book-by-benedicts-top-aide-reveals-tensions-vatican-2023-01-06/">"Book by Benedict's top aide reveals tensions in Vatican"</a>. 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lacking theological rigour, and hints at comeback"</a>. <i>The Tablet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tablet&rft.atitle=M%C3%BCller+criticises+Francis+papacy+for+lacking+theological+rigour%2C+and+hints+at+comeback&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetablet.co.uk%2Fnews%2F7785%2Fm-ller-criticises-francis-papacy-for-lacking-theological-rigour-and-hints-at-comeback&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorg+G%C3%A4nswein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%A4nswein&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Georg Gänswein">Georg Gänswein</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Georg_G%C3%A4nswein" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Georg Gänswein">Georg Gänswein</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bganswein.html">Georg Gänswein at Catholic Hierarchy</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Dziwisz" title="Stanisław Dziwisz">Stanisław Dziwisz</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Personal Papal Secretary </b><br />19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Xuereb" title="Alfred Xuereb">Alfred Xuereb</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bertello" title="Giuseppe Bertello">Giuseppe Bertello</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><small><b>— TITULAR —</b></small><br /><i><b> Archbishop of Urbs Salvia (<a href="/wiki/Pro_hac_vice" title="Pro hac vice">pro hac vice</a>) </b></i><br />7 December 2012 – present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Harvey" title="James Michael Harvey">James Michael Harvey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Pontifical_Household" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture of the Pontifical Household">Prefect of the Pontifical Household</a> </b><br />7 December 2012 – 28 February 2023 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Petar_Raji%C4%8D" title="Petar Rajič">Petar Rajič</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Lithuania" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Lithuania">Apostolic Nuncio to Lithuania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Estonia" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Estonia">Estonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Latvia" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Latvia">Latvia</a> </b><br />2024 – </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pope_Benedict_XVI" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Template:Pope Benedict XVI"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Template talk:Pope Benedict XVI"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pope Benedict XVI"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pope_Benedict_XVI" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div>Born Joseph Alois Ratzinger, 16 April 1927 – 31 December 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Biography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Early life of Pope Benedict XVI">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Ratzinger" title="Georg Ratzinger">Georg Ratzinger</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ratzinger_as_Prefect_of_the_Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Joseph Ratzinger as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_papal_conclave" title="2005 papal conclave">2005 papal conclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resignation_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI">Resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI">Death and funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope,_13_march_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg/90px-Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg/135px-Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg/180px-Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="1021" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Acts as Pope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinals_created_by_Benedict_XVI" title="Cardinals created by Benedict XVI">Cardinals created</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_declared_venerable_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="List of people declared venerable by Pope Benedict XVI">People declared venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_beatified_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="List of people beatified by Pope Benedict XVI">People beatified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_canonized_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="List of saints canonized by Pope Benedict XVI">Saints canonized</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Theology of Pope Benedict XVI">Theology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominus_Iesus" title="Dominus Iesus">Dominus Iesus</a></i> (<i>The Lord Jesus</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i> (<i>The Supreme Pontiffs</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Christianity" title="Introduction to Christianity">Introduction to Christianity</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI_and_ecumenism" title="Pope Benedict XVI and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI_and_Judaism" title="Pope Benedict XVI and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI_and_Islam" title="Pope Benedict XVI and Islam">Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Encyclicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deus_caritas_est" title="Deus caritas est">Deus caritas est</a></i> (<i>God Is Love</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spe_salvi" title="Spe salvi">Spe salvi</a></i> (<i>In Hope We Are Saved</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caritas_in_veritate" title="Caritas in veritate">Caritas in veritate</a></i> (<i>Charity in Truth</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Exhortations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_caritatis" title="Sacramentum caritatis">Sacramentum caritatis</a></i> (<i>On the Eucharist</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verbum_Domini" title="Verbum Domini">Verbum Domini</a></i> (<i>On the Word of the Lord</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Africae_munus" title="Africae munus">Africae munus</a></i> (<i>On the Church in Africa</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_in_Medio_Oriente" title="Ecclesia in Medio Oriente">Ecclesia in Medio Oriente</a></i> (<i>On the Church in the Middle East</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Christianity" title="Introduction to Christianity">Introduction to Christianity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ratzinger_Report" title="The Ratzinger Report">The Ratzinger Report</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eschatology:_Death_and_Eternal_Life" title="Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life">Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_the_Liturgy" title="The Spirit of the Liturgy">The Spirit of the Liturgy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Tolerance" title="Truth and Tolerance">Truth and Tolerance</a></i></li> <li><i>Jesus of Nazareth</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth:_From_the_Baptism_in_the_Jordan_to_the_Transfiguration" title="Jesus of Nazareth: From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration">From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth:_Holy_Week" title="Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week">Holy Week</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth:_The_Infancy_Narratives" title="Jesus of Nazareth: The Infancy Narratives">The Infancy Narratives</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Travels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="List of pastoral visits of Pope Benedict XVI">Pastoral visits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_visit_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI_to_the_United_States" title="2008 visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom">United Kingdom state visit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI_bibliography" title="Pope Benedict XVI bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_of_Benedict_XVI" title="Ceremonial of Benedict XVI">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratzinger_Foundation" title="Ratzinger Foundation">Ratzinger Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_leaks_scandal" title="Vatican leaks scandal">Vatican leaks scandal</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Holiness:_The_Secret_Papers_of_Benedict_XVI" title="His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI">His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_(Pope_Benedict_XVI_album)" title="Alma Mater (Pope Benedict XVI album)">Alma Mater</a></i> (2009 album)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Vatican" title="Secrets of the Vatican">Secrets of the Vatican</a></i> (2014 television film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Popes" title="The Two Popes">The Two Popes</a></i> (2019 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pope_Francis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pope_Francis" title="Template:Pope Francis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pope_Francis" title="Template talk:Pope Francis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pope_Francis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pope Francis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pope_Francis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li>Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires">Archbishop of Buenos Aires</a> (1998–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal Priest</a> of <a href="/wiki/San_Roberto_Bellarmino,_Rome" title="San Roberto Bellarmino, Rome">San Roberto Bellarmino</a> (2001–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resignation_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI">Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_papal_conclave" title="2013 papal conclave">Conclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_inauguration_of_Pope_Francis" title="Papal inauguration of Pope Francis">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_declared_Servants_of_God_under_Pope_Francis" title="List of people declared Servants of God under Pope Francis">People declared Servants of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_declared_venerable_by_Pope_Francis" title="List of people declared venerable by Pope Francis">People declared venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_beatified_by_Pope_Francis" title="List of people beatified by Pope Francis">Beatifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_canonized_by_Pope_Francis" title="List of saints canonized by Pope Francis">Canonizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinals_created_by_Francis" title="Cardinals created by Francis">Cardinals created</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_Russia_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_of_Pope_Francis_and_Patriarch_Kirill" title="Joint Declaration of Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill">Meeting with Patriarch Kirill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_General_Assembly_of_the_Synod_of_Bishops" title="Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Ordinary_General_Assembly_of_the_Synod_of_Bishops" title="Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Ordinary_General_Assembly_of_the_Synod_of_Bishops" title="Fifteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_for_the_Pan-Amazon_region" title="Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon region">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">U.S.–Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_Jubilee_of_Mercy" title="Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy">Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Study_Commission_on_the_Women%27s_Diaconate" title="Study Commission on the Women's Diaconate">Study Commission on the Women's Diaconate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Today" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Order of Malta leadership</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fiducia_supplicans" title="Fiducia supplicans">Fiducia supplicans</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Pope Francis"><img alt="Coat of arms of Pope Francis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Franciscus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1190" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Pope Francis</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_Francis" title="List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis">Visits</a> (selected)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_the_Philippines" title="Visit by Pope Francis to the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_North_America" title="2015 visit by Pope Francis to North America">North America (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_Kenya" title="State visit by Pope Francis to Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_Ireland" title="Visit by Pope Francis to Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_the_Baltic_states" title="2018 visit by Pope Francis to the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_Iraq" title="2021 visit by Pope Francis to Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_Canada" title="Visit by Pope Francis to Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_Mongolia" title="Visit by Pope Francis to Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis%27_visit_to_Indonesia" title="Pope Francis' visit to Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis_bibliography" title="Pope Francis bibliography">Bibliography</a><br />(selected)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Constitutions</a><br />(selected)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vultum_Dei_quaerere" title="Vultum Dei quaerere">Vultum Dei quaerere</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veritatis_gaudium" title="Veritatis gaudium">Veritatis gaudium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Episcopalis_communio" title="Episcopalis communio">Episcopalis communio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pascite_gregem_Dei" title="Pascite gregem Dei">Pascite gregem Dei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Praedicate evangelium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_exhortation" title="Apostolic exhortation">Exhortations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Evangelii_gaudium" title="Evangelii gaudium">Evangelii gaudium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amoris_laetitia" title="Amoris laetitia">Amoris laetitia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_et_exsultate" title="Gaudete et exsultate">Gaudete et exsultate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christus_vivit" title="Christus vivit">Christus vivit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Querida_Amazonia" title="Querida Amazonia">Querida Amazonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudate_Deum" title="Laudate Deum">Laudate Deum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclicals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumen_fidei" title="Lumen fidei">Lumen fidei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27" title="Laudato si'">Laudato si'</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fratelli_tutti" title="Fratelli tutti">Fratelli tutti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dilexit_nos" title="Dilexit nos">Dilexit nos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter" title="Ecclesiastical letter">Letters</a> (selected)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Misericordiae_vultus" title="Misericordiae vultus">Misericordiae vultus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_Jubilee_of_Mercy#Misericordia_et_misera" title="Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy">Misericordia et misera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maiorem_hac_dilectionem" title="Maiorem hac dilectionem">Maiorem hac dilectionem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vos_estis_lux_mundi" title="Vos estis lux mundi">Vos estis lux mundi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spiritus_Domini_(Pope_Francis)" title="Spiritus Domini (Pope Francis)">Spiritus Domini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papal_household" title="Papal household">Papal<br />household</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Xuereb" title="Alfred Xuereb">Alfred Xuereb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabi%C3%A1n_Pedacchio" title="Fabián Pedacchio">Fabián Pedacchio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoannis_Lahzi_Gaid" title="Yoannis Lahzi Gaid">Yoannis Lahzi Gaid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Aemilius" title="Gonzalo Aemilius">Gonzalo Aemilius</a> (former personal secretaries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Salerno" title="Fabio Salerno">Fabio Salerno</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Pellizzon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Pellizzon (page does not exist)">Daniel Pellizzon</a> (current personal secretaries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Marini" title="Guido Marini">Guido Marini</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Liturgical_Celebrations_of_the_Supreme_Pontiff" title="Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff">Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Ravelli" title="Diego Ravelli">Diego Giovanni Ravelli</a> (current <a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Liturgical_Celebrations_of_the_Supreme_Pontiff" title="Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff">Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georg Gänswein</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Papal_Household" title="Prefecture of the Papal Household">Prefect of the Papal Household</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinals" title="Council of Cardinals">Cardinal<br />Advisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Current: <a href="/wiki/Fridolin_Ambongo_Besungu" title="Fridolin Ambongo Besungu">Fridolin Ambongo Besungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_da_Rocha" title="Sérgio da Rocha">Sérgio da Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Gracias" title="Oswald Gracias">Oswald Gracias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Hollerich" title="Jean-Claude Hollerich">Jean-Claude Hollerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rald_Lacroix" title="Gérald Lacroix">Gérald Lacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Patrick_O%27Malley" title="Seán Patrick O'Malley">Seán Patrick O'Malley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Omella" title="Juan José Omella">Juan José Omella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_V%C3%A9rgez_Alzaga" title="Fernando Vérgez Alzaga">Fernando Vérgez Alzaga</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Former: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Err%C3%A1zuriz_Ossa" title="Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa">Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Monsengwo_Pasinya" title="Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya">Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell">George Pell</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Maradiaga" title="Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga">Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga</a> (coordinator), <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bertello" title="Giuseppe Bertello">Giuseppe Bertello</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Marx" title="Reinhard Marx">Reinhard Marx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Episcopate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a> (preceding pope)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Gambetti" title="Mauro Gambetti">Mauro Gambetti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vicar General for Vatican City</a>)</li> <li>Vacant (<a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar" title="Cardinal Vicar">Vicar General for Rome</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Quarracino" title="Antonio Quarracino">Antonio Quarracino</a> (preceding Archbishop of Buenos Aires)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Aurelio_Poli" title="Mario Aurelio Poli">Mario Aurelio Poli</a> (succeeding Archbishop of Buenos Aires)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Rubin" title="Sergio Rubin">Sergio Rubin</a> (biographer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">Related books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis:_Conversations_with_Jorge_Bergoglio" title="Pope Francis: Conversations with Jorge Bergoglio">Pope Francis: Conversations with Jorge Bergoglio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Heaven_and_Earth" title="On Heaven and Earth">On Heaven and Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis:_Life_and_Revolution" title="Pope Francis: Life and Revolution">Pope Francis: Life and Revolution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dictator_Pope" title="The Dictator Pope">The Dictator Pope</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Coat of arms of Pope Francis">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_and_things_named_after_Pope_Francis" title="List of places and things named after Pope Francis">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Pope_Francis" title="Theology of Pope Francis">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis_and_LGBT_topics" title="Pope Francis and LGBT topics">LGBT topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a> (religious order)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Domus Sanctae Marthae</a> (residence)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wake_Up!_(Pope_Francis_album)" title="Wake Up! (Pope Francis album)">Wake Up!</a></i> (2015 album)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francis:_Pray_for_Me" title="Francis: Pray for Me">Francis: Pray for Me</a></i> (2015 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiamatemi_Francesco" title="Chiamatemi Francesco">Chiamatemi Francesco</a></i> (2015 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis:_A_Man_of_His_Word" title="Pope Francis: A Man of His Word">Pope Francis: A Man of His Word</a></i> (2018 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Popes" title="The Two Popes">The Two Popes</a></i> (2019 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francesco_(2020_film)" title="Francesco (2020 film)">Francesco</a></i> (2020 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Letter:_A_Message_for_our_Earth" title="The Letter: A Message for our Earth">The Letter: A Message for our Earth</a></i> (2022 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pope_Francis" title="Category:Pope Francis">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60628#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60628#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60628#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000374119154">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61647452">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtrYJVT9hRMrt8cGRvyh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/114850763">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96098351">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12472623c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12472623c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gänswein, Georg"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/PUVV159756">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gänswein, Georg"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20231206707&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6248515">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1407122">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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