CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135c8066cd2fce3',cH: '2X8sFfyO6wPcUbs.PyDgBo6i2b4EK44wgRsnXYX9kUI-1739795349-1.2.1.1-uRPjOKmK5Fx0QNcYiJ6TVsKTknMFXKlp5r8Sy.YqHtlKlLdJgYXtfsqOzf5t_oW6',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=economic%20lost&__cf_chl_tk=FtSACAthiaLdBEZSrVQl0st_kT62C.uBL.eguPGnMFs-1739795349-1.0.1.1-2dlfF9J3rFH5nTirSaALQCYkhbCTCxS3qDAWrU429_o",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795349',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=economic%20lost&__cf_chl_f_tk=FtSACAthiaLdBEZSrVQl0st_kT62C.uBL.eguPGnMFs-1739795349-1.0.1.1-2dlfF9J3rFH5nTirSaALQCYkhbCTCxS3qDAWrU429_o",md: "kf2m_U8zt5ACsA5RnyiqZh7Z3VneGI6HeGmBrKoyySU-1739795349-1.2.1.1-qEpJuR.nSY5MMj5mlyZa6qjnx8lYbPArzQ3Ge61g7FGUon0TQKyAELq6NoESzAcYiJY4mPzP3xTK_iXGwbw9VCAUNvRNIDv5IJWqC2RfxsAN4xFH2ZtUy7ss_jlR4IGoyfoJJ15qzHIfT309PZCP24OHDPfgdlNeA9iJ8mMeab5WfqRs9gRgAlkgknuHHcov5H0P7MA7p0fqfjW95y2xbuJlh03x9OwFlRlWz4hcoeuMcspl.RMQkCGKkb1.xLBi7dcQjV.KH.7CbGID7aw2iMAnBFPNP.brQ97.jpi7EvxKOoN_top1_f_lwPrsoctQIV56Fkofku08H9WFEiBkWLe0rUgO_RqU7dw7D3cJArSt3xkhy.DRw0gI.H8PMgmTFJaFkBCUoWLagptPqsSCVCamQ8oWCmcOo_jLGnm9lc.h2sT5MpcT_VwWLECmWpL18OkgJngAFXCiYlnWCIDJ69sNdbBOtYOIuc5vCvjBla4yxt9oUNXKZI_lKI01IQldxhrVYVm0ma3xtE0p3mIJRXkkKt1V8E85v5rJO1USa109fJBr1W8ywHsYenT5MqCaaFFUxTsOvmkR7.o15r.ocr2bo7.KjSt1bL.ax0P51yDLI8yE4Tt0JIfrSXaj.G6dihUnQ13p2.5ZE2UhnF4bsY6HLPWeRhEgJbqusCodLHe2kyQkK371KTF83OdXZhnCvuZSeiWKI8MS7g_IgzO4TTerqokrDP_tF0IauxtyxQWm6v6pj3xyt5Z978aVcGzSCXllYzAIkXgbUCAn0v.2TjxmX41lIMhPXyBHbZVBHpP_Z7EbemBSSk4u_tCx3qXl49PQEoWje_d9ExjFxBGd8_KykLvWvXmEYX6hCOOsjER_i0WcYdw5mGKgDUSmJo8pTCl4p7XBkPDl.qNYh.35tdQNrHmKL.K.ZdJgZ5sGx2VDfOG2X7AsRhenJHCTtgg5yCmIVAolysXGwDXprrp3TLZW5XF_QBcOA6bCceKFOGlBcl6EyI.PlbTAalQY87itgIHLfaiEVulQQuRk_gu.zPPemixGWN8vhhe748invk8jGWbvi0je_Cb_mi9_veLUzCpp50BM6pkelCm3K.iTc1HrGCZopJ_LTOoUNcI5Szc4nkcbARaH5c8FaGB9aoy4ssUeb7im0YvAowIl3vR3v9DAnvPD4vw1v5DlQYvuwUkuBJkKkSogeF8wvI7iO50fZGCzJGe_UOvR5KptXSlZpJ6banfCh2u9bSkPLgf7yJ4tUL_4Sq7HZ5eiMvp9JbS.3bE9tJSd1vZG_z4EJ9QgqFDVLMlj7Ht1MMTAmZCNAeTRgpxUbhmisAaVj_dV2KC9g1uRvIUDNWu2MvmozmLfy1Pxp5gnRoS5VcHYp_myQEuhQIKN8iANCFQV00XGstG5K_dN9Ex9Q6wfkgYOV7cF8S7h2q8mhd2yygeP2A80yjfuH2h1DmRl8oP84_VnRxGmwd3EhCespKwhweja6m4Cqp96p5_w_.B_0fvQ9hgadWTR8imxLEoZxbaFEae2xeOkM9T666tc8MY0Zu.SRI4lxE5ahidInkO76WLdoswND3NSiOD_3e5DvlKUjDhWCVMWzkS80hpQ4xe9VYRQQa1f3DT05IwKaoGbQ4x4lrGqRx_H5ov7fJQd1cqhG1v2a9FzZABa1pM2NIDUmk0jrP.EF.xNlqBc2m_0uSoOjvehqpqPZy.mQsTov80C_2shGuTWC7vgf.sz2GB5iYaIr.bYupkci7o5wwCriqprDbsqAuVvj14FZ1S1oO_wEVT9uERBfxPNTg_Rc3wjYHbPoKwrNcmyYhuFrel5VFRGRBHgNWsY1dSa5un2G6Pk0epc0Fg6dsKktrhEICKPEG8o5.M4QDImTbBNf4xrRpgx0RHOjk_TlQFHAacMq.AHY4iBxkDjHsca1XMOUHqXHl5JtEi2zpxq2SK1GonDNWv_DiMQrOs",mdrd: "Q1g8nUgEgbyPG7Z93s4pJK9MKmSWA8b_63uU6JSnOgw-1739795349-1.2.1.1-wu5Yona9yppGOfGz1F6rhTz8riDGBTiuRPzaWX0dtmDWW2XbEMtVgopJyJSpjkxdTVA.PsaiaEJ7PB8W2uD9jYxP9bx.OQmU34TSjhilj_FM_J.ncaHkviT8W9hNYPgrBLmg36CDMvuGvGC9zMxD1oTFYUvp0BQ93CZkMIcbHksxJyDHJ.iiY17aHeDKOp2UCq_jcqjt8lSpATd5Y.J_Fo8XUBQVJU9sUc15oVZDun9eLcE.deyihzWzhTIkA.dJPTBbsYv5YFj4w3Uf7GG2mF4afWw_32nfTAVGlbFVrjFy_.E73S08nZhoB_FrYzKluIIz1qXB8rsFpsLD06I.fXPbBr3MRH5dYibcvUYrxNTl7OhY_lmiXk9iAM9aWQV8QiodeM0yOjNoVP6lFW6FXavqjrOAc8dpt_0cX1DbQJzueRiI2qL9N8YJ9cADrEL8y7ylcYKIS91I3Ewoh4Ba.sK5uwHzhSIS3eAaVULDwZ1a1uhMjg2FqVF_HGzkosiUGJCl0XactZ0lvTghFpl9M1V7rXme9pyw58O1J8d8uaSJR5p1CRgdsmsuJ7sCD.eyzeXfbic0semXhE6Lv46khTBXntAL8GsRu82bc9cd9sc_R70Edyoc4zsaQjuYS9skIYikYZnlKhRefJIeHvMkDCTKcqUE43PGDmH3oCEnhNfIwPy1_MLmcYrdhb2XKOT4Q1NUc3VMR2mrmRSNs2_Qc4wVbP94bO0H8LzqHGN8Pkk_i17VUHcutkvepCkHkKyewcg3XdxhLt3LjBmdBl7zdtK.mo0Qd.QF03tz4T3ucDyQA8bizvHiyuKuzBXwgZL85kEGc5i39zqhS40AAdN8jPzl2VINjESPuj0VEbNLSOfZ0x5_yE.1FtyzQR.jrEHFidqqXzqR9R5xAcVuVLMOU99J_wLcvoq_DjxAO4J_8Br9pVyEMw3WgDLYhFoBJGNh7LbVHewTIrPxBwO25MZk57BN47.fx2P4YE3zyJYEwqqmBuYAmjPX_4tjl8jbhl.nTUtPibnZPz79nlGaUlQiqkjmh4iYU1q0Zhspdmhpa_qKGLCZJYgZHY4nfn65JKs0Eo1zceii_2pU0MSj7XrlRK0Hfjp.SgwoU6jDxZTZfGswdfoCyudMnKAcqGlXq_BpjkZQX7T8Ch1P3Tf7p1PLjQYb51RYxV0ihYkrfwLmXRJFqeZbZwxx.RqEpYug4.IWznLsdPqUOanBFgXlMLL4KQurhHt1RnAkxQLw7b9ypRlUAELP27S8I47eO6ADQpT8zeGoQFxfDfH6G4a3FlyUhzgn6f0SdFWO_1_BV33txNIytH86kEmIy7PDghCumZxpHtImdpzA5yiF_iR4d5h748w8UJ5zI7cK5f19Fl_7qTy1GV.i.5fRX4CH4ck64qzxUKljTBd7zJiYRE7LYwKEIacukI9gKTOS8ln5HwEl2B7sitmQpT57E8TuBMfFtJWchQVtY1HfOstr_F2YDzJueJ3g6aBsn2qnkA_FCsCPQ4T..Sd4jRR2nhYkZ8Dh9_nXNBcCaUiZrBR6_z_i1_10Pp4hY83qodiUBB9gsaAgp6RHVXl4gnFtGI.PDEvq0l2I2tBRa4AZXeva9sHs5.1iPU.hfnr74FI2y_jHlWCrB3s.6tvAr3Hxft4YDwtCwbRkGsaYGSVYsagSX1kDIIu3UxLmJCWn2mXsud2AyZD0g548qPGgRsqZVMt0bs5wmIdUbobBHUw5xuc56uvnLtDhxaKDNRA.bOyWBO6G1fc8qihdOGApE71EsNIM9AkMY4QdHMwAqyxew_wVgfoOqls.uiYKgcCsgCASLLFk01F6se_PhuvBRlzpkwGB8Z85GY367AJucAOmkrQIbMsH7zsiF1NWyOK9B4260c.G_kiQK70ZN6hV_7yYvum6l0HPFvBoA6_j4XtCmEgZP8jDFZEjqvOu0tUzj10fUvfU2wV1sl.WTPiwoOs.RAQGcwNDxeKunzCBI9ge_d5sewV3sNEVVw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135c8066cd2fce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=economic%20lost&__cf_chl_rt_tk=FtSACAthiaLdBEZSrVQl0st_kT62C.uBL.eguPGnMFs-1739795349-1.0.1.1-2dlfF9J3rFH5nTirSaALQCYkhbCTCxS3qDAWrU429_o" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>