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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Modi_per_esprimere_la_concentrazione[1]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modi_per_esprimere_la_concentrazione[1]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Modi per esprimere la concentrazione<sup><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modi_per_esprimere_la_concentrazione[1]-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Modi per esprimere la concentrazione<sup><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modi_per_esprimere_la_concentrazione[1]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notazione_quantitativa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notazione_quantitativa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Notazione quantitativa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notazione_quantitativa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Concentrazione_massica_(Densità_in_soluzione)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concentrazione_massica_(Densità_in_soluzione)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Concentrazione massica (Densità in soluzione)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concentrazione_massica_(Densità_in_soluzione)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molarità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molarità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Molarità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molarità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densità_di_numero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densità_di_numero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Densità di numero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densità_di_numero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Percentuale_in_volume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Percentuale_in_volume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Percentuale in volume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Percentuale_in_volume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quantità_relative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quantità_relative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Quantità relative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quantità_relative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Normalità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Normalità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Normalità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Normalità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molalità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molalità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Molalità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molalità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frazione_molare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frazione_molare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Frazione molare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frazione_molare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rapporto_di_mescolanza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rapporto_di_mescolanza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Rapporto di mescolanza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rapporto_di_mescolanza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frazione_massica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frazione_massica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Frazione massica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frazione_massica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabella_riassuntiva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabella_riassuntiva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tabella riassuntiva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabella_riassuntiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altre_notazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altre_notazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Altre notazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altre_notazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Concentrazione (chimica)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 67 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsentrasie_(chemie)" title="Konsentrasie (chemie) - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Konsentrasie (chemie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B2_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="تركيز (كيمياء) - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركيز (كيمياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentraci%C3%B3n" title="Concentración - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Concentración" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsentrasyon" title="Konsentrasyon - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Konsentrasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Концентрация на разтвор - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Концентрация на разтвор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="ঘনমাত্রা - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘনমাত্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentraci%C3%B3" title="Concentració - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Concentració" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="خەستی - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەستی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentrace_(chemie)" title="Koncentrace (chemie) - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koncentrace (chemie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82%C4%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Хутăшсен концентрацийĕ - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хутăшсен концентрацийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzentration_(Chemie)" title="Konzentration (Chemie) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konzentration (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Εκφράσεις περιεκτικότητας και συγκέντρωσης διαλυμάτων - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκφράσεις περιεκτικότητας και συγκέντρωσης διαλυμάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration" title="Concentration - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Concentration" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentriteco" title="Koncentriteco - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koncentriteco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentraci%C3%B3n" title="Concentración - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Concentración" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontsentratsioon" title="Kontsentratsioon - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kontsentratsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontzentrazio_(kimika)" title="Kontzentrazio (kimika) - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kontzentrazio (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%B8%D8%AA" title="غلظت - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غلظت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsentraatio" title="Konsentraatio - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Konsentraatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_(op%C3%A9ration_chimique)" title="Concentration (opération chimique) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Concentration (opération chimique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%BAchan_(ceimic)" title="Tiúchan (ceimic) - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tiúchan (ceimic)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentraci%C3%B3n_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Concentración (química) - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Concentración (química)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE" title="સાંદ્રતા - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સાંદ્રતા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%96_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ריכוז (כימיה) - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריכוז (כימיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सान्द्रता - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सान्द्रता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentracija" title="Koncentracija - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Koncentracija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsantrasyon" title="Konsantrasyon - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Konsantrasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentr%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Koncentráció - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koncentráció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կոնցենտրացիա - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոնցենտրացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsentrasi" title="Konsentrasi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsentrasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentro" title="Koncentro - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Koncentro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" title="濃度 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="濃度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Концентрация - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Концентрация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EB%8F%84" title="농도 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="농도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentracija" title="Koncentracija - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Koncentracija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentr%C4%81cija" title="Koncentrācija - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koncentrācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Концентрација - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Концентрација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A2%E0%B4%A4" title="ഗാഢത - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാഢത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Концентраци - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Концентраци" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepekatan" title="Kepekatan - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepekatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentratie_(oplossing)" title="Concentratie (oplossing) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Concentratie (oplossing)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsentrasjon" title="Konsentrasjon - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Konsentrasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsentrasjon_(kjemi)" title="Konsentrasjon (kjemi) - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konsentrasjon (kjemi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C4%99%C5%BCenie" title="Stężenie - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stężenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentra%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Concentração - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Concentração" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentra%C8%9Bie" title="Concentrație - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Concentrație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Концентрация смеси - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Концентрация смеси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentracija" title="Koncentracija - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koncentracija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration" title="Concentration - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Concentration" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentr%C3%A1cia" title="Koncentrácia - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koncentrácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentracija" title="Koncentracija - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Koncentracija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutapiri" title="Hutapiri - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hutapiri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Концентрација - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Концентрација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentration" title="Koncentration - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koncentration" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="செறிவு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செறிவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="ความเข้มข้น - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความเข้มข้น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deri%C5%9Fim" title="Derişim - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Derişim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Концентрація розчину - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Концентрація розчину" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2_(%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="ارتکاز (کیمیا) - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارتکاز (کیمیا)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsentratsiya" title="Konsentratsiya - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Konsentratsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%99" title="Nồng độ - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nồng độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsentrasyon" title="Konsentrasyon - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Konsentrasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6" title="浓度 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="浓度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Concentration" title="I-Concentration - xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Concentration" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6" title="浓度 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="浓度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4ng-t%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Lông-tō͘ - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lông-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" title="濃度 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="濃度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dilution-concentration_simple_example.it.jpg/310px-Dilution-concentration_simple_example.it.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Dilution-concentration_simple_example.it.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="154" /></a><figcaption>Esempi di soluzioni diluite e concentrate. La concentrazione è evidenziata qualitativamente dalla colorazione data dall'inchiostro.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>concentrazione</b> di un componente in una <a href="/wiki/Miscela_(chimica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miscela (chimica)">miscela</a> è una grandezza che esprime il <a href="/wiki/Rapporto_(matematica)" title="Rapporto (matematica)">rapporto</a> tra la <a href="/wiki/Quantit%C3%A0_di_sostanza" title="Quantità di sostanza">quantità</a> del componente rispetto alla quantità totale di tutti i componenti della miscela (compreso il suddetto componente), o, in alcuni modi di esprimerla, del componente più abbondante. </p><p>Nel caso specifico di una <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">soluzione</a> (che è un tipo particolare di miscela), la concentrazione di un determinato <a href="/wiki/Soluto" title="Soluto">soluto</a> nella soluzione esprime il rapporto tra la quantità del soluto rispetto alla quantità totale di soluzione, o, in alcuni modi di esprimerla, del solo solvente (ad esempio <a href="/wiki/Molalit%C3%A0" title="Molalità">molalità</a>). </p><p>Quando la sostanza in esame ha una concentrazione molto elevata nella miscela, si parla in genere di <b>purezza</b>; se non è diversamente specificato, la purezza viene intesa come la percentuale in peso della sostanza in esame rispetto al peso totale della miscela. Ad esempio se un <a href="/wiki/Campione_(scienze)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campione (scienze)">campione</a> di 100 grammi di <a href="/wiki/Argento" title="Argento">argento</a> presenta una purezza del 99,9% vuol dire che tale campione contiene 99,9 <a href="/wiki/Grammo" title="Grammo">grammi</a> di argento e 0,1 grammi di altre sostanze (dette <b>impurezze</b>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modi_per_esprimere_la_concentrazione[1]"><span id="Modi_per_esprimere_la_concentrazione.5B1.5D"></span>Modi per esprimere la concentrazione<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Modi per esprimere la concentrazione[1]" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Modi per esprimere la concentrazione[1]"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r119427926">.mw-parser-output .responsive-columns{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:-20px}.mw-parser-output .responsive-columns>div{flex:1 1;margin:0 20px 20px 0}</style><div class="responsive-columns" style=""> <div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notazione_quantitativa">Notazione quantitativa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Notazione quantitativa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Notazione quantitativa"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concentrazione_massica_(Densità_in_soluzione)"><span id="Concentrazione_massica_.28Densit.C3.A0_in_soluzione.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_massica" title="Concentrazione massica">Concentrazione massica</a> (Densità in soluzione)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Concentrazione massica (Densità in soluzione)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Concentrazione massica (Densità in soluzione)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La densità in soluzione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f9e51d2ad9cab8f8a5d962502ddf4189b713f7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.002ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{i}}"></span> indica il rapporto tra la massa del soluto <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/95ec8e804f69706d3f5ad235f4f983220c8df7c2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{i}}"></span> rispetto al volume dell'intera soluzione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{i}={\frac {m_{i}}{V}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{i}={\frac {m_{i}}{V}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1d524e6362380c5a7acdb6eee1def2cffe9b07b2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.423ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{i}={\frac {m_{i}}{V}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>La densità in soluzione si esprime in kg/m<sup>3</sup> (pari a g/L). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Molarità"><span id="Molarit.C3.A0"></span><a href="/wiki/Molarit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Molarità">Molarità</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Molarità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Molarità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La molarità (o concentrazione molare) <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/01acb7953ba52c2aa44264b5d0f8fd223aa178a2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.807ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{i}}"></span> si definisce come il rapporto del <a href="/wiki/Mole" title="Mole">numero di moli</a> del soluto <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57f87f905ba5a4d8c691ccaecd65fc47bd007ba4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.194ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{i}}"></span> rispetto al volume della soluzione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span> in litri: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{V}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{V}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e7f78db08bfc0d6df94dbb4268baa5acea85ee0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.582ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{V}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>L'unità di misura della molarità sono i kmol/m<sup>3</sup> (che, si ricorda, equivalgono a mol/L, a loro volta pari a mol/dm<sup>3</sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Densità_di_numero"><span id="Densit.C3.A0_di_numero"></span><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_di_numero" title="Densità di numero">Densità di numero</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Densità di numero" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Densità di numero"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La densità di numero <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc49dc02c0ec8c86b67e7d10518ac791eda0bf22" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.461ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{i}}"></span> indica il numero di determinati oggetti <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fef58cebf23adff9199f17325aefb5515fdca99d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.666ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{i}}"></span> per unità di volume <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{i}={\frac {N_{i}}{V}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{i}={\frac {N_{i}}{V}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33ff38696989c2f5ff2f220c3f6c9c0777cb681c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.709ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{i}={\frac {N_{i}}{V}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>La densità di numero è misurata in 1/m<sup>3</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Percentuale_in_volume">Percentuale in volume</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Percentuale in volume" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Percentuale in volume"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La percentuale in volume <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi _{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi _{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0182dbf29b54844c92fd9b0311778a02a38398ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.185ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi _{i}}"></span> corrisponde ai millilitri (mL) di soluto <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f300b83673e961a9d48f3862216b167f94e5668c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.155ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{i}}"></span> disciolti in 100 millilitri di soluzione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi _{i}={\frac {V_{i}}{V}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi _{i}={\frac {V_{i}}{V}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/603bc7221ce10ae04256322ce8695c8e728488cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.921ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi _{i}={\frac {V_{i}}{V}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Trattandosi di una grandezza adimensionale, la percentuale in volume è definita da un numero o da una percentuale (per esempio, 0,18 o 18%). </p> </div> <div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quantità_relative"><span id="Quantit.C3.A0_relative"></span>Quantità relative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Quantità relative" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Quantità relative"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Normalità"><span id="Normalit.C3.A0"></span><a href="/wiki/Normalit%C3%A0_(chimica)" title="Normalità (chimica)">Normalità</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Normalità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Normalità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La normalità indica il numero di <a href="/wiki/Equivalente" title="Equivalente">equivalenti</a> di un soluto disciolti in un <a href="/wiki/Litro" title="Litro">litro</a> di soluzione. Si calcola con la formula:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N={\frac {n_{eq}}{V}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N={\frac {n_{eq}}{V}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/30f96ddd36f95902ad9739b492c6326b64cfb792" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.148ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N={\frac {n_{eq}}{V}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Questa grandezza oggi è abolita sia dalla IUPAC che dal Sistema Internazionale, ma si continua comunque a farne uso. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Molalità"><span id="Molalit.C3.A0"></span><a href="/wiki/Molalit%C3%A0" title="Molalità">Molalità</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Molalità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Molalità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La molalità <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40a8c2db2990a53c683e75961826167c5adac7c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.797ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{i}}"></span>, da non confondersi con la molarità, è definita come il rapporto tra il numero di moli del soluto <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57f87f905ba5a4d8c691ccaecd65fc47bd007ba4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.194ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{i}}"></span> e la massa del solvente <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{\mathrm {solvente} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{\mathrm {solvente} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75fe1fcbc0019a0efb6e58ffbca689a9a386cf2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.082ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{\mathrm {solvente} }}"></span> espressa in chilogrammi (<i>non</i> la massa della soluzione). </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{m_{\mathrm {solvente} }}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{m_{\mathrm {solvente} }}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c813fd529d759ecd47b2de0f854540013260e099" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:14.46ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{m_{\mathrm {solvente} }}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>La molalità si esprime, quindi, in mol/kg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frazione_molare"><a href="/wiki/Frazione_molare" title="Frazione molare">Frazione molare</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Frazione molare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Frazione molare"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La frazione molare <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a0b6d651eaf432dbf1f106021c8bb499ae83fd1f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.848ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{i}}"></span> è definita come il rapporto della quantità di sostanza della specie chimica in questione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57f87f905ba5a4d8c691ccaecd65fc47bd007ba4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.194ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{i}}"></span> e la quantità di sostanza di tutte le specie presenti nella miscela: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{n_{\mathrm {tot} }}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{n_{\mathrm {tot} }}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5591b3ce9b20962868a3d1b71428862d4d557601" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:10.158ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{n_{\mathrm {tot} }}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rapporto_di_mescolanza"><a href="/wiki/Rapporto_di_mescolanza" title="Rapporto di mescolanza">Rapporto di mescolanza</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Rapporto di mescolanza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Rapporto di mescolanza"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il rapporto di mescolanza <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a0b6d651eaf432dbf1f106021c8bb499ae83fd1f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.848ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{i}}"></span> è il rapporto tra la massa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{v}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{v}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/12e3b751f18404b709fc4071f7a0e8c640b2c725" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.07ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{v}}"></span> di vapore acqueo e la massa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{d}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{d}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/606b2d0f611032bd53bdadecb41837ab6dd59706" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.132ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{d}}"></span> d'aria secca contenute in una certa massa d'aria umida: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{i}={\frac {m_{v}}{m_{d}}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{i}={\frac {m_{v}}{m_{d}}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/362ac8b5ade67a317a5851e9ced9392afc29b8fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:9.562ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{i}={\frac {m_{v}}{m_{d}}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frazione_massica"><a href="/wiki/Frazione_massica" title="Frazione massica">Frazione massica</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Frazione massica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Frazione massica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La frazione ponderale (della massa) <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w_{soluto}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w_{soluto}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33408879ad2726e41880178a4a0f0ffbac5b8d6c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.286ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w_{soluto}}"></span> definita come il rapporto tra la massa della specie chimica in questione e la massa totale della miscela. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w_{soluto}={\frac {m_{soluto}}{m_{soluto}+m_{solvente}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w_{soluto}={\frac {m_{soluto}}{m_{soluto}+m_{solvente}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/401fff282c946b6edb356ef5111e4dadd22db17c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:27.965ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w_{soluto}={\frac {m_{soluto}}{m_{soluto}+m_{solvente}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Trattandosi di una grandezza adimensionale, la percentuale in massa è definita da un numero o da una percentuale (per esempio, 0,23 o 23%). </p> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tabella_riassuntiva">Tabella riassuntiva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Tabella riassuntiva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Tabella riassuntiva"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tipo di concentrazione </th> <th>Simbolo </th> <th>Definizione </th> <th>Unità di misura </th> <th>Altre unità </th></tr> <tr> <td>percentuale massa/volume </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f9e51d2ad9cab8f8a5d962502ddf4189b713f7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.002ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{i}}"></span> o <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma _{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma _{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/907e4a28946d45e5cbf3cf3c6c48de68296039c4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.004ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma _{i}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{i}/V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{i}/V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/44e378717ac88ac1cf55e83c472cf617fa10e52d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.79ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{i}/V}"></span> </td> <td>kg/m<sup>3</sup> </td> <td>g/100mL (= g/dL) </td></tr> <tr> <td>concentrazione molare </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/01acb7953ba52c2aa44264b5d0f8fd223aa178a2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.807ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{i}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{i}/V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{i}/V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/61397a4145c8f11c7a9bd43b43a95e0607322cd8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.144ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{i}/V}"></span> </td> <td>mol/m<sup>3</sup> </td> <td>M (= mol/L) </td></tr> <tr> <td>densità di numero </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc49dc02c0ec8c86b67e7d10518ac791eda0bf22" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.461ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{i}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{i}/V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{i}/V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/750a8b099f22cf3b88a88d9e42b46d2b50b997be" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.616ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{i}/V}"></span> </td> <td>1/m<sup>3</sup> </td> <td>1/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>percentuale in volume </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi _{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi _{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0182dbf29b54844c92fd9b0311778a02a38398ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.185ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi _{i}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{i}/V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{i}/V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c81b90fb6a6c901dbbcc27c99f3eacda5f726fa4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.105ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{i}/V}"></span> </td> <td>m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> </td> <td>%, ‰, ppm, ppb, ppt </td></tr> <tr> <th>Quantità relative </th> <th>Simbolo </th> <th>Definizione </th> <th>Unità di misura </th> <th>Altre unità </th></tr> <tr> <td>normalità </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{i}/f_{\mathrm {eq} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{i}/f_{\mathrm {eq} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3e0bc3c707f30869163f61d256759074ef897600" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.95ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{i}/f_{\mathrm {eq} }}"></span> </td> <td>mol/m<sup>3</sup> </td> <td>N (= mol/L) </td></tr> <tr> <td>molalità </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40a8c2db2990a53c683e75961826167c5adac7c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.797ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{i}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{i}/m_{\mathrm {solvente} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{i}/m_{\mathrm {solvente} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b89d597d9f20d6b6cecbbc59f04293a43b9d49c4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.438ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{i}/m_{\mathrm {solvente} }}"></span> </td> <td>mol/kg </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>frazione molare </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e87000dd6142b81d041896a30fe58f0c3acb2158" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.129ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{i}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{i}/n_{\mathrm {tot} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{i}/n_{\mathrm {tot} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4bf4aec2df344b35138d5bf6f7a42205d43852cc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.085ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{i}/n_{\mathrm {tot} }}"></span> </td> <td>mol/mol </td> <td>ppm, ppb, ppt </td></tr> <tr> <td>rapporto di mescolanza </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a0b6d651eaf432dbf1f106021c8bb499ae83fd1f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.848ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{i}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{i}/(n_{\mathrm {tot} }-n_{i})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{i}/(n_{\mathrm {tot} }-n_{i})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b77967d981571209289432a7bf4c766d674ac3a0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.929ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{i}/(n_{\mathrm {tot} }-n_{i})}"></span> </td> <td>mol/mol </td> <td>ppm, ppb, ppt </td></tr> <tr> <td>frazione massica </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe22f0329d3ecb2e1880d44d191aba0e5475db68" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.464ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w_{i}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{i}/m_{\mathrm {tot} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{i}/m_{\mathrm {tot} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/44b4b53a15fe1f11c25add5d4c40a1e059004274" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.377ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{i}/m_{\mathrm {tot} }}"></span> </td> <td>kg/kg </td> <td>%, ‰, ppm, ppb, ppt </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altre_notazioni">Altre notazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Altre notazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Altre notazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel caso di soluzioni acquose (per cui la densità è prossima all'unità) si assimila la concentrazione (in massa sul volume) in g/L a concentrazione per mille (‰). Questa notazione è usata, ad esempio, nel settore enologico (i disciplinari impiegano la concentrazione per mille per designare l'acidità o l'estratto secco nel vino)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Similmente, sempre per soluzioni acquose, la concentrazione espressa in % equivale a 10 g/l (ad esempio acqua zuccherata a 70 g/l equivale al 7%). In campo farmaceutico la soluzione fisiologica, ad esempio al 3%, esprime 3 g di NaCl (sale) disciolti in 100 ml di acqua purificata. Idem la soluzione nutrizionale parentale di tipo zuccherino al 5% (1 ml di soluzione acquosa contiene 5 g di glucosio disciolti). </p><p>Notazione complementare alla % è il <b>rapporto relativo</b> <i>soluto:miscela</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in peso o volume) con notazione <i>Q<sub>soluto</sub> : Q<sub>miscela</sub></i> (es. rapporto zucchero-bevanda 3:100). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Unione_internazionale_di_chimica_pura_e_applicata" title="Unione internazionale di chimica pura e applicata">IUPAC</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Compendium_of_Chemical_Terminology" title="Compendium of Chemical Terminology">Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a></i>, seconda edizione (1997). (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01222.html">concentration</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSilvestroni">Silvestroni</a>, p. 238</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vinacciolo.it/viewPage.asp?rif=75">Colline novaresi DOC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">In alcuni casi (a meno che non sia diversamente esplicitato) si fa un errore concettuale perché si riporta alla quantità del <b>solvente</b> e non alla quantità della <b>miscela</b> (soluto + solvente) cioè rispetto al totale. Questo accade perché in molte casi pratici di miscele, la quantità di solvente è molto maggiore di quella del soluto.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBird" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> R. Byron Bird, Warren E. Stewart, Edwin N. Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libreriauniversitaria.it/fenomeni-trasporto-bird-byron-cea/libro/9788840800516"><span style="font-style:italic;">Fenomeni di trasporto</span></a>, a cura di Enzo Sebastiani, Milano, Casa editrice ambrosiana, 1979, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-408-0051-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-408-0051-4">88-408-0051-4</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSilvestroni" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Silvestroni, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fondamenti di chimica</span>, 10ª ed., CEA, 1996, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-408-0998-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-408-0998-8">88-408-0998-8</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costante_di_equilibrio" title="Costante di equilibrio">Costante di equilibrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diluizione_infinita" title="Diluizione infinita">Diluizione infinita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composizione_chimica" title="Composizione chimica">Composizione chimica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croce_di_sant%27Andrea_(chimica)" title="Croce di sant'Andrea (chimica)">Croce di sant'Andrea (chimica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_analitica" title="Concentrazione analitica">Concentrazione analitica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titolazione_(chimica)" title="Titolazione (chimica)">Titolazione (chimica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purezza_(gas)" title="Purezza (gas)">Purezza (gas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titolo_di_vapore" title="Titolo di vapore">Titolo di vapore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/concentrazione_(chimica)" class="extiw" title="wikt:concentrazione (chimica)">Wikizionario</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/concentrazione_(chimica)" class="extiw" title="wikt:concentrazione (chimica)">concentrazione</a></b>»</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentrazione_(chimica)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/concentration-chemistry"><span style="font-style:italic;">concentration</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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