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Materials and Manufacturing | Technical Briefs, Design Engineering News
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Electronics must be...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52531-doc-9559" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52504-soft-bioelectronic-sensor-implant">Soft, Bioelectronic Sensor Implant</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52504" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and New York’s Columbia University have embedded transistors in a soft, conformable material to create a biocompatible sensor implant that monitors...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52504" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52504-soft-bioelectronic-sensor-implant"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738353412/sites/tb/features-16x9/52504/20250203_electronics_sensors_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> News: Unmanned Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52508-uxv-35-a-new-approach-to-lowering-the-cost-of-designing-drones">UxV/35: A New Approach to Lowering the Cost of Designing Drones</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52508" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> On the first episode of Season 7 of the Aerospace & Defense Technology podcast, Dom Koenig, Marketing Manager, Kairos Autonomi, explains how the UxV/35 standard could be used to lower the cost of designing and manufacturing drones in the future.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52508" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52508-uxv-35-a-new-approach-to-lowering-the-cost-of-designing-drones"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738551895/sites/tb/features-16x9/52508/020325-tb-podcast-uxv35_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: Wearables</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52483-products-of-tomorrow-tb-0225">Products of Tomorrow</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52483" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the products of tomorrow, including a nanorobotic hand made of DNA that can grab viruses for detection or inhibition developed at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; a new and improved wearable ultrasound patch for continuous and noninvasive blood pressure monitoring developed at the University of California San Diego; and soft and intelligent sensor materials based on ceramic particles developed at Empa’s Laboratory for High-Performance Ceramics.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52483" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52483-products-of-tomorrow-tb-0225"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738248085/sites/tb/features-16x9/52483/tb-0225-p6_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52470-providing-robots-a-soft-touch-using-3d-printing">Providing Robots a Soft Touch Using 3D Printing</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52470" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A recent study demonstrates that soft skin pads doubling as sensors made from thermoplastic urethane can be efficiently manufactured using 3D printers. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52470" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52470-providing-robots-a-soft-touch-using-3d-printing"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738256076/sites/tb/features-16x9/52470/tb-0225-p28_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Photonics/Optics</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52468-new-ar-glasses-use-ai-enhanced-holographic-imaging">New AR Glasses Use AI-Enhanced Holographic Imaging</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52468" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Researchers in the emerging field of spatial computing have developed a prototype augmented reality headset that uses holographic imaging to overlay full-color, 3D moving images on the lenses of what would appear to be an ordinary pair of glasses. Read on to learn more about it.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52468" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52468-new-ar-glasses-use-ai-enhanced-holographic-imaging"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738257663/sites/tb/features-16x9/52468/tb-0225-p26_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Software</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52467-building-quantum-computers-of-the-future">Building Quantum Computers of the Future</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52467" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> This advance could enable quantum computers that use programmable optical qubits or “spin-photon qubits” to connect quantum nodes across a remote network. It could also advance a quantum internet that is not only more secure but could also transmit more data than current optical-fiber information technologies. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52467" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52467-building-quantum-computers-of-the-future"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738257795/sites/tb/features-16x9/52467/tb-0225-p25_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Green Design & Manufacturing</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52466-new-glass-is-more-damage-resistant-greener">New Glass is More Damage Resistant, Greener</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52466" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Worldwide, glass manufacturing produces at least 86 million tons of carbon dioxide every year. A new type of glass aims to cut this carbon footprint in half. Read on to learn more about the invention: LionGlass, engineered at Penn State.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52466" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52466-new-glass-is-more-damage-resistant-greener"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738258842/sites/tb/features-16x9/52466/tb-0225-p24_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: RF & Microwave Electronics</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52464-a-new-way-to-stretch-diamond-for-better-quantum-bits">A New Way to Stretch Diamond for Better Quantum Bits</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52464" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A future quantum network may become less of a stretch thanks to researchers at the Argonne National Laboratory, the University of Chicago, and Cambridge University. By “stretching” thin films of diamond, they created quantum bits that can operate with significantly reduced equipment and expense. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52464" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52464-a-new-way-to-stretch-diamond-for-better-quantum-bits"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738259227/sites/tb/features-16x9/52464/tb-0225-p22_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: Semiconductors & ICs</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52462-a-dicing-proposition-driving-zero-defects-in-todays-intelligent-vehicles">A Dicing Proposition: Driving Zero Defects in Today’s Intelligent Vehicles </a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52462" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Read on to learn about the factors that go into driving zero defects in today’s intelligent vehicles.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52462" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52462-a-dicing-proposition-driving-zero-defects-in-todays-intelligent-vehicles"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738255436/sites/tb/features-16x9/52462/tb-0225-p16_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52539-doc-9562"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1738759353/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Space-Technology-SR-0125.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52539-doc-9562">Space Technology - January 2025</a></h5> Engineering NASA's next great space telescope…how to build a better rocket…the groundbreaking material that could propel future space travel. Read about these and other exciting advances in this compendium of...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52539-doc-9562" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-pen-fancy me-1"></i> Blog: Design</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52499-a-new-shape-changing-polymer-for-better-soft-material-construction">A New Shape-Changing Polymer for Better Soft Material Construction</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52499" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A team of scientists has created a new shape-changing polymer that could transform how future soft materials are constructed.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52499" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52499-a-new-shape-changing-polymer-for-better-soft-material-construction"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738300788/sites/tb/features-16x9/52499/013125-tb-blog_molecule_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Automotive</h6></div> <div id="f2_52271" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52271-phase-change-materials-in-electric-vehicles-trends-and-a-roadmap-for-the-future"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1736437858/sites/ae/features-16x9/52271/honeywell-phase-change-materials-800_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52271-phase-change-materials-in-electric-vehicles-trends-and-a-roadmap-for-the-future">Phase Change Materials in Electric Vehicles: Trends and a Roadmap for the Future</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52271" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) in electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining momentum as the industry seeks innovative solutions to enhance thermal...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Software</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52538-doc-9561"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1738759102/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Electric-Vehicles-SR-0125.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52538-doc-9561">Electric Vehicles - January 2025</a></h5> In this collection of articles from the editors of Automotive Engineering and Battery & Electrification Technology, learn about the latest materials innovations, thermal management advances, battery...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52538-doc-9561" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Materials</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52435-doc-9552"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1738093631/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Master-Bond_The-Engineers-Guide-to-Low-Outgassing-Adhesives.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52435-doc-9552">eBook: The Engineer’s Guide to Low Outgassing Adhesives</a></h5> The ASTM E595 standard, developed by NASA, serves as a critical benchmark for evaluating outgassing characteristics in adhesive systems. Learn how to select adhesive systems that meet...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52435-doc-9552" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Materials</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/40621-doc-8427"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1689660217/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Master-Bond_How-Dual-Curing-Adhesives-Improve-Manufacturing.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/40621-doc-8427">How Dual-Curing Adhesives (UV Light + Heat ) Improve Manufacturing</a></h5> For a UV curable adhesive, the cure initiates after exposure to UV light at a wavelength that is specific to the photo-initiator used in the formula. A dual cure adhesive has...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/40621-doc-8427" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52390-integrating-and-testing-the-nancy-grace-roman-space-telescope">Integrating and Testing the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52390" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In this video, we provide an overview of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope’s mission, capabilities and timeline to launch.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52390" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52390-integrating-and-testing-the-nancy-grace-roman-space-telescope"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1736878401/sites/tb/features-16x9/52390/wfi-install-copy-copy_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-pen-fancy me-1"></i> Blog: Materials</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52389-replacing-thick-insulation-with-thin-mxenes">Replacing Thick Insulation with Thin MXenes</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52389" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Research reports that MXenes, a class of 2D materials originally discovered at Drexel University in 2011, demonstrate the rare combination of high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52389" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52389-replacing-thick-insulation-with-thin-mxenes"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1736790383/sites/tb/features-16x9/52389/011425-tb-blog-mxenes_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_22_modid_365',target_pos:'22',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_22_modid_365' class=""></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Technology & Society: Design</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52354-how-aisee-can-make-the-blind-see">How AiSee Can Make the Blind ‘See’</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52354" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> AiSee is a smart headphone equipped with an integrated camera, microphone, and an AI-powered software architecture. It “sees” what’s in front of the user, “hears” what the user says, and is able “speak” to the user.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52354" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52354-how-aisee-can-make-the-blind-see"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1737050513/sites/tb/features-16x9/52354/tb-0225-ts-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Materials</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52375-doc-9542"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1737500234/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/TE-Connectivity_Overcoming-Galvanic-Compatibility-Challenges-in-EMI-Shielding.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52375-doc-9542">Overcoming Galvanic Compatibility Challenges in EMI Shielding</a></h5> When designing products containing metal components, it is important to consider the effects of corrosion early in the design process. Adopting the appropriate design strategy at the...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52375-doc-9542" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Connectivity</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52363-doc-9540"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1736289601/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Amphenol_Exploring-AI-in-Robotics-and-Industrial-Automation.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52363-doc-9540">Exploring AI in Robotics & Industrial Automation</a></h5> Compute The shift towards automation has transformed the way businesses operate, forever altering the face of the industrial floor. At the heart of this revolution lies the powerful combination...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52363-doc-9540" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> NASA Spinoff: Aerospace</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52353-nasas-electric-thrusters-keep-commercial-satellites-on-the-clock">NASA’s Electric Thrusters Keep Commercial Satellites on the Clock</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52353" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> NASA’s advancements in materials research for ion thrusters enabled Orbion Space Technology to bring high-efficiency ion thrusters to the commercial satellite industry.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52353" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52353-nasas-electric-thrusters-keep-commercial-satellites-on-the-clock"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1737050250/sites/tb/features-16x9/52353/tb-0225-spinoff-fig3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Quiz: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52350-how-much-do-you-know-about-industrial-robotics">How Much Do You Know About Industrial Robotics?</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52350" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Industrial robots are playing a continually increasing role in manufacturing worldwide. It’s therefore important that we in the tech industries have a good understanding of what they are, what they do, and what they can do. How much do you know about industrial robotics? Test your knowledge with this quiz.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52350" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52350-how-much-do-you-know-about-industrial-robotics"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735833405/sites/tb/features-16x9/52350/010325-tb-quiz_robot_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52344-the-state-of-ai-manufacturing-2025">The State of AI: Manufacturing 2025 </a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52344" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> AI represents a tremendous opportunity across the manufacturing industry. To successfully implement and benefit from AI in 2025, manufacturers will need to develop a clear AI strategy, optimize operations, and manage risks. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52344" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52344-the-state-of-ai-manufacturing-2025"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735644803/sites/tb/features-16x9/52344/tb-0125-p9_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-tv me-1"></i> Videos of the Month: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52343-videos-of-the-month-tb-0125">Videos of the Month</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52343" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the videos of month, including one on UW researchers developing a flexible, durable electronic prototype that can harvest energy from body heat and turn it into electricity that can be used to power small electronics; one on Purdue University researchers using both ultrasonic waves and X-ray CT to “see inside” manufactured objects nondestructively; one on Rotograb, a robotic hand that merges the dexterity of human hands with the strength and efficiency of industrial grippers; and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52343" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52343-videos-of-the-month-tb-0125"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735601148/sites/tb/features-16x9/52343/tb-0125-p8_fig2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: Manned Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52339-products-of-tomorrow-tb-0125">Products of Tomorrow</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52339" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the products of tomorrow, including the world’s first soft touchpad that can sense the force, area, and location of contact without electricity; a hydrogel that retains the semiconductive ability needed to transmit information between living tissue and machine; and a thin film sensor that measures temperatures up to 1200 °F.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52339" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52339-products-of-tomorrow-tb-0125"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735609954/sites/tb/features-16x9/52339/tb-0125-p4_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52337-new-on-the-market-0125">New on the Market</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52337" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See what's new on the market, including Cotronics' Duralco™ 215, an alumina ceramic-based high temperature coating, specially developed for impregnating and coating electrical products to 2500 ºF; COMSOL's Multiphysics ® version 6.3, which delivers new features and capability updates for efficient physics modeling and simulation app development; Binder's angled M5 panel mount connectors; and much more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52337" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52337-new-on-the-market-0125"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735708738/sites/tb/features-16x9/52337/tb-0125-p35_fig4r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Energy</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52335-critical-minerals-recovery-from-electronic-waste">Critical Minerals Recovery from Electronic Waste</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52335" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A PNNL research team used a simple mixed-salt water-based solution and their knowledge of metal properties to separate valuable minerals in continuously flowing reaction chambers. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52335" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52335-critical-minerals-recovery-from-electronic-waste"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735701275/sites/tb/features-16x9/52335/tb-0125-p33_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div></div></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mt-4"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing?start=0"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary "> MORE STORIES<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></div></div></div></div> <div class="right-column col-lg-4 col-md-5 col-12 mt-md-0 mt-4"> <div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script 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