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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Laurel and Hardy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Laurel_and_Hardy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Laurel and Hardy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Laurel_and_Hardy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trouble_at_Roach_Studio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trouble_at_Roach_Studio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Trouble at Roach Studio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trouble_at_Roach_Studio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardy's_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardy's_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hardy's death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardy's_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Laurel_and_Hardy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Laurel_and_Hardy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>After Laurel and Hardy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Laurel_and_Hardy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stan Laurel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ستان لوريل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستان لوريل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84" title="استن لورل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استن لورل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="স্ট্যান লরেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ট্যান লরেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Стан Лаурел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стан Лаурел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9B%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Σταν Λόρελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σταν Λόρελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84" title="استن لورل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استن لورل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0_%EB%A1%9C%EB%9F%B4" title="스탠 로럴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스탠 로럴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Սթեն Լորել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սթեն Լորել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C" title="סטן לורל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטן לורל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="स्टॅन लॉरेल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्टॅन लॉरेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ستان لوريل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ستان لوريل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AB" title="スタン・ローレル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スタン・ローレル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Стэн Лорел – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стэн Лорел" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%84" title="ستان لۆرێل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ستان لۆرێل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுடான் லாரல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுடான் லாரல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Stan Laurel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Стен Лорел – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стен Лорел" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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searchaux" style="display:none">English actor (1890–1965)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Stan Laurel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stan_Laurel_c1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Stan_Laurel_c1920.jpg/220px-Stan_Laurel_c1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Stan_Laurel_c1920.jpg/330px-Stan_Laurel_c1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Stan_Laurel_c1920.jpg/440px-Stan_Laurel_c1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Laurel <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1929</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Arthur Stanley Jefferson</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1890-06-16</span>)</span>16 June 1890<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 February 1965<span style="display:none">(1965-02-23)</span> (aged 74)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park_(Hollywood_Hills)" title="Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)">Forest Lawn Memorial Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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(";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actor</li><li>comedian</li><li>director</li><li>entertainer</li><li>writer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1906–1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lois_Neilson" title="Lois Neilson">Lois Neilson</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1926; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1935)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Virginia Ruth Rogers</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1935; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1937)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-line-margin3px"></div> <div class="marriage-display-ws"> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1941; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1946)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Vera Ivanova Shuvalova</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1938; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1940)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Ida Kitaeva Raphael</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1946)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mae_Dahlberg" title="Mae Dahlberg">Mae Dahlberg</a> (1917–1925)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laurel-and-hardy.com">laurel-and-hardy<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stan_Laurel_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Stan_Laurel_signature.svg/150px-Stan_Laurel_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Stan_Laurel_signature.svg/225px-Stan_Laurel_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Stan_Laurel_signature.svg/300px-Stan_Laurel_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="144" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stan Laurel</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɒr/: 'or' in 'moral'">ɒr</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LORR</span>-əl</i></a>; born <b>Arthur Stanley Jefferson</b>; 16 June 1890 – 23 February 1965) was an English comic actor, director and writer who was one half of the comedy <a href="/wiki/Double_act" title="Double act">duo</a> <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He appeared with his comedy partner <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hardy" title="Oliver Hardy">Oliver Hardy</a> in 107 short films, feature films and cameo roles.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laurel began his career in <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a>, where he developed a number of his standard comic devices, including the <a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler hat</a>, the deep comic gravity and the nonsensical understatement, and developed his skills in <a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">pantomime</a> and music hall sketches. He was a member of "<a href="/wiki/Fred_Karno" title="Fred Karno">Fred Karno</a>'s Army", where he was <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>'s understudy.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCabe_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCabe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and Chaplin arrived in the United States on the same ship from the United Kingdom with the Karno troupe.<sup id="cite_ref-Karno_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karno-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laurel began his film career in 1917 and made his final appearance in 1951. He appeared with his comic partner Oliver Hardy in the film short <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lucky_Dog" title="The Lucky Dog">The Lucky Dog</a></i> in 1921, although they did not become an official team until late 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then appeared exclusively with Hardy until retiring after his comedy partner's death in 1957. </p><p>In April 1961, at the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Academy_Awards#Academy_Honorary_Awards" title="33rd Academy Awards">33rd Academy Awards</a>, Laurel was given an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a> for his pioneering work in comedy, and he has a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> at 7021 Hollywood Boulevard. Laurel and Hardy were ranked top among best <a href="/wiki/Double_act" title="Double act">double acts</a> and seventh overall in a 2005 UK poll to find the <i>Comedians' Comedian</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Legacy_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legacy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Laurel topped a list of the greatest British comedians compiled by a panel on the television channel <a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold (British TV channel)">Gold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, a bronze statue of the duo was unveiled in Laurel's hometown of <a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulverston%27s_most_famous_son_-_geograph.org.uk_-_151570.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ulverston%27s_most_famous_son_-_geograph.org.uk_-_151570.jpg/220px-Ulverston%27s_most_famous_son_-_geograph.org.uk_-_151570.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ulverston%27s_most_famous_son_-_geograph.org.uk_-_151570.jpg/330px-Ulverston%27s_most_famous_son_-_geograph.org.uk_-_151570.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ulverston%27s_most_famous_son_-_geograph.org.uk_-_151570.jpg/440px-Ulverston%27s_most_famous_son_-_geograph.org.uk_-_151570.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Plaque at Laurel's birthplace in <a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Arthur Stanley Jefferson was born on 16 June 1890 in his grandparents' house in <a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Arthur J. Jefferson, an actor and theatre manager from <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Auckland" title="Bishop Auckland">Bishop Auckland</a>, and Margaret (née Metcalfe), an actress from Ulverston. He was one of five children.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of them was Edward, an actor who appeared in four of Stan's shorts. </p><p> His parents were very active in the theatre, frequently travelling around the country. Consequently, Laurel, who was too young to travel, lived in Ulverston with his grandparents, George and Sarah Metcalfe, for the first seven years of his life. He became very familiar with Ulverston. He attended services with his religious grandparents at Holy Trinity Church, which is close to Argyle Street and is where his parents were married. He was fond of Beer's treacle toffee from Gillam's general store on Market Street. Laurel remembered the treat in later life, writing to family in England in January 1950:</p><blockquote><p>I used to go shopping on Market Street with Grandma Metcalfe -- that was a big treat for me. Beers Treacle toffee, it sure was good!<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Laurel, who had a lifelong love of fishing, used to take a rod to Ulverston's canal, learning from his uncle John Shaw. His favourite place was beyond the old North Lonsdale Iron and Steel Company Ltd, close to his home in Argyle Street. Just behind him was the viaduct carrying the railway from <a href="/wiki/Carnforth" title="Carnforth">Carnforth</a>. Laurel in later years would recall swinging on a pair of lock gates on the canal as he waited for a bite on his line.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During these fishing expeditions, Laurel would have passed Ulverston's cemetery, where he was impressed by a miniature lighthouse memorial built in memory of Dr Thomas Watkins Wilson. The lighthouse memorial, which is still there today, had a light at the top that was once lit 24 hours a day. The <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Ulverston#WilsonMonument" title="Listed buildings in Ulverston">lighthouse memorial</a> was designated as a Grade II listed building in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1932, Laurel was being interviewed by a <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Herald_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Herald (United Kingdom)">Daily Herald</a></i> reporter and as they looked up at his name in lights above a theatre in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a>, he said:</p><blockquote><p>Looks great but kind of wasteful, but you should see the lighthouse in the graveyard at Ulverston in Lancashire where I was born. They put it up when I was a kid, a tombstone with a light on top. It was the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Wonder_of_the_World" title="Eighth Wonder of the World">Eighth Wonder of the World</a> to me. Ever since then it's been my ambition to have a tombstone like that.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Laurel went on frequent excursions from Ulverston railway station into the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a> with his cousins, grandparents and sometimes his parents. They visited his aunt and uncle John and Nant Shaw when they ran grocery shops, first at <a href="/wiki/Flookburgh" title="Flookburgh">Flookburgh</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Sawrey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawrey">Sawrey</a>. Another favourite place to visit was the lake at <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laurel had his first taste of the theatre in Ulverston. The Hippodrome theatre, known as Spencer's Gaff, was just across the road from his home, in Lightburn Park. The theatre was like a giant tent, made from wood with a canvas roof. Laurel's parents both trod the boards here and his father A. J. developed some of the plays he would later become known for here. The Hippodrome burnt down in 1910, the year Laurel sailed for America with the <a href="/wiki/Fred_Karno" title="Fred Karno">Fred Karno</a> troupe.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laurel visited Ulverston with his comedy partner <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hardy" title="Oliver Hardy">Oliver Hardy</a> on Tuesday 27 May 1947 at the invitation of the town's urban council. The comedians were given a civic reception at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronation Hall (page does not exist)">Coronation Hall</a> and Laurel was presented with a copy of his birth certificate on the hall's balcony, watched on by hundreds of fans. Laurel and Hardy then visited 3 Argyle Street for a tour of Laurel's former home, posing for the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Evening_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="North West Evening Mail">North West Evening Mail</a>'s photographer as they emerged from the house, crowded by fans and well-wishers. The comedy duo were appearing at <a href="/wiki/Morecambe" title="Morecambe">Morecambe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_Winter_Gardens" title="Morecambe Winter Gardens">Winter Gardens</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, Laurel spent much time living with his maternal grandmother, Sarah Metcalfe in <a href="/wiki/North_Shields" title="North Shields">North Shields</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCabe_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCabe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended school at <a href="/wiki/King_James_I_Academy" title="King James I Academy">King James I Grammar School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Auckland" title="Bishop Auckland">Bishop Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Kings_Priory_School" title="Kings Priory School">King's School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tynemouth" title="Tynemouth">Tynemouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stan_Laurel_plaque_at_Britannia_Music_Hall,_Glasgow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stan_Laurel_plaque_at_Britannia_Music_Hall%2C_Glasgow.jpg/170px-Stan_Laurel_plaque_at_Britannia_Music_Hall%2C_Glasgow.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stan_Laurel_plaque_at_Britannia_Music_Hall%2C_Glasgow.jpg/255px-Stan_Laurel_plaque_at_Britannia_Music_Hall%2C_Glasgow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stan_Laurel_plaque_at_Britannia_Music_Hall%2C_Glasgow.jpg/340px-Stan_Laurel_plaque_at_Britannia_Music_Hall%2C_Glasgow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Stan Laurel plaque, <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Music_Hall" title="Britannia Music Hall">Britannia Music Hall</a>, Glasgow</figcaption></figure> <p>He moved with his parents to <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland, where he completed his education at <a href="/wiki/Stonelaw_High_School" title="Stonelaw High School">Stonelaw Public School</a>. His father managed Glasgow's <a href="/wiki/Metropole_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropole Theatre">Metropole Theatre</a>, where Laurel first worked. His boyhood hero was <a href="/wiki/Dan_Leno" title="Dan Leno">Dan Leno</a>, considered one of the greatest English <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> comedians.<sup id="cite_ref-McCabe_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCabe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a natural affinity for the theatre, Laurel gave his first professional performance on stage at the <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Music_Hall" title="Britannia Music Hall">Panopticon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> at the age of sixteen, where he polished his skills at <a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">pantomime</a> and music hall sketches.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the music hall from where he drew his standard comic devices, including his <a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler hat</a> and nonsensical understatement.<sup id="cite_ref-McCabe_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCabe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1912 Laurel worked together with Ted Desmond on tour in Netherlands and Belgium as a comedy double act known as the Barto Bros. Their act, which involved them dressing as Romans, finished when Laurel was offered a spot in an American touring troupe. After Laurel left England for America the pair maintained a life-long friendship, sending letters and photos that documented Laurel's rise from an unknown British comedy actor in 1913 to one of the biggest names in Hollywood in the 1950s. The correspondence, spanning around 50 years and including photos of them being reunited in the US, was put up for auction by Desmond's grandson, Geoffrey Nolan, in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laurel joined <a href="/wiki/Fred_Karno" title="Fred Karno">Fred Karno</a>'s troupe of actors in 1910 with the stage name of "Stan Jefferson"; the troupe also included a young <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>. The music hall nurtured him, and he acted as Chaplin's <a href="/wiki/Understudy" title="Understudy">understudy</a> for some time.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCabe_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCabe-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karno was a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">slapstick</a>, and in his biography Laurel stated, "Fred Karno didn't teach Charlie [Chaplin] and me all we know about comedy. He just taught us most of it".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaplin and Laurel arrived in the United States on the same ship from Britain with the Karno troupe and toured the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Karno_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karno-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, Laurel registered for military service in America on 5 June 1917, as required under the <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">Selective Service Act</a>. He was not called up; his registration card states his status as <a href="/wiki/Alien_(law)" title="Alien (law)">resident alien</a> and his deafness as exemptions.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/The_Lucky_Dog_%281921%29.webm/220px-seek%3D301-The_Lucky_Dog_%281921%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="1435" data-mwtitle="The_Lucky_Dog_(1921).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:The_Lucky_Dog_(1921).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/The_Lucky_Dog_%281921%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/The_Lucky_Dog_%281921%29.webm/The_Lucky_Dog_%281921%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/The_Lucky_Dog_%281921%29.webm/The_Lucky_Dog_%281921%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/The_Lucky_Dog_%281921%29.webm/The_Lucky_Dog_%281921%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Six years before becoming a team, Laurel and Hardy appeared for the first time together in this short, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lucky_Dog" title="The Lucky Dog">The Lucky Dog</a></i> (1921), as seen at runtime 00:23:54. Stan's brother, Edward Jefferson, also appeared in the film as the butler.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Karno troupe broke up in the spring of 1914. Stan joined with two other former Karno performers, Edgar Hurley and his wife Ethel (known as "Wren") to form "The Three Comiques". On the advice of booking agent Gordon Bostock, they called themselves "the Keystone Trio". Stan started to do his character as an imitation of Charlie Chaplin, and the Hurleys began to do their parts as silent comedians <a href="/wiki/Chester_Conklin" title="Chester Conklin">Chester Conklin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Normand" title="Mabel Normand">Mabel Normand</a>. They played successfully from February through October 1915, until the Hurleys and Stan parted ways.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1916 and 1918, he teamed up with Alice Cooke and <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Cooke" title="Baldwin Cooke">Baldwin Cooke</a>, who became his lifelong friends, to form the Stan Jefferson Trio. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frauds_and_Frenzies06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Frauds_and_Frenzies06.jpg/170px-Frauds_and_Frenzies06.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Frauds_and_Frenzies06.jpg/255px-Frauds_and_Frenzies06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Frauds_and_Frenzies06.jpg/340px-Frauds_and_Frenzies06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption>One year after launching his film career, Laurel <i>(left)</i> became the co-star of <i><a href="/wiki/Frauds_and_Frenzies" title="Frauds and Frenzies">Frauds and Frenzies</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Larry_Semon" title="Larry Semon">Larry Semon</a> (1918).</figcaption></figure> <p>Amongst other performers, Laurel worked briefly alongside <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hardy" title="Oliver Hardy">Oliver Hardy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> short <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lucky_Dog" title="The Lucky Dog">The Lucky Dog</a></i> (1921),<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before the two were a team. It was around this time that Laurel met actress <a href="/wiki/Mae_Dahlberg" title="Mae Dahlberg">Mae Dahlberg</a>. Around the same time, he adopted the stage name of Laurel at Dahlberg's suggestion that his stage name Stan Jefferson was unlucky, due to it having thirteen letters.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pair were performing together when Laurel was offered $75 a week to star in two-reel comedies. After making his first film <i><a href="/wiki/Nuts_in_May_(film)" title="Nuts in May (film)">Nuts in May</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a> offered him a contract. The contract was soon cancelled during a reorganisation at the studio. Among the films in which Dahlberg and Laurel appeared together was the 1922 parody <i><a href="/wiki/Mud_and_Sand" title="Mud and Sand">Mud and Sand</a></i>. </p><p>By 1924, Laurel had given up the stage for full-time film work, under contract with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Rock" title="Joe Rock">Joe Rock</a> for 12 two-reel comedies. The contract had one unusual stipulation: that Dahlberg was not to appear in any of the films. Rock thought that her temperament was hindering Laurel's career. In 1925, she started interfering with Laurel's work, so Rock offered her a cash settlement and a one-way ticket back to her native <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, which she accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 12 two-reel comedies were <i><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Mix-Up" title="Mandarin Mix-Up">Mandarin Mix-Up</a></i> (1924), <i><a href="/wiki/Detained_(1924_film)" title="Detained (1924 film)">Detained</a></i> (1924), <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Don%27t_Care" title="Monsieur Don't Care">Monsieur Don't Care</a></i> (1924), <i><a href="/wiki/West_of_Hot_Dog" title="West of Hot Dog">West of Hot Dog</a></i> (1924), <i><a href="/wiki/Somewhere_in_Wrong" title="Somewhere in Wrong">Somewhere in Wrong</a></i> (1925), <i><a href="/wiki/Twins_(1925_film)" title="Twins (1925 film)">Twins</a></i> (1925), <i><a href="/wiki/Pie-Eyed" title="Pie-Eyed">Pie-Eyed</a></i> (1925), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Hawk" title="The Snow Hawk">The Snow Hawk</a></i> (1925), <i><a href="/wiki/Navy_Blue_Days" title="Navy Blue Days">Navy Blue Days</a></i> (1925), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleuth_(1925_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sleuth (1925 film)">The Sleuth</a></i> (1925), <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Pyckle_and_Mr._Pryde" title="Dr. Pyckle and Mr. Pryde">Dr. Pyckle and Mr. Pryde</a></i> (1925) and <i><a href="/wiki/Half_a_Man_(film)" title="Half a Man (film)">Half a Man</a></i> (1925). Laurel was credited for directing or co-directing ten silent shorts (between 1925 and 1927), but appeared in none of these. Laurel's future partner Hardy, however, did appear in three of the shorts directed by Laurel: <i><a href="/wiki/Yes,_Yes,_Nanette" title="Yes, Yes, Nanette">Yes, Yes, Nanette</a></i>! (1925), <i><a href="/wiki/Wandering_Papas" title="Wandering Papas">Wandering Papas</a></i> (1926) and <i><a href="/wiki/Madame_Mystery" title="Madame Mystery">Madame Mystery</a></i> (1926). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laurel_and_Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Laurel and Hardy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yes,_Yes,_Nanette03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Yes%2C_Yes%2C_Nanette03.jpg/170px-Yes%2C_Yes%2C_Nanette03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Yes%2C_Yes%2C_Nanette03.jpg/255px-Yes%2C_Yes%2C_Nanette03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Yes%2C_Yes%2C_Nanette03.jpg/340px-Yes%2C_Yes%2C_Nanette03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Oliver Hardy in <i><a href="/wiki/Yes,_Yes,_Nanette" title="Yes, Yes, Nanette">Yes, Yes, Nanette</a></i> (1925), one of Hardy's solo shorts that was directed by Laurel</figcaption></figure> <p>Laurel next signed with the <a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> studio, where he began directing films, including a 1925 production called <i><a href="/wiki/Yes,_Yes,_Nanette" title="Yes, Yes, Nanette">Yes, Yes, Nanette</a></i> (in which <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hardy" title="Oliver Hardy">Oliver Hardy</a> had a part under the name "Babe" Hardy). It had been his intention to work primarily as a writer and director. </p><p>The same year, Hardy, a member of the Hal Roach Studios Comedy <i>All Star</i> players, was injured in a kitchen mishap and hospitalised. Because he was unable to work on the scheduled film, <i>Get 'Em Young</i>, Laurel was asked to return to acting to fill in. Starting early in 1927, Laurel and Hardy began sharing the screen in several short films, including <i><a href="/wiki/Duck_Soup_(1927_film)" title="Duck Soup (1927 film)">Duck Soup</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Slipping_Wives" title="Slipping Wives">Slipping Wives</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/With_Love_and_Hisses" title="With Love and Hisses">With Love and Hisses</a></i>. The two became friends and their comic chemistry soon became obvious. Roach Studios' supervising director <a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> noticed the audience reaction to them and began teaming them, leading to the creation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a></i> series later that year. </p><p>Together, the two men began producing a huge body of short films, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_the_Century" title="The Battle of the Century">The Battle of the Century</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Should_Married_Men_Go_Home%3F" title="Should Married Men Go Home?">Should Married Men Go Home?</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Two_Tars" title="Two Tars">Two Tars</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Be_Big!" title="Be Big!">Be Big!</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Business_(1929_film)" title="Big Business (1929 film)">Big Business</a></i> and many others. Laurel and Hardy successfully made the transition to talking films with the short <i><a href="/wiki/Unaccustomed_As_We_Are" title="Unaccustomed As We Are">Unaccustomed As We Are</a></i> in 1929. They also appeared in their first feature in one of the revue sequences of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Revue_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hollywood Revue of 1929">The Hollywood Revue of 1929</a>,</i> and the following year they appeared as the comic relief in the lavish all-colour (in <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a>) musical feature <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rogue_Song" title="The Rogue Song">The Rogue Song</a></i>. Their first starring feature <i><a href="/wiki/Pardon_Us" title="Pardon Us">Pardon Us</a></i> was released in 1931. They continued to make both features and shorts until 1935, including their 1932 three-reeler <i><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Box_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Music Box (film)">The Music Box</a>,</i> which won an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Short Subject">Academy Award for Best Short Subject</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trouble_at_Roach_Studio">Trouble at Roach Studio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trouble at Roach Studio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1930s, Laurel was involved in a dispute with Hal Roach which resulted in the termination of his contract. Roach maintained separate contracts for Laurel and Hardy that expired at different times, so Hardy remained at the studio and was "teamed" with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Langdon" title="Harry Langdon">Harry Langdon</a> for the 1939 film <i><a href="/wiki/Zenobia_(film)" title="Zenobia (film)">Zenobia</a></i>. The studio discussed a series of films co-starring Hardy with <a href="/wiki/Patsy_Kelly" title="Patsy Kelly">Patsy Kelly</a> to be called "The Hardy Family". But Laurel sued Roach over the contract dispute. Eventually, the case was dropped and Laurel returned to Roach. The first film that <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a> made after Laurel returned was <i><a href="/wiki/A_Chump_at_Oxford" title="A Chump at Oxford">A Chump at Oxford</a></i>. Subsequently, they made <i><a href="/wiki/Saps_at_Sea" title="Saps at Sea">Saps at Sea</a></i>, which was their last film for Roach. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stan_in_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stan_in_color.jpg/170px-Stan_in_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stan_in_color.jpg/255px-Stan_in_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stan_in_color.jpg/340px-Stan_in_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Stan Laurel in a still from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tree_in_a_Test_Tube" title="The Tree in a Test Tube">The Tree in a Test Tube</a></i> (1943), a colour short made for the US Department of Agriculture</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1941, <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a> signed a contract at <a href="/wiki/20th_Century-Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century-Fox">20th Century-Fox</a> to make ten films over five years. Laurel found, to his shock, that he and Hardy were hired only as actors, and were not expected to contribute to the staging, writing, or editing of the productions. When the films proved very successful, Laurel and Hardy were granted more freedom and gradually added more of their own material. They had made six Fox features when the studio suddenly abandoned <a href="/wiki/B-picture" class="mw-redirect" title="B-picture">B-picture</a> production in December 1944. The team signed another contract with <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> in 1942, resulting in two more features.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Revisiting his <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> days, Laurel returned to England in 1947 when he and Hardy went on a six-week tour of the United Kingdom performing in <a href="/wiki/Variety_shows" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety shows">variety shows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mobbed wherever they went, Laurel's homecoming to <a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a> took place in May, and the duo were greeted by thousands of fans outside the Coronation Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-nwmail_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nwmail-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/North-West_Evening_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Evening Mail">Evening Mail</a></i> noted: "Oliver Hardy remarked to our reporter that Stan had talked about Ulverston for the past 22 years and he thought he had to see it."<sup id="cite_ref-nwmail_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nwmail-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tour included a <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Variety_Performance" title="Royal Variety Performance">Royal Variety Performance</a></i> in front of King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> and his consort <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-nwmail_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nwmail-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of the tour led them to spend the next seven years touring the UK and Europe. </p><p>Around this time, Laurel found out that he had diabetes, so he encouraged Hardy to find solo projects, which he did, taking parts in <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> films. </p><p>In 1950, Laurel and Hardy were invited to France to make a feature film. The film was a disaster, a Franco-Italian co-production titled <i><a href="/wiki/Atoll_K" title="Atoll K">Atoll K</a></i>. (The film was entitled <i>Utopia</i> in the US and <i>Robinson Crusoeland</i> in the UK.) Both stars were noticeably ill during the filming. Upon returning to the United States, they spent most of their time recovering. In 1952, Laurel and Hardy toured Europe successfully, and they returned in 1953 for another tour of the continent. During this tour, Laurel fell ill and was unable to perform for several weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1954, Hardy had a heart attack and cancelled the tour. In 1955, they were planning to do a television series called <i>Laurel and Hardy's Fabulous Fables</i> based on children's stories. The plans were delayed after Laurel had a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> on 25 April 1955, from which he recovered. But as the team was planning to get back to work, Hardy had a major stroke on 14 September 1956 and was unable to return to acting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardy's_death"><span id="Hardy.27s_death"></span>Hardy's death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hardy's death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hardy" title="Oliver Hardy">Oliver Hardy</a> died on 7 August 1957, Laurel was devastated and never fully recovered from the loss. He was in fact too ill to attend Hardy's funeral and said, "Babe would understand".<sup id="cite_ref-Time_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he continued to socialise with his fans, he refused to perform on stage or act in another film from then on, as he had no interest in working without Hardy, turning down every offer he was given for a public appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_Laurel_and_Hardy">After Laurel and Hardy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After Laurel and Hardy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1961, Stan Laurel was given an Academy Honorary Award "for his creative pioneering in the field of cinema comedy". Laurel was introduced by Bob Hope, and the award was accepted by <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laurel had achieved his lifelong dream as a comedian and had been involved in nearly 190 films. He lived his final years in a small flat in the Oceana Apartments in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laurel was gracious to fans and spent much time answering fan mail.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His phone number was also listed in the telephone directory and he would take calls from fans.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCRevamp_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCRevamp-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> was among the comedians to visit Laurel, and Lewis received suggestions from him for the production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bellboy" title="The Bellboy">The Bellboy</a></i> (1960). Lewis paid tribute to Laurel by naming his main character Stanley in the film, and having <a href="/wiki/Bill_Richmond_(writer)" title="Bill Richmond (writer)">Bill Richmond</a> play a version of Laurel as well.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a> told a similar story. When he was just starting his career, he looked up Laurel's phone number, called him, and then visited him at his home. Van Dyke played Laurel on "The Sam Pomerantz Scandals" episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dick_Van_Dyke_Show" title="The Dick Van Dyke Show">The Dick Van Dyke Show</a></i>. </p><p>Director <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer">Stanley Kramer</a> offered Laurel a cameo role in <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></i> (1963) alongside <a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Three_Stooges" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Stooges">Three Stooges</a>, but Laurel declined. He reportedly said he did not want to be seen on screen in his old age,<sup id="cite_ref-Karno_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karno-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially without Hardy. It appears, however, his involvement reached the stage of filming a background matching shot of his old time convertible, with a stand-in seated at the wheel, donning a derby hat. The cameo appearance was then given to <a href="/wiki/Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a>, who wore Laurel's signature derby in the scene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wide_Open_Spaces01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wide_Open_Spaces01.jpg/220px-Wide_Open_Spaces01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wide_Open_Spaces01.jpg/330px-Wide_Open_Spaces01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wide_Open_Spaces01.jpg/440px-Wide_Open_Spaces01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Laurel with Mae Dahlberg in <i><a href="/wiki/Wide_Open_Spaces_(1924_film)" title="Wide Open Spaces (1924 film)">Wide Open Spaces</a></i> (1924)</figcaption></figure> <p>Laurel and <a href="/wiki/Mae_Dahlberg" title="Mae Dahlberg">Mae Dahlberg</a> never married but lived together as <a href="/wiki/Common-law_marriage" title="Common-law marriage">common-law</a> husband and wife from 1919 to 1925, before Dahlberg accepted a one-way ticket from <a href="/wiki/Joe_Rock" title="Joe Rock">Joe Rock</a> to go back to her native Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1937, Dahlberg was back in the US and sued Laurel for financial support. At the time, Laurel's second marriage was in the process of a divorce, with Dahlberg's legal suit adding to Laurel's woes. The matter was settled out of court.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahlberg was described as a "relief project worker" by the court. Laurel was one of several popular British actors in Hollywood who never became a naturalised US citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Laurel had four wives and married one of them a second time after their divorce.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes.com_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first wife was <a href="/wiki/Lois_Neilson" title="Lois Neilson">Lois Neilson</a>, whom he married on 13 August 1926. Together they had a daughter, Lois, who was born on <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-12-10</span>)</span>10 December 1927. Their second child, Stanley, was born two months premature in May 1930, but died after nine days. Laurel and Neilson divorced in December 1934. Their daughter Lois died on <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">2017-07-27</span>)</span>27 July 2017 aged 89.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, Laurel married Virginia Ruth Rogers (known as Ruth). In 1937, he filed for divorce, confessing that he was not over his ex-wife Lois, but Lois decided against a reconciliation. </p><p>On New Year's Day 1938, Laurel married Vera Ivanova Shuvalova (known as Illeana); Ruth accused him of bigamy, but their divorce had been finalised a couple of days before his new marriage. The new marriage was very volatile, and Illeana accused him of trying to bury her alive in the back yard of their San Fernando Valley home.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and Illeana separated in 1939 and divorced in 1940, with Illeana surrendering all claim to the Laurel surname on 1 February 1940 in exchange for $6,500.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1941, Laurel remarried Virginia Ruth Rogers; they were divorced for the second time in early 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes.com_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 May 1946, he married Ida Kitaeva Raphael to whom he remained married until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes.com_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurel_grave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Laurel_grave.JPG/220px-Laurel_grave.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Laurel_grave.JPG/330px-Laurel_grave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Laurel_grave.JPG/440px-Laurel_grave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Stan Laurel's grave</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1965, he underwent a series of X-rays for an infection on the roof of his mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 23 February 1965, aged 74, in his apartment, four days following a heart attack.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minutes before his death, he told his nurse that he would not mind going skiing, and she replied that she was not aware that he was a skier. "I'm not," said Laurel, "I'd rather be doing that than getting all these needles stuck in me!" A few minutes later he died quietly in his armchair.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At his funeral service at Church of the Hills, <a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> said, "<a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a> wasn't the funniest. I wasn't the funniest; this man was the funniest." <a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a> gave the eulogy<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a friend, protégé and occasional impressionist of Laurel during his later years; he read <a href="/wiki/The_Clown%27s_Prayer" title="The Clown's Prayer">The Clown's Prayer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laurel had quipped, "If anyone at my funeral has a long face, I'll never speak to him again."<sup id="cite_ref-Legacy_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legacy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is interred at <a href="/wiki/Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park_(Hollywood_Hills)" title="Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)">Forest Lawn–Hollywood Hills Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honours">Legacy and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statues_of_Stan_Laurel_and_Oliver_Hardy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Statues_of_Stan_Laurel_and_Oliver_Hardy.jpg/170px-Statues_of_Stan_Laurel_and_Oliver_Hardy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Statues_of_Stan_Laurel_and_Oliver_Hardy.jpg/255px-Statues_of_Stan_Laurel_and_Oliver_Hardy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Statues_of_Stan_Laurel_and_Oliver_Hardy.jpg/340px-Statues_of_Stan_Laurel_and_Oliver_Hardy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1428" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Stan Laurel and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hardy" title="Oliver Hardy">Oliver Hardy</a> outside the Coronation Hall, <a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a>, Cumbria, England</figcaption></figure> <p>Laurel and Hardy are featured on the cover of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>' 1967 album <i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, a statue of Laurel was erected in Dockwray Square, <a href="/wiki/North_Shields" title="North Shields">North Shields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a>, England, where he lived at No. 8 from 1897 to 1902. The steps down from the Square to the North Shields Fish Quay were said to have inspired the piano-moving scene in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Box" title="The Music Box">The Music Box</a></i>. In a 2005 UK poll, <i>Comedians' Comedian</i>, Laurel and Hardy were ranked top double act and seventh overall.<sup id="cite_ref-Legacy_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legacy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with Hardy, Laurel was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Order_of_Water_Rats" title="Grand Order of Water Rats">Grand Order of Water Rats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stan_Laurel_Statue,_Bishop_Auckland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Stan_Laurel_Statue%2C_Bishop_Auckland.jpg/170px-Stan_Laurel_Statue%2C_Bishop_Auckland.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Stan_Laurel_Statue%2C_Bishop_Auckland.jpg/255px-Stan_Laurel_Statue%2C_Bishop_Auckland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Stan_Laurel_Statue%2C_Bishop_Auckland.jpg/340px-Stan_Laurel_Statue%2C_Bishop_Auckland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1720" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Laurel on the site once occupied by the theatre owned by his parents, in <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Auckland" title="Bishop Auckland">Bishop Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>, north east England</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Neil_Brand" title="Neil Brand">Neil Brand</a> wrote a radio play entitled <i>Stan</i>, broadcast in 2004 on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> and subsequently on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> starring <a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> as Stan Laurel, in which Stan visits Oliver Hardy after Hardy has had his stroke and tries to say the things to his dying friend and partner that have been left unsaid. In 2006, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> showed a drama called <i>Stan</i>, based on Brand's radio play, in which Laurel meets Hardy on his deathbed and reminisces about their career.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A plaque on the Bull Inn, <a href="/wiki/Bottesford,_Leicestershire" title="Bottesford, Leicestershire">Bottesford, Leicestershire</a>, England, marks Laurel and Hardy appearing in <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> over Easter 1952 and Christmas 1953, and staying with Laurel's sister, Olga, who was the landlady of the pub.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, a statue of Stan Laurel was unveiled in <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Auckland" title="Bishop Auckland">Bishop Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>, on the site of the Eden Theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2009, a bronze statue of Laurel and Hardy was unveiled in Ulverston.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurel_and_hardy_autocorrect.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Laurel_and_hardy_autocorrect.JPG/170px-Laurel_and_hardy_autocorrect.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Laurel_and_hardy_autocorrect.JPG/255px-Laurel_and_hardy_autocorrect.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Laurel_and_hardy_autocorrect.JPG/340px-Laurel_and_hardy_autocorrect.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2134" /></a><figcaption>Laurel & Hardy Museum in Ulverston</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a Laurel and Hardy Museum in Stan's hometown of Ulverston. There are two Laurel and Hardy museums in Hardy's hometown of <a href="/wiki/Harlem,_Georgia" title="Harlem, Georgia">Harlem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>. One is operated by the town of Harlem, and the other is a private museum owned and operated by Gary Russeth, a Harlem resident. Jefferson Drive in Ulverston is named after Laurel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2013 <a href="/wiki/Gail_Louw" title="Gail Louw">Gail Louw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Holland_(actor)" title="Jeffrey Holland (actor)">Jeffrey Holland</a> debuted a short one-man play "...And this is my friend Mr Laurel" at the <a href="/wiki/Camden_Fringe" title="Camden Fringe">Camden Fringe</a> festival. The play, starring Holland as Laurel, was taken on tour of the UK in 2014 until June 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2018 film <i><a href="/wiki/Stan_%26_Ollie" title="Stan & Ollie">Stan & Ollie</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Coogan" title="Steve Coogan">Steve Coogan</a> portrayed Laurel (a performance which saw him nominated for the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">BAFTA</a> for <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role">Best Actor in a Leading Role</a>) and <a href="/wiki/John_C._Reilly" title="John C. Reilly">John C. Reilly</a> played Hardy.<sup id="cite_ref-Stan_&_Ollie_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stan_&_Ollie-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developed by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Films">BBC Films</a>, the film is set in the twilight of their careers, and focuses on their farewell tour of Britain and Ireland's <a href="/wiki/Variety_show" title="Variety show">variety</a> halls in 1953. </p><p>In 2019 Laurel was voted the greatest ever British comedian by a panel on the British television channel <a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold (British TV channel)">Gold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Laurel_filmography" title="Stan Laurel filmography">Stan Laurel filmography</a> (films of Stan Laurel as an actor without Oliver Hardy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy_filmography" title="Laurel and Hardy filmography">Laurel and Hardy filmography</a> (filmography of Laurel and Hardy together)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Academy_Award_nominees_and_winners#Special_Awards" title="List of British Academy Award nominees and winners">List of British Academy Award nominees and winners — Special Awards</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although the town was in Lancashire when Laurel was born, that area today is in <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurel disputed this and claimed that it just "sounded good".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Obituary"; <i>Variety</i>; 3 March 1965; p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rawlings, Nate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2005073_2005072_2005121,00.html">"Top 10 Across-the-Pond Duos"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130821083423/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2005073_2005072_2005121,00.html">Archived</a> 21 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 20 July 2010. Retrieved: 18 June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCabe-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCabe_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCabe_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCabe_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCabe_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCabe_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McCabe 2005, p. 143. Robson, 2005. Retrieved: 18 June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karno-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karno_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karno_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karno_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCavett2012" class="citation web cs1">Cavett, Dick (7 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/07/the-fine-mess-maker-at-home/">"The Fine Mess-Maker at Home"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120909022128/http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/07/the-fine-mess-maker-at-home/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Fine+Mess-Maker+at+Home&rft.date=2012-09-07&rft.aulast=Cavett&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopinionator.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F09%2F07%2Fthe-fine-mess-maker-at-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Laurel-and-Hardy">"Laurel and Hardy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418053902/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Laurel-and-Hardy">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laurel+and+Hardy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FLaurel-and-Hardy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legacy-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legacy_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legacy_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legacy_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-h3-oAEoQMYC&pg=PA95">"The Making of Stan Laurel: Echoes of a British Boyhood"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140627191441/http://books.google.com/books?id=-h3-oAEoQMYC&pg=PA95">Archived</a> 27 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 95. McFarland, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2019/05/26/43151/stan_laurel_crowned_britains_greatest_comedian">"Stan Laurel crowned Britain's greatest comedian"</a>. <i>Chortle.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019113629/https://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2019/05/26/43151/stan_laurel_crowned_britains_greatest_comedian">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chortle.co.uk&rft.atitle=Stan+Laurel+crowned+Britain%27s+greatest+comedian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chortle.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F05%2F26%2F43151%2Fstan_laurel_crowned_britains_greatest_comedian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Midwinter, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37659">"Laurel, Stan".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154506/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37659">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,</i> 2006. Retrieved: 20 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen-PawsonMouland1984" class="citation book cs1">Owen-Pawson, Jenny; Mouland, Bill (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hscdAAAAMAAJ&q=laurel+before+hardy"><i>Laurel Before Hardy</i></a>. Westmorland Gazette. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4"><bdi>978-0-902272-51-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurel+Before+Hardy&rft.pub=Westmorland+Gazette&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-902272-51-4&rft.aulast=Owen-Pawson&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.au=Mouland%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhscdAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dlaurel%2Bbefore%2Bhardy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen-PawsonMouland1984" class="citation book cs1">Owen-Pawson, Jenny; Mouland, Bill (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hscdAAAAMAAJ&q=laurel+before+hardy"><i>Laurel Before Hardy</i></a>. Westmorland Gazette. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4"><bdi>978-0-902272-51-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurel+Before+Hardy&rft.pub=Westmorland+Gazette&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-902272-51-4&rft.aulast=Owen-Pawson&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.au=Mouland%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhscdAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dlaurel%2Bbefore%2Bhardy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1270178?section=official-list-entry">"Wilsons Monument, Ulverton Cemetery"</a>. <i>Historic England</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+England&rft.atitle=Wilsons+Monument%2C+Ulverton+Cemetery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1270178%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen-PawsonMouland1984" class="citation book cs1">Owen-Pawson, Jenny; Mouland, Bill (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hscdAAAAMAAJ&q=laurel+before+hardy"><i>Laurel Before Hardy</i></a>. Westmorland Gazette. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4"><bdi>978-0-902272-51-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurel+Before+Hardy&rft.pub=Westmorland+Gazette&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-902272-51-4&rft.aulast=Owen-Pawson&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.au=Mouland%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhscdAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dlaurel%2Bbefore%2Bhardy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000681/19320726/045/0003">"Laurel & Hardy to Broadcast To-night: Their Talk May be on Tombstones"</a></span>. <i>Daily Herald</i>. 26 July 1932. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/British_Newspaper_Archive" title="British Newspaper Archive">British Newspaper Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Herald&rft.atitle=Laurel+%26+Hardy+to+Broadcast+To-night%3A+Their+Talk+May+be+on+Tombstones&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1932-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2Fbl%2F0000681%2F19320726%2F045%2F0003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen-PawsonMouland1984" class="citation book cs1">Owen-Pawson, Jenny; Mouland, Bill (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hscdAAAAMAAJ&q=laurel+before+hardy"><i>Laurel Before Hardy</i></a>. Westmorland Gazette. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4"><bdi>978-0-902272-51-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurel+Before+Hardy&rft.pub=Westmorland+Gazette&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-902272-51-4&rft.aulast=Owen-Pawson&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.au=Mouland%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhscdAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dlaurel%2Bbefore%2Bhardy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen-PawsonMouland1984" class="citation book cs1">Owen-Pawson, Jenny; Mouland, Bill (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hscdAAAAMAAJ&q=laurel+before+hardy"><i>Laurel Before Hardy</i></a>. Westmorland Gazette. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-902272-51-4"><bdi>978-0-902272-51-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurel+Before+Hardy&rft.pub=Westmorland+Gazette&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-902272-51-4&rft.aulast=Owen-Pawson&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.au=Mouland%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhscdAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dlaurel%2Bbefore%2Bhardy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003150/19470528/040/0003">"Laurel Visits His Home Town"</a>. <i>Bradford Observer</i>. 28 May 1947. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bradford+Observer&rft.atitle=Laurel+Visits+His+Home+Town&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1947-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2Fbl%2F0003150%2F19470528%2F040%2F0003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2019" class="citation news cs1">Myers, Bill (13 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nwemail.co.uk/news/17568030.nostalgia-heros-welcome-stan-laurel-came-home/">"Nostalgia: A hero's welcome when Stan Laurel came home"</a>. <i>North West Evening Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+West+Evening+Mail&rft.atitle=Nostalgia%3A+A+hero%27s+welcome+when+Stan+Laurel+came+home&rft.date=2019-04-13&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwemail.co.uk%2Fnews%2F17568030.nostalgia-heros-welcome-stan-laurel-came-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/9512813.Stan_Laurel_s_former_Bishop_Auckland_school__left_to_rot_/">"Stan Laurel's former Bishop Auckland school 'left to rot'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Northern_Echo" title="The Northern Echo">The Northern Echo</a></i>. 4 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083244/http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/9512813.Stan_Laurel_s_former_Bishop_Auckland_school__left_to_rot_/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Northern+Echo&rft.atitle=Stan+Laurel%27s+former+Bishop+Auckland+school+%27left+to+rot%27&rft.date=2012-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenorthernecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2F9512813.Stan_Laurel_s_former_Bishop_Auckland_school__left_to_rot_%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/local/southdurham/bishopauckland/11471926.Stan_Laurel_letter_set_to_go_under_the_hammer/">"Stan Laurel letter set to go under the hammer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Northern_Echo" title="The Northern Echo">The Northern Echo</a></i>. 13 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083310/http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/local/southdurham/bishopauckland/11471926.Stan_Laurel_letter_set_to_go_under_the_hammer/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Northern+Echo&rft.atitle=Stan+Laurel+letter+set+to+go+under+the+hammer&rft.date=2014-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenorthernecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsouthdurham%2Fbishopauckland%2F11471926.Stan_Laurel_letter_set_to_go_under_the_hammer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowers 2007, pp. 143–147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Bruxelles2023" class="citation news cs1">de Bruxelles, Simon (17 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/another-fine-missive-stan-laurel-s-letters-on-sale-6r682sg0d">"Another Fine Missive: Stan Laurel's Letters on Sale"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Another+Fine+Missive%3A+Stan+Laurel%27s+Letters+on+Sale&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft.aulast=de+Bruxelles&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fanother-fine-missive-stan-laurel-s-letters-on-sale-6r682sg0d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2018" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Amy-Clare (27 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/stan-laurels-little-known-comedy-12098175">"Stan Laurel's Little-known Comedy Partner Before Hardy"</a>. <i>Daily Mirror</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=Stan+Laurel%27s+Little-known+Comedy+Partner+Before+Hardy&rft.date=2018-02-27&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Amy-Clare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Fstan-laurels-little-known-comedy-12098175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2000" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Alan (2000). <i>Pimple, Pranks & Pratfalls: British film comedy before 1930</i>. Flicks Books. p. 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pimple%2C+Pranks+%26+Pratfalls%3A+British+film+comedy+before+1930&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Flicks+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogya" class="citation web cs1">Hogya, Bernie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lettersfromstan.com/stan-early-01.html">"Letters From Stan : 1915–1923"</a>. <i>Lettersfromstan.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220140456/http://www.lettersfromstan.com/stan-early-01.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lettersfromstan.com&rft.atitle=Letters+From+Stan+%3A+1915%E2%80%931923&rft.aulast=Hogya&rft.aufirst=Bernie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lettersfromstan.com%2Fstan-early-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebrainydeafsite.com/p3.html">"P.3"</a>. <i>TheBrainyDeafSite</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713121725/http://www.thebrainydeafsite.com/p3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheBrainyDeafSite&rft.atitle=P.3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebrainydeafsite.com%2Fp3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/support/stan-laurels-life-laughter">"Stan Laurel's Life in Laughter"</a>. <i>UCLA Film & Television Archive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Film+%26+Television+Archive&rft.atitle=Stan+Laurel%27s+Life+in+Laughter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinema.ucla.edu%2Fsupport%2Fstan-laurels-life-laughter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCabe 1961, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergan 1992, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Scott_MacGillivray" title="Scott MacGillivray">MacGillivray, Scott</a>. <i>Laurel & Hardy: From the Forties Forward</i>. Second edition: New York: iUniverse, 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440172397" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440172397">978-1440172397</a>; first edition: Lanham, Maryland: Vestal Press, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/oct/11/tea-and-buns-with-laurel-and-hardy-the-day-i-met-my-comedy-heroes">"Tea and buns with Laurel and Hardy: Derek Malcolm on the day he met his comedy heroes"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181112101245/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/oct/11/tea-and-buns-with-laurel-and-hardy-the-day-i-met-my-comedy-heroes">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tea+and+buns+with+Laurel+and+Hardy%3A+Derek+Malcolm+on+the+day+he+met+his+comedy+heroes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2018%2Foct%2F11%2Ftea-and-buns-with-laurel-and-hardy-the-day-i-met-my-comedy-heroes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nwmail-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nwmail_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nwmail_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nwmail_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwemail.co.uk/memories/stan-at-queen-s-first-royal-variety-show-1.1015949">"Stan at Queen's first Royal Variety Show"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221344/http://www.nwemail.co.uk/memories/stan-at-queen-s-first-royal-variety-show-1.1015949">Archived</a> 1 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>North West Evening Mail</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergen 1992, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1961">"The 33rd Academy Awards | 1961"</a>. <i>Oscars.org</i>. 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+33rd+Academy+Awards+%26%23124%3B+1961&rft.date=2014-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lettersfromstan.com/stan_oceana.html">"Latter."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120228174300/http://www.lettersfromstan.com/stan_oceana.html">Archived</a> 28 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Stan Laurel Correspondence Archive Project</i>. Retrieved: 8 September 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/los1951angelesextendbevhillscalirich"><i>Western Section of the Los Angeles Extended Area Telephone Directory with Classified Section for Beverly Hills</i></a>. The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company. 1951. p. 217<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>. <q>Laurel Stan 1111FranklinSM...........EXbrk 3-1851</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Section+of+the+Los+Angeles+Extended+Area+Telephone+Directory+with+Classified+Section+for+Beverly+Hills&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=The+Pacific+Telephone+and+Telegraph+Company&rft.date=1951&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flos1951angelesextendbevhillscalirich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCRevamp-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCRevamp_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2015" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Emma (23 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34607205">"Laurel and Hardy get HD revamp"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Laurel+and+Hardy+get+HD+revamp&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-34607205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brody, Richard. Lewis offered Laurel a job with his company and Stan went to watch a Lewis picture; he didn't understand Jerry's character, so he declined. However, he worked on <i>The Bellboy</i>, advising Jerry to cut a significant amount of footage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/movies/2011/05/jerry-lewis-writer.html">"Front Row: Jerry Lewis, Writer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022103729/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/movies/2011/05/jerry-lewis-writer.html">Archived</a> 22 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>New Yorker,</i> 5 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Louvish, <i>Stan and Ollie: The Roots of Comedy</i>, Faber & Faber 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-21590-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-21590-4">0-571-21590-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SBS19371207.1.4"><i>San Bernardino Sun</i>, Volume 44, 7 December 1937, Page 4, "Stan Laurels in Agreement"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827165914/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SBS19371207.1.4">Archived</a> 27 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 15 April 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Prologue: The Journal of the National Archives</i>, p. 258. Washington, D.C., 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes.com-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimes.com_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes.com_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes.com_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harnisch, Larry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-then21-2009jun21,0,3596284.story?track=rss">"Stan Laurel's stormy marriage full of off-screen drama."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, 21 June 2009. Retrieved: 20 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lois-laurel-hawes-dead-stan-laurels-daughter-was-89-1025214">"Lois Laurel Hawes, Daughter of Stan Laurel, Dies at 89"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. 29 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809173457/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lois-laurel-hawes-dead-stan-laurels-daughter-was-89-1025214">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Lois+Laurel+Hawes%2C+Daughter+of+Stan+Laurel%2C+Dies+at+89&rft.date=2017-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Flois-laurel-hawes-dead-stan-laurels-daughter-was-89-1025214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnisch2009" class="citation news cs1">Harnisch, Larry (21 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-jun-21-me-then21-story.html">"Stormy marriage full of off-screen drama for Stan Laurel"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726193035/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/21/local/me-then21">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Stormy+marriage+full+of+off-screen+drama+for+Stan+Laurel&rft.date=2009-06-21&rft.aulast=Harnisch&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2009-jun-21-me-then21-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Associated Press, "Surrenders Her Name", <i>The Spokesman-Review</i>, Spokane, Washington, Friday 2 February 1940, Volume 57, Number 264, page 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lettersfromstan.com/stan-1965-01.html">"Correspondence: January 4–29, 1965."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903154327/http://www.lettersfromstan.com/stan_1965-01.html">Archived</a> 3 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Stan Laurel Correspondence Project</i> via <i>lettersfromstan.com</i>. Retrieved: 10 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/24/archives/stan-laurel-dies-i-movie-comedian-teamed-with-oliver-hardy-in-200.html">"Stan Laurel Dies. Teamed With Oliver Hardy in 200 Slapstick Films-Played 'Simple' Foil."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180723214640/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/24/archives/stan-laurel-dies-i-movie-comedian-teamed-with-oliver-hardy-in-200.html">Archived</a> 23 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The New York Times</i>, 24 February 1965. Retrieved: 20 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergen 1992, pp. 119–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFebonyivorymovies2014" class="citation web cs1">ebonyivorymovies (2 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTw0TPv6n1s">"Raw footage of Stan Laurels funeral with Dick Van Dyke, Buster Keaton and more"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609174226/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTw0TPv6n1s">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2015</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Raw+footage+of+Stan+Laurels+funeral+with+Dick+Van+Dyke%2C+Buster+Keaton+and+more&rft.date=2014-01-02&rft.au=ebonyivorymovies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DrTw0TPv6n1s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyke2011" class="citation book cs1">Dyke, Dick Van (3 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRvfn1BCoHwC&q=Dick+Van+Dyke+a+prayer+for+clowns&pg=PT141"><i>My Lucky Life in and Out of Show Business: A Memoir</i></a>. Crown/Archetype. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307592262" title="Special:BookSources/9780307592262"><bdi>9780307592262</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Lucky+Life+in+and+Out+of+Show+Business%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pub=Crown%2FArchetype&rft.date=2011-05-03&rft.isbn=9780307592262&rft.aulast=Dyke&rft.aufirst=Dick+Van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZRvfn1BCoHwC%26q%3DDick%2BVan%2BDyke%2Ba%2Bprayer%2Bfor%2Bclowns%26pg%3DPT141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Scott. <i>Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons</i>, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 26901-26907). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levy 2005, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gowr.co.uk/roll-of-honour/">"Roll of Honour"</a>. Grand Order of Water Rats. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170418162039/http://www.gowr.co.uk/roll-of-honour/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roll+of+Honour&rft.pub=Grand+Order+of+Water+Rats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gowr.co.uk%2Froll-of-honour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0076mjl">"Neil Brand – Stan – BBC Radio 4 Extra"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401162050/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0076mjl">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Neil+Brand+%E2%80%93+Stan+%E2%80%93+BBC+Radio+4+Extra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb0076mjl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/cinema/features/silent-cinema-season.shtml">"BBC Four Cinema – Silent Cinema Season."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060624173712/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/cinema/features/silent-cinema-season.shtml">Archived</a> 24 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>BBC</i>. Retrieved: 20 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leicestershire.greatbritishlife.co.uk/article/the-battle-for-bottesford-the-border-town-of-nottinghamshire-and-leicestershire-23520/">"The Battle for Bottesford – the border town of Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101207081335/http://leicestershire.greatbritishlife.co.uk/article/the-battle-for-bottesford-the-border-town-of-nottinghamshire-and-leicestershire-23520">Archived</a> 7 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Leicestershire Magazine</i>, 31 July 2010. Retrieved: 6 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, Will. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/3590723.Laurel_proves_Hardy_after_disaster_delays">"Laurel proves Hardy after disaster delays: Statue of Laurel arrives in Bishop Auckland."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121005121533/http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/3590723.Laurel_proves_Hardy_after_disaster_delays/">Archived</a> 5 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>thenorthernecho</i>, 13 August 2008. Retrieved: 20 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cumbria/8006614.stm">"Statue honours Laurel and Hardy."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090420073138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cumbria/8006614.stm">Archived</a> 20 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>BBC</i>, 19 April 2009. Retrieved: 20 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/5183293/Hundreds-attend-Laurel-and-Hardy-statue-unveiling.html">"Hundreds attend Laurel and Hardy statue unveiling"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225221216/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/5183293/Hundreds-attend-Laurel-and-Hardy-statue-unveiling.html">Archived</a> 25 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. Retrieved: 25 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeffreyholland.co.uk/Jeffrey_Holland/Mr_Laurel.html">"'...And this is my friend Mr Laurel'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150306222553/http://www.jeffreyholland.co.uk/Jeffrey_Holland/Mr_Laurel.html">Archived</a> 6 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>jeffreyholland.co.uk</i>. Retrieved: 2 March 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stan_&_Ollie-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stan_&_Ollie_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/steve-coogan-john-c-reilly-will-laurel-hardy-stan-ollie/">"Steve Coogan and John C. Reilly will be Laurel and Hardy in Stan & Ollie"</a>. Empire magazine. 18 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105173949/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/steve-coogan-john-c-reilly-will-laurel-hardy-stan-ollie/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steve+Coogan+and+John+C.+Reilly+will+be+Laurel+and+Hardy+in+Stan+%26+Ollie&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fmovies%2Fnews%2Fsteve-coogan-john-c-reilly-will-laurel-hardy-stan-ollie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2019/05/26/43151/stan_laurel_crowned_britains_greatest_comedian">"Stan Laurel crowned Britain's greatest comedian"</a>. <i>chortle.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chortle.co.uk&rft.atitle=Stan+Laurel+crowned+Britain%27s+greatest+comedian&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chortle.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F05%2F26%2F43151%2Fstan_laurel_crowned_britains_greatest_comedian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStan+Laurel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Bergen, Ronald. <i>The Life and Times of Laurel and Hardy</i>. New York: Smithmark, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8317-5459-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8317-5459-1">0-8317-5459-1</a>.</li> <li>Bowers, Judith. <i>Stan Laurel and Other Stars of the Panopticon: The Story of the Britannia Music Hall</i>. Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-617-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-84158-617-X">1-84158-617-X</a>.</li> <li>Guiles, Fred Lawrence. <i>Stan: The Life of Stan Laurel</i>. New York: Stein and Day, 1980.</li> <li>Levy, Joe, ed. <i>Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time</i>. New York: Wenner Books, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932958-61-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932958-61-4">978-1-932958-61-4</a>.</li> <li>Louvish, Simon. <i>Stan and Ollie: The Roots of Comedy</i>. London: Faber & Faber, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-21590-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-21590-4">0-571-21590-4</a>.</li> <li>Marriot, A. J. <i>Laurel & Hardy: The British Tours</i>. Hitchen, Herts, UK: AJ Marriot, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9521308-0-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9521308-0-7">0-9521308-0-7</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCabe_(writer)" title="John McCabe (writer)">McCabe, John</a>. <i>Babe: The Life of Oliver Hardy</i>. London: Robson Books Ltd., 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86105-781-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86105-781-4">1-86105-781-4</a>.</li> <li>McCabe, John. <i>Comedy World of Stan Laurel</i>. London: Robson Books, 2005, First edition 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-780-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-780-8">978-1-86105-780-8</a>.</li> <li>McCabe, John. <i>Mr. Laurel & Mr. Hardy: An Affectionate Biography</i>. London: Robson Books, 2004, First edition 1961, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86105-606-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-86105-606-0">1-86105-606-0</a>.</li> <li>Okuda, Ted, and James L. Neibaur. <i>Stan Without Ollie: The Stan Laurel Solo Films</i>. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 2012</li> <li>Jenny Owen-Pawson, Bill Mouland. <i>Laurel Before Hardy</i>. Kendal: Westmorland Gazette, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902272519" title="Special:BookSources/0-902272519">0-902272519</a>.</li> <li>Stone, Rob. <i>Laurel or Hardy: The Solo Films of Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy</i>. Temecula, California: Split Reel Books, 1996</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Laurel&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Arthur_Stanley_Jefferson" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Arthur Stanley Jefferson">Stan Laurel</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Laurel%2C%20Stan%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Stan%20Laurel%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Laurel%2C%20Stan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Stan%20Laurel%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Stan%20Laurel%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Laurel%2C%20Stan%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Stan%20Laurel%22%29%20OR%20%28%221890-1965%22%20AND%20Laurel%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Stan Laurel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0491048/">Stan Laurel</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/109430%7C141756/wp">Stan Laurel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72869#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brentonfilm.com/articles/the-making-of-stan-laurel-echoes-of-a-british-boyhood">The Making of Stan Laurel: Echoes of a British Boyhood</a>"—Article at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brentonfilm.com/">Brenton Film</a> by Danny Lawrence, Stan Laurel's biographer</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lettersfromstan.com/">The Stan Laurel Correspondence Archive Project</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chasing_the_Chaser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chasing the Chaser (page does not exist)">Chasing the Chaser</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yes,_Yes,_Nanette" title="Yes, Yes, Nanette">Yes, Yes, Nanette</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_Bozo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book Bozo (page does not exist)">Book Bozo</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unfriendly_Enemies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unfriendly Enemies (page does not exist)">Unfriendly Enemies</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_and_Noses" title="Moonlight and Noses">Moonlight and Noses</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wandering_Papas" title="Wandering Papas">Wandering Papas</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madame_Mystery" title="Madame Mystery">Madame Mystery</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Should_Husbands_Pay%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Should Husbands Pay? (page does not exist)">Should Husbands Pay?</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wise_Guys_Prefer_Brunettes" title="Wise Guys Prefer Brunettes">Wise Guys Prefer Brunettes</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flaming_Fathers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flaming Fathers (page does not exist)">Flaming Fathers</a></i> (1927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laurel_and_Hardy_filmography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Template:Laurel and Hardy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Template talk:Laurel and Hardy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laurel and Hardy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laurel_and_Hardy_filmography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a> <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy_filmography" title="Laurel and Hardy filmography">filmography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stan Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hardy" title="Oliver Hardy">Oliver Hardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Silent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lucky_Dog" title="The Lucky Dog">The Lucky Dog</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/45_Minutes_from_Hollywood" title="45 Minutes from Hollywood">45 Minutes from Hollywood</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duck_Soup_(1927_film)" title="Duck Soup (1927 film)">Duck Soup</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slipping_Wives" title="Slipping Wives">Slipping Wives</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_%27em_and_Weep" title="Love 'em and Weep">Love 'em and Weep</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Girls_Love_Sailors" title="Why Girls Love Sailors">Why Girls Love Sailors</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/With_Love_and_Hisses" title="With Love and Hisses">With Love and Hisses</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Daddies" title="Sugar Daddies">Sugar Daddies</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sailors,_Beware!" title="Sailors, Beware!">Sailors, Beware!</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Hundred_Years_(film)" title="The Second Hundred Years (film)">The Second Hundred Years</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hats_Off_(1927_film)" title="Hats Off (1927 film)">Hats Off</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_Detectives_Think%3F" title="Do Detectives Think?">Do Detectives Think?</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Putting_Pants_on_Philip" title="Putting Pants on Philip">Putting Pants on Philip</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_the_Century" title="The Battle of the Century">The Battle of the Century</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leave_%27Em_Laughing" title="Leave 'Em Laughing">Leave 'Em Laughing</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Elephants" title="Flying Elephants">Flying Elephants</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Finishing_Touch" title="The Finishing Touch">The Finishing Touch</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Soup_to_Nuts" title="From Soup to Nuts">From Soup to Nuts</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You%27re_Darn_Tootin%27" title="You're Darn Tootin'">You're Darn Tootin'</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Their_Purple_Moment" title="Their Purple Moment">Their Purple Moment</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Should_Married_Men_Go_Home%3F" title="Should Married Men Go Home?">Should Married Men Go Home?</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_to_Bed_(1928_film)" title="Early to Bed (1928 film)">Early to Bed</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Tars" title="Two Tars">Two Tars</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_(1928_film)" title="Habeas Corpus (1928 film)">Habeas Corpus</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Faw_Down" title="We Faw Down">We Faw Down</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(1929_film)" title="Liberty (1929 film)">Liberty</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wrong_Again" title="Wrong Again">Wrong Again</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_My_Wife_(1929_film)" title="That's My Wife (1929 film)">That's My Wife</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Business_(1929_film)" title="Big Business (1929 film)">Big Business</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Double_Whoopee" title="Double Whoopee">Double Whoopee</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacon_Grabbers" title="Bacon Grabbers">Bacon Grabbers</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angora_Love" title="Angora Love">Angora Love</a></i> (1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Talking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Unaccustomed_As_We_Are" title="Unaccustomed As We Are">Unaccustomed As We Are</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berth_Marks" title="Berth Marks">Berth Marks</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Men_O%27_War" title="Men O' War">Men O' War</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perfect_Day_(1929_film)" title="Perfect Day (1929 film)">Perfect Day</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Go_Boom!" title="They Go Boom!">They Go Boom!</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hoose-Gow" title="The Hoose-Gow">The Hoose-Gow</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Owls_(1930_film)" title="Night Owls (1930 film)">Night Owls</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blotto_(film)" title="Blotto (film)">Blotto</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brats_(1930_film)" title="Brats (1930 film)">Brats</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Below_Zero_(1930_film)" title="Below Zero (1930 film)">Below Zero</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hog_Wild_(1930_film)" title="Hog Wild (1930 film)">Hog Wild</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Laurel-Hardy_Murder_Case" title="The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case">The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Fine_Mess" title="Another Fine Mess">Another Fine Mess</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Be_Big!" title="Be Big!">Be Big!</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chickens_Come_Home" title="Chickens Come Home">Chickens Come Home</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Gravy" title="Laughing Gravy">Laughing Gravy</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Wife_(1931_film)" title="Our Wife (1931 film)">Our Wife</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Clean_(1931_film)" title="Come Clean (1931 film)">Come Clean</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Good_Turn_(1931_film)" title="One Good Turn (1931 film)">One Good Turn</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beau_Hunks" title="Beau Hunks">Beau Hunks</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helpmates" title="Helpmates">Helpmates</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Any_Old_Port!" title="Any Old Port!">Any Old Port!</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Box" title="The Music Box">The Music Box</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chimp_(1932_film)" title="The Chimp (1932 film)">The Chimp</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/County_Hospital_(film)" title="County Hospital (film)">County Hospital</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scram!" title="Scram!">Scram!</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Their_First_Mistake" title="Their First Mistake">Their First Mistake</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Towed_in_a_Hole" title="Towed in a Hole">Towed in a Hole</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twice_Two" title="Twice Two">Twice Two</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Me_and_My_Pal_(1933_film)" title="Me and My Pal (1933 film)">Me and My Pal</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Midnight_Patrol" title="The Midnight Patrol">The Midnight Patrol</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Busy_Bodies" title="Busy Bodies">Busy Bodies</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Work_(1933_film)" title="Dirty Work (1933 film)">Dirty Work</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oliver_the_Eighth" title="Oliver the Eighth">Oliver the Eighth</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Going_Bye-Bye!" title="Going Bye-Bye!">Going Bye-Bye!</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Them_Thar_Hills" title="Them Thar Hills">Them Thar Hills</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Live_Ghost" title="The Live Ghost">The Live Ghost</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tit_for_Tat_(1935_film)" title="Tit for Tat (1935 film)">Tit for Tat</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_Uppers" title="The Fixer Uppers">The Fixer Uppers</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thicker_than_Water_(1935_film)" title="Thicker than Water (1935 film)">Thicker than Water</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_of_Stars" title="Galaxy of Stars">Galaxy of Stars</a></i> (1936 promotional)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pardon_Us" title="Pardon Us">Pardon Us</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pack_Up_Your_Troubles_(1932_film)" title="Pack Up Your Troubles (1932 film)">Pack Up Your Troubles</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Brother" title="The Devil's Brother">Fra Diavolo / The Devil's Brother / Bogus Bandits</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Desert" title="Sons of the Desert">Sons of the Desert</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babes_in_Toyland_(1934_film)" title="Babes in Toyland (1934 film)">Babes in Toyland</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Scotland" title="Bonnie Scotland">Bonnie Scotland</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bohemian_Girl_(1936_film)" title="The Bohemian Girl (1936 film)">The Bohemian Girl</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Relations" title="Our Relations">Our Relations</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Way_Out_West_(1937_film)" title="Way Out West (1937 film)">Way Out West</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Miss_(film)" title="Swiss Miss (film)">Swiss Miss</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Block-Heads" title="Block-Heads">Block-Heads</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Deuces" title="The Flying Deuces">The Flying Deuces</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Chump_at_Oxford" title="A Chump at Oxford">A Chump at Oxford</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saps_at_Sea" title="Saps at Sea">Saps at Sea</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Guns" title="Great Guns">Great Guns</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A-Haunting_We_Will_Go_(1942_film)" title="A-Haunting We Will Go (1942 film)">A-Haunting We Will Go</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Air_Raid_Wardens" title="Air Raid Wardens">Air Raid Wardens</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jitterbugs" title="Jitterbugs">Jitterbugs</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dancing_Masters" title="The Dancing Masters">The Dancing Masters</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Noise_(1944_film)" title="The Big Noise (1944 film)">The Big Noise</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nothing_but_Trouble_(1944_film)" title="Nothing but Trouble (1944 film)">Nothing But Trouble</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bullfighters" title="The Bullfighters">The Bullfighters</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atoll_K" title="Atoll K">Atoll K / Utopia</a></i> (1951)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Laurel_filmography" title="Stan Laurel filmography">Stan Laurel filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hardy_filmography" title="Oliver Hardy filmography">Oliver Hardy filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy_(TV_series)" title="Laurel and Hardy (TV series)"><i>Laurel and Hardy</i> (animated TV series)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_All_New_Adventures_of_Laurel_%26_Hardy_in_For_Love_or_Mummy" title="The All New Adventures of Laurel & Hardy in For Love or Mummy">The All New Adventures of Laurel & Hardy in For Love or Mummy</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stan_%26_Ollie" title="Stan & Ollie">Stan & Ollie</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy_music" title="Laurel and Hardy music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sons_of_the_Desert" title="The Sons of the Desert">The Sons of the Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template talk:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_March_of_Time" title="The March of Time">The March of Time</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Rosson" title="Harold Rosson">Harold Rosson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art_Department_of_Film" title="Museum of Modern Art Department of Film">Museum of Modern Art Film Library</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Ball_(inventor)" title="Joseph A. Ball (inventor)">J. Arthur Ball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Jennings" title="Gordon Jennings">Gordon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Domela" title="Jan Domela">Jan Domela</a>, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith, <a href="/wiki/Farciot_Edouart" title="Farciot Edouart">Farciot Edouart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyal_Griggs" title="Loyal Griggs">Loyal Griggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loren_L._Ryder" title="Loren L. Ryder">Loren L. Ryder</a>, Harry D. Mills, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mesenkop" title="Louis Mesenkop">Louis Mesenkop</a>, Walter Oberst / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_T._Marsh" title="Oliver T. Marsh">Oliver T. Marsh</a> and Allen Davey / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry Warner</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Menzies" title="William Cameron Menzies">William Cameron Menzies</a> / <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture Relief Fund</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Block" title="Ralph Block">Ralph Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Vantiva" title="Vantiva">Technicolor SA</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Levinson" title="Nathan Levinson">Nathan Levinson</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Garity" title="William Garity">William Garity</a>, John N. A. Hawkins, and the <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA Manufacturing Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> and his associates / Rey Scott / <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">British Ministry of Information</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a> (1944)</li> <li>Republic Studio, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Bloomberg" title="Daniel J. Bloomberg">Daniel J. Bloomberg</a>, and the Republic Studio Sound Department / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_I_Live_In_(1945_film)" title="The House I Live In (1945 film)">The House I Live In</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ann_Garner" title="Peggy Ann Garner">Peggy Ann Garner</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Russell" title="Harold Russell">Harold Russell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jarman_Jr." title="Claude Jarman Jr.">Claude Jarman Jr.</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baskett" title="James Baskett">James Baskett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Armat" title="Thomas Armat">Thomas Armat</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Nicholas Selig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Smith_(producer)" title="Albert E. Smith (producer)">Albert E. Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Kirke_Spoor" title="George Kirke Spoor">George Kirke Spoor</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Coo" title="Bill and Coo">Bill and Coo</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Vincent" title="Monsieur Vincent">Monsieur Vincent</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Sid_Grauman" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">The Bicycle Thief</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walls_of_Malapaga" title="The Walls of Malapaga">The Walls of Malapaga</a></i> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a> / George Mitchell / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck" title="Joseph M. Schenck">Joseph M. Schenck</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century-Fox Film Corporation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bell_%26_Howell" title="Bell & Howell">Bell & Howell Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Breen" title="Joseph Breen">Joseph Breen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pete_Smith_(film_producer)" title="Pete Smith (film producer)">Pete Smith</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausch_%26_Lomb" title="Bausch & Lomb">Bausch & Lomb Optical Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / Kemp Niver / <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jon_Whiteley" title="Jon Whiteley">Jon Whiteley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Winter" title="Vincent Winter">Vincent Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Hell_(film)" title="Gate of Hell (film)"><i>Gate of Hell</i></a> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samurai_I:_Musashi_Miyamoto" title="Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto">Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Broncho_Billy_Anderson" title="Broncho Billy Anderson">Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a> / <a href="/wiki/B._B._Kahane" title="B. B. Kahane">B. B. Kahane</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stan Laurel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Mills" title="Hayley Mills">Hayley Mills</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Hendricks" title="William L. Hendricks">William L. Hendricks</a> / Fred L. Metzler / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Tuttle" title="William J. Tuttle">William J. Tuttle</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Y._Frank_Freeman" title="Y. Frank Freeman">Y. Frank Freeman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_(make-up_artist)" title="John Chambers (make-up artist)">John Chambers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Onna_White" title="Onna White">Onna White</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1971)</li> <li>Charles S. Boren / <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Langlois" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a> / <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Booth" title="Margaret Booth">Margaret Booth</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz" title="Walter Lantz">Walter Lantz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art Department of Film</a> (1978)</li> <li>Hal Elias / <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_North" title="Alex North">Alex North</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman Kodak Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Boyle" title="Robert F. Boyle">Robert F. Boyle</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willis" title="Gordon Willis">Gordon Willis</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eli_Wallach" title="Eli Wallach">Eli Wallach</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(make-up_artist)" title="Dick Smith (make-up artist)">Dick Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hal_Needham" title="Hal Needham">Hal Needham</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens_Jr." title="George Stevens Jr.">George Stevens Jr.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Piero_Tosi" title="Piero Tosi">Piero Tosi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gena_Rowlands" title="Gena Rowlands">Gena Rowlands</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Stalmaster" title="Lynn Stalmaster">Lynn Stalmaster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman" title="Frederick Wiseman">Frederick Wiseman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Roizman" title="Owen Roizman">Owen Roizman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Levy_(publicist)" title="Marvin Levy (publicist)">Marvin Levy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lalo_Schifrin" title="Lalo Schifrin">Lalo Schifrin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wes_Studi" title="Wes Studi">Wes Studi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzhan_Palcy" title="Euzhan Palcy">Euzhan Palcy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Littleton" title="Carol Littleton">Carol Littleton</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Taylor" title="Juliet Taylor">Juliet Taylor</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Screen_Actors_Guild_Life_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Screen_Actors_Guild_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Screen_Actors_Guild_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Screen_Actors_Guild_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Screen_Actors_Guild_Life_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Life_Achievement_Award" title="Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award">Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stan Laurel</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No Award (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Gargan" title="William Gargan">William Gargan</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Raye" title="Martha Raye">Martha Raye</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pidgeon" title="Walter Pidgeon">Walter Pidgeon</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Ames" title="Leon Ames">Leon Ames</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No Award (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iggie_Wolfington" title="Iggie Wolfington">Iggie Wolfington</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanette_Fabray" title="Nanette Fabray">Nanette Fabray</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brock_Peters" title="Brock Peters">Brock Peters</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Montalban" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo Montalban">Ricardo Montalban</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Asner" title="Ed Asner">Ed Asner</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Malden" title="Karl Malden">Karl Malden</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">James Garner</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Durning" title="Charles Durning">Charles Durning</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Betty_White" title="Betty White">Betty White</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Reynolds" title="Debbie Reynolds">Debbie Reynolds</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Alda" title="Alan Alda">Alan Alda</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No Award (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72869#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72869#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72869#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108571156">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44486990">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/37781/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmdtFW78vtQgRpCpmFYfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118570196">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79066701">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13922290c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13922290c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Laurel, Stan <1890-1965>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV089076">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35228841">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701013&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX902075">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070736472">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90821399">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/n1qw9426lwqcw9q5">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810612787505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007271072405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060409103906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/21504287">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11762952?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ae92e6b7-1e51-403a-9798-dd432c45df5f">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/873685">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118570196.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118570196">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030625394">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10583198">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6cr640r">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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