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circuits.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: electronic circuits."> <meta name="keywords" content="electronic circuits."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="electronic circuits."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2011</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: electronic circuits.</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2011</span> First Order Filter Based Current-Mode Sinusoidal Oscillators Using Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (CDTAs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Summart">S. Summart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Saetiaw"> C. Saetiaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Thosdeekoraphat"> T. Thosdeekoraphat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Thongsopa"> C. Thongsopa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents new current-mode oscillator circuits using CDTAs which is designed from block diagram. The proposed circuits consist of two CDTAs and two grounded capacitors. The condition of oscillation and the frequency of oscillation can be adjusted by electronic method. The circuits have high output impedance and use only grounded capacitors without any external resistor which is very appropriate to future development into an integrated circuit. The results of PSPICE simulation program are corresponding to the theoretical analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current-mode" title="current-mode">current-mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20oscillator" title=" quadrature oscillator"> quadrature oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20diagram" title=" block diagram"> block diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDTA" title=" CDTA"> CDTA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8914/first-order-filter-based-current-mode-sinusoidal-oscillators-using-current-differencing-transconductance-amplifiers-cdtas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2010</span> One Period Loops of Memristive Circuits with Mixed-Mode Oscillations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wieslaw%20Marszalek">Wieslaw Marszalek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdzislaw%20Trzaska"> Zdzislaw Trzaska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interesting properties of various one-period loops of singularly perturbed memristive circuits with mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs) are analyzed in this paper. The analysis is mixed, both analytical and numerical and focused on the properties of pinched hysteresis of the memristive element and other one-period loops formed by pairs of time-series solutions for various circuits' variables. The memristive element is the only nonlinear element in the two circuits. A theorem on periods of mixed-mode oscillations of the circuits is formulated and proved. Replacements of memristors by parallel G-C or series R-L circuits for a MMO response with equivalent RMS values is also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-mode%20oscillations" title="mixed-mode oscillations">mixed-mode oscillations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memristive%20circuits" title=" memristive circuits"> memristive circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pinched%20hysteresis" title=" pinched hysteresis"> pinched hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-period%20loops" title=" one-period loops"> one-period loops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singularly%20perturbed%20circuits" title=" singularly perturbed circuits"> singularly perturbed circuits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20949/one-period-loops-of-memristive-circuits-with-mixed-mode-oscillations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2009</span> Design Dual Band Band-Pass Filter by Using Stepped Impedance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawzia%20Al-Sakeer">Fawzia Al-Sakeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Aldeeb"> Hassan Aldeeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development in the communications field is proceeding at an amazing speed, which has led researchers to improve and develop electronic circuits by increasing their efficiency and reducing their size to reduce the weight of electronic devices. One of the most important of these circuits is the band-pass filter, which is what made us carry out this research, which aims to use an alternate technology to design a dual band-pass filter by using a stepped impedance microstrip transmission line. We designed a filter that works at two center frequency bands by designing with the ADS program, and the results were excellent, as we obtained the two design frequencies, which are 1 and 3GHz, and the values of insertion loss S11, which was more than 21dB with a small area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band%20pass%20filter" title="band pass filter">band pass filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20band%20band-pass%20filter" title=" dual band band-pass filter"> dual band band-pass filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADS" title=" ADS"> ADS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20filter" title=" microstrip filter"> microstrip filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stepped%20impedance" title=" stepped impedance"> stepped impedance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177757/design-dual-band-band-pass-filter-by-using-stepped-impedance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2008</span> Advancements in Smart Home Systems: A Comprehensive Exploration in Electronic Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chukwuka%20E.%20V.">Chukwuka E. V.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rowling%20J.%20K."> Rowling J. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rushdie%20Salman"> Rushdie Salman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of electronic engineering encompasses the study and application of electrical systems, circuits, and devices. Engineers in this discipline design, analyze and optimize electronic components to develop innovative solutions for various industries. This abstract provides a brief overview of the diverse areas within electronic engineering, including analog and digital electronics, signal processing, communication systems, and embedded systems. It highlights the importance of staying abreast of advancements in technology and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to address contemporary challenges in this rapidly evolving field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20home%20engineering" title="smart home engineering">smart home engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user-centric%20design" title=" user-centric design"> user-centric design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20frameworks" title=" security frameworks"> security frameworks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176467/advancements-in-smart-home-systems-a-comprehensive-exploration-in-electronic-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2007</span> Memristor-A Promising Candidate for Neural Circuits in Neuromorphic Computing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juhi%20Faridi">Juhi Faridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.%20Ajmal%20Kafeel"> Mohd. Ajmal Kafeel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advancements in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and technology has led to an evolution of an intelligent era. Neural networks, having the computational power and learning ability similar to the brain is one of the key AI technologies. Neuromorphic computing system (NCS) consists of the synaptic device, neuronal circuit, and neuromorphic architecture. Memristor are a promising candidate for neuromorphic computing systems, but when it comes to neuromorphic computing, the conductance behavior of the synaptic memristor or neuronal memristor needs to be studied thoroughly in order to fathom the neuroscience or computer science. Furthermore, there is a need of more simulation work for utilizing the existing device properties and providing guidance to the development of future devices for different performance requirements. Hence, development of NCS needs more simulation work to make use of existing device properties. This work aims to provide an insight to build neuronal circuits using memristors to achieve a Memristor based NCS.  Here we throw a light on the research conducted in the field of memristors for building analog and digital circuits in order to motivate the research in the field of NCS by building memristor based neural circuits for advanced AI applications. This literature is a step in the direction where we describe the various Key findings about memristors and its analog and digital circuits implemented over the years which can be further utilized in implementing the neuronal circuits in the NCS. This work aims to help the electronic circuit designers to understand how the research progressed in memristors and how these findings can be used in implementing the neuronal circuits meant for the recent progress in the NCS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20circuits" title="analog circuits">analog circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20circuits" title=" digital circuits"> digital circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memristors" title=" memristors"> memristors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromorphic%20computing%20systems" title=" neuromorphic computing systems"> neuromorphic computing systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100057/memristor-a-promising-candidate-for-neural-circuits-in-neuromorphic-computing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2006</span> SPICE Modeling for Evaluation of Distribution System Reliability Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Srinivas">G. N. Srinivas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Raju"> K. Raju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents Markov processes for determining the reliability indices of distribution system. The continuous Markov modeling is applied to a complex radial distribution system and electrical equivalent circuits are developed for the modeling. In general PSPICE is being used for electrical and electronic circuits and various applications of power system like fault analysis, transient analysis etc. In this paper, the SPICE modeling equivalent circuits which are developed are applied in a novel way to Distribution System reliability analysis. These circuits are simulated using PSPICE software to obtain the state probabilities, the basic and performance indices. Thus the basic indices and the performance indices obtained by this method are compared with those obtained by FMEA technique. The application of the concepts presented in this paper are illustrated and analyzed for IEEE-Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20system" title="distribution system">distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20Model" title=" Markov Model"> Markov Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20indices" title=" reliability indices"> reliability indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spice%20simulation" title=" spice simulation "> spice simulation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2903/spice-modeling-for-evaluation-of-distribution-system-reliability-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2005</span> Electronic Mentoring: How Can It Be Used with Teachers?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberta%20Gentry">Roberta Gentry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic mentoring is defined as a relationship between a mentor and a mentee using computer mediated communication (CMC) that is intended to develop and improve mentee’s skills, confidence, and cultural understanding. This session will increase knowledge about electronic mentoring, its uses, and outcomes. The research behind electronic mentoring and descriptions of existing programs will also be shared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20mentoring" title="electronic mentoring">electronic mentoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentoring" title=" mentoring"> mentoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beginning%20special%20educators" title=" beginning special educators"> beginning special educators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2667/electronic-mentoring-how-can-it-be-used-with-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2004</span> Efficient Study of Substrate Integrated Waveguide Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Hajri">J. Hajri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hrizi"> H. Hrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sboui"> N. Sboui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Baudrand"> H. Baudrand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a study of SIW circuits (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) with a rigorous and fast original approach based on Iterative process (WCIP). The theoretical suggested study is validated by the simulation of two different examples of SIW circuits. The obtained results are in good agreement with those of measurement and with software HFSS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergence%20study" title="convergence study">convergence study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HFSS" title=" HFSS"> HFSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20decomposition" title=" modal decomposition"> modal decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIW%20circuits" title=" SIW circuits"> SIW circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WCIP%20method" title=" WCIP method"> WCIP method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22247/efficient-study-of-substrate-integrated-waveguide-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2003</span> Two Kinds of Self-Oscillating Circuits Mechanically Demonstrated</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiang-Hwua%20Yu">Shiang-Hwua Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Hsun%20Wu"> Po-Hsun Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study introduces two types of self-oscillating circuits that are frequently found in power electronics applications. Special effort is made to relate the circuits to the analogous mechanical systems of some important scientific inventions: Galileo’s pendulum clock and Coulomb’s friction model. A little touch of related history and philosophy of science will hopefully encourage curiosity, advance the understanding of self-oscillating systems and satisfy the aspiration of some students for scientific literacy. Finally, the two self-oscillating circuits are applied to design a simple class-D audio amplifier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-oscillation" title="self-oscillation">self-oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sigma-delta%20modulator" title=" sigma-delta modulator"> sigma-delta modulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pendulum%20clock" title=" pendulum clock"> pendulum clock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coulomb%20friction" title=" Coulomb friction"> Coulomb friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class-D%20amplifier" title=" class-D amplifier"> class-D amplifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9932/two-kinds-of-self-oscillating-circuits-mechanically-demonstrated" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2002</span> Optimization and Design of Current-Mode Multiplier Circuits with Applications in Analog Signal Processing for Gas Industrial Package Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Baqer%20Heidari">Mohamad Baqer Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hefzollah.Mohammadian"> Hefzollah.Mohammadian </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This brief presents two original implementations of improved accuracy current-mode multiplier/divider circuits. Besides the advantage of their simplicity, these original multiplier/divider structures present the advantage of very small linearity errors that can be obtained as a result of the proposed design techniques (0.75% and 0.9%, respectively, for an extended range of the input currents). The original multiplier/divider circuits permit a facile reconfiguration, the presented structures representing the functional basis for implementing complex function synthesizer circuits. The proposed computational structures are designed for implementing in 0.18-µm CMOS technology, with a low-voltage operation (a supply voltage of 1.2 V). The circuits’ power consumptions are 60 and 75 µW, respectively, while their frequency bandwidths are 79.6 and 59.7 MHz, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20signal%20processing" title="analog signal processing">analog signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current-mode%20%20operation" title=" current-mode operation"> current-mode operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20core" title=" functional core"> functional core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplier" title=" multiplier"> multiplier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20circuits" title=" reconfigurable circuits"> reconfigurable circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20package%20systems" title=" industrial package systems"> industrial package systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36406/optimization-and-design-of-current-mode-multiplier-circuits-with-applications-in-analog-signal-processing-for-gas-industrial-package-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2001</span> Comparative Performance Analysis of Nonlinearity Cancellation Techniques for MOS-C Realization in Integrator Circuits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20%C3%87i%C3%A7ekli">Hasan Çiçekli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en"> Ahmet Gökçen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U%C4%9Fur%20%C3%87am"> Uğur Çam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a comparative performance analysis of mostly used four nonlinearity cancellation techniques used to realize the passive resistor by MOS transistors is presented. The comparison is done by using an integrator circuit which is employing sequentially Op-amp, OTRA and ICCII as active element. All of the circuits are implemented by MOS-C realization and simulated by PSPICE program using 0.35 µm process TSMC MOSIS model parameters. With MOS-C realization, the circuits became electronically tunable and fully integrable which is very important in IC design. The output waveforms, frequency responses, THD analysis results and features of the nonlinearity cancellation techniques are also given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrator%20circuits" title="integrator circuits">integrator circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOS-C%20realization" title=" MOS-C realization"> MOS-C realization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinearity%20cancellation" title=" nonlinearity cancellation"> nonlinearity cancellation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuneable%20resistors" title=" tuneable resistors"> tuneable resistors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38167/comparative-performance-analysis-of-nonlinearity-cancellation-techniques-for-mos-c-realization-in-integrator-circuits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2000</span> Tamper Resistance Evaluation Tests with Noise Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masaya%20Yoshikawa">Masaya Yoshikawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiya%20Asai"> Toshiya Asai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryoma%20Matsuhisa"> Ryoma Matsuhisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuke%20Nozaki"> Yusuke Nozaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kensaku%20Asahi"> Kensaku Asahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, side-channel attacks, which estimate secret keys using side-channel information such as power consumption and compromising emanations of cryptography circuits embedded in hardware, have become a serious problem. In particular, electromagnetic analysis attacks against cryptographic circuits between information processing and electromagnetic fields, which are related to secret keys in cryptography circuits, are the most threatening side-channel attacks. Therefore, it is important to evaluate tamper resistance against electromagnetic analysis attacks for cryptography circuits. The present study performs basic examination of the tamper resistance of cryptography circuits using electromagnetic analysis attacks with noise resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tamper%20resistance" title="tamper resistance">tamper resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptographic%20circuit" title=" cryptographic circuit"> cryptographic circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware%20security%20evaluation" title=" hardware security evaluation"> hardware security evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20resources" title=" noise resources "> noise resources </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25852/tamper-resistance-evaluation-tests-with-noise-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1999</span> Polymer in Electronic Waste: An Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anis%20A.%20Ansari">Anis A. Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftab%20A.%20Ansari"> Aftab A. Ansari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic waste is inundating the traditional solid-waste-disposal facilities, which are inadequately designed to handle and manage such type of new wastes. Since electronic waste contains mostly hazardous and even toxic materials, the seriousness of its effects on human health and the environment cannot be ignored in present scenario. Waste from the electronic industry is increasing exponentially day by day. From the last 20 years, we are continuously generating huge quantities of e-waste such as obsolete computers and other discarded electronic components, mainly due to evolution of newer technologies as a result of constant efforts in research and development in this sector. Polymers, one of the major constituents in almost every electronic waste, such as computers, printers, electronic equipment, entertainment devices, mobile phones, television sets etc., are if properly recycled can create a new business opportunity. This would not only create potential market for polymers to improve economy but also the priceless land used as dumping sites of electronic waste, can be utilized for other productive purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20recycling" title="polymer recycling">polymer recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20waste" title=" electronic waste"> electronic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazardous%20materials" title=" hazardous materials"> hazardous materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20components" title=" electronic components"> electronic components</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19469/polymer-in-electronic-waste-an-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1998</span> Characteization and Optimization of S-Parameters of Microwave Circuits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ourabia">N. Ourabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Boubaker%20Ourabia"> M. Boubaker Ourabia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An approach for modeling and numerical simulation of passive planar structures using the edge line concept is developed. With this method, we develop an efficient modeling technique for microstrip discontinuities. The technique obtains closed form expressions for the equivalent circuits which are used to model these discontinuities. Then, it would be easy to handle and to characterize complicated structures like T and Y junctions, truncated junctions, arbitrarily shaped junctions, cascading junctions and more generally planar multiport junctions. Another advantage of this method is that the edge line concept for arbitrary shape junctions operates with real parameters circuits. The validity of the method was further confirmed by comparing our results for various discontinuities (bend, filters) with those from HFSS as well as from other published sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAD%20analysis" title=" CAD analysis"> CAD analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20circuits" title=" microwave circuits"> microwave circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S-parameters" title=" S-parameters"> S-parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25946/characteization-and-optimization-of-s-parameters-of-microwave-circuits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1997</span> Integration from Laboratory to Industrialization for Hybrid Printed Electronics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Moulay">Ahmed Moulay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariia%20Zhuldybina"> Mariia Zhuldybina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirko%20Torres"> Mirko Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mike%20Rozel"> Mike Rozel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngoc%20Duc%20Trinh"> Ngoc Duc Trinh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlo%C3%A9%20Bois"> Chloé Bois</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hybrid printed electronics technology (HPE) provides innovative opportunities to enhance conventional electronics applications, which are often based on printed circuit boards (PCB). By combining the best of both performance from conventional electronic components and the flexibility from printed circuits makes it possible to manufacture HPE at high volumes using roll-to-roll printing processes. However, several challenges must be overcome in order to accurately integrate an electronic component on a printed circuit. In this presentation, we will demonstrate the integration process of electronic components from the lab scale to the industrialization. Both the printing quality and the integration technique must be studied to define the optimal conditions. To cover the parameters that influence the print quality of the printed circuit, different printing processes, flexible substrates, and conductive inks will be used to determine the optimized printing process/ink/substrate system. After the systems is selected, an electronic component of 2.5 mm2 chip size will be integrated to validate the functionality of the printed, electronic circuit. Critical information such as the conductive adhesive, the curing conditions, and the chip encapsulation will be determined. Thanks to these preliminary results, we are able to demonstrate the chip integration on a printed circuit using industrial equipment, showing the potential of industrialization, compatible using roll-to-roll printing and integrating processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20bed%20screen-printing" title="flat bed screen-printing">flat bed screen-printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20printed%20electronics" title=" hybrid printed electronics"> hybrid printed electronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large-scale%20production" title=" large-scale production"> large-scale production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roll-to-roll%20printing" title=" roll-to-roll printing"> roll-to-roll printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20screen%20printing" title=" rotary screen printing"> rotary screen printing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142964/integration-from-laboratory-to-industrialization-for-hybrid-printed-electronics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1996</span> Machines Hacking Humans: Performances Practices in Electronic Music during the 21st Century</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zimasa%20Siyasanga%20Gysman">Zimasa Siyasanga Gysman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper assesses the history of electronic music and its performance to illustrate that machines and technology have largely influenced how humans perform electronic music. The history of electronic music mainly focuses on the composition and production of electronic music with little to no attention paid to its performance by the majority of scholars in this field. Therefore, establishing a history of performance involves investigating what compositions of electronic music called for in the production of electronic music performance. This investigation into seminal works in the history of electronic music, therefore, illustrates the aesthetics of electronic music performance and the aesthetics established in the very beginnings of electronic music performance demonstrate the aesthetics of electronic music which are still prevalent today. The key aesthetics are the repurposing of technology and the hybridisation of technology. Performers take familiar technology (technology that society has become accustomed to using in daily life), not necessarily related to music or performance and use it as an instrument in their performances, such as a rotary dial telephone. Likewise, since the beginnings of electronic music, producers have always experimented with the latest technologies available to them in their compositions and performances. The spirit of performers of electronic music, therefore, revolves around repurposing familiar technologies and using them in new ways, whilst similarly experimenting with new technologies in their performances. This process of hybridisation plays a key role in the production and performance of electronic music in the twentieth century. Through various interviews with performers of electronic music, it is shown that these aesthetics are driving performance practices in the twenty-first century. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body" title="body">body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridisation" title=" hybridisation"> hybridisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound" title=" sound"> sound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102904/machines-hacking-humans-performances-practices-in-electronic-music-during-the-21st-century" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1995</span> Paper-Based Detection Using Synthetic Gene Circuits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanessa%20Funk">Vanessa Funk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Blum"> Steven Blum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Cole"> Stephanie Cole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Maciel"> Jorge Maciel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Lux"> Matthew Lux</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paper-based synthetic gene circuits offer a new paradigm for programmable, fieldable biodetection. We demonstrate that by freeze-drying gene circuits with in vitro expression machinery, we can use complimentary RNA sequences to trigger colorimetric changes upon rehydration. We have successfully utilized both green fluorescent protein and luciferase-based reporters for easy visualization purposes in solution. Through several efforts, we are aiming to use this new platform technology to address a variety of needs in portable detection by demonstrating several more expression and reporter systems for detection functions on paper. In addition to RNA-based biodetection, we are exploring the use of various mechanisms that cells use to respond to environmental conditions to move towards all-hazards detection. Examples include explosives, heavy metals for water quality, and toxic chemicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-free%20lysates" title="cell-free lysates">cell-free lysates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20circuits" title=" gene circuits"> gene circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro"> in vitro</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71047/paper-based-detection-using-synthetic-gene-circuits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1994</span> Importance of Hardware Systems and Circuits in Secure Software Development Life Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mir%20Shahriar%20Emami">Mir Shahriar Emami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although it is fully impossible to ensure that a software system is quite secure, developing an acceptable secure software system in a convenient platform is not unreachable. In this paper, we attempt to analyze software development life cycle (SDLC) models from the hardware systems and circuits point of view. To date, the SDLC models pay merely attention to the software security from the software perspectives. In this paper, we present new features for SDLC stages to emphasize the role of systems and circuits in developing secure software system through the software development stages, the point that has not been considered previously in the SDLC models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDLC" title="SDLC">SDLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSDLC" title=" SSDLC"> SSDLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20security" title=" software security"> software security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20process%20engineering" title=" software process engineering"> software process engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware%20systems%20and%20circuits%20security" title=" hardware systems and circuits security"> hardware systems and circuits security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55558/importance-of-hardware-systems-and-circuits-in-secure-software-development-life-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1993</span> Efficient Modeling Technique for Microstrip Discontinuities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassim%20Ourabia">Nassim Ourabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malika%20Ourabia"> Malika Ourabia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new and efficient method is presented for the analysis of arbitrarily shaped discontinuities. The technique obtains closed form expressions for the equivalent circuits which are used to model these discontinuities. Then it would be easy to handle and to characterize complicated structures like T and Y junctions, truncated junctions, arbitrarily shaped junctions, cascading junctions, and more generally planar multiport junctions. Another advantage of this method is that the edge line concept for arbitrary shape junctions operates with real parameters circuits. The validity of the method was further confirmed by comparing our results for various discontinuities (bend, filters) with those from HFSS as well as from other published sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAD%20analysis" title="CAD analysis">CAD analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contour%20integral%20approach" title=" contour integral approach"> contour integral approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20circuits" title=" microwave circuits"> microwave circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=s-parameters" title=" s-parameters"> s-parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25945/efficient-modeling-technique-for-microstrip-discontinuities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1992</span> Recovery of Polymers from Electronic Waste - An Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anis%20A.%20Ansari">Anis A. Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Javed%20Arif"> Syed Javed Arif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the last two-three decades, all countries are continuously generating huge quantities of electronic waste in the form of obsolete computers, gadgets and other discarded electronic instruments mainly due to evolution of newer technologies as a result of constant efforts in research and development in this area. This is the primary reason why waste from the electronic industry is increasing exponentially day by day. Thermoset and thermoplastic polymers, which are the major constituents in every electronic waste, may create a new business opportunity if these are recovered and recycled properly. This may reduce our directly dependency on petroleum and petro-products for polymer materials and also create a potential market for recycled polymers to improve economy. The main theme of this paper is to evolve the potential of recovery and recycling of polymers from the waste being generated globally in the form of discarded electronic products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20recovery" title="polymer recovery">polymer recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20waste" title=" electronic waste"> electronic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum" title=" petroleum"> petroleum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastics" title=" thermoplastics"> thermoplastics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42470/recovery-of-polymers-from-electronic-waste-an-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1991</span> A Framework for Organizational Architecture of Electronic City and Electronic Municipality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Zeynali%20Azim">Ali Zeynali Azim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostfa%20Basiry"> Mostfa Basiry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Kafshi"> Samira Kafshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elnaz%20Behnoud"> Elnaz Behnoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study provides a framework for enterprise architecture in electronic city is electronic municipality. Nowadays, information technology as an emerging phenomenon has a special place in the world. Development of information and communication technology causes many changes in various fields, including emerging e-cities, municipalities and citizens. However, e-city and e-municipality need essential enterprise architecture. In order to develop enterprise architecture of e-city and e-municipality, enterprise architecture maturity method should be applied. Therefore, one of the most important needs of organizations is to choose important activities according to limitations. The studies show that there is a close relationship between IT, enterprise architecture, e-city and e-municipality. This study aimed to clarify the concept of IT, enterprise architecture, electronic city and e-municipality and how they are related to each other. Is the existence of each of IT, enterprise architecture, electronic and electronic municipal requires each other? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title="enterprise architecture">enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-city" title=" e-city"> e-city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-municipality" title=" e-municipality"> e-municipality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-government" title=" e-government"> e-government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-citizen" title=" e-citizen"> e-citizen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service-oriented%20architecture" title=" service-oriented architecture"> service-oriented architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13947/a-framework-for-organizational-architecture-of-electronic-city-and-electronic-municipality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1990</span> Design and Implementation of Testable Reversible Sequential Circuits Optimized Power</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Manikandan">B. Manikandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Vijayaprabhu"> A. Vijayaprabhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conservative reversible gates are used to designed reversible sequential circuits. The sequential circuits are flip-flops and latches. The conservative logic gates are Feynman, Toffoli, and Fredkin. The design of two vectors testable sequential circuits based on conservative logic gates. All sequential circuit based on conservative logic gates can be tested for classical unidirectional stuck-at faults using only two test vectors. The two test vectors are all 1s, and all 0s. The designs of two vectors testable latches, master-slave flip-flops and double edge triggered (DET) flip-flops are presented. We also showed the application of the proposed approach toward 100% fault coverage for single missing/additional cell defect in the quantum- dot cellular automata (QCA) layout of the Fredkin gate. The conservative logic gates are in terms of complexity, speed, and area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DET" title="DET">DET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QCA" title=" QCA"> QCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversible%20logic%20gates" title=" reversible logic gates"> reversible logic gates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POS" title=" POS"> POS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOP" title=" SOP"> SOP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latches" title=" latches"> latches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flip%20flops" title=" flip flops"> flip flops</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42418/design-and-implementation-of-testable-reversible-sequential-circuits-optimized-power" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1989</span> High School Stem Curriculum and Example of Laboratory Work That Shows How Microcomputers Can Help in Understanding of Physical Concepts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20Slugan">Jelena Slugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivica%20Ru%C5%BEi%C4%87"> Ivica Ružić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We are witnessing the rapid development of technologies that change the world around us. However, curriculums and teaching processes are often slow to adapt to the change; it takes time, money and expertise to implement technology in the classroom. Therefore, the University of Split, Croatia, partnered with local school Marko Marulić High School and created the project "Modern competence in modern high schools" as part of which five different curriculums for STEM areas were developed. One of the curriculums involves combining information technology with physics. The main idea was to teach students how to use different circuits and microcomputers to explore nature and physical phenomena. As a result, using electrical circuits, students are able to recreate in the classroom the phenomena that they observe every day in their environment. So far, high school students had very little opportunity to perform experiments independently, and especially, those physics experiment did not involve ICT. Therefore, this project has a great importance, because the students will finally get a chance to develop themselves in accordance to modern technologies. This paper presents some new methods of teaching physics that will help students to develop experimental skills through the study of deterministic nature of physical laws. Students will learn how to formulate hypotheses, model physical problems using the electronic circuits and evaluate their results. While doing that, they will also acquire useful problem solving skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT%20in%20physics" title="ICT in physics">ICT in physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title=" curriculum"> curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20activities" title=" laboratory activities"> laboratory activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM%20%28science" title=" STEM (science"> STEM (science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering" title=" engineering"> engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%29" title=" mathematics)"> mathematics)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72981/high-school-stem-curriculum-and-example-of-laboratory-work-that-shows-how-microcomputers-can-help-in-understanding-of-physical-concepts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1988</span> Electronic Transparency in Georgia as a Basis for Development of Electronic Governance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lasha%20Mskhaladze">Lasha Mskhaladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guram%20Burchuladze"> Guram Burchuladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khvicha%20Datunashvili"> Khvicha Datunashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technological changes have an impact not only on economic but also on social elements of society which in turn has created new challenges for states’ political systems and their regimes. As a result of unprecedented growth of information technologies and communications digital democracy and electronic governance have emerged. Nowadays effective state functioning cannot be imagined without electronic governance. In Georgia, special attention is paid to the development of such new systems and establishment of electronic governance. Therefore, in parallel to intensive development of information technologies an important priority for public sector in Georgia is the development of electronic governance. In spite of the fact that today Georgia with its economic indicators satisfies the standards of western informational society, and major part of its gross domestic product comes from the service sector (59.6%), it still remains a backward country on the world map in terms of information technologies and electronic governance. E-transparency in Georgia should be based on such parameters as government accountability when the government provides citizens information about their activities; e-participation which involves government’s consideration of external expert assessments; cooperation between officials and citizens in order to solve national problems. In order to improve electronic systems the government should actively do the following: Fully develop electronic programs concerning HR and exchange of data between public organizations; develop all possible electronic services; improve existing electronic programs; make electronic services available on different mobile platforms (iPhone, Android, etc.). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20transparency" title="electronic transparency">electronic transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20services" title=" electronic services"> electronic services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20society" title=" information society"> information society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20systems" title=" electronic systems"> electronic systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50282/electronic-transparency-in-georgia-as-a-basis-for-development-of-electronic-governance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1987</span> Provision Electronic Management Requirements in Libyan Oil Companies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitham%20Yami">Hitham Yami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study will focus primarily on assessing the availability requirements of the electronic management of oil companies in Libya, and the mean objectives of the research applying electronic management and make recommendations and steps to approach electronic management. There are limited research and statistical analysis to support electronic management in Libyan companies. The groundwork for the proposed approach is to develop independent variables and the dependent variables to be restructured after it Alntra side of the field and the side to get the data to achieve the desired results and solving the problem faced by the Libyan Oil Corporation. All these strategies are proposed to achieve the goal, and solving Libyan oil installations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20company%E2%80%99s%20revenue" title="oil company’s revenue">oil company’s revenue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent%20variables" title=" independent variables"> independent variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20management" title=" electronic management"> electronic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libyan%20oil%20corporation" title=" Libyan oil corporation"> Libyan oil corporation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59775/provision-electronic-management-requirements-in-libyan-oil-companies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1986</span> Motives for Using Electronic Journalism More than Daily Newspapers in Palestine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motaz%20Alshawwa">Motaz Alshawwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This current study aims to know journalists' motives for dealing with electronic journalism more than paper journalism in Palestine. The participants of the study were (250) journalists. To achieve the study objective, a questionnaire was used that was composed of (18) questions. The results of the study showed that the motives dealing with electronic journalism were utilitarian motives that were represented by knowing the local news. We find a statistically significant relationship at the level of significance of 0.05 between the uses of electronic journalism and gender, and there are statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 in the motives of dealing with electronic journalism. The study recommends the daily paper journals in Palestine should meet the various and different needs of the public. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20journalism" title="electronic journalism">electronic journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journalist" title=" journalist"> journalist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper%20journalism" title=" paper journalism"> paper journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilitarian%20motives" title=" utilitarian motives"> utilitarian motives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161624/motives-for-using-electronic-journalism-more-than-daily-newspapers-in-palestine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1985</span> Effect of Baffles on the Cooling of Electronic Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Bendermel">O. Bendermel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Seladji"> C. Seladji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khaouani"> M. Khaouani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we made a numerical study of the thermal and dynamic behaviour of air in a horizontal channel with electronic components. The influence to use baffles on the profiles of velocity and temperature is discussed. The finite volume method and the algorithm Simple are used for solving the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The results found show that baffles improve heat transfer between the cooling air and electronic components. The velocity will increase from 3 times per rapport of the initial velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20components" title="electronic components">electronic components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baffles" title=" baffles"> baffles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling" title=" cooling"> cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluids%20engineering" title=" fluids engineering"> fluids engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5304/effect-of-baffles-on-the-cooling-of-electronic-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1984</span> Applying Wavelet Transform to Ferroresonance Detection and Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Wei%20Huang">Chun-Wei Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyh-Cherng%20Gu"> Jyh-Cherng Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Ta%20Yang"> Ming-Ta Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-synchronous breakage or line failure in power systems with light or no loads can lead to core saturation in transformers or potential transformers. This can cause component and capacitance matching resulting in the formation of resonant circuits, which trigger ferroresonance. This study employed a wavelet transform for the detection of ferroresonance. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferroresonance" title="ferroresonance">ferroresonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20electronic%20device" title=" intelligent electronic device"> intelligent electronic device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer" title=" transformer"> transformer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12919/applying-wavelet-transform-to-ferroresonance-detection-and-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1983</span> Parametric Analysis of Lumped Devices Modeling Using Finite-Difference Time-Domain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20M.%20de%20Freitas">Felipe M. de Freitas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Icaro%20V.%20Soares"> Icaro V. Soares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas%20L.%20L.%20Fortes"> Lucas L. L. Fortes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandro%20T.%20M.%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Sandro T. M. Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%9Arsula%20D.%20C.%20Resende"> Úrsula D. C. Resende</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The SPICE-based simulators are quite robust and widely used for simulation of electronic circuits, their algorithms support linear and non-linear lumped components and they can manipulate an expressive amount of encapsulated elements. Despite the great potential of these simulators based on SPICE in the analysis of quasi-static electromagnetic field interaction, that is, at low frequency, these simulators are limited when applied to microwave hybrid circuits in which there are both lumped and distributed elements. Usually the spatial discretization of the FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method is done according to the actual size of the element under analysis. After spatial discretization, the Courant Stability Criterion calculates the maximum temporal discretization accepted for such spatial discretization and for the propagation velocity of the wave. This criterion guarantees the stability conditions for the leapfrogging of the Yee algorithm; however, it is known that for the field update, the stability of the complete FDTD procedure depends on factors other than just the stability of the Yee algorithm, because the FDTD program needs other algorithms in order to be useful in engineering problems. Examples of these algorithms are Absorbent Boundary Conditions (ABCs), excitation sources, subcellular techniques, grouped elements, and non-uniform or non-orthogonal meshes. In this work, the influence of the stability of the FDTD method in the modeling of concentrated elements such as resistive sources, resistors, capacitors, inductors and diode will be evaluated. In this paper is proposed, therefore, the electromagnetic modeling of electronic components in order to create models that satisfy the needs for simulations of circuits in ultra-wide frequencies. The models of the resistive source, the resistor, the capacitor, the inductor, and the diode will be evaluated, among the mathematical models for lumped components in the LE-FDTD method (Lumped-Element Finite-Difference Time-Domain), through the parametric analysis of Yee cells size which discretizes the lumped components. In this way, it is sought to find an ideal cell size so that the analysis in FDTD environment is in greater agreement with the expected circuit behavior, maintaining the stability conditions of this method. Based on the mathematical models and the theoretical basis of the required extensions of the FDTD method, the computational implementation of the models in Matlab® environment is carried out. The boundary condition Mur is used as the absorbing boundary of the FDTD method. The validation of the model is done through the comparison between the obtained results by the FDTD method through the electric field values and the currents in the components, and the analytical results using circuit parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20circuits" title="hybrid circuits">hybrid circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LE-FDTD" title=" LE-FDTD"> LE-FDTD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumped%20element" title=" lumped element"> lumped element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20analysis" title=" parametric analysis"> parametric analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107123/parametric-analysis-of-lumped-devices-modeling-using-finite-difference-time-domain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1982</span> Examining Effects of Electronic Market Functions on Decrease in Product Unit Cost and Response Time to Customer </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maziyar%20Nouraee">Maziyar Nouraee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic markets in recent decades contribute remarkably in business transactions. Many organizations consider traditional ways of trade non-economical and therefore they do trade only through electronic markets. There are different categorizations of electronic markets functions. In one classification, functions of electronic markets are categorized into classes as information, transactions, and value added. In the present paper, effects of the three classes on the two major elements of the supply chain management are measured. The two elements are decrease in the product unit cost and reduction in response time to the customer. The results of the current research show that among nine minor elements related to the three classes of electronic markets functions, six factors and three factors influence on reduction of the product unit cost and reduction of response time to the customer, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20commerce" title="electronic commerce">electronic commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20market" title=" electronic market"> electronic market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B2B%20trade" title=" B2B trade"> B2B trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title=" supply chain management"> supply chain management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3231/examining-effects-of-electronic-market-functions-on-decrease-in-product-unit-cost-and-response-time-to-customer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20circuits.&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20circuits.&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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