CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html class="page_article article_glossaire composition_glossaire ltr en no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://www.concurrences.com/"> <script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);/*]]>*/</script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Pay-for-delay - Concurrences</title> <meta name="description" content="One of the FTC's top priorities in recent years has been to oppose a costly legal tactic that more and more branded drug manufacturers have been using to stifle competition from lower-cost generic…" /> <style type='text/css'>img.adapt-img{max-width:100%;height:auto;}.adapt-img-wrapper {display:inline-block;max-width:100%;position:relative;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;line-height:1px;overflow:hidden}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic{display:block}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic::before{content:'';display:block;height:0;width:100%;}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic img{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:auto;}.adapt-img-wrapper.loading:not(.loaded){background-size: cover;}@media (min-width:320.5px){.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop{display:block}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop::before{content:'';display:block;height:0;width:100%;}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop img{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:auto;}}.adapt-img-background{width:100%;height:0}@media print{html .adapt-img-wrapper{background:none}}</style> <script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/var adaptImgDocLength=144702;adaptImgAsyncStyles="picture.adapt-img-wrapper{background-size:0;}";adaptImgLazy=false;(function(){function d(a){var b=document.documentElement;b.className=b.className+" "+a}function f(a){var b=window.onload;window.onload="function"!=typeof window.onload?a:function(){b&&b();a()}}document.createElement("picture");adaptImgLazy&&d("lazy");var a=!1;if("undefined"!==typeof window.performance)a=window.performance.timing,a=(a=~~(adaptImgDocLength/(a.responseEnd-a.connectStart)))&&50>a;else{var c=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;"undefined"!==typeof c&& (a=3==c.type||4==c.type||/^[23]g$/.test(c.type))}a&&d("aislow");var e=function(){var a=document.createElement("style");a.type="text/css";a.innerHTML=adaptImgAsyncStyles;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("style")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b);window.matchMedia||window.onbeforeprint||beforePrint()};"undefined"!==typeof jQuery?jQuery(function(){jQuery(window).on('load',e)}):f(e)})();/*]]>*/</script>  <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/dictionary/pay-for-delay" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.concurrences.com/fr/dictionnaire/accord-de-report-d-entree-88852" />   <link rel="schema.DC" href="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <link rel="schema.DCTERMS" href="https://purl.org/dc/terms/" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="rfc1766" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" lang="en" content="Pay-for-delay" /> <meta name="DC.Description.Abstract" lang="en" content="One of the FTC's top priorities in recent years has been to oppose a costly legal tactic that more and more branded drug manufacturers have been using to stifle competition from lower-cost generic…" /> <meta name="DC.Date" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" content="2019-01-18" /> <meta name="DC.created" scheme="WTN8601" content="2019-01-18T00:00:00" /> <meta name="DC.date.created" scheme="WTN8601" content="2019-01-18T00:00:00" /> <meta name="DC.Date.Modified" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" content="2019-01-31" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" scheme="URI" content="https://www.concurrences.com/en/dictionary/pay-for-delay" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Concurrences" /> <meta name="DC.Source" scheme="URI" content="https://www.concurrences.com" /> <meta name="DC.Subject" content="Pay-for-Delay" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://www.concurrences.com/squelettes/img/logo/favicon/favicon.svg" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/38/eb53752304d66f157aaf81b9ef6dd6.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="48x48" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/2b/0d54d963c60e773622ff95e0b4c182.ico" /> <link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/b8/42ed8c8a24f31e702c68b2aa6f69ba.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/05/6ca8b6d4c932f8e13bf741535dd98e.png" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://matomo.concurrences.com/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="SPIP 4.3.4" /> <meta name="bingbot" content="nocache" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Subscribe to the whole site" href="en/page/backend/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel='stylesheet' href='local/cache-css/9ef4d70b4b6709daec6af6b3147131c3.css?1732788380' type='text/css' /> <script>window.MathJaxLib='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-chtml.js';window.MathJax={ startup: { elements: ['.spip-math'] }, tex: { inlineMath: [['$', '$']] }, svg: { fontCache: 'global' } };</script><script type='text/javascript'>var var_zajax_content='content';</script><script> var mediabox_settings={"auto_detect":true,"ns":"box","tt_img":true,"sel_g":"#documents_portfolio a[type='image\/jpeg'],#documents_portfolio a[type='image\/png'],#documents_portfolio a[type='image\/gif']","sel_c":".mediabox","str_ssStart":"Slideshow","str_ssStop":"Stop","str_cur":"{current}\/{total}","str_prev":"Previous","str_next":"Next","str_close":"Close","str_loading":"Loading\u2026","str_petc":"Press \u2019Esc\u2019 to close","str_dialTitDef":"Dialogue box","str_dialTitMed":"Media display","splash_url":"","lity":{"skin":"_simple-dark","maxWidth":"90%","maxHeight":"90%","minWidth":"400px","minHeight":"","slideshow_speed":"2500","opacite":"0.8","defaultCaptionState":"expanded"}}; </script>  <style>p.spip-math {margin:1em 0;text-align: center}</style> <script type='text/javascript' src='local/cache-js/54e8ce81bfe7b8537886d04b4fb6cdfc.js?1732029944'></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> window.spipConfig ??= {}; spipConfig.select2 ??= {}; spipConfig.select2.selector ??= ''; </script><script src="https://cdn.nuclia.cloud/nuclia-video-widget.umd.js"></script><link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.concurrences.com/oembed.api/?format=json&url=%2F%2Fen%2Fdictionary%2Fpay-for-delay" /> <script>var error_on_ajaxform='Ooops. An unexpected error prevented to submit the form. You can try again.';</script> </head> <body> <div class="page" id="page"> <header id="header" class="page-header" data-idc-header-sticky role="banner"> <section id="header-main" class="page-header__main"> <div id="header-logo" class="page-header__logo"> <a rel="start home" href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/" title="Home"> <img src='squelettes/img/logo/20ans/concurrences.svg?1704296160' alt='Concurrences' width='2750' height='800' /> </a> </div> <nav id="header-aside1" class="page-header__aside page-header__aside_1"> <span class="social social_links"> <a class="social__icon social__icon_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/CompetitionLaws" title="Visit our Twitter page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_twitter-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Twitter (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/institute-of-competition-law-icl-institut-de-droit-de-la-concurrence-idc-" title="Visit our Linkedin page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_linkedin-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Linkedin (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/concurrences.review/" title="Visit our Facebook page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_facebook-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Facebook (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/concurrences_review/" title="Visit our Instagram page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_instagram-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Instagram (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ConcurrencesReview" title="Visit our Youtube page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_youtube-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Youtube (opens a new window)</span> </a> </span> <span class="lang"> <a href='https://www.concurrences.com/spip.php?action=language&var_lang=fr&redirect=%2F%2Fen%2Fdictionary%2Fpay-for-delay' title='Passer à la version française'>Fr</a> | <strong class="on active">En</strong> </span> <span class="about"> <a href="en/institute" title="About Concurrences"><em class="idc-icon idc-icon_info" aria-hidden></em> <span class="about__label">About</span></a> </span> </nav> <nav id="header-aside2" class="page-header__aside page-header__aside_2"> <a href="en/page/subscribe/" class="tem newsletter"><em class="idc-icon idc-icon_mail" aria-hidden></em> <span>Newsletter</span></a> <a href="en/page/login/" class="item popin link-popin-login"><em class="idc-icon idc-icon_log-in" aria-hidden></em> <span>Sign in</span></a> <a href="en/page/cart/" class="item"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_shopping-cart" aria-hidden></em> <span>Cart</span> </a> <button class="item search hide" onclick="jQuery('#header-search').toggleClass('visible');return false;"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_search" aria-hidden></em> </button> </nav> </section> <section id="header-nav" class="page-header__nav"> <nav class="navbar navbar-responsive"> <div class="menu-conteneur navbar-inner container-fluid"> <a class="btn btn-navbar navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse-main"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></a> <div class="nav-collapse navbar-collapse nav-collapse-main collapse"><ul class="menu-liste menu-items navbar-nav nav" data-depth="0"> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/bulletin/" class="menu-items__lien">Bulletin</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/review/" class="menu-items__lien">Review</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/events/" class="menu-items__lien">Events</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique"> <a href="en/all-books/" class="menu-items__lien">Books</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_badge on active"> <a href="en/dictionary/" class="menu-items__lien">Dictionary <small>Free</small></a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/podcasts" class="menu-items__lien">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_lien"> <a href="https://awards.concurrences.com" class="menu-items__lien">Awards</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item-primary"> <a href="en/abonnements/" class="menu-items__lien">Subscriptions</a> </li> </ul></div></div> </nav> </section> <section id="header-search" class="page-header__search searchbar"> <hr> <div class="searchbar-item searchbar-item_search"> <div class="searchbar-inner"> <div class="formulaire_spip formulaire_recherche form-search"> <form action="en/page/recherche/#" method="get"><div> <label for="recherche" class="over offscreen">Search:</label> <div class="input-append input-group input-group-text-search"> <input type="text" class="search text search-query form-control" name="recherche" id="recherche" accesskey="4" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" placeholder="Type your search…"/> <span class="btn-group input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" > <i class="picto picto-search"></i> <span>Search</span> </button> </span> </div> </div></form> </div> </div> </div> </section> </header> <nav class="breadcrumb-wrapper" id="breadcrumb-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="container"> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="https://www.concurrences.com/">Home</a><span class="divider"> > </span></li> <li><a href="en/dictionary/">Dictionary</a><span class="divider"> > </span></li> <li class="active"><span class="on active">Pay-for-delay</span></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="central" id="central"> <div class="banner-top" id="banner-top"> <div class="container"> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper" id="wrapper"> <div class="container"> <main class="content primary" id="content" role="main"> <article class="relative-content"> <div class="menu-glossaire-wrapper sticky-top" id="menu-definition"><ul class="nav menu-glossaire menu-nb-4"><li class='mav-item menu-glossaire-item menu-glossaire-item-auteur'><a class="btn btn-link" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#auteur" data-target="#auteur"><span class="picto-round picto-auteur"><img src='squelettes/img/picto-glossaire-auteur.svg?1619777159' alt='' width='20' height='19' /></span><span class="menu-glossaire-item-label">Author Definition</span></a></li> <li class='mav-item menu-glossaire-item menu-glossaire-item-institution'><a class="btn btn-link" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#institution" data-target="#institution"><span class="picto-round picto-institution"><img src='squelettes/img/picto-glossaire-institution.svg?1619777159' alt='' width='18' height='16' /></span><span class="menu-glossaire-item-label">Institution Definition</span></a></li> <li class='mav-item menu-glossaire-item menu-glossaire-item-references'><a class="btn btn-link" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#references" data-target="#references"><span class="picto-round picto-references"><img src='squelettes/img/picto-glossaire-references.svg?1619777159' alt='' width='15' height='18' /></span><span class="menu-glossaire-item-label">References</span></a></li> <li class='mav-item menu-glossaire-item menu-glossaire-item-index'><button class="btn btn-link collapsed" role="button" data-target="#index" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="index"><span class="picto-round picto-index"><img src='squelettes/img/picto-glossaire-index.svg?1619777159' alt='' width='20' height='18' /></span><span class="menu-glossaire-item-label">Table of contents</span></button></li></ul></div> <header class="section section_primary section_cols section_cartouche"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="cartouche cartouche_glossaire"> <h1 class="cartouche__heading" id="start"> <span class="start-mire"></span> <span class="crayon article-titre-88857 ">Pay-for-delay</span> </h1> </div> </div> </header> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_author scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="auteur"> <span>Author Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-apercu" class="definition-section-title">Definition</h3> <div class="crayon article-chapo-100328 apercu surlignable"><p>Pay-for-delay occurs when a patentee agrees to compensate a potential or alleged patent infringer to refrain from competing against the patentee for some period of time. These agreements are also called “reverse-payments”, because the payments flow in the “wrong” direction, from patentee to infringer (that is, plaintiff to defendant), rather than from infringer to patentee, as is the norm. Pay-for-delay occurs most frequently, if not exclusively, in the pharmaceutical industry, when an originator of a branded drug agrees to pay a generic producer to settle or avoid litigation that may invalidate the originator’s patent(s), in exchange for the generic’s commitment not to compete with originator’s drug for a period of time. Both E.U. and U.S. competition law are concerned about pay-for-delay agreements because they can allow patentees to avoid competition and maintain supracompetitive prices by sharing their monopoly rents with would-be competitors, to the detriment of consumers.</p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-texte" class="definition-section-title">Commentary</h3> <div class="crayon article-texte-100328 texte surlignable"><p><strong>European Commission:</strong></p> <p>Pay-for-delay agreements can violate Article 101 of the TFEU. Most recently, in Lundbeck v. Commission (2021), the European Court of Justice (E.C.J.) held that the pay-for-delay agreements at issue constituted restrictions of competition by object under Article 101(1). These agreements between Lundbeck and four generic suppliers concerned Lundbeck’s antidepressant citalopram (sold under different brand names in different member states). The generic suppliers committed not to produce or sell generic citalopram or transfer their existing marketing authorizations to any third party, and to sell all existing citalopram inventory to Lundbeck. In exchange, Lundbeck agreed to provide the generic suppliers with significant cash payments and guaranteed profits via distribution agreements, with the amounts based on the profits the generics would have earned had they entered the market. When the parties executed these agreements, Lundbeck’s citalopram patent had already expired, but Lundbeck still held patents on some methods of making citalopram (i.e., process patents). The European Commission (E.C.) determined these agreements restricted competition by object and fined the parties € 146 million in June 2013. The European Union General Court (G.C.) affirmed in September 2016. The parties then appealed to the E.C.J.</p> <p>In affirming the G.C.’s decision, the E.C.J. made several key points relevant to future pay-for-delay cases. First, as to whether the generics were potential competitors to Lundbeck under Article 101, it was not necessary to assess the strength and likely validity of Lundbeck’s remaining patents, to prove definitively that the generics’ products would not have infringed them, or to demonstrate with certainty that generics would have entered the market and succeeded. The generics’ intention and ability to enter the market, and the fact that they had taken affirmative steps to do so, were sufficient. Second, as to whether the agreements were restrictions by object, that concept “must be interpreted strictly and can be applied only to some agreements”. Nevertheless, by-object treatment is not only appropriate, but necessary when “it is plain from the examination of the [reverse-payment] settlement agreement concerned that the transfers of value . . . cannot have any explanation other than the commercial interest of both the holder of the patent at issue and the party allegedly infringing the patent not to engage in competition on the merits”. Such agreements “can clearly be characterised as ‘restrictions by object’” because they involve “competitors deliberately substitut[ing] practical cooperation between them for the risks of competition”. Determining whether a particular pay-for-delay agreement fits this description requires a case-by-case assessment of whether the transfer of value from the originator to the generic was sufficiently large to incentivize the generic not to enter and compete on the merits. Turning the agreements at issue, the Court rejected Lundbeck’s argument that they merely secured protection within the scope of the process patents, in part because the Court found no basis to assume that those patents were valid and would have been infringed. Consequently, the G.C.’s finding that Lundbeck’s payments under these agreements completely extinguished the generics’ incentives to challenge Lundbeck’s patents was sufficient to establish a restriction by object.</p> <p>The E.C.’s assessments of pay-for-delay agreements in other cases have been more expansive than Lundbeck. In Servier (2014) and Cephalon (2020), the E.C. found that the patent litigation settlement agreements at issue violated Article 101(1) not only by object, but by effect as well. According to the Servier decision, the E.C. conducted a by-effect analysis “for the sake of completeness”. (Unlike the Lundbeck agreements, the Servier and Cephalon agreements settled active patent litigation.) The Servier decision also applied Article 102, concluding that Servier had abused its dominance in a perindopril-only product market. In Servier v. Commission (2018), the G.C. affirmed the E.C.’s by-object and by-effect determinations for all agreements except the license agreement between Servier and Krka, a generic manufacturer. The E.C. had treated that agreement as part of the reverse-payment settlement between Servier and Krka, and thus as part of a single violation of Article 101(1). But the G.C., noting that licensure may be a legitimate way to settle patent dispute, analyzed the license agreement separately and found the E.C. had met neither its by-object nor its by-effect burdens. The G.C. also rejected the E.C.’s abuse-of-dominance determination after finding the E.C.’s market definition too narrow. Servier and Cephalon are pending on appeal before the E.C.J and G.C., respectively.</p> <p><strong>United States:</strong></p> <p>Pay-for-delay agreements can violate Section 1 of the Sherman Act and, in suits brought by the Federal Trade Commission (F.T.C.), the Section 5 of the F.T.C. Act (which reaches practices that violate the Sherman Act and other antitrust laws). The key pay-for-delay case in the U.S. is F.T.C. v. Actavis (2013), in which the Supreme Court held that pay-for-delay agreements that permit entry within the patent term may be subject to rule-of-reason analysis. The agreements at issue concerned Solvay’s patent on Androgel. Pursuant to the process for generic entry established under U.S. law by the Hatch-Waxman Act, Actavis and Paddock alleged that Solvay’s patent was invalid and not infringed by the generic testosterone gels they planned to introduce, and Solvay responded by suing both for patent infringement. (The Supreme Court’s opinion details the Hatch-Waxman process.) To settle the litigation, Actavis and Paddock agreed to delay the launch of their products for approximately nine years and to help market Androgel in the meantime. In return, Solvay agreed to pay the generics hundreds of millions of dollars. The case reached the Supreme Court on appeal from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, which had dismissed the F.T.C.’s complaint based on the scope-of-the-patent test—i.e., antitrust generally does not condemn a pay-for-delay settlement if it does not limit competition more than the exclusionary potential of the patent. The Eleventh Circuit concluded that these settlements satisfied the test—and were thus not subject to antitrust scrutiny—because the generics’ commitment not to enter the market was set to expire before Sovlay’s patent. In reversing, the Supreme Court rejected the scope-of-the-patent test, explaining that it requires an assumption that the patents are valid and infringed, which is the very thing the settled litigation called into question and left unresolved. Indeed, pay-for-delay agreements can cause anticompetitive harm because they eliminate the risk of competition posed by meritorious patent disputes.</p> <p>The Court also provided guidance on what the rule-of-reason analysis should consider. Although the scope-of-the-patent test is inappropriate, courts need not go to other extreme of evaluating in detail a patent’s validity. Instead, courts often may infer from a large and unjustified reverse payment that the patent holder “has serious doubts about the patent’s survival” and that “the payment’s objective is to maintain supracompetitive prices to be shared among the patentee and the challenger rather than face what might have been a competitive market.” At the same time, a reverse-payment settlement can have “offsetting or redeeming virtues” and does not raise the same antitrust concerns if it “reflects traditional settlement considerations, such as avoided litigation costs or fair value for services”. Thus, factors to consider when deciding whether a reverse payment is likely anticompetitive include “its size, its scale in relation to the payor’s anticipated future litigation costs, its independence from other services for which it might represent payment, and the lack of any other convincing justification.” Actavis remains the controlling authority and starting point when applying U.S. antitrust law to pay-for-delay settlements.</p> <p>In Impax Laboratories (2019), the F.T.C. decided its first pay-for-delay case after Actavis. Sitting as an adjudicative body, the five-member Commission unanimously held that the F.T.C.’s prosecuting attorneys had proven that the agreement violated Section 5 of the F.T.C. Act. Impax appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, which affirmed the Commission’s decision, in Impax Laboratories v. F.T.C. (2021). The offending agreement involved Endo compensating generic supplier Impax to abandon its Hatch-Waxman challenge of Endo’s patent and to delay launching a generic version of Endo’s branded opioid Opana ER for two-and-a-half years. The court agreed with the Commission’s application of “the burden-shifting analysis that courts have used in other rule of reason cases, as informed by the Supreme Court’s reasoning in Actavis.” At the first step, it required and found proof of “a large, unjustified payment . . . made in exchange for deferring entry into the market or for abandoning a patent suit, plus the existence of market power.” To calculate the size of the payment, the Commission (consistent with other courts) “consider[ed] all value—cash and otherwise—that the branded drug manufacturer transfer[ed] to the generic through the settlement (including any side agreements that contemporaneous timing or other circumstances indicate should be considered part of the same transaction).” Endo’s commitments that could be attributed to the reverse payment were enough to constitute a large, unjustified payment to Impax, as their value “exceeded the payor’s [Endo’s] anticipated saved litigation costs plus the value to be rendered under the agreement[,] and . . . no other clear justification present[ed] itself.” The Fifth Circuit likewise found the payment large, “comparable to other cases where courts have inferred anticompetitive effect”, and not otherwise justified. Both the Commission and the court also found this payment restrained trade. The required showing is not that generic competition was certain, or even probable, absent the payment, but that there was a risk or “a real threat” of such competition. Proceeding to the second step, the settlement’s alleged procompetitive benefits, the Commission found that they were not adequately linked to the reverse payment to delay Imapx’s entry, and that they could have been achieved without the challenged restraint. The Fifth Circuit reached no conclusion on the former finding, but determined that the latter was supported by the evidence and sufficient to conclude the court’s review in the Commission’s favor.</p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-jurisprudence" class="definition-section-title">Case references</h3> <div class="crayon article-reference-100328 reference"><p><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-confirms-the-pay-for-delay-infringement-decision-in-the" class="spip_in">Case C-591/16 P, Lundbeck v. Commission, EU:C:2021:243</a></p> <p><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2019/chroniques/relevant-market-the-general-court-of-the-european-union-finds-that-the-european" class="spip_in">Case T-691/14, Servier v. Commission, EU:T:2018:922</a></p> <p>Summary of Commission Decision of 26 November 2020, Case AT.39686 – Cephalon, 2021 O.J. (C 32) 7</p> <p>Summary of Commission Decision of 9 July 2014, Case AT.39612 – Perindopril (Servier), 2016 O.J. (C 39) 5</p> <p><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2013/case-comments/United-States-The-U-S-Supreme" class="spip_in">FTC v. Actavis, 570 U.S. 136 (2013)</a></p> <p>In the Matter of Impax Laboratories, Inc., 2018 WL 1744940 (F.T.C.)</p> <p>Impax Laboratories, Inc. v. F.T.C., 19-60394, F.3d., 2021 WL 1376984 (5th Cir. Apr. 13, 2021)</p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-biblio" class="definition-section-title">Bibliography</h3> <div class="crayon article-ps-100328 jurisprudence"><p>Valentine Korah (ed.), Competition Law of the European Union § 9.04 (2nd ed., Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. 2020) ;</p> <p>Stefano Barazza, Pay-for-Delay Agreements in the EU Pharmaceutical Industry: Patent Law and Competition Law in Light of <i>Lundbeck</i>, 1 EPLR 3 (2017) ;</p> <p>Sven Gallasch, Activating <i>Actavis</i> in Europe - The Proposal of a Structured Effects-Based Analysis for Pay-for-Delay Settlements, 36 Legal Stud. 683 (2016) ;</p> <p>Aaron Edlin , Scott Hemphill, Herbert Hovenkamp & Carl Shapiro, The <i>Actavis</i> Inference: Theory and Practice, 67 Rutgers U. L. Rev. 585 (2015) ;</p> <p>Bruce H. Kobayashi , Joshua D. Wright, Douglas H. Ginsburg & Joanna Tsai, <i>Actavis</i> and Multiple ANDA Entrants: Beyond the Temporary Duopoly, 29 Antitrust 89 (2015).</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_definition sticky-top" id="definition-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#part-apercu" data-target="#part-apercu">Definition</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#part-texte" data-target="#part-texte">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#part-jurisprudence" data-target="#part-jurisprudence">Case references</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#part-biblio" data-target="#part-biblio">Bibliography</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2>Author</h2> <div class="auteurs"> <ul class="liste-items liste-items-well"> <li class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/noah-joshua-phillips" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:50px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L100xH100/auton70604-f678c.png?1711361464) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Noah Joshua Phillips</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">Cravath Swaine & Moore (Washington)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">United States</span> <span class="articles"><em>12</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>23235</em> visits</span> </div> </div></li> </ul> </div> <div class="well citation"> <h2>Quotation</h2> <article class="entry article article-dictionary hentry"> <span class="authors">Noah Joshua Phillips, </span> <span class="entry-title">Pay-for-delay</span><span class="rubrique"><span class="sep">, </span> Global Dictionary of Competition Law, Concurrences, Art. N° 88857</span> </article> </div> <div class="well stats"> <p><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> <b>Visits</b> <em class="number">9343</em></p> </div> </aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_author scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="institution"> <span>Institution Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="crayon article-texte-88857 texte surlignable"><p>One of the FTC’s top priorities in recent years has been to oppose a costly legal tactic that more and more branded drug manufacturers have been using to stifle competition from lower-cost generic medicines. These drug makers have been able to sidestep competition by offering patent settlements that pay generic companies not to bring lower-cost alternatives to market. These “pay-for-delay” patent settlements effectively block all other generic drug competition for a growing number of branded drugs. According to an FTC study, these anticompetitive deals cost consumers and taxpayers $3.5 billion in higher drug costs every year. Since 2001, the FTC has filed a number of lawsuits to stop these deals, and it supports legislation to end such “pay-for-delay” settlements.<strong>© <a href="IMG/pdf/pay_for_delay_federal_trade_commission.pdf?47369/73c49fb1247be060604d611ad4d2162dbeede7e7931b6184b03ec8a5a6d7164f" class="spip_in" type='application/pdf'>Federal Trade Commission</a></strong></p> <p><a href="en/all-books/les-accords-de-report-d-entree-88832" class="spip_in">On this topic see Walid Chaiehloudj’s PhD (Concurrences 2018 Award)</a></p></div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"></aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_references scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <section class="subsection subsection_jurisprudence related-section related-jurisprudence scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-jurisprudence"> <span id="references">Case Comments</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yVjRxW9uyhvoads3gr0/lRJEbriuxYe0mbKwe4AQbJ/1rLtCMMNRwpFIbCcpp02zPmwsbgBmiRJjc4lavVKX5dr4+jWbt9SOuBJ6Kxl6LPfDtAFApQjcIf9z8Zf2VukmWg+vF5sI6LTgK/Dvz6cUqhCP+nSFKLC8vpsyQ258BIuVW+S4GOBryq+AO8NMR7SgyfZ0NQdUjk/NooOGFo2W06FHxfTE1vqUxM8CQePBR+yhmTq/yCSx/4hcIXQ9JCMBbWk8nka2hn1pj107lIcO2AcPfOKiSEXIFaRpudR7oFxaKZNxkpv6DqoE86b0lc2+q18HX3muCfYMDI+gcsLein/R2etbXKD27l/' data-origin="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/melanie-thill-tayara">Mélanie Thill-Tayara</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marion-provost-75425">Marion Provost</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/special-issues/pharma-dominance/pharma-dominance-an-overview-of-eu-and-national-case-law" rel="bookmark">Pharma & Dominance: An overview of EU and national case law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120218 introduction entry-content"><p>In this update, we analyze the most recent trends across the EU under Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“<strong>TFEU</strong>”). This year is marked by the much-expected ruling of the European Court of Justice (“<strong>ECJ</strong>”) in <i>Commission v. Servier</i>, which contains interesting developments on market definition for pharmaceuticals (<strong>I.</strong>). Also noteworthy is the adoption, on 22 July 2024, of the first Commission decision on disparagement practices, which will pave the way for potential future intervention against claimed abusive communications by pharmaceutical companies (<strong>II.</strong>). Aside from these two landmark EU cases, there have also been developments at the national level, focusing mostly on excessive pricing (<strong>III.</strong>).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/uk-competition-authority">UK Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-uk-court-of-appeal-rules-in-favour-of-the-competition-authority-s-procedure" rel="bookmark">The UK Court of Appeal rules in favour of the Competition Authority’s procedure of finding an illegal market sharing agreement in the supply of the essential medicine hydrocortisone <em>(Auden Mckenzie / Actavis)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-05T22:00:00Z">6 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120527 introduction entry-content"> <p>CMA wins drug market sharing appeal* <br class='autobr' /> The Court of Appeal has upheld the CMA’s finding of cartel infringement relating to an illegal market sharing agreement in the supply of an essential medicine. <br class='autobr' /> The Court of Appeal (CoA) has today ruled in favour of the Competition and Markets Authority (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alexandre-lacresse">Alexandre Lacresse</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/enzo-rebelo">Enzo Rebelo</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/chroniques/full-juridiction-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-confirms-that-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Full juridiction</strong>: The Court of Justice of the European Union confirms that the fine reformed by the General Court in the exercise of its unlimited jurisdiction is not a new fine legally distinct from the fine imposed by the Commission <em>(Westfälische Drahtindustrie)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-07-03T22:00:00Z">4 July 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121742 introduction entry-content"> <p>This case appears to be the remnant of a long-running dispute that began with the Commission’s sanctioning in 2010 of a cartel on the prestressing steel market (Comm. eur., dec. June 30, 2010, C(2010) 4387 final, aff. AT.38344). Challenging this decision, the applicants initially obtained an (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/european-court-of-justice">European Court of Justice</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-largely-upholds-on-appeal-the-commission-s-decision-to" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice largely upholds on appeal the Commission’s decision to fine drug makers for pay-for-delay agreements in the market for perindopril <em>(Servier)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119356 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Justice rules on the existence of agreements, decisions and concerted practices and of abuse of a dominant position on the perindopril market* <br class='autobr' /> It examines the patent dispute settlement agreements concluded by the Servier group with manufacturers of generic medicines <br class='autobr' /> The Servier (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kyriakos-fountoukakos">Kyriakos Fountoukakos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/emily-bottle">Emily Bottle</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/peter-rowland">Peter Rowland</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jose-munoz-martinez">Jose Munoz Martinez</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ruth-allen">Ruth Allen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-the-commission-s-abuse-of-dominance-fine-on-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the Commission’s abuse of dominance fine on a French pharmaceutical company for entering into patent settlement and licence agreements with several generic drug manufacturers <em>(Servier)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119497 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 27 June 2024 the EU Court of Justice (CJEU) handed down its much-anticipated judgments in the Servier saga, largely upholding the European Commission (EC)’s 2014 infringement decision imposing fines on French pharmaceutical company Servier and several generic companies for entering into (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jonathan-cheng">Jonathan Cheng</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/david-weaver">David Weaver</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-mostly-upholds-the-commission-s-decision-to-fine" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice mostly upholds the Commission’s decision to fine several pharma firms for pay-for-delay agreements in the market for perindopril <em>(Servier)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119513 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a significant ruling, the ECJ has confirmed that agreements concluded between Servier and several generic manufacturers breached EU antitrust rules. However, following Advocate General Kokott’s opinion, it disagreed with the General Court’s findings on other aspects of the case—including on (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/giovanni-pregno">Giovanni Pregno</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michael-clancy">Michael Clancy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-reindl">Andreas Reindl</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-the-commission-s-pay-for-delay-fine-and" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the Commission’s pay-for-delay fine and confirms that patent settlement agreements among pharmaceutical companies can be qualified as “object restrictions” <em>(Servier)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119517 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 27 June 2024, the Court of Justice of the EU (“CJEU”) delivered its judgments in the Servier case (Cases C-176/19 P et al), siding with the European Commission’s initial decision and setting forth an analysis that will increase the risks that patent settlement agreements can be found to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/melanie-thill-tayara">Mélanie Thill-Tayara</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marion-provost-75425">Marion Provost</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/penelope-agosta-199295">Pénélope Agosta</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-confirms-agreements-intent-on-delaying-the-entry-of" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice confirms agreements intent on delaying the entry of generic rivals into a market may be by object anticompetitive and underlines the importance of a price-centred approach <em>(Servier)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119667 introduction entry-content"> <p>Key Takeaways The ECJ confirms its intolerance against conduct that is viewed as originator companies buying off competition from generic companies about to enter the market and thereby unduly prolonging their monopoly. Such conduct, which directly goes against the political objective of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/alertes/pay-for-delay-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-rules-that-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Pay-for-delay</strong> : The Court of Justice of the European Union rules that the agreements between Servier and generics restrict competition and annuls the General Court’s decisions on those agreements and the definition of the relevant market <em>(Biogaran ; Teva UK ; Lupin ; Mylan ; Krka. ; Servier ; Niche ; Unichem)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119738 introduction entry-content"> <p>On June 27, 2024, the European Court of Justice handed down 9 rulings concerning the marketing of perindopril, in cases C-144/19 (Lupin v. European Commission), C-151/19 (European Commission v. Krka), C-164/19 (Niche Generics v. European Commission), C-166/19 (Unichem Laboratories v. European (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bas-braeken">Bas Braeken</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jade-versteeg">Jade Versteeg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/timo-hieselaar">Timo Hieselaar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/lara-elzas">Lara Elzas</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/demi-van-den-berg">Demi van den Berg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/joost-van-belois">Joost van Belois</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-illegality-of-pay-for-delay-agreements-in" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds illegality of ‘pay-for-delay’ agreements in pharmaceutical markets <em>(Servier)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121013 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 27 June 2024, the CJEU handed down a number of judgments in which it addressed the legality of so-called pay-for-delay agreements in the pharmaceutical sector. French pharmaceutical company Servier developed and marketed a drug for the treatment of certain heart diseases (perindopril). It (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/fay-zhou">Fay Zhou</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/arthur-peng">Arthur Peng</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-chinese-supreme-court-publishes-its-amended-judicial-interpretation-on" rel="bookmark">The Chinese Supreme Court publishes its amended judicial interpretation on several issues concerning the application of law in the trial of monopoly civil dispute cases</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-23T22:00:00Z">24 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121006 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 24 June 2024, the Supreme People’s Court (the “SPC”) published the amended Judicial Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Monopoly Civil Dispute Cases (the “New Judicial Interpretation”). The New Judicial Interpretation has come into force on 1 (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michael-clancy">Michael Clancy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/peter-l-ecluse">Peter L’Ecluse</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/catherine-longeval">Catherine Longeval</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/koen">Koen T’Syen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-italian-competition-authority-investigates-alleged-arrangements-between" rel="bookmark">The Italian Competition Authority investigates alleged arrangements between pharmaceutical companies to delay the launch of a biosimilar version of an eye treatment medication <em>(Biogen / Genentech / Novartis / Samsung Bioepis)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-05T22:00:00Z">6 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119074 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Italian Competition Authority (Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato - AGCM ) began an investigation into alleged arrangements between Biogen, Genentech, Novartis, and Samsung Bioepis to delay the launch on the Italian market of Byooviz®, a biosimilar version of Lucentis®. Both (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Italian-Competition-Authority">Italian Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-italian-competition-authority-launches-an-investigation-into-8-firms-for" rel="bookmark">The Italian Competition Authority launches an investigation into 8 firms for alleged pay-for-delay tactics in the market for the active ingredient in several eye diseases <em>(Biogen / Genentech / Novartis / Samsung Bioepis)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-05T22:00:00Z">6 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119118 introduction entry-content"> <p>I868 - Italian Competition Authority: investigation launched against eight undertakings for anticompetitive agreement in the market for the active principle ranibizumab* <br class='autobr' /> The undertakings involved are Samsung Bioepis co. Ltd., Samsung Bioepis NL B.V., Biogen Inc., Biogen Italia S.r.l., (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mark-a-ford">Mark A. Ford</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/leon-b-greenfield">Leon B. Greenfield</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/omar-a-khan">Omar A. Khan</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/holly-ovington">Holly Ovington</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rochella-t-davis">Rochella T. Davis</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bryce-t-freeman">Bryce T. Freeman</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/james-m-lyons">James M. Lyons</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-p-yin">David P. Yin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jeff-soller">Jeff Soller</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-us-district-court-for-the-district-of-new-jersey-dismisses-monopolisation" rel="bookmark">The US District Court for the District of New Jersey dismisses monopolisation claims against a drug maker arising from an alleged refusal to sell samples and reverse payment agreements <em>(Celgene / Bristol-Myers Squibb)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-05T22:00:00Z">6 June 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119568 introduction entry-content"> <p>On June 6, 2024, Judge Esther Salas of the District of New Jersey granted defendants Celgene Corp.’s and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.’s motion to dismiss various claims for alleged state and federal antitrust violations and state unfair competition claims. Plaintiffs alleged, among other claims, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/enzo-marasa">Enzo Marasà</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/francesca-ellena">Francesca Ellena</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2024/the-italian-competition-authority-launches-an-investigation-into-suspected-pay" rel="bookmark">The Italian Competition Authority launches an investigation into suspected pay-for-delay agreements between 8 pharma companies concerning a biosimilar drug <em>(Biogen / Samsung / Genentech...)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-05-20T22:00:00Z">21 May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119812 introduction entry-content"> <p>On May 21, 2024, the Italian Competition Authority (the AGCM or ICA) opened new proceedings against eight pharmaceutical companies to investigate suspected pay-for-delay practices in breach of the prohibition on anti-competitive agreements (Article 101 TFEU). These alleged practices were related (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><a id='pagination_articles_related' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsection_articles related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-articles"> <span>Articles</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXTRhW9u6jRg7ds3td+bOJb9yJuiyOL1kreMMvGEXw3ecjn8VDuc9eHjlfjcbQCh+sm7cOuNGoNk10rNCN8gkMTF0DeX/+6Y3XMOw6Dc1XrrVt1IAmnYZfx0C59eVvLVXV+vhSkWIcKfTMxEnTaeEYOdiG9bH6dOJl/fHoVfD52gNU2USaMowpBMVx+2zM6KfoPCURohzTXNcfLft0CXeLy0jg0YUFx1hMKdXKfrd5v02QD7g52Z+jRfl9BcgSbR8Wb2w1oDUEQsf4zG/VE/bq96doorFiv5kaFoFBI+5HDe7J+ssFqN+PePzEnAzsHwKG2LKKheQQHkoQR5lne2M2yi8MJ' data-origin="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/leen-de-vreese">Leen De Vreese</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/legal-practice/ecn-pharma-report-update-on-competition-enforcement-in-the-pharmaceutical" rel="bookmark">ECN Pharma Report: Update on competition enforcement in the pharmaceutical sector</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119240 introduction entry-content"> <p>The European Commission has published a report providing an overview of the enforcement of EU antitrust and merger rules by the Commission and the national competition authorities in the pharmaceutical sector between 2018 and 2022. This report shows that active enforcement of antitrust and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rebekka-schlieper-flamind">Rebekka Schlieper-Flamind</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/books/regulation-innovation-and-competition-in-pharmaceutical-markets-a-comparative-117349" rel="bookmark">Regulation, Innovation and Competition in Pharmaceutical Markets: A Comparative Study</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117349 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/negishi-wine-ocn-ne-jp">Akira Negishi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/masako-wakui">Masako Wakui</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/naoko-mariyama">Naoko Mariyama</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2022/livres/competition-law-and-policy-in-the-japanese-pharmaceutical-sector-akira-negishi" rel="bookmark">Competition Law and Policy in the Japanese Pharmaceutical Sector, Akira NEGISHI, Masako WAKUI and Naoko MARIYAMA (eds.)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-114860 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Wolf-Sauter">Wolf Sauter</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marcel-canoy">Marcel Canoy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Jotte-Mulder">Jotte Mulder</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2023/books/eu-competition-law-and-pharmaceuticals-sauter-wolf-canoy-marcel-and-mulder" rel="bookmark">EU Competition Law and Pharmaceuticals, SAUTER Wolf, CANOY Marcel and MULDER Jotte (eds.)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115015 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/patricia-danzon">Patricia Danzon</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2021/law-economics/firm-size-and-pharmaceutical-mergers-a-cross-national-cross-sector-perspective-en" rel="bookmark">Firm size and pharmaceutical mergers: A cross-national, cross-sector perspective</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101387 introduction entry-content"> <p>Standard merger analysis, which focuses on the proposed merger’s potential to raise prices or reduce innovation in individual product markets, ignores the potential for horizontal mergers to increase size-related leverage and anticompetitive cross-market effects that can arise out of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stephane-rodrigues">Stéphane Rodrigues</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2018/books/patent-settlements-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry-under-us-antitrust-and-eu" rel="bookmark">Patent Settlements in the Pharmaceutical Industry under US Antitrust and EU Competition Law, Amalia ATHANASIADOU</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2018</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88316 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/perrine-perez">Perrine Perez</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2018/livres/les-accords-de-report-d-entree-contribution-a-l-etude-de-la-relation-du-droit-87439" rel="bookmark">Les accords de report d’entrée: Contribution à l’étude de la relation du droit de la concurrence et du droit des brevets, Walid CHAIEHLOUDJ</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2018</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-87439 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bernd-meyring">Bernd Meyring</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/susan-jones">Susan Jones</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2018/interview/susan-jones-novartis-navigating-competition-law-enforcement-around-the-world-an" rel="bookmark">Susan Jones (Novartis): Navigating competition law enforcement around the world - an in-house perspective</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2018</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-85391 introduction entry-content"> <p>Having worked in a competition law authority, in private practice and now as an in-house lawyer, I view the latter as the most challenging and interesting. As an in-house lawyer, I feel responsible for safeguarding the long-term success and reputation of the company. So, it is important to stay (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alessandra-tonazzi-20595">Alessandra Tonazzi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/elina-koustoumpardi">Elina Koustoumpardi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/melanie-thill-tayara">Mélanie Thill-Tayara</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/raphael-de-coninck">Raphaël De Coninck</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2017/dossier/recent-developments-in-pharma-antitrust-84663" rel="bookmark">Recent developments in pharma antitrust</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2017</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-84663 introduction entry-content"> <p>The authors of this On-Topic focus on the latest developments in the pharmaceutical sector. According to Ms Thill-Tayara, author of the first contribution and lawyer with Dechert Paris, if the competition agencies’ activism is partly motivated by the need to limit the expenses of national health (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/derek-ritzmann">Derek Ritzmann</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/knut-fournier">Knut Fournier</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/niamh-dunne">Niamh Dunne</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sandra-marco-colino">Sandra Marco Colino</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sofia-pais">Sofia Pais</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2017/on-topic/the-lundbeck-case-and-the-concept-of-potential-competition-83827" rel="bookmark">The <em>Lundbeck</em> case and the concept of potential competition</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2017</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83827 introduction entry-content"> <p>Antitrust rules have been brought into play in situations whereby a company tries to prevent, or at least delay, the entry into the market of potential competitors. This issue has gained prominence in the context of patents and intellectual property (IP) rights in the pharmaceutical industry. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/anna-m-pavlik">Anna M. Pavlik</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Kent-Bernard">Kent Bernard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marc-brotman">Marc Brotman</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2014/interview/marc-brotman-pfizer-u-s-and-global-antitrust-issues-from-a-pharmaceutical-in-62205" rel="bookmark">Marc Brotman (Pfizer): U.S. and global antitrust issues from a pharmaceutical in-house counsel perspective</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2014</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-62205 introduction entry-content"> <p>Interview conducted by Kent Bernard, Fordham School of Law and Anna Pavlik, Institute of Competition Law. <br class='autobr' /> What is your background? <br class='autobr' /> I’ve had a focus on antitrust work since starting at Weil Gotshal, with my first large matter being the predatory pricing case that Northwest and Continental (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/joshua-d-wright">Joshua D. Wright</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2013/Doctrines-1492/FTC-v-Actavis-and-the-future-of" rel="bookmark">FTC v. Actavis and the future of reverse payment cases</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-11-30T23:00:00Z">December 2013</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59202 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Supreme Court ruled in FTC v. Actavis that reverse payment settlement agreements between branded and generic pharmaceutical companies are subject to antitrust scrutiny and should be analyzed under the traditional, but not necessarily full-blown, rule-of-reason. The Court’s decision (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/catherine-prieto-62">Catherine Prieto</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2012/More-Common-Ground-for" rel="bookmark">More Common Ground for International Competition Law?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2012</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-42033 introduction entry-content"> <p>In recent years, an impressive proliferation of competition laws has been seen around the world. Whilst this development may lead to greater diversity of approaches, economic arguments may promote convergence. The contributions to this book look at a number of the most topical issues by asking (…)</p> </div> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-events"> <span>Events</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yVlRtW8u2gOk7ff/Yt0IjYKQPdGNfFrkNDe7EtQnOEAP59T9UD/d9VUEn88NoqVDfnJo50c135iCsB01RffTNZto80IFF+ZVkuxJUwCUG6uKIz13XkGFfMVL/y+/zmOTwUwABHebqmNDXPQE2+zDF1rVQayi/VgTSx2FFdqxgZV2UNwvzdVrTRkkAItX1iIqM7GrBB4oPbsSApvOLd6lpE0Akhxxb4j4dPrCrYcza3sO1j6PbXIyRQgjMV2Xq47LHDSxRX7Drpx1fSghzw0NQU/6JyxsrZFknHIoVNEGv1NnIb5TJBEJLxMdwoGs8nX/13B9xutfUQHFvxgwS1HtGnYSo1jWIkgQQ==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/mike-cowie">Mike Cowie</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michael-b-miller">Michael B. Miller</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/matthew-tabas">Matthew Tabas</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/colman-ragan">Colman Ragan</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sorcha-o-carroll">Sorcha O’Carroll</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/pauline-a-kennedy">Pauline Kennedy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/eric-stock">Eric Stock</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-gilman-42097">Daniel Gilman</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/elinor-hoffmann">Elinor Hoffmann</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rena-conti">Rena Conti</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/patricia-danzon">Patricia Danzon</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/thomas-dematteo">Thomas Dematteo</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/martin-gaynor">Martin Gaynor</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/cooleygj">Gwendolyn Cooley</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/dina-older-aguilar">Dina Older Aguilar</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/antitrust-in-life-sciences-106261" rel="bookmark">Antitrust in Life Sciences</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-06-30T13:00:00Z">30 June 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-106261 introduction entry-content"><p>"Antitrust in Life Sciences - 3rd Annual Edition” Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Bates White, Cornerstone Research, Dechert, Gibson Dunn, and Morrison & Foerster.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ginger-zhe-jin">Ginger Zhe Jin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/molly-herron">Molly Herron</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/robert-milne">Robert Milne</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/christine-siegwarth-meyer">Christine Siegwarth Meyer</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/antitrust-in-life-sciences-3-generics-pay-for-delay-patent-settlements-reverse" rel="bookmark">Antitrust in Life Sciences #3 Generics: Pay-For-Delay, Patent Settlements, Reverse Payment, Price-Fixing & Market Allocation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-06-24T15:00:00Z">24 June 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100004 introduction entry-content"><p>3rd webinar of the 2nd « Antitrust in Life Sciences » Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with NERA Economic Consulting and White & Case, with <a href="en/authors/molly-herron" class="spip_in">Molly Herron</a> (Lead Group Antitrust Counsel - ex-Americas, Novartis), <a href="en/authors/ginger-zhe-jin" class="spip_in">Ginger Jin</a> (Professor, University of Maryland), <a href="en/authors/david-blackburn" class="spip_in">Christine Meyer</a> (Chair, Intellectual Property Practice & Managing Director, NERA Economic Consulting) and <a href="en/authors/robert-milne" class="spip_in">Robert Milne</a> (Partner, White & Case).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alessandra-tonazzi-20595">Alessandra Tonazzi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-flochel">Laurent Flochel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/melanie-thill-tayara">Mélanie Thill-Tayara</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/paul-csiszar">Paul Csiszar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/thierry-dahan">Thierry Dahan</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/recent-developments-in-pharma-antitrust-83088" rel="bookmark">Recent Developments in Pharma Antitrust</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-11-15T11:00:00Z">15 November 2016</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83088 introduction entry-content"><p>Law & Economics Workshop organised by Concurrences Review in partnership with Dechert and Charles River Associates.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/emmanuel-combe">Emmanuel Combe</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/koen-platteau">Koen Platteau</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ombline-ancelin">Ombline Ancelin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/philippe-fevrier">Philippe Février</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/competition-in-the-pharmaceutical-sector-what-s-new" rel="bookmark">Competition in the Pharmaceutical Sector — What’s new?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-04-14T10:00:00Z">14 April 2016</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83032 introduction entry-content"><p>Law & Economics Workshop organized by Concurrences Review in partnership with Simmons & Simmons and MAPP.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/adrian-majumdar">Adrian Majumdar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/dirk-van-erps">Dirk Van Erps</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/fiona-carlin">Fiona Carlin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/pharma-antitrust-pay-for-delay-parallel-imports-product-hopping-82966" rel="bookmark">Pharma & Antitrust: Pay for delay, parallel imports, product hopping...</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-06-25T10:00:00Z">25 June 2015</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82966 introduction entry-content"><p>Law & Economics Workshop organized by Concurrences Review in partnership with Baker & McKenzie and RBB Economics.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/adrian-majumdar">Adrian Majumdar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/dirk-van-erps">Dirk Van Erps</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/fiona-carlin">Fiona Carlin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/upcoming-events/pharma-antitrust-pay-for-delay-parallel-imports" rel="bookmark"><strong>Pharma & Antitrust: Pay for delay, parallel imports...</strong></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-05-11T21:54:32Z">11 May 2015</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-73070 introduction entry-content"><p>Dirck Van Erps <br/>Fiona Carlin <br/>Adrian Majumdar <br/>Frédéric Jenny</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/benoit-durand">Benoît Durand</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Eric-Cuziat">Eric Cuziat</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ombline-ancelin">Ombline Ancelin</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/barriers-to-the-development-of-generics" rel="bookmark">Barriers to the development of generics </a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-02-12T11:00:00Z">12 February 2014</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82832 introduction entry-content"><p>Antitrust Procedure Workshop organized by Concurrences in partnership with Simmons & Simmons and RBB economics.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/filip-borkowski">Filip Borkowski</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pierre-regibeau">Pierre Régibeau</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/pay-for-delay-in-europe-which-direction-to-take-82826" rel="bookmark">Pay-for-delay in Europe: Which direction to take? </a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-01-14T11:00:00Z">14 January 2014</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82826 introduction entry-content"><p>Law & Economics workshop organized by Concurrences in partnership with Willkie Farr & Gallagher and Charles River Associates.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/benoit-durand">Benoît Durand</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Eric-Cuziat">Eric Cuziat</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ombline-ancelin">Ombline Ancelin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Sabina-Tsakova">Sabina Tsakova</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/upcoming-events/behaviours-against-generics-development" rel="bookmark">Behaviours against generics’ development</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-01-03T09:29:41Z">3 January 2014</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-62145 introduction entry-content"><p>Henri Piffaut<br/>Éric Cuziat<br/>Ombline Ancelin...</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pierre-regibeau">Pierre Régibeau</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/upcoming-events/pay-for-delay-in-europe-which-direction-to-take" rel="bookmark">Pay-for-delay in Europe: Which direction to take?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-12-05T20:37:02Z">5 December 2013</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-61319 introduction entry-content"><p>Henri Piffaut </br> David Tayar </br> Pierre Régibeau</p></div> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsections_books related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-books"> <span>Books</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <h3 class="">Chapters</h3> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXTRhW9u6jRg7ds2gvo4VQaXnAxPverh/3w7tAimN834Q/0aR5ZcJdLBB/9OYnqLgCf5I9hHWtLiswljL40XiBbuir77CtB3kVI7C2YW1ik44v3zE+V/NnSOKFsd2yWmXgePl1jLyMX7Ke2992VMgaaCFU/yuyM4vhklQAwDd8zOJJSuPNvGP0RW7xvDeAjCFwTyL/YDDk6kxfIT+3thby10Z51fnY47dCLhLiJD6t3Efh6LWu4s7TRIw8okNS6odq+AWvQmA8eAMXmuiCmHsUDvWMI5W3r3D4bftGSqC0iOrnBBWGnb4Mtsdg5MMSHI7DuD9Oj0MMtPa7+E7yJzM+fuDjp127y+mM=' data-origin="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay"> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/richard-j-pierce-jr">Richard J. Pierce Jr.</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/rulemaking-authority-of-the-federal-trade-commission-1121#id=78595" rel="bookmark">Rulemaking Authority of the Federal Trade Commission <small>Can the Federal Trade Commission Use Rulemaking to Change Antitrust Law? </small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-06-26T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">27 </span><span class="m">Jun</span></span><span class="y"> 2022</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">101Rulemaking Authority of the US Federal Trade Commission Can the Federal Trade Commission Use Rulemaking to Change Antitrust Law? Richard J. Pierce, JR. * George Washington University School of Law Abstract Professor Pierce begins by questioning the claim of Chair Lina Khan that the FTC has (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Pradeep-S-Mehta">Pradeep S. Mehta</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ujjwal-kumar">Ujjwal Kumar</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/eleanor-m-fox-liber-amicorum-antitrust-ambassador-to-the-world-879#id=71863" rel="bookmark">Eleanor M. Fox Liber Amicorum - Antitrust Ambassador to the World <small>Competition Policy and Access to Healthcare</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-10-26T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">27 </span><span class="m">Oct</span></span><span class="y"> 2021</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">285Eleanor M. Fox | Antitrust Ambassador to the World - Liber Amicorum Competition Policy and Access to Healthcare Pradeep S. Mehta and Ujjwal Kumar * CUTS International Abstract This focuses on the role of competition policy and law in enhancing access to healthcare, understanding that access (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/carlos-mena-labarthe">Carlos Mena Labarthe</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/antitrust-in-emerging-and-developing-countries-featuring-africa-brazil-china#id=41661" rel="bookmark">Antitrust in Emerging and Developing Countries: Featuring Africa, Brazil, China, India, Mexico - Conference Papers 2nd Edition <small>Implementing Effective Competition Law in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Mexico</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-05-31T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">1 </span><span class="m">Jun</span></span><span class="y"> 2016</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">ANTITRUST IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | 2015 EDITION 85 Implementing Effective Competition Law in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Mexico CARLOS MENA-LABARTHE * cmena@cofece.mx Head of the Investigative Authority Comisión Federal de Competencia Económica Abstract In the case of Mexico, (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/Jorge-Padilla">Jorge Padilla</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Valerie-Meunier">Valerie Meunier</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/ian-forrester-a-scot-without-borders-liber-amicorum-vol-ii-29#id=43212" rel="bookmark">Ian Forrester - A Scot Without Borders Liber Amicorum Vol. II <small>Should reverse payment patent settlements be prohibited per se?</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-11-30T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">1 </span><span class="m">Dec</span></span><span class="y"> 2015</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">271Ian S. Forrester | A Scot without Borders - Liber Amicorum - Volume II Should reverse payment patent settlements be prohibited per se? VALERIE MEUNIER AND JORGE PADILLA * Using the same competition test and counterfactual that has been used in the economic literature that is often cited to (…)</div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_related sticky-top" id="related-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#related-jurisprudence" data-target="#related-jurisprudence">Case Comments</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#related-articles" data-target="#related-articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#related-events" data-target="#related-events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#related-books" data-target="#related-books">Books</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> </section> <div class="index-overlay collapse" id="index"> <span class="arrow-top"></span> <button class="close">×</button> <div class="glossaire-index"> <div class="main"> <div class="index"> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#a" data-anchor="#a">a</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#b" data-anchor="#b">b</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#c" data-anchor="#c">c</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#d" data-anchor="#d">d</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#e" data-anchor="#e">e</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#f" data-anchor="#f">f</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#g" data-anchor="#g">g</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#h" data-anchor="#h">h</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#i" data-anchor="#i">i</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#j" data-anchor="#j">j</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#k" data-anchor="#k">k</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#l" data-anchor="#l">l</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#m" data-anchor="#m">m</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#n" data-anchor="#n">n</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#o" data-anchor="#o">o</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#p" data-anchor="#p">p</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#r" data-anchor="#r">r</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#s" data-anchor="#s">s</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#t" data-anchor="#t">t</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#u" data-anchor="#u">u</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#v" data-anchor="#v">v</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/pay-for-delay#w" data-anchor="#w">w</a> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="a"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">a</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/absolute-territorial-protection">Absolute territorial protection </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en">Abuse of dominant position</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-economic-dependence">Abuse of economic dependence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/access-to-the-file-en">Access to the file</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/actual-competitor">Actual competitor </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/administered-prices">Administered prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/advisory-committee-118302">Advisory committee</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agent-en">Agent</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agreement-notion-en">Agreement (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ai-collusion-algorithm">AI Collusion (Algorithm)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/AKZO-Procedure">AKZO Procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/amicus-curiae">Amicus curiae</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ancillary-restraints">Ancillary restraints </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/annulment">Annulment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-market-distortions">Anticompetitive Market Distortions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-object-or-effect-en">Anticompetitive object or effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-practices">Anticompetitive practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Antitrust">Antitrust</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/applicable-law">Applicable law</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/arbitration">Arbitration</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/article-11-letter">Article 11 letter </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/aec-as-efficient-competitor-principle-and-test">As-Efficient Competitor (AEC)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="b"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">b</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/barriers-to-entry-en">Barriers to entry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bertrand-nash-equilibrium">Bertrand (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bid-rigging">Bid rigging</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/block-exemption-regulation">Block exemption (Regulation) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/boycott">Boycott</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/brand-competition-en">Brand competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bundling">Bundling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/burden-of-proof">Burden of proof</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/buyer-power">Buyer power </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="c"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">c</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/cartel">Cartel </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/clearance-phase-ii-merger">Clearance phase II (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collecting-society">Collecting society </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-dominance">Collective dominance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-redress-class-action">Collective redress (class action)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/comity">Comity </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/commission-communication">Commission communication</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competence">Competence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competition-policy-89181">Competition policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/complaint">Complaint </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Compliance-programme">Compliance programme </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/compulsory-license">Compulsory license</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concentration-indexes-en">Concentration indexes</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concerted-practices-en">Concerted practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concession-86056">Concession</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction">Concurrent jurisdiction</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Consortium-12192">Consortium </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumer-protection">Consumer protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumers-associations-en">Consumers’ associations</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-change">Control (change)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-notion">Control (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cooperation-between-competition-authorities-en">Cooperation between competition authorities</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/coordinated-effects">Coordinated effects</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/copyright">Copyright</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corruption">Corruption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cost-based-access">Cost-based access</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cournot-nash-equilibrium">Cournot (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/criminal-sanctions">Criminal sanctions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cross-subsidisation">Cross subsidisation </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="d"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">d</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/damages">Damages</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/de-minimis-notice">De minimis notice</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/digital-markets-act">Digital Markets Act</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/direct-effect">Direct effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/discriminatory-practices">Discriminatory practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/distribution-agreement">Distribution agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/divestiture">Divestiture</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/dominance-notion">Dominance (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/downstream-market-117440">Downstream market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="e"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">e</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/echr">ECHR</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-analysis">Economic analysis</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-efficiency">Economic efficiency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economies-of-scale">Economies of scale </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ecosystem-failures">Ecosystem Failures</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effect-on-trade-between-member-states">Effect on trade between Member States</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effective-judicial-protection">Effective judicial protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effects-doctrine-118100">Effects doctrine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/efta-surveillance-authority-esa-court">EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/environmental-protection-en">Environmental protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/error-costs-108946">Error costs</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/essential-facility">Essential facility</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/european-competition-network-ecn-en">European Competition Network (ECN)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/excessive-prices-en">Excessive prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exchange-of-information">Exchanges of information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusionary-practice">Exclusionary practice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exclusive-distribution-12218">Exclusive distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-purchasing-en">Exclusive purchasing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-right-art-106-tfeu">Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusivity-clause">Exclusivity clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exhaustion">Exhaustion </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Extra-territoriality">Extra-territoriality</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="f"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">f</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Failing-firm-defence">Failing firm defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fidelity-rebates">Fidelity rebates</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Fine">Fine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fintech">Fintech</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreclosure-117887">Foreclosure</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-direct-investment-fdi">Foreign direct investment (FDI)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-subsidies">Foreign Subsidies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/form-co">Form CO (EU) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/frand">FRAND</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Free-riding">Free riding </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="g"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">g</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/geographic-market">Geographic market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corporate-group">Group of undertakings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/group-purchasing-organization">Group purchasing organization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/guidelines-119080">Guidelines</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/gun-jumping">Gun jumping</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="h"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">h</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/hard-core-restrictions">Hard core restrictions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Hearing-officer">Hearing officer </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/horizontal-agreement">Horizontal cooperation agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/hsr-filing-us-108854">HSR Filing (US)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="i"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">i</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/independence-and-impartiality">Independence and impartiality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/individual-exemption-86377">Individual exemption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/industrial-policy">Industrial policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/intellectual-property-right-en">Intellectual property right</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/inter-brand-competition">Inter-brand competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Interim-measures">Interim measures </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-co-operation">International co-operation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-competition-network-icn">International competition network (ICN) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/investigations-inquiries-en">Investigations / inquiries</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="j"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">j</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/judicial-review">Judicial review</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="k"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">k</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Know-how">Know-how </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="l"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">l</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/legal-privilege">Legal privilege</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Leniency-programme">Leniency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/lerner-index">Lerner index</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/letter-of-formal-notice-118055">Letter of formal notice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/licensing">Licensing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/limitation-period-119083">Limitation Period </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="m"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">m</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/margin-squeeze">Margin squeeze</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/marginal-costs">Marginal costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-economy-investor">Market economy investor</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-power">Market power</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-share">Market share </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/media-pluralism">Media pluralism</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-notion-12318-en">Merger (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-prohibition">Merger (prohibition)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-withdrawal-118046">Merger (withdrawal)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Merger-control-procedure">Merger control procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-remedies-100323">Merger remedies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/minority-shareholdings-89176">Minority shareholdings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/misinformation">Misinformation</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/mobility-barriers-117741">Mobility Barriers</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Monopoly">Monopoly </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="n"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">n</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/ne-bis-in-idem-86490">Ne bis in idem</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/negative-clearance-118047">Negative clearance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Network-effect">Network effect </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-compete-obligation-12156-en">Non-compete obligation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-horizontal-mergers">Non-Horizontal Mergers </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/notification-12310">Notification</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/nullity">Nullity </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="o"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">o</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/oligopoly">Oligopoly </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/online-platforms">Online Platforms</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="p"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">p</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/parallel-imports-parallel-trade-en">Parallel imports (parallel trade)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/passing-on-en">Passing-on</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Passive-sales">Passive sales </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/patents">Patents</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/pay-for-delay">Pay-for-delay</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/periodic-penalty-payment">Periodic penalty payment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/potential-competition">Potential competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/predatory-pricing">Predatory pricing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/preliminary-rulings-art-267-tfue">Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-discrimination-en">Price discrimination </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-leadership">Price leadership</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-signaling">Price signalling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-fixing-agreement">Price-fixing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/prices-en">Prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equal-treatment">Principle of equal treatment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equivalence">Principle of equivalence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-proportionality">Principle of proportionality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privacy-and-data-protection">Privacy and data protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/private-enforcement">Private enforcement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privatization-en">Privatization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/procedural-autonomy">Procedural autonomy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/professional-association-86373-en">Professional association</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/public-procurement">Public procurement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Public-undertaking">Public undertaking</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="r"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">r</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/r-d-agreement">R&D agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/case-referral-system-mergers">Referral (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/refusal-to-deal">Refusal to deal</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/the-registry-of-the-general-court-of-the-european-union">Registry of the General Court of the European Union</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Relevant-market">Relevant market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/remedies-antitrust-en">Remedies (antitrust)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/request-for-information">Request for information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-below-cost-en">Resale below cost </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-price-maintenance-rpm">Resale price maintenance (RPM)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/restriction-on-exportation">Restriction on exportation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/rule-of-reason">Rule of reason</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="s"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">s</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/sunk-costs-117836"> Sunk Costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sector-inquiry">Sector inquiry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/selective-distribution">Selective distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/self-preference-111802">Self-Preference</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Services-of-general-economic">Services of general economic interest </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Single-branding">Single branding </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sole-control">Sole control</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/specialization-agreements">Specialization agreements </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Spill-over-effects">Spill-over effects </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/standard-essential-patent-sep">Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-action-defense">State action defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-compatibility">State aid (compatibility)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-existing-aid">State aid (existing aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-notification-en">State aid (notification)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid">State aid (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery">State aid (recovery) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-unlawful-aid">State aid (unlawful aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/State-measure">State measure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Statement-of-objections-SO">Statement of objections (SO) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Substitutability">Substitutability </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sustainability">Sustainability</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/switching-costs">Switching Costs</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="t"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">t</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/technology-transfer">Technology transfer</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/test-siec-merger-en">Test SIEC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-slc-src-sdc-tests">Test SLC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/tipping">Tipping</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/business-secrets">Trade Secrets</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trademark">Trademark</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trustee-mergers-en">Trustee (mergers)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/turnover-threshold-merger">Turnover threshold (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/two-sided-market">Two-sided market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="u"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">u</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/undertaking-notion">Undertaking (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/unfair-competition">Unfair competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/universal-service-118054">Universal Service</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/upstream-market">Upstream market </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="v"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">v</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/variable-costs">Variable costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Vertical-agreement">Vertical agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/vertical-restraints-or-restrictions">Vertical restraints (or restrictions)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="w"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">w</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/White-clause">White clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/withdrawal-of-the-benefit-of-a-block-exemption">Withdrawal (of the benefit of a block exemption)</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ // hack on appelle 1 scrollspy sur body et 1 sur window pour pas les melanger jQuery(window).scrollspy({ target: '#menu-definition', offset: 130 }); jQuery('body').scrollspy({ target: '#definition-index', offset: 130 }); jQuery(document).scrollspy({ target: '#related-index', offset: 130 }); // Affichage de l'index var $btn_index = jQuery('[data-target="#index"]'); var $index = jQuery('#index'); $btn_index.on('click', function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); var me = jQuery(this); if (me.is('.collapsed')) { $btn_index.removeClass('in'); me.addClass('in'); var $container = $index.closest('.relative-content'); var y = me.offset().top - $container.offset().top + me.outerHeight(); var picto = me.find('.picto-round'); if (!picto.length) { picto = me; } var h = jQuery(window).height() - ($container.offset().top + y - jQuery(window).scrollTop()) - 25; y = Math.round(y); h = Math.round(h); $index.css({top:y+'px',maxHeight:h+'px'}); var x = picto.offset().left - $container.offset().left + picto.outerWidth() / 2 + 20; $index.find('.arrow-top').css({left:x+'px'}); me.removeClass('collapsed'); $index.collapse('show'); jQuery('body').addClass('index-visible'); } else { $index.collapse('hide'); } return false; }) $index.on('shown.bs.collapse', function() { // console.log('shown.bs.collapse'); }); $index.on('hidden.bs.collapse', function() { // console.log('hidden.bs.collapse'); $btn_index.addClass('collapsed'); jQuery('body').removeClass('index-visible') }); $index.find('.close').on('click', function() { $index.collapse('hide'); }); $index.on('click', 'a.lettre', function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); var anchor = jQuery(this).data('anchor'); jQuery('.glossaire-index', $index).scrollTo(anchor, {duration: 500,axis: 'y'}); return false; }).find('a.lettre').off('click'); // Menu général sticky // var topHeight = 50; // jQuery('.menu-glossaire-wrapper').each(function() { // var me = jQuery(this); // var offset = me.offset(); // me.affix({offset: {top:offset.top - topHeight}}); // topHeight += 50; // }); // Scroll auto vers ancre if (window.location.hash) { // console.log('ScrollTo '+window.location.hash); // setTimeout(function(){jQuery('[data-target="'+window.location.hash+'"]').click()},200); } }); </script> </main> <aside class="aside secondary" id="aside"> </aside> <aside class="extra secondary" id="extra"> </aside> </div> </div> <footer class="banner-bottom" id="banner-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="banners clearfix format-full position-bas" data-interval="5000"> <div class="banners-inner" role="listbox" style="padding-bottom: 5.33%"> <div class="item active"> <a href="https://www.filigranes.be/philippe-emmanuel-partsch-les-5-travaux-d-europe-une-europe-qui-nous-fera-grandir"><picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c1198031097 png" style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> <source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270223 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266213 1280w, local/adapt-img/960/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266636 1920w, local/adapt-img/1440/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266532 2880w, local/adapt-img/3000/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732267095 6000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732271479 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732270472 1280w, local/adapt-img/960/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272649 1920w, local/adapt-img/1440/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732270251 2880w, local/adapt-img/3000/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277555 6000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732277529 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270976 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266622 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732268300 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277558 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277174 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277555 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272968 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274035 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1), (min-resolution: 1dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a href="https://www.filigranes.be/philippe-emmanuel-partsch-les-5-travaux-d-europe-une-europe-qui-nous-fera-grandir"><picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c1198031097 png" style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> <source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270223 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266213 1280w, local/adapt-img/960/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266636 1920w, local/adapt-img/1440/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266532 2880w, local/adapt-img/3000/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732267095 6000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732271479 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732270472 1280w, local/adapt-img/960/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272649 1920w, local/adapt-img/1440/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732270251 2880w, local/adapt-img/3000/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277555 6000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732277529 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270976 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266622 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732268300 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277558 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277174 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277555 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272968 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274035 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1), (min-resolution: 1dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a href="https://www.filigranes.be/philippe-emmanuel-partsch-les-5-travaux-d-europe-une-europe-qui-nous-fera-grandir"><picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c1198031097 png" style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> <source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270223 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266213 1280w, local/adapt-img/960/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266636 1920w, local/adapt-img/1440/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266532 2880w, local/adapt-img/3000/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732267095 6000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732271479 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732270472 1280w, local/adapt-img/960/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272649 1920w, local/adapt-img/1440/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732270251 2880w, local/adapt-img/3000/20x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277555 6000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732277529 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270976 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266622 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732268300 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277558 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277174 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277555 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272968 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274035 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1), (min-resolution: 1dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <footer class="footer" id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="adresse small"> <img src='squelettes/img/logo/concurrences-crop.svg?1704296160' alt='Concurrences' class='logo-concurrences' width='1680' height='408' /> <img src='squelettes/img/logo/20ans/20ans-crop.svg?1704296160' alt='Concurrences' class='logo-20ans' width='617' height='439' /> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-8"> <div class="adresse small"> <p>19 avenue Jean Aicard<br class='autobr' /> 75011 Paris, France </p> <p>106 West 32nd Street, Suite 149<br class='autobr' /> New York, NY, 10001, USA </p> <p>Camden Gateway, 349 Royal College St,<br class='autobr' /> London NW1 9QS, UK </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-2 col-xs-3 col-sm-offset-1"> <div class="menu small"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul class="menu-liste menu-items nav nav-list"> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/bulletin/" class="menu-items__lien">Bulletin</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/review/" class="menu-items__lien">Review</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/events/" class="menu-items__lien">Events</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique"> <a href="en/all-books/" class="menu-items__lien">Books</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="col-sm-6"><ul class="menu-liste menu-items nav nav-list"> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_badge on active"> <a href="en/dictionary/" class="menu-items__lien">Dictionary <small>Free</small></a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/podcasts" class="menu-items__lien">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_lien"> <a href="https://awards.concurrences.com" class="menu-items__lien">Awards</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item-primary"> <a href="en/abonnements/" class="menu-items__lien">Subscriptions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-6 col-sm-offset-1"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6 w450"> <div class="links small"> <ul class="menu-liste menu-items nav" data-depth="0"> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_page-speciale plan"> <a href="en/page/sitemap/" class="menu-items__lien">Site map</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/institute" class="menu-items__lien">Concurrences</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/terms-of-use-63" class="menu-items__lien">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/terms-of-sale" class="menu-items__lien">Terms of Sale</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/write-for-concurrences-review" class="menu-items__lien">Publish</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 w450"> <div class="tools small"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="en/page/subscriptions/"><i class="picto picto-footer-abonnements"></i> Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="en/page/contact/" class="popin"><i class="picto picto-footer-contact"></i> Contact</a></li> <li> <a href="en/page/subscribe/"><i class="picto picto-footer-newsletter"></i> Newsletter</a> </li> <li><a href="https://calendly.com/concurrences/30min" rel="external" target="blank">Request a demo</a></li> </ul> <span class="social social_links"> <a class="social__icon social__icon_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/CompetitionLaws" title="Visit our Twitter page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_twitter-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Twitter (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/institute-of-competition-law-icl-institut-de-droit-de-la-concurrence-idc-" title="Visit our Linkedin page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_linkedin-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Linkedin (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/concurrences.review/" title="Visit our Facebook page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_facebook-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Facebook (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/concurrences_review/" title="Visit our Instagram page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_instagram-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Instagram (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ConcurrencesReview" title="Visit our Youtube page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_youtube-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Youtube (opens a new window)</span> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var w=window,d=document,r="",g=d.createElement('script'),s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; try{r=w.top.document.referrer}catch(Y){if(w.parent){try{r=w.parent.document.referrer}catch(X){r=""}}}if(r===""){r=d.referrer} g.type='text/javascript';g.defer=true;g.async=true;g.src="//www.concurrences.com/spip.php?action=statsjs&c=YToyOntzOjExOiJpZF9ydWJyaXF1ZSI7czozOiIxNjEiO3M6MTA6ImlkX2FydGljbGUiO3M6NToiODg4NTciO30="+"&r="+btoa(r);s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script></body></html>