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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cameo_subjects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Cameo subjects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cameo_subjects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_historic_cameos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_historic_cameos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Notable historic cameos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_historic_cameos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_cameos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_cameos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern cameos</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_cameos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern cameos subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_cameos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ultrasonic_machine_carved_cameos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ultrasonic_machine_carved_cameos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ultrasonic machine carved cameos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ultrasonic_machine_carved_cameos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hand-worked_portrait_cameos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hand-worked_portrait_cameos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hand-worked portrait cameos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hand-worked_portrait_cameos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shell_cameos_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shell_cameos_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Shell cameos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shell_cameos_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_carvers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_carvers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable carvers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_carvers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cameo (carving)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camaf%C3%A9u" title="Camaféu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Camaféu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Камея – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Камея – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Камея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camafeu" title="Camafeu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Camafeu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamej" title="Kamej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kamej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kam%C3%A9" title="Kamé – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kamé" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamee" title="Kamee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kamee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camafeo" title="Camafeo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Camafeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameo" title="Kameo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kameo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameu" title="Kameu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kameu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A6%D9%88_(%D8%AD%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C)" title="کامئو (حکاکی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کامئو (حکاکی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam%C3%A9e" title="Camée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Camée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caimeo" title="Caimeo – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caimeo" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A9%94%EC%98%A4_(%EC%9E%A5%EC%8B%A0%EA%B5%AC)" title="카메오 (장신구) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카메오 (장신구)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameja" title="Kameja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kameja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameo" title="Kameo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kameo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameo_(ukiran)" title="Kameo (ukiran) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kameo (ukiran)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cammeo" title="Cammeo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cammeo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Камея – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Камея" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camaeus" title="Camaeus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Camaeus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gema" title="Gema – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemma_(%C3%A9kk%C5%91)" title="Gemma (ékkő) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gemma (ékkő)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကမီယိုပန်းပြောက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမီယိုပန်းပြောက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camee" title="Camee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Camee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AA" title="カメオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カメオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kam%C3%A9" title="Kamé – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kamé" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kam%C3%A9" title="Kamé – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kamé" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamea" title="Kamea – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kamea" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camafeu" title="Camafeu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Camafeu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camee" title="Camee – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Camee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Камея – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cameo (carving)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamea" title="Kamea – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kamea" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameja" title="Kameja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kameja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameja" title="Kameja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kameja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamee" title="Kamee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kamee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kam%C3%A9" title="Kamé – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kamé" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Камея – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Камея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%BD%A9%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%AE%E9%9B%95" title="多彩宝石浮雕 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多彩宝石浮雕" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28512#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Method of carving</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Cameo_of_France_CdM_Paris_Bab264_n1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Great_Cameo_of_France_CdM_Paris_Bab264_n1.jpg/250px-Great_Cameo_of_France_CdM_Paris_Bab264_n1.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Great_Cameo_of_France_CdM_Paris_Bab264_n1.jpg/500px-Great_Cameo_of_France_CdM_Paris_Bab264_n1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2450" data-file-height="2650" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Cameo_of_France" title="Great Cameo of France">Great Cameo of France</a>, five layers <a href="/wiki/Sardonyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardonyx">sardonyx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, c. 23 AD, the largest of Antiquity</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adlerkameo_KHM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Adlerkameo_KHM.jpg/250px-Adlerkameo_KHM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Adlerkameo_KHM.jpg/330px-Adlerkameo_KHM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Adlerkameo_KHM.jpg/500px-Adlerkameo_KHM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="2326" /></a><figcaption>Eagle Cameo, Roman 27 B.C. Two-layered onyx.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cameo_August_BM_Gem3577.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cameo_August_BM_Gem3577.jpg/250px-Cameo_August_BM_Gem3577.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cameo_August_BM_Gem3577.jpg/330px-Cameo_August_BM_Gem3577.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cameo_August_BM_Gem3577.jpg/500px-Cameo_August_BM_Gem3577.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Cameo of Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> wearing a <a href="/wiki/Gorgoneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgoneion">gorgoneion</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Sword_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword belt">sword-belt</a>. Three-layered sardonyx cameo, Roman artwork, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 14</span>–20 AD.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cameo</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a method of <a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">carving</a> an object such as an <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">engraved gem</a>, item of <a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">jewellery</a> or vessel. It nearly always features a raised (positive) <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a> image; contrast with <a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(jewellery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intaglio (jewellery)">intaglio</a>, which has a negative image.<sup id="cite_ref-tait216_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tait216-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, and still in discussing historical work, cameo only referred to works where the relief image was of a contrasting colour to the background; this was achieved by carefully carving a piece of material with a flat plane where two contrasting colours met, removing all the first colour except for the image to leave a contrasting background. </p><p>A variation of a carved cameo is a cameo incrustation (or sulphide). An artist, usually an engraver, carves a small portrait, then makes a cast from the carving, from which a ceramic type cameo is produced. This is then encased in a glass object, often a paperweight. These are very difficult to make but were popular from the late 18th century through the end of the 19th century. Originating in <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, the finest examples were made by the French glassworks in the early to mid-nineteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today the term may be used very loosely for objects with no colour contrast, and other, metaphorical, terms have developed, such as <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">cameo appearance</a>. This derives from another generalized meaning that has developed, the cameo as an image of a head in an <a href="/wiki/Oval" title="Oval">oval</a> frame in any medium, such as a photograph. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technique">Technique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ancient and Renaissance cameos were made from semi-precious <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially the various types of <a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">onyx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agate</a>, and any other stones with a flat plane where two contrasting colours meet; these are "hardstone" cameos. In cheaper modern work, <a href="/wiki/Mollusc_shell" title="Mollusc shell">shell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a> are more common. <a href="/wiki/Cameo_glass" title="Cameo glass">Glass cameo</a> vessels, such as the famous <a href="/wiki/Portland_Vase" title="Portland Vase">Portland Vase</a>, were also developed by the Romans. </p><p>Modern cameos can be produced by setting a carved relief, such as a portrait, onto a background of a contrasting colour. This is called an assembled cameo. Alternatively, a cameo can be carved by the traditional, but far more difficult, method directly out of a material with integral layers or banding, such as (banded) <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agate</a> or layered glass, where different layers have different colours. </p><p>Sometimes dyes are used to enhance these colours. </p><p>While traditional cameos were commonly crafted from onyx and agate, artisans have explored diverse materials over time. Rare examples include ancient cameos cut from precious stones like emeralds, lapis lazuli, and even unusual mediums such as ostrich eggshells, which produce a striking two-tone effect.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">Engraved gem</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman-era_perfume_bottle_made_of_cameo_glass_showing_homoerotic_scene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Roman-era_perfume_bottle_made_of_cameo_glass_showing_homoerotic_scene.jpg/220px-Roman-era_perfume_bottle_made_of_cameo_glass_showing_homoerotic_scene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Roman-era_perfume_bottle_made_of_cameo_glass_showing_homoerotic_scene.jpg/330px-Roman-era_perfume_bottle_made_of_cameo_glass_showing_homoerotic_scene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Roman-era_perfume_bottle_made_of_cameo_glass_showing_homoerotic_scene.jpg/440px-Roman-era_perfume_bottle_made_of_cameo_glass_showing_homoerotic_scene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Perfume bottle made of cameo glass found in the Roman <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a> of Ostippo (Spain). On side B shown above, two males are on a bed in an erotic scene. Side A of the bottle, not shown, shows a female and a male in an erotic scene. 25 BCE – 14 CE</figcaption></figure> <p>Sir <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Budge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallis Budge">Wallis Budge</a> alleged that the noun <i>cameo</i> apparently comes from <span title="undetermined-language text"><i lang="und">kame'o</i></span>, a word used in kabbalistic slang to signify a 'magical square', i.e. a kind of talisman whereupon magical spells were carved.<sup id="cite_ref-E._A._Wallis_Budge,_Amulets_and_Talismans,_University_Book,_Inc.,_1968_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E._A._Wallis_Budge,_Amulets_and_Talismans,_University_Book,_Inc.,_1968-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cameos are often worn as <a href="/wiki/Jewelry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewelry">jewelry</a>, but in ancient times were mainly used for <a href="/wiki/Signet_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Signet ring">signet rings</a> and large earrings, although the largest examples were probably too large for this, and were just admired as <a href="/wiki/Objets_d%27art" class="mw-redirect" title="Objets d'art">objets d'art</a>. Stone cameos of great artistry were made in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> dating back as far as the 5th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Farnese_Tazza" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnese Tazza">Farnese Tazza</a> (a cup) is the oldest major <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> piece surviving. They were very popular in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, especially in the family circle of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. The most famous stone "state cameos" from this period are the <a href="/wiki/Gemma_Augustea" title="Gemma Augustea">Gemma Augustea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gemma_Claudia" title="Gemma Claudia">Gemma Claudia</a> made for the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, and the largest flat engraved gem known from antiquity, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Cameo_of_France" title="Great Cameo of France">Great Cameo of France</a>. Roman cameos became less common around in the years leading up to 300<span class="nowrap"> </span>AD, although production continued at a much reduced rate right through the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-tait219_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tait219-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The technique has since enjoyed periodic revivals, notably in the early <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, and again in the 18th and 19th centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassical</a> revival began in France with <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s support of the glyptic arts, and even his coronation crown was decorated with cameos. </p><p>Napoleon admired the exquisite craftsmanship of ancient cameos and saw them as emblems of France’s connection to Roman grandeur. He established a school in Paris for cameo making, bringing Sicilian artisans to train young French craftsmen in the glyptic arts, resulting in some of the most innovative cameo work of the period.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Britain, this revival first occurred during King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>'s reign, and his granddaughter, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, was a major proponent of the cameo trend, to the extent that they would become mass-produced by the second half of the 19th century. After the death of her husband, Queen Victoria commissioned bejeweled cameos in onyx with portraits of herself and Prince Albert, which she gifted to members of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The visual art form of the cameo has even inspired at least one writer of more recent times, the 19th-century Russian poet <a href="/wiki/Lev_Mei" title="Lev Mei">Lev Mei</a>, who composed a cycle of six poems entitled <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru">Камеи</i></span> (<i>Cameos</i>, 1861), as reflections on each of the Roman rulers from <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>. In 1852 <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Théophile Gautier</a> titled a collection of his highly polished, lapidary poems <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Emaux et Camées</i></span> (<i>Enamels and Cameos</i>). </p><p>Historical patrons of cameo art included influential collectors like the Earl of Bessborough, who began an extensive collection in the 18th century, later acquired by the Duke of Marlborough. Edward Good’s renowned collection, housed at 'Cameo Corner' in London, also contributed significantly to the appreciation of cameo craftsmanship, with notable pieces now residing in the British Museum and Sir John Soane's Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Victorian era, there was a marked revival of shell cameos, particularly made from conch and helmet shells. These Victorian cameos were admired for their delicate softness and intricate carvings, which often depicted mythological figures, famous individuals, or symbolic themes. This era's cameos were softer and had a unique texture compared to the more rigid materials used in earlier periods, making them highly prized by collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Victorian era popularized large shell cameos, these were often set in bright gold frames that, though eye-catching, sometimes overshadowed the intricate carvings. Wealthier patrons favored gold or silver settings, while the more affordable Pinchbeck frames enabled the middle class to partake in this popular trend.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_glass_cameos">Roman glass cameos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roman glass cameos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Roman_glass" title="Roman glass">Roman period</a> the cameo technique was used on <a href="/wiki/Glass_blank" title="Glass blank">glass blanks</a>, in imitation of objects being produced in agate or sardonyx. <a href="/wiki/Cameo_glass" title="Cameo glass">Cameo glass</a> objects were produced in two periods; between around 25 BC and 50/60 AD, and in the later Empire around the mid-third and mid-fourth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitehouse,_D._1991_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitehouse,_D._1991-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roman glass cameos are rare objects, with only around two hundred fragments and sixteen complete pieces known,<sup id="cite_ref-Whitehouse,_D._1991_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitehouse,_D._1991-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only one of which dates from the later period.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the early period they usually consisted of a blue glass base with a white overlying layer,<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming,_S.J._1999_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming,_S.J._1999-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but those made during the later period usually have a colourless background covered with a translucent coloured layer.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blanks could be produced by fusing two separately cast sheets of glass, or by dipping the base glass into a crucible of molten overlay glass during <a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">blowing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming,_S.J._1999_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming,_S.J._1999-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most famous example of a cameo from the early period is the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Vase" title="Portland Vase">Portland Vase</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary-Margaret-Bartelme-Bain.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Head and shoulders of a serious and dignified woman in her forties, with dark hair up and in a dress with high lace collar and a cameo at her throat, Edwardian style" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mary-Margaret-Bartelme-Bain.jpeg/220px-Mary-Margaret-Bartelme-Bain.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mary-Margaret-Bartelme-Bain.jpeg/330px-Mary-Margaret-Bartelme-Bain.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mary-Margaret-Bartelme-Bain.jpeg/440px-Mary-Margaret-Bartelme-Bain.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2776" data-file-height="4008" /></a><figcaption>Woman wearing a cameo at her throat, on a high lace collar in the Edwardian style</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shell_cameos">Shell cameos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shell cameos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although occasionally used in Roman cameos, the earliest prevalent use of shell for cameo carving was during the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, in the 15th and 16th centuries. Before that time, cameos were carved from hardstone. The Renaissance cameos are typically white on a grayish background and were carved from the shell of a <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussel</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cowry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowry">cowry</a>, the latter a tropical mollusk. </p><p>In the mid 18th century, explorations revealed new shell varieties. Helmet shells (<i><a href="/wiki/Cassis_tuberosa" title="Cassis tuberosa">Cassis tuberosa</a></i>) from the West Indies, and queen conch shells (<i><a href="/wiki/Eustrombus_gigas" class="mw-redirect" title="Eustrombus gigas">Eustrombus gigas</a></i>) from <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a> and West Indies, arrived in Europe. This sparked a big increase in the number of cameos that were carved from shells. Conch shells carve very well, but their color fades over time. </p><p>After 1850 demand for cameos grew, as they became popular souvenirs of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a> among the middle class.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cameo_subjects">Cameo subjects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cameo subjects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Classically the designs carved onto cameo stones were either scenes of Greek or Roman mythology or portraits of rulers or important dignitaries. In history, agate portrait cameos were often gifts from royalty to their subjects. These antique cameos, some more than 2000 years old, are either displayed in museums or are in private collections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_historic_cameos">Notable historic cameos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable historic cameos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II,_III_sec._ac._(alessandria),_da_hermitage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg/200px-Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg/300px-Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg/400px-Cammeo_gonzaga_con_doppio_ritratto_di_tolomeo_II_e_arsinoe_II%2C_III_sec._ac._%28alessandria%29%2C_da_hermitage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2156" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_Cameo" title="Gonzaga Cameo">Gonzaga Cameo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>. The gem measures 15,7 x 11,8 cm.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Augustea" title="Gemma Augustea">Gemma Augustea</a> Cameo – Roman, after 10 AD. Two-layered onyx.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tazza_Farnese" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazza Farnese">Tazza Farnese</a>". An ancient <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> bowl made of a very large cameo and purchased by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de%27_Medici" title="Lorenzo de' Medici">Lorenzo de' Medici</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_of_the_Ptolemies" title="Cup of the Ptolemies">Cup of the Ptolemies</a>, a large Roman or Hellenistic vessel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Vase" title="Portland Vase">Portland Vase</a>, the best known piece of cameo glass.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cameo_of_France" title="Great Cameo of France">Great Cameo of France</a> – Roman, c. 23 AD. Sardonyx.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Claudia" title="Gemma Claudia">Gemma Claudia</a> Cameo – Roman, 49 AD. Five-layered onyx.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Herophiloska Cameo – Roman, 14 to 37 AD. This portrait of a man with laurel wreath is probably of Emperor Tiberius. The work is signed <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Herophilos Dioskourid[ou]</i></span> ('Herophilus, son of Dioscorides'). The colour of the glass was intended by the artist to imitate turquoise.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_Cameo" title="Gonzaga Cameo">Gonzaga Cameo</a>": Ptolemy II and Arsinoë II. Sardonyx. 3rd century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrippina_the_Elder" title="Agrippina the Elder">Agrippina the Elder</a> Cameo. Carved in Italy in the period of 37–41 AD. The carving is a three layer agate.</li> <li>Ptolemaic double cameo — Hellenistic, 278–270/269 BC. Eleven-layered onyx.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacas_Cameo" title="Blacas Cameo">Blacas Cameo</a>: Roman, about 20–50 AD. This head of Augustus was carved from a four-layered sardonyx. It is a fragment of a larger portrait of the Roman emperor-Augustus.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"The head of Flora Cameo" – <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Pistrucci" title="Benedetto Pistrucci">Benedetto Pistrucci</a>. 1812 AD. In this cameo the top red-brown layer has been carved into roses. The face is carved from the white layer. The collector <a href="/wiki/Richard_Payne_Knight" title="Richard Payne Knight">Richard Payne Knight</a> purchased the Flora cameo from an Italian dealer, believing it to be Roman. The Italian carver Pistrucci claimed to have carved it himself. Payne challenged Pistrucci to carve a copy to prove his claim. The ensuing publicity earned Pistrucci several commissions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen_onyx" title="Schaffhausen onyx">Schaffhausen onyx</a> – Roman, Augustan-era, depicting <a href="/wiki/Pax_(goddess)" title="Pax (goddess)">Pax Augusta</a> or <a href="/wiki/Felicitas" title="Felicitas">Felicitas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_cameos">Modern cameos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern cameos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Agate_portrait_cameo_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Agate_portrait_cameo_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>A modern hand-carved portrait cameo of white on blue-layered agate, set in 18 kt white gold</figcaption></figure> <p>Many modern cameos are carved into layered agates. The layers are dyed to create strong color contrasts. The most usual colors used for two-layer stones are white on black, white on blue, and white on red-brown. Three-layer stones are sometimes made. The colors are usually black on white on black. The layers are translucent; this allows the artist to create shading effects by removing material to allow the background layer to show through. This way a very realistic, lifelike quality to a figure can be achieved. For example, thinning the top black layer on a three-layer stone changes its color to shades of brown. Removing material from the white layer creates shades of blue or grey, depending on the color of the base. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ultrasonic_machine_carved_cameos">Ultrasonic machine carved cameos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ultrasonic machine carved cameos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of modern agate cameos are carved with the aid of the ultrasonic mill. This is a process where multiple copies of a master design can be produced very quickly by pressing a master die onto the agate cameo blank. A film of diamond slurry is used to aid cutting and the die vibrates ultrasonically in a vertical motion. The master is often hand carved by a skilled cameo artist. The result is a cameo that has a satin surface texture described as "freshly fallen snow" (FFS) by Anna Miller.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This texture and the lack of any undercutting are used by appraisers as markers to prove that the cameo is machine-made. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hand-worked_portrait_cameos">Hand-worked portrait cameos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hand-worked portrait cameos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These cameos are carved by hand, usually working from photographs of the subject. The fact that there is usually only one copy made means that the tooling costs involved rule out the ultrasonic carving process. </p><p>There are very few people working in this field, as this is one of the hardest challenges for any gemstone carver. The combination of a highly developed artistic ability, craft skill and many years of experience are needed to be able to create lifelike portraits. </p><p>It is quite rare, these days, for subjects other than portraits to be carved by hand as agate cameos. The traditional themes of classical scenes from mythology or a standard image of a young lady, are more likely to be made with the help of the ultrasonic carving machine as a limited collection of typically 50–200 pieces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shell_cameos_2">Shell cameos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Shell cameos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cypraea_tigris_carved.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cypraea_tigris_carved.jpg/220px-Cypraea_tigris_carved.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cypraea_tigris_carved.jpg/330px-Cypraea_tigris_carved.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cypraea_tigris_carved.jpg/440px-Cypraea_tigris_carved.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A cameo carved into the dorsum of a shell of the tiger cowry, <i><a href="/wiki/Cypraea_tigris" title="Cypraea tigris">Cypraea tigris</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Since the late 19th century, the species most used in good-quality cameos has been <i><a href="/wiki/Cypraecassis_rufa" title="Cypraecassis rufa">Cypraecassis rufa</a></i>, the bullmouth helmet, the shell of which can be up to 6 inches long. In this species, the upper shell layer is whitish, and the lower shell layer is a rich orange-brown. Modern sources for this shell are <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. The finest hand-carving of these shells takes place in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. </p><p>The most highly prized shell for carving is the emperor or queen's helmet shell, <i><a href="/wiki/Cassis_madagascariensis" title="Cassis madagascariensis">Cassis madagascariensis</a></i>. This shell has white and dark brown layers and is known as sardonyx shell, and looks similar to the layered agate known as sardonyx. This shell is found in the waters of the Caribbean. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cameo_of_Sardinian_conch,_Ascione_e_Antonio_Mennella_1925,_Museo_Ascione.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cameo_of_Sardinian_conch%2C_Ascione_e_Antonio_Mennella_1925%2C_Museo_Ascione.jpg/200px-Cameo_of_Sardinian_conch%2C_Ascione_e_Antonio_Mennella_1925%2C_Museo_Ascione.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cameo_of_Sardinian_conch%2C_Ascione_e_Antonio_Mennella_1925%2C_Museo_Ascione.jpg/300px-Cameo_of_Sardinian_conch%2C_Ascione_e_Antonio_Mennella_1925%2C_Museo_Ascione.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cameo_of_Sardinian_conch%2C_Ascione_e_Antonio_Mennella_1925%2C_Museo_Ascione.jpg/400px-Cameo_of_Sardinian_conch%2C_Ascione_e_Antonio_Mennella_1925%2C_Museo_Ascione.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Cameo carved on <a href="/wiki/Cassis_madagascariensis" title="Cassis madagascariensis">Cassis madagascariensis</a> by Ascione manufacture, 1925, Naples, <a href="/wiki/Coral_and_Cameo_Jewellery_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral and Cameo Jewellery Museum">Coral and Cameo Jewellery Museum</a> Ascione </figcaption></figure> <p>The world center for cameo carving in shell is <a href="/wiki/Torre_del_Greco" title="Torre del Greco">Torre del Greco</a>, Italy. The shells are first marked with a series of ovals in a process called signing, then cut into oval blanks for the cameo carver. The actual cameo is mainly cut with a metal scraping tool called a <i>bulino,</i> an invention of Jewish artisan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Cimeniello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Cimeniello (page does not exist)">Antonio Cimeniello</a>. A number of metal gravers are used: flat-faced, round and three-cornered. To speed production, grinding wheels are used to quickly remove excess material. When the details are completed, the shell is then soaked in olive oil, cleaned with soap and water and selectively polished with a hand brush. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_carvers">Notable carvers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable carvers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Giovanni Noto (1902–1985)-Torre del Greco, Italy</li> <li>Tommaso Saulini (1793–1864)-Rome, Italy</li> <li>Luigi Saulini (1819–1883)-Rome, Italy, (son of Tommaso)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lothair" title="Cross of Lothair">Cross of Lothair</a> contains in its center the three-layered cameo of the Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasperware" title="Jasperware">Jasperware</a> - popular ceramic imitation of cameos</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tait216-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tait216_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTait2006" class="citation book cs1">Tait, Hugh, ed. (2006). <i>7000 Years of Jewellery</i>. British Museum Press. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-5032-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-5032-1"><bdi>978-0-7141-5032-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=7000+Years+of+Jewellery&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7141-5032-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunlop, Paul H., <i>The Jokelson Collection of Cameo Incrustation</i>, Papier Presse (1991) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9619547-3-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9619547-3-6">0-9619547-3-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris2006-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris2006_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTing_Morris2006" class="citation book cs1">Ting Morris (1 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ol0rKdr-3UC&pg=PA26"><i>Arts and Crafts of Ancient Rome</i></a>. Black Rabbit Books. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58340-913-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58340-913-8"><bdi>978-1-58340-913-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arts+and+Crafts+of+Ancient+Rome&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Black+Rabbit+Books&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-58340-913-8&rft.au=Ting+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ol0rKdr-3UC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3314923&seq=271&q1=cameos">"Antique jewelry and trinkets"</a>. <i>HathiTrust</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HathiTrust&rft.atitle=Antique+jewelry+and+trinkets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b3314923%26seq%3D271%26q1%3Dcameos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-E._A._Wallis_Budge,_Amulets_and_Talismans,_University_Book,_Inc.,_1968-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-E._A._Wallis_Budge,_Amulets_and_Talismans,_University_Book,_Inc.,_1968_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. A. Wallis Budge, Amulets and Talismans, University Book, Inc., 1968, page 390-393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/came/hd_came.htm">"Cameo Appearances"</a>. <i>Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023004241/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/came/hd_came.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heilbrunn+Timeline+of+Art+History&rft.atitle=Cameo+Appearances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fcame%2Fhd_came.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tait219-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tait219_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTait2006" class="citation book cs1">Tait, Hugh, ed. (2006). <i>7000 Years of Jewellery</i>. British Museum Press. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-5032-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-5032-1"><bdi>978-0-7141-5032-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=7000+Years+of+Jewellery&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7141-5032-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsfantiquejewelry.com/blogs/time-blog/cameo-jewelry-and-history-of-cameos?srsltid=AfmBOor3XUuwNtoZ4ODhkPxbkT6s8eBUTT2EkvFlvnkwmphwzUl2fmG_">"Cameo Jewelry and History of Cameos"</a>. <i>DSF Antique Jewelry</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DSF+Antique+Jewelry&rft.atitle=Cameo+Jewelry+and+History+of+Cameos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsfantiquejewelry.com%2Fblogs%2Ftime-blog%2Fcameo-jewelry-and-history-of-cameos%3Fsrsltid%3DAfmBOor3XUuwNtoZ4ODhkPxbkT6s8eBUTT2EkvFlvnkwmphwzUl2fmG_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3314923&seq=278&q1=cameos">"Antique jewelry and trinkets"</a>. <i>HathiTrust</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HathiTrust&rft.atitle=Antique+jewelry+and+trinkets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b3314923%26seq%3D278%26q1%3Dcameos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3314923&seq=269&q1=cameo">"Antique jewelry and trinkets"</a>. <i>HathiTrust</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HathiTrust&rft.atitle=Antique+jewelry+and+trinkets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b3314923%26seq%3D269%26q1%3Dcameo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3314923&seq=270&q1=cameos">"Antique jewelry and trinkets"</a>. <i>HathiTrust</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HathiTrust&rft.atitle=Antique+jewelry+and+trinkets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b3314923%26seq%3D270%26q1%3Dcameos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitehouse,_D._1991-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitehouse,_D._1991_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitehouse,_D._1991_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitehouse, D., Cameo Glass, in Roman Glass: two centuries of art and invention, M. Newby and K. Painter, Editors. 1991, Society of Antiquaries of London: London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitehouse, D., Late Roman cameo glass, in Annales du 11e Congres. 1990: Amsterdam.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fleming,_S.J._1999-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming,_S.J._1999_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming,_S.J._1999_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleming, S.J., Roman Glass; reflections on cultural change. 1999, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm2008" class="citation journal cs1">Malcolm, Fiona (2008). "Vintage beauty". <i>The National Trust Magazine</i> (Autumn 200). <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a>: 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Trust+Magazine&rft.atitle=Vintage+beauty&rft.issue=Autumn+200&rft.pages=37&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Malcolm&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cameo collection at the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saint-Petersburg, The State Hermitage Museum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The British Museum, London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard Forrer. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/biographicaldict04forriala#page/582/mode/2up">Biographical dictionary of medallists: coin, gem, and seal engravers, mint-masters, etc., volume 4</a></i> (London: Spink & son, 1904) p. 582 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anna Miller. Cameos Old and New. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-943763-60-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-943763-60-6">978-0-943763-60-6</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJarrett2009" class="citation book cs1">Jarrett, Diana (2009). <i>Cameos Old and New- 4th Edition</i>. GemStone Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-943763-60-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-943763-60-6"><bdi>978-0-943763-60-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cameos+Old+and+New-+4th+Edition&rft.pub=GemStone+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-943763-60-6&rft.aulast=Jarrett&rft.aufirst=Diana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller2003" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Anne (2003). <i>Cameos Old and New</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-442-00278-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-442-00278-5"><bdi>0-442-00278-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cameos+Old+and+New&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-442-00278-5&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDraper2009" class="citation book cs1">Draper, James (2009). <i>Cameo Appearances: Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art</i>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14145-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14145-0"><bdi>978-0-300-14145-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cameo+Appearances%3A+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14145-0&rft.aulast=Draper&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dunlop, Paul H., The Jokelson Collection of Cameo Incrustation, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9619547-3-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9619547-3-6">0-9619547-3-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScarisbrick2003" class="citation book cs1">Scarisbrick, Dianna (2003). <i>Classical Gems: Ancient and Modern Intaglios and Cameos in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-23901-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-23901-1"><bdi>978-0-521-23901-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Gems%3A+Ancient+and+Modern+Intaglios+and+Cameos+in+the+Fitzwilliam+Museum%2C+Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-23901-1&rft.aulast=Scarisbrick&rft.aufirst=Dianna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenig1990" class="citation book cs1">Henig, Martin (1990). <i>The Content Family Collection of Ancient Cameos-Ashmolean Museum</i>. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85444-004-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85444-004-4"><bdi>978-1-85444-004-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Content+Family+Collection+of+Ancient+Cameos-Ashmolean+Museum&rft.pub=Ashmolean+Museum%2C+Oxford&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-85444-004-4&rft.aulast=Henig&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFiorelli1989" class="citation book cs1">Fiorelli, Anna (1989). <i>Corals and Cameos – The treasures of Torre Del Greco</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corals+and+Cameos+%E2%80%93+The+treasures+of+Torre+Del+Greco&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Fiorelli&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalters1927" class="citation book cs1">Walters, H.B (1927). <i>Catalogue of the Engraved Gems and Cameos, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman in the British Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Engraved+Gems+and+Cameos%2C+Greek%2C+Etruscan%2C+and+Roman+in+the+British+Museum&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=H.B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeverov1971" class="citation book cs1">Neverov, O (1971). <i>Antique Cameos in the Hermitage Collection</i>. Aurora Art Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antique+Cameos+in+the+Hermitage+Collection&rft.pub=Aurora+Art+Publishers&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Neverov&rft.aufirst=O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameo+%28carving%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameo_(carving)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cameos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cameos">Cameos</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cameo" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:cameo">cameo</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ancientrome.ru/art/artworke/book/neverov/ac.htm">Antique Cameos in the Hermitage Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portraitcameos.com/">Gareth Eckley (cameo-artist)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.august-wild.de/">August Rudolf Wild 1891-1956, Gemmenschneider (cameo-artist)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gerhard-schmidt-art.de/">Gerhard Schmidt, Gemmenschneider (cameo-artist)</a></li></ul> <div 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977638b">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Camées"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977638b">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564803">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="kameje"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121404&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Camafeos"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4576694">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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