CINXE.COM
ਕਾਪਾ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="pa" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ਕਾਪਾ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )pawikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ਜਨਵਰੀ","ਫ਼ਰਵਰੀ","ਮਾਰਚ","ਅਪਰੈਲ","ਮਈ","ਜੂਨ","ਜੁਲਾਈ","ਅਗਸਤ","ਸਤੰਬਰ","ਅਕਤੂਬਰ","ਨਵੰਬਰ","ਦਸੰਬਰ"],"wgRequestId":"9057aeab-8d95-405a-8664-c06aadbc7c75","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ਕਾਪਾ","wgTitle":"ਕਾਪਾ","wgCurRevisionId":762271,"wgRevisionId":762271,"wgArticleId":16358,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["ਸਾਰੇ ਅਧਾਰ ਲੇਖ","ਅਧਾਰ","ਬੇ-ਹਵਾਲਾ ਲੇਖ","ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਅੱਖਰ"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pa","wgPageContentLanguage":"pa","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ਕਾਪਾ","wgRelevantArticleId":16358,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pa","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pa"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":400,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q14401","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["architecture","bitness","brands","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.Numeral_converter","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.shortUrl","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pa&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pa&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pa&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.2"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ਕਾਪਾ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pa.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ਸੋਧੋ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ (pa)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pa.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pa"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਦੀ ਐਟਮ ਫ਼ੀਡ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ਕਾਪਾ rootpage-ਕਾਪਾ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਨੇਵੀਗੇਸ਼ਨ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁੱਢਲੇ ਸਫ਼ੇ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਸੱਥ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5"><span>ਸੱਥ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਹਾਲੀਆ-ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82"><span>ਹਾਲੀਆ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਹਾਲੀਆ-ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82"><span>ਹਾਲੀਆ ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਬੇਤਰਤੀਬ-ਸਫ਼ਾ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE"><span>ਬੇਤਰਤੀਬ ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਮਦਦ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80"><span>ਮਦਦ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਦਾਨ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-ਵਿਕੀ_ਰੁਝਾਨ" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-ਵਿਕੀ_ਰੁਝਾਨ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਵਿਕੀ ਰੁਝਾਨ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-ਵਧੇਰੇ-ਵੇਖੇ-ਜਾਣ-ਵਾਲੇ-ਸਫ਼ੇ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="http://top.hatnote.com/pa/wikipedia" rel="nofollow"><span>ਵਧੇਰੇ ਵੇਖੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਫ਼ੇ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਅਕਸਰ-ਪੁੱਛੇ-ਜਾਣ-ਵਾਲੇ-ਸਵਾਲ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2"><span>ਅਕਸਰ ਪੁੱਛੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਵਾਲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-pa.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.5625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pa.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ਖੋਜ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" aria-label="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਖੋਜੋ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ਖੋਜੋ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖਲ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖਲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਕਾਪਾ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 87 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਅਬਖਾਜ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="ਅਬਖਾਜ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_(letter)" title="Kappa (letter) – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kappa (letter)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="كابا – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كابا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਅਰਾਮੀ" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Капа (літара) – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Капа (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Капа (літара) – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Капа (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Капа – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Капа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE" title="কাপ্পা – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাপ্পা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁེ་ཕི། – ਤਿੱਬਤੀ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁེ་ཕི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ਤਿੱਬਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_(lizherenn)" title="Kappa (lizherenn) – ਬਰੇਟਨ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kappa (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ਬਰੇਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="کەپا – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەپا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Κάππα – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάππα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapo_(litero)" title="Kapo (litero) – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kapo (litero)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa" title="Capa – ਐਕਸਟਰੀਮਾਡੂਰਨ" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Capa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ਐਕਸਟਰੀਮਾਡੂਰਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="کاپا – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_(kirjain)" title="Kappa (kirjain) – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kappa (kirjain)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਫ਼ੇਰੋਸੇ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ੇਰੋਸੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa" title="Capa – ਆਇਰਸ਼" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Capa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ਆਇਰਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%90" title="קפא – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%BA%D5%A1_(%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC)" title="Կապպա (տառ) – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կապպա (տառ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_(lettera_greca)" title="Kappa (lettera greca) – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kappa (lettera greca)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D)" title="კაპა (ასო) – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაპა (ასო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A_(Kappa)" title="Κ (Kappa) – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Κ (Kappa)" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Каппа – ਕੋਮੀ" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Каппа" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappa_(littera)" title="Cappa (littera) – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cappa (littera)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84)" title="Каппа (гьарф) – ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Каппа (гьарф)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa_(raid%C4%97)" title="Kapa (raidė) – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kapa (raidė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA" title="കാപ്പ – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാപ്പ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE" title="कॅपा – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅपा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਨਾਵਾਚ" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਵਾਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_(letter)" title="Kappa (letter) – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kappa (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_(bokstav)" title="Kappa (bokstav) – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kappa (bokstav)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_(litera)" title="Kappa (litera) – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kappa (litera)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Каппа (буква) – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каппа (буква)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa_(gr%C3%A9cke_p%C3%ADsmeno)" title="Kapa (grécke písmeno) – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kapa (grécke písmeno)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa_(%C4%8Drka)" title="Kapa (črka) – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kapa (črka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Капа (слово) – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Капа (слово)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_(bokstav)" title="Kappa (bokstav) – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kappa (bokstav)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="แคปปา – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคปปา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Каппа (літера) – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каппа (літера)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਵੇਪਸ" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਪਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kappa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" title="Κ – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Κ" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14401#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ਅੰਤਰਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਸੋਧੋ" class="wbc-editpage">ਜੋੜ ਸੋਧੋ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ਨਾਂ-ਥਾਂ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਫ਼ਾ ਵੇਖੋ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE" rel="discussion" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਚਰਚਾ [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ਗੱਲਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਰੂਪ ਬਦਲੋ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ਵੇਖੋ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE"><span>ਪੜ੍ਹੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&action=edit" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸਰੋਤ ਦਾ ਕੋਡ ਸੋਧੋ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&action=history" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਪਿਛਲੇ ਦੁਹਰਾਅ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵੇਖੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸੰਦ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE"><span>ਪੜ੍ਹੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&action=edit" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸਰੋਤ ਦਾ ਕੋਡ ਸੋਧੋ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&action=history"><span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵੇਖੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਆਮ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A8/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ, ਜੋ ਇੱਥੇ ਜੋੜਦੇ ਹਨ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ਇੱਥੇ ਕੀ ਆ ਕੇ ਜੁੜਦਾ ਹੈ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE" rel="nofollow" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਤੋਂ ਜੋੜੇ ਗਏ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਹਾਲੀਆ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ਸਬੰਧਤ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87" title="ਸਾਰੇ ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਲਿਸਟ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&oldid=762271" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਇਸ ਸੋਧ ਲਈ ਸਥਾਈ ਕੜੀ"><span>ਪੱਕੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ਸਫ਼ਾ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&id=762271&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲੇ ਦੇਣ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ"><span>ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲਾ ਦਿਉ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A8%25BE"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A8%25BE"><span>QR ਕੋਡ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pa.wikipedia.org/s/jws" title="ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਇਸ ਛੋਟੀ ਕੜੀ ਦੀ ਨਕਲ ਕਰੋ"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਪ੍ਰਿੰਟ ਕਰੋ / ਐਕਸਪੋਰਟ ਕਰੋ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE"><span>ਇੱਕ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ਵਜੋਂ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&printable=yes" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਰੂਪ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਸੰਸਕਰਣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਹੋਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਜੈਕਟਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A" hreflang="en"><span>ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਕਾਮਨਜ਼</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14401" title="ਡਾਟਾ ਭੰਡਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਕੜੀ ਜੋੜੋ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ਵਿਕੀਡਾਟਾ ਆਈਟਮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਦਿੱਖ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r627784">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r627788">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r761918">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627784"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627784"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="padding:1.0em 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Greek_alphabet_alpha-omega.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Greek_alphabet_alpha-omega.svg/100px-Greek_alphabet_alpha-omega.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Greek_alphabet_alpha-omega.svg/150px-Greek_alphabet_alpha-omega.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Greek_alphabet_alpha-omega.svg/200px-Greek_alphabet_alpha-omega.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="118" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccf;font-size:150%;padding:0.25em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none;margin-left:0.7em;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Αα</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਲਫ਼ਾ">ਅਲਫ਼ਾ</a></td><td> Νν</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਨਿਊ (ਅੱਖਰ)">ਨਿਊ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ββ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬੀਟਾ">ਬੀਟਾ</a></td><td> Ξξ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਕਸੀ (ਅੱਖਰ)">ਕਸੀ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Γγ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗਾਮਾ">ਗਾਮਾ</a></td><td> Οο</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8" title="ਓਮੀਕ੍ਰੋਨ">ਓਮੀਕ੍ਰੋਨ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Δδ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਡੈਲਟਾ (ਅੱਖਰ)">ਡੈਲਟਾ</a></td><td> Ππ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਪਾਈ (ਅੱਖਰ)">ਪਾਈ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Εε</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8" title="ਐਪਸੀਲੋਨ">ਐਪਸੀਲੋਨ</a></td><td> Ρρ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B" title="ਰੋ">ਰੋ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ζζ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜ਼ੀਟਾ">ਜ਼ੀਟਾ</a></td><td> Σσς</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸਿਗਮਾ">ਸਿਗਮਾ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ηη</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE" title="ਈਟਾ">ਈਟਾ</a></td><td> Ττ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93" title="ਟਾਓ">ਟਾਓ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Θθ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE" title="ਥੀਟਾ">ਥੀਟਾ</a></td><td> Υυ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8" title="ਉਪਸੀਲੋਨ">ਉਪਸੀਲੋਨ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ιι</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE" title="ਆਓਟਾ">ਆਓਟਾ</a></td><td> Φφ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਫਾਈ">ਫਾਈ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Κκ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ਕਾਪਾ</a></td><td> Χχ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="ਕਾਈ (ਅੱਖਰ)">ਕਾਈ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Λλ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਲੈਮਡਾ">ਲੈਮਡਾ</a></td><td> Ψψ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਸਾਈ (ਅੱਖਰ)">ਸਾਈ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Μμ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਮਿਊ (ਅੱਖਰ)">ਮਿਊ</a></td><td> Ωω</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE" title="ਓਮੇਗਾ">ਓਮੇਗਾ</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗ੍ਰੀਕ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.1em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> ਸਥਾਨਕ ਵਖਰੇਂਵੇ <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma"><img alt="Digamma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Greek_Digamma_normal.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Greek_Digamma_normal.svg/19px-Greek_Digamma_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Greek_Digamma_normal.svg/26px-Greek_Digamma_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></li><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Heta" title="Heta"><img alt="Heta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Greek_Eta_tack.svg/13px-Greek_Eta_tack.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Greek_Eta_tack.svg/19px-Greek_Eta_tack.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Greek_Eta_tack.svg/26px-Greek_Eta_tack.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></li><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_(letter)" title="San"><img alt="San" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Greek_San_slanted.svg/13px-Greek_San_slanted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Greek_San_slanted.svg/19px-Greek_San_slanted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Greek_San_slanted.svg/26px-Greek_San_slanted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></li><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa"><img alt="Koppa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/13px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/19px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/26px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></li><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sampi" title="Sampi"><img alt="Sampi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></li><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tsan" title="Tsan"><img alt="Tsan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Greek_Sigma_01.svg/13px-Greek_Sigma_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Greek_Sigma_01.svg/19px-Greek_Sigma_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Greek_Sigma_01.svg/26px-Greek_Sigma_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></li></ul></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_diacritics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek diacritics (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_ligatures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek ligatures (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; padding-top:0.3em;line-height:1.1em;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗ੍ਰੀਕ ਅੰਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅੰਕ</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digamma (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ϛ <small>(6)</small></a></li><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koppa_(letter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koppa (letter) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ϟ <small>(90)</small></a></li><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sampi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sampi (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ϡ <small>(900)</small></a></li></ul></div> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਰਤੋਂ</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਬੈਕਟ੍ਰੀਅਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਬੈਕਟ੍ਰੀਅਨ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੌਪਟਿਕ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕੌਪਟਿਕ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅਲਬਾਨੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅਲਬਾਨੀ</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> ਸਬੰਧਤ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4,_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗਣਿਤ, ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਇੰਜੀਨੀਅਰਿੰਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਗ੍ਰੀਕ ਅੱਖਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:0.4em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Symbol_book_class2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਕਿਤਾਬ"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Greek_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Greek alphabet (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕਿਤਾਬ</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Greek_letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Greek letters (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greek_alphabet" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Greek alphabet">ਕਾਮਨਜ਼</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627784"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r769404">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫਰਮਾ:ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4:%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਫਰਮਾ ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ:ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:EditPage/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:EditPage/ਫਰਮਾ:ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/45px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></td><td><i>ਇਹ ਲੇਖ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:Stub" class="mw-redirect" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Stub">ਅਧਾਰ</a> ਹੈ। ਤੁਸੀਂ ਇਸਨੂੰ <a class="external text" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&action=edit">ਵਧਾਕੇ</a> ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਦੀ ਮੱਦਦ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ।</i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627784"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r769404"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Stub" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4:Stub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਫਰਮਾ ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ:Stub (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:EditPage/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Stub" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:EditPage/ਫਰਮਾ:Stub"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r632922">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">ਇਸ ਲੇਖ ਨੂੰ <b>ਕਿਸੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:Verifiability&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Verifiability (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਰੋਤ</a> ਦਾ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:Citing_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Citing sources (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਹਵਾਲਾ</a> ਨਹੀਂ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ</b>।<span class="hide-when-compact"> ਕਿਰਪਾ ਕਰਕੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:Referencing_for_beginners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਦਦ:Referencing for beginners (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਭਰੋਸੇਯੋਗ ਸਰੋਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਹਵਾਲੇ</a> ਜੋੜ ਕੇ <a class="external text" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&action=edit">ਇਸ ਲੇਖ</a> ਨੂੰ ਸੁਧਾਰਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਦਦ ਕਰੋ। ਗੈਰ-ਸਰੋਤ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਨੂੰ ਚੁਣੌਤੀ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:Verifiability&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Verifiability (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਹਟਾਈ</a> ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ।<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%22">"ਕਾਪਾ"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&q=%22%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:Maintenance_template_removal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਦਦ:Maintenance template removal (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ਕਾਪਾ</b> (ਵੱਡਾ: Κ, ਛੋਟਾ: κ ਜਾਂ ϰ; ਯੂਨਾਨੀ: κάππα) ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ ਦਾ ਦਸਵਾਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0" title="ਅੱਖਰ">ਅੱਖਰ</a> ਹੈ। </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5476bd94cd‐vkm88 Cached time: 20241111110238 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.179 seconds Real time usage: 0.258 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 384/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35072/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 948/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19759/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.117/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1906372/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 212.467 1 -total 70.10% 148.941 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ਯੂਨਾਨੀ_ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ 21.99% 46.730 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Unreferenced 21.13% 44.897 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Longlink 19.90% 42.274 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Hlist 19.32% 41.042 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Ambox 7.82% 16.622 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ਆਧਾਰ 6.55% 13.906 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Find_sources_mainspace 5.65% 12.003 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Asbox 5.56% 11.808 3 ਫਰਮਾ:Icon --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key pawiki:pcache:idhash:16358-0!canonical and timestamp 20241111110238 and revision id 762271. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਕਾਪਾ&oldid=762271">https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਕਾਪਾ&oldid=762271</a>" ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ">ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87-%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਬੇ-ਹਵਾਲਾ ਲੇਖ">ਬੇ-ਹਵਾਲਾ ਲੇਖ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਅੱਖਰ">ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਅੱਖਰ</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">ਲੁਕਵੀਂਆਂ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਸਾਰੇ ਅਧਾਰ ਲੇਖ">ਸਾਰੇ ਅਧਾਰ ਲੇਖ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਅਧਾਰ">ਅਧਾਰ</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਸੋਧ 15 ਜੁਲਾਈ 2024 ਨੂੰ 15:02 ਵਜੇ ਹੋਈ।</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ਇਹ ਲਿਖਤ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0</a> ਦੇ ਤਹਿਤ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ; ਵਾਧੂ ਸ਼ਰਤਾਂ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਸਾਈਟ ਨੂੰ ਵਰਤਣ ਨਾਲ, ਤੁਸੀਂ ਇਸਦੀਆਂ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">ਵਰਤਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਸ਼ਰਤਾਂ</a> ਅਤੇ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a> ਨਾਲ ਸਹਿਮਤ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹੋ। Wikipedia® ਮੁਨਾਫ਼ਾ ਨਾ ਕਮਾਉਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਸੰਸਥਾ, ਇੰਕ.</a> ਦਾ ਰਜਿਸਟ੍ਰਡ ਟ੍ਰੇਡਮਾਰਕ ਹੈ।</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ਪਰਦਾ ਨੀਤੀ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਬਾਰੇ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87">ਦਾਅਵੇ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">ਆਚਾਰ ਜ਼ਾਬਤਾ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ਵਿਕਾਸਕਾਰ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pa.wikipedia.org">ਅੰਕੜੇ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">ਕੂਕੀ ਤਫਸੀਲਾਂ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pa.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">ਮੋਬਾਈਲੀ ਦਿੱਖ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f59cc9d56-7z7dl","wgBackendResponseTime":160,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.179","walltime":"0.258","ppvisitednodes":{"value":384,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":35072,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":948,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":19759,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 212.467 1 -total"," 70.10% 148.941 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ਯੂਨਾਨੀ_ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ"," 21.99% 46.730 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Unreferenced"," 21.13% 44.897 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Longlink"," 19.90% 42.274 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Hlist"," 19.32% 41.042 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Ambox"," 7.82% 16.622 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ਆਧਾਰ"," 6.55% 13.906 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Find_sources_mainspace"," 5.65% 12.003 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Asbox"," 5.56% 11.808 3 ਫਰਮਾ:Icon"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.117","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1906372,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5476bd94cd-vkm88","timestamp":"20241111110238","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a2a\u0a3e","url":"https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q14401","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q14401","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-11-17T01:58:18Z","dateModified":"2024-07-15T15:02:07Z"}</script> </body> </html>