CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "help.medium.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e9492ad696cef6e',cH: '4IvkeIBRZXQTHjZO.611QI0Mwlxd84U_9RntZTEmrkg-1732736247-1.2.1.1-wH665K45LfC76JDgZTK3m9ctVJk._X4_8h7rLdHDBvQ7.7KPO6IJfVI2AchjBvXK',cUPMDTk: "\/hc\/en-us?source=post_page-----69969397a482--------------------------------&__cf_chl_tk=Q3rKRnuFfKqCSpaSJoxtU6VKAGDQAQE4.O5y_A2Srrk-1732736247-1.0.1.1-M1cdPpTlUjTCKPwegHLRkUko.tCi_CWrZqzfZqEwmso",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732736247',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/hc\/en-us?source=post_page-----69969397a482--------------------------------&__cf_chl_f_tk=Q3rKRnuFfKqCSpaSJoxtU6VKAGDQAQE4.O5y_A2Srrk-1732736247-1.0.1.1-M1cdPpTlUjTCKPwegHLRkUko.tCi_CWrZqzfZqEwmso",md: ".E4WaIRPcTjSmrIc_HX7Ca.59A6OcyavlXsIjluss5A-1732736247-1.2.1.1-9RLtVPOYVN7ukqLKO15XQZmyx4q9aN_l_5xraoazxJAv.fhXEzOaD6HFjwuLTjrKolWH8iCbs7vL4Tx3t3hYEmH_SLIskmatrcUEh1ixPDmPIXzF_814g2I.2K.jDdOMdLX77mKkqZfm7rrngegYJCGcvo554R_WnpqjZXmdCP48_TC2WMAiNSqiizXGcyQ0GMO_C1smtgLik2hSWkZIiMrvaWZb2ffYmZFH_endE5NekZgwp8k8oDHCHFk6c5I.GZkb6ernZ61AK7OGU71hbn2vintdn8V7h2hNSbbL1rGQDeph.lcjNU8mWdn31irhT3Yg9CN4SqGYrGXpPiraIbRtxHEZlM7zbL9sz9pjRIoRrjdFOU9rqGfXWm.T4AT7DJoESkCY_L4dwSa.Jm6KJ7_CoOZFxU3485nH2fdHiMLe8ScnTrLmJVfUtP6JB1gum7zhIfsT9YBubsLjZkwlGMpMZJvvoRjyTApqNgxsJkQKUpFpRLFY5Gylwi_3lB1rRaOPTcjf4GMGDSHDdm07VuwnsfqKgjoffhgDuhNLaXuL3JgKFzexwtzgG724xhf4pWSnDvTdR85BK7cnzp_KnKBCGDhJqRoW2Dyytn5pwiflKwGPTMZC_ChzR_5rWQJBDRPYZlBk.NSyztu4665w6KEBK59H0d_jB9X1zZYzrTMrjR8Du9Mn37w3a3oMg84J8FCgQfwtJ.Id5xrQitEKAOSWCQuXs0BI0K8o7Hyr.9sT7IBJGqxPV2Vj3sMd1DM17zu9bDms75Nv.2T5K5r_EPsiVV3EPWg9ckNWJBB_d3R_K3mY8mavZYp5hU_TJYvl90SVN_1LUQC4.jx4c_mbow_K6GXcJKHorh3q.NI.XZg4BWT_rhundY_tO_tpOUubHBie4PshY2R5WRAyFDYYC32Y_3tHUPpsaGGxgbwhY6Mk0rp3zrBKXLNokaHzvaeXjDsdtzOUlqtVpLuM.dqBALcJMyiHJ5llBT1T46tNPIpQVEeJvc_9EoS3N91jdcsIAgu0NsuqY3adWVVUaZiYGZOYH7AI9.aw.VnDY0CmDE8kd_NXp4bZKCg5PKQM9p6KrppxxI9kdw9sc3ysnGOh0XR5IU7xglX02i8B_uDxJybA1BFMMsMRQ8lvJTVwel0mm_tIb7_LIwp1piYjDr5CRKOvIFyenemlWuLckz3auXN4_ON28x_ygHIKYdEgmx4_FJSZ2OgFXlpTNa6bKeSP._aS4KPHBXA.646eQ_URwtdoT_0U_VZVqfW5w4epifaNh6tgUZg4fly1aKP8WGrGNMP6EsaQH9vr_rA0Gp3grDnEYQ3dd_GjUIKUX9DQfCy1zh8TOE0q7oBZPJ5nyXeBAIMp6FkfkRB1h6l8iiAphevphkLUXtLM9xse40w.DDsmEfhyLawhdETk1UtxNMXs8WUF56Qa362k6E1lcZVwkHhs310MAT7TrzHYxJMaBxZ2PmcwFfS3Gln1o9EFePq183w.sqxlZE8JKI7FvuBZCG_yD2.FSO8_g.EKkXCV60f61Nq_RWB7__04YJqiQ58O8NLtKyixwbjQBIgu7zgGUQnAGXbaXP9CmhQylInzeAQSrxqCeVhainTzOlwGEV7tYKRUbY5WYTNdIWP8t36U9GIYCCptUkdS7aNJeKGz49h.AFrzmsheEDJeBbVx58j3L7Cu1t2n0eoseg13gZmnyQcVCr3z0OF._cEB3yqCIPWKu2j_DjuPW0p4kZMXbyCmEzjUGtBTabpIeahR3K6PwxB1513XUxBem0qqZt4TSn7XbSIwPjeXSylypeXf84pGbVkLwl562maMCXKQlWHU3jeWkMPMHO99hPjS8zZlnHTehqFrQR8p_LsJeO37tRpwXGJ2cpHOEzSXAZSD5_hliFrM6hJgD6t6zk5ZKyhTN_WjYrZfMHwLoga5vPheAp_YqumbLwWO1L0gNgCnbK_S.sQrMGoo3ofVUAljVBCZBZr_modpiFq2NGwTl3MxuCo3w6ZpUHnV1jxHETTWbjTsl.w2nJO0Qsys4RbUs_.wpyZdPIGvqDYLWgvn8hLNI0Vrs1iOcRRy8j4ZczFCvcUhgiULpDWtrEtGY0KtBmEy6_x0m2NsuGpL7ToaDiKMxbReG3eixcCbpMQNYK789JYJuQKYbouuuc66QNcFnj6ncEf0bWsFRFIAAyR6HGnNerQisLoztsJj5fEj80jYJRarpaTdjiot04sGCzpWMh005jDkao1e6jXU7m7dXKL2Wk6oSehBJRvvAPreK4ZPX1QClddPVE.8dmv5Ty8uf2sYzb4aSyX7_2duUWGMM6wDXHcatcAWkJkr1M30GXhZeMWOwui6wwYOJ7kA7epeMA25KK5sRKqmoMkzXnH0PGBSiUzFWtM0mzxfXEcfeicgP2XuZS3KkZSZJRhr4n_JCdUQDgjxRTFpgtkc57BFXZoojAZMmALiNnTwO5oqs9knXaXwtdokFIZSrq5CYpoxLZfZO0g8thwFrAzWHUylF5aw9F2UqQVaoGBgrTKkVoAzHXsLB7utLgVA87KC9B3CbZuprc9_uRY7rSvsIeOmWmjZGuggsyCMh5M7GvLCHnuyYOtqGEQ_6k8o3ZYeo_ePq3Hp7bJWSMUPYRbaRBzgji2J_I4oPRKDlPhUSEb6L6HmXW0_AO21yW.zV.jzIDyq4K0HCPBMY5NP5FW3Y5cVN9JRdD5YuJggQ.8zFRNh4ZfwI6sm2ZahANG9F1Oj9jKc0QyrhGtvNMS.AIj4TNPS58prjStv5TumSIX6rcACDB4GMGVceF.MIjHKOUXC7w7cfgj8kkHwRrPNhEW2TRn6l8ibSTO5L3AegTxL0_XYQCzmyseqmOeEw_Td19hoDqFuwklXHuBxyXhaH1s1NefT_MequsCuUNI_E8uqtkNaq2pPr9yh078H1NKT7BMeH4GyguJFKiEoSi48e7WD7Phq4fOxPeoTp8GZyX7QycGS7.OhOWXgo1Otmxe6YFhBnz37XeQcfklQ8CqH71R3_TZbCYPstfaS11sHwniCLcn9XJ.O.otonOBsqXhWAHnx.jRIS6eAxcTcAY1_WnxyC8hloEirwucH_g",mdrd: "flzt.HsDPk3tjL4uIGPpcySPrB1E_fjnO_AmR6B5A9Y-1732736247-1.2.1.1-X8WlrSfA4VimXxidZ3SIep95qpC31Tm_WR.LSZMEiuXOXeWed6etiMw9Tiao7Kw9vdlep5.J7kgNDw82Y4xlRRKewVajDJRqIRbgpGQLxoNLGr9sTPhdDEoBppKBTC7kiYYdhzCIMhSUwmeqjXyZ6D2TLCF9mN_rya9IEN_nNt9lACwKWNH6Dn0Iqmp.kkTd1hIanNQXh6orxp8CX7wvtb65xIxKeh02DRErPQn.PBY5gZ2HVUB7PAvUUprwHv4YDgEslE6.kR2icGJi3C3nmr41HaDtZiOAr3qXXHnGCK9Yb9E2r.gQOPt.xVvrsYOGnXJxz1fNWP7In5Z8Laq.pmmLCoOaCE.3ogUDvjO5A42X2GeSZFdVW90PKlf.ZD7QJSN3iMQmMtLDJO18E5yN3n6eBWf6Ulina61lZns7uA.gnKMSNASvVCC16cFdRgZJVFvA8N.dAfIiYfBFRsdhFOuZVpeRMyX9uLDXANqu7gnh.mf4ky5m25G_7qtJUpVInZIihYQBsBg9rg3l4Qvc28FyDOPGLYYQ6afnh1HYEXgdRO8KP0xeqT7H2nWWnb_RUWo7F7j85yIIL8Gi_Jm.ohKdZ7NF_sA9sAffnvH7ZcalV03uG_n4cJd0udSxjAB7lJKkB6I.BNeTXpDkJsRxi0kESV.E2xjrYiEQv.RoHFwqnaoyq3nx.Zp.c5sZ2AmwdmQKb0OVWR8.obG.lqbiE0bsyHaa9l35CPajUH5CQbzEFFtzVhfDl61EpaKAb0d0DJbgnSu3Hb1NC7kpChvfPXui_fFX6hXmqKKyEhAXO.z8CmOSn8nFoAaQNTT22Qm3Ans_qYnwoo48iCO9wRbLk3D56l830Cm10ovzkRoJ6Jgpt2NA7m1KUiXZ8kfqlscimE4c853evFQCHq.TVQeSpZm9GDkVy7GYbc2ePe3m8umvcocrqUW5LaV94.H_i5xKuFUrAzyoy2sar16T6CwyHZibG_T_kXwIOS8NEeYKEJdaF1dhsb7CVyPVlgRd_tZWReS2TUHX5tkkzFBGDAqKjlyKx7ru9jv43sPen9KHKIrkMI7lS7YIbMPlx7zzOAwz8_dOM7cHyMDCqFJqpTBEeetCYr7BkxKE5168mJHJaZXg76QtFpGr6VcucGJso4fXIWYWfIamhIyzbi7ztoZdwSBj1CDocZDL24i7NtulZDv_eGWITynLRR3vHO1FMj2piFYlof1L53WYbItjrOcAWKUIciE4STDnOXvCm5iZ2qV.U9lKzNYcmHMNQwBEIeWwKfNEu6pm89dVjNAJ5bQ6V8WH0hYhcHU37YidJ20G.LMWMi.Xg8pZsFrBdrlDCu8VH1XXotg7yOwo88QQj2xJlYPgO02u8vIB.._I2UlCd4Rhg95UoM6wmzQ71Dcd4ydfJH_kdm2oEWDSJwQA.mGU.KTYkfNUzabHtWHxziYDNKauNwebmGGWhvw_RT7Bo_BV4CVDoHQcA3voCgluK7F.0feTOZ7A5PgST.kc2RAuqv7SOXcfYH96y3CQt34Ou9QK1k8ATmK8GrC6146gGGzBUNILNI7VOQ6LLN15iMFJmu2wTwftmN9L8ERiOnsBz48hg8ARa5MwXZPNFQrSvC7UUQjFhD4YhPNkXRbXGsJuAWmuIBEDYPZwzQcdwQMjjvKVSiz9bucWBsU1HvjTSWdd_53L_A4th_PtIksgaPX9Ask_IfD1P01g20iwNEpckQSOxUricdSr8cw4ySYb9aXb2qbeFaseMyYbQT02F7YFoo_fx3rBuOwd_4n0amOM5vlsez9RrMW0yqVpWOhrbdCeQkbsESsnOIgLQ0bhhCvJe1btRMegx2JBUn_UJled0IQ4KMvUQRdeK7gwWb66tZ5aFfLJbdYbWdh2EUqExGpHJWiuoKAjDBI0CN8fe3Z9d20BF27YwpCIxwqr2M9NvNgg.RDSgOSCW5rBwi_p6X6YSLE"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e9492ad696cef6e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/hc\/en-us?source=post_page-----69969397a482--------------------------------&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Q3rKRnuFfKqCSpaSJoxtU6VKAGDQAQE4.O5y_A2Srrk-1732736247-1.0.1.1-M1cdPpTlUjTCKPwegHLRkUko.tCi_CWrZqzfZqEwmso" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>