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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Construction_and_description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_and_description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Construction and description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_and_description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_vanguard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_vanguard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mobile vanguard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_vanguard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_by_the_Philistines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_by_the_Philistines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Capture by the Philistines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_by_the_Philistines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_of_the_Ark_to_the_Israelites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_of_the_Ark_to_the_Israelites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Return of the Ark to the Israelites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_of_the_Ark_to_the_Israelites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_reign_of_King_David" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_reign_of_King_David"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>During the reign of King David</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_reign_of_King_David-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Temple_of_King_Solomon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Temple_of_King_Solomon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>The Temple of King Solomon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Temple_of_King_Solomon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_reign_of_King_Hezekiah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_reign_of_King_Hezekiah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>During the reign of King Hezekiah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_reign_of_King_Hezekiah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_invasion_of_the_Kingdom_of_Babylon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_invasion_of_the_Kingdom_of_Babylon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>The invasion of the Kingdom of Babylon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_invasion_of_the_Kingdom_of_Babylon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_of_the_Kohathites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_of_the_Kohathites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Service of the Kohathites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_of_the_Kohathites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_tradition_on_location_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_tradition_on_location_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jewish tradition on location today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_tradition_on_location_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology_and_historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology_and_historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Archaeology and historical context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology_and_historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_in_Abrahamic_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_in_Abrahamic_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References in Abrahamic religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References_in_Abrahamic_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References in Abrahamic religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References_in_Abrahamic_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tanakh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanakh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tanakh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanakh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Book_of_Maccabees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Book_of_Maccabees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Second Book of Maccabees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Book_of_Maccabees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samaritan_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritan_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Samaritan tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritan_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_physical_ark_of_the_Old_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_physical_ark_of_the_Old_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>The physical ark of the Old Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_physical_ark_of_the_Old_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_as_the_“New_Ark”" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_as_the_“New_Ark”"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>The Blessed Virgin Mary as the “New Ark”</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_as_the_“New_Ark”-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Quran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Ark_in_other_faiths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ark_in_other_faiths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>The Ark in other faiths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ark_in_other_faiths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_of_current_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_current_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Claims of current status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Claims_of_current_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Claims of current status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_current_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-According_to_the_Book_of_Maccabees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#According_to_the_Book_of_Maccabees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>According to the Book of Maccabees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-According_to_the_Book_of_Maccabees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Southern Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature_and_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature_and_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In literature and the arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature_and_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yom_HaAliyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yom_HaAliyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Yom HaAliyah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yom_HaAliyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ark of the Covenant</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbondsark" title="Verbondsark – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verbondsark" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF" title="تابوت العهد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تابوت العهد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fhd_sand%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Əhd sandığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əhd sandığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="তাবুতে সাকিনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাবুতে সাকিনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83" title="Каўчэг Запавету – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каўчэг Запавету" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Кивот – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кивот" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeslodn" title="Bundeslodn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bundeslodn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kov%C4%8Deg_Saveza" title="Kovčeg Saveza – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kovčeg Saveza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arca_de_l%27Alian%C3%A7a" title="Arca de l'Aliança – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arca de l'Aliança" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archa_%C3%BAmluvy" title="Archa úmluvy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Archa úmluvy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_y_Cyfamod" title="Arch y Cyfamod – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arch y Cyfamod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagtens_Ark" title="Pagtens Ark – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pagtens Ark" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeslade" title="Bundeslade – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bundeslade" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%B2%CF%89%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Κιβωτός της Διαθήκης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κιβωτός της Διαθήκης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arca_de_la_Alianza" title="Arca de la Alianza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arca de la Alianza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesto_de_Interligo" title="Kesto de Interligo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kesto de Interligo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itun-kutxa" title="Itun-kutxa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itun-kutxa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF" title="تابوت عهد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تابوت عهد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arche_d%27alliance" title="Arche d'alliance – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arche d'alliance" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcje_dal_Pat" title="Arcje dal Pat – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Arcje dal Pat" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81irc_an_Chonartha" title="Áirc an Chonartha – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Áirc an Chonartha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arca_da_Alianza" title="Arca da Alianza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arca da Alianza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EA%B6%A4" title="법궤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="법궤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ուխտի Տապանակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուխտի Տապանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kov%C4%8Deg_Saveza" title="Kovčeg Saveza – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kovčeg Saveza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabut_Perjanjian" title="Tabut Perjanjian – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tabut Perjanjian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arca_del_alliantia" title="Arca del alliantia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Arca del alliantia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arca_dell%27Alleanza" title="Arca dell'Alleanza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arca dell'Alleanza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ארון הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארון הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanduku_la_agano" title="Sanduku la agano – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sanduku la agano" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der%C4%ABbas_%C5%A1%C4%B7irsts" title="Derības šķirsts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Derības šķirsts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoros_skrynia" title="Sandoros skrynia – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sandoros skrynia" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigyl%C3%A1da" title="Frigyláda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frigyláda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Заветен ковчег – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Заветен ковчег" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiaran%27_ny_Fanekena" title="Fiaran' ny Fanekena – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiaran' ny Fanekena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സാക്ഷ്യപേടകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാക്ഷ്യപേടകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF" title="تابوت العهد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تابوت العهد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabut_Perjanjian" title="Tabut Perjanjian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tabut Perjanjian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-g%C3%B4i" title="Huák-gôi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-gôi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_van_het_Verbond" title="Ark van het Verbond – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ark van het Verbond" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E7%B4%84%E3%81%AE%E7%AE%B1" title="契約の箱 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="契約の箱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paktens_ark" title="Paktens ark – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paktens ark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arca_d%27Alian%C3%A7a" title="Arca d'Aliança – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arca d'Aliança" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aron_Kodesh_(ahd_sandig%E2%80%99i)" title="Aron Kodesh (ahd sandig’i) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aron Kodesh (ahd sandig’i)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%81" title="تابوت سکینہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تابوت سکینہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA" title="د سکينې تابوت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د سکينې تابوت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arka_Przymierza" title="Arka Przymierza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arka Przymierza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arca_da_Alian%C3%A7a" title="Arca da Aliança – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arca da Aliança" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chivotul_Leg%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Chivotul Legământului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chivotul Legământului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ковчег Завета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ковчег Завета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arka_e_Per%C3%ABndis%C3%AB" title="Arka e Perëndisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arka e Perëndisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ark of the Covenant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archa_zmluvy" title="Archa zmluvy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Archa zmluvy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrinja_zaveze" title="Skrinja zaveze – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skrinja zaveze" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Завјетни ковчег – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Завјетни ковчег" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kov%C4%8Deg_Saveza" title="Kovčeg Saveza – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kovčeg Saveza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitonarkki" title="Liitonarkki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liitonarkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rbundsarken" title="Förbundsarken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förbundsarken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaban_ng_Tipan" title="Kaban ng Tipan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaban ng Tipan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="உடன்படிக்கைப் பெட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உடன்படிக்கைப் பெட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="หีบแห่งพันธสัญญา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หีบแห่งพันธสัญญา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahit_Sand%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Ahit Sandığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ahit Sandığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83" title="Ковчег Заповіту – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ковчег Заповіту" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%81" title="تابوت سکینہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تابوت سکینہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2m_Bia_Giao_%C6%AF%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Hòm Bia Giao Ước – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hòm Bia Giao Ước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arko_nga_Alyansa" title="Arko nga Alyansa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arko nga Alyansa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%9F%9C" title="约柜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约柜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ארון הברית – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארון הברית" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%AB%83" title="約櫃 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="約櫃" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%AB%83" title="約櫃 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="約櫃" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131316#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chest containing the Ten Commandments</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For another uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant_(band)" title="Ark of the Covenant (band)">Ark of the Covenant (band)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissot_Moses_and_Joshua_in_the_Tabernacle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tissot_Moses_and_Joshua_in_the_Tabernacle.jpg/280px-Tissot_Moses_and_Joshua_in_the_Tabernacle.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tissot_Moses_and_Joshua_in_the_Tabernacle.jpg/420px-Tissot_Moses_and_Joshua_in_the_Tabernacle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tissot_Moses_and_Joshua_in_the_Tabernacle.jpg/560px-Tissot_Moses_and_Joshua_in_the_Tabernacle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2554" /></a><figcaption> <i><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> bowing before the Ark</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span>) by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Anikova_dish,_circa_800_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Anikova_dish%2C_circa_800_CE.jpg/280px-Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Anikova_dish%2C_circa_800_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Anikova_dish%2C_circa_800_CE.jpg/420px-Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Anikova_dish%2C_circa_800_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Anikova_dish%2C_circa_800_CE.jpg/560px-Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Anikova_dish%2C_circa_800_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1906" data-file-height="1288" /></a><figcaption>Ark of the Covenant on the <a href="/wiki/Anikova_dish" title="Anikova dish">Anikova dish</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Ark of the Covenant</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as the <b>Ark of the Testimony</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <b>Ark of God</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a purported religious storage and relic held to be the most sacred object by the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>. </p><p>Religious tradition describes it as a wooden storage chest decorated in solid gold accompanied by an ornamental lid known as the <a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Seat of Mercy</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">First Book of Kings</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, the Ark contained the <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of the Law</a>, by which <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">God</a> delivered the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)" title="Mount Sinai (Bible)">Mount Sinai</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Book of Numbers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, it also contained <a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_rod" title="Aaron's rod">Aaron's rod</a> and a pot of <a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">manna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The biblical account relates that approximately one year after the Israelites' <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">exodus from Egypt</a>, the Ark was created according to the pattern that God gave to Moses when the Israelites were encamped at the foot of Mount Sinai. Thereafter, the gold-plated acacia chest's staves were lifted and carried by the <a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a> approximately 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Cubit" title="Cubit">cubits</a> (800 meters or 2,600 feet) in advance of the people while they marched.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God spoke with Moses "from between the two <a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">cherubim</a>" on the Ark's cover.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are ongoing academic discussions about whether there were multiple arks, whether the original Ark contained a statue of <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>, and about the implications of a recent excavation at <a href="/wiki/Kiriath_Jearim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiriath Jearim">Kiriath Jearim</a> for the historical reconstruction of the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Levin_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-David_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is additional scholarly debate over possible historical influences that led to the creation of the Ark. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R%C3%B6mer" title="Thomas Römer">Thomas Römer</a> sees <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> influence, while Scott Noegel sees <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Egypt" title="Culture of Egypt">Egyptian</a> influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Rö92_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rö92-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Noegel_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noegel-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_account">Biblical account</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biblical account"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:auto; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding:0.3em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ten_Commandments" title="Category:Ten Commandments">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size: 145%; background-color:#cdf; padding:0.3em"><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_(1).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-144px-MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-216px-MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-288px-MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:1.0em 0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_am_the_Lord_thy_God" title="I am the Lord thy God">I am the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> thy God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_have_no_other_gods_before_me" title="Thou shalt have no other gods before me">No other gods before me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_make_unto_thee_any_graven_image" title="Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image">No graven images or likenesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_take_the_name_of_the_Lord_thy_God_in_vain" title="Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain">Not take the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>'s name in vain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remember_the_sabbath_day,_to_keep_it_holy" title="Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy">Remember the sabbath day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour_thy_father_and_thy_mother" title="Honour thy father and thy mother">Honour thy father and thy mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_kill" title="Thou shalt not kill">Thou shalt not kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_commit_adultery" title="Thou shalt not commit adultery">Thou shalt not commit adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_steal" title="Thou shalt not steal">Thou shalt not steal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_bear_false_witness_against_thy_neighbour" title="Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour">Thou shalt not bear false witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_covet" title="Thou shalt not covet">Thou shalt not covet</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #cdf"> Related articles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:1.0em 0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_Decalogue" title="Ritual Decalogue">Ritual Decalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_of_God" title="Finger of God">Finger of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)" title="Mount Sinai (Bible)">Mount Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">In Catholic theology</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding:0 0.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ten_Commandments_series" title="Template:Ten Commandments series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ten_Commandments_series" title="Template talk:Ten Commandments series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ten_Commandments_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ten Commandments series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_and_description">Construction and description</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction and description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1000484_Paris_Ier_Eglise_Saint-Roch_Chapelle_Adoration_Arche_d%27alliance_reductwk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/P1000484_Paris_Ier_Eglise_Saint-Roch_Chapelle_Adoration_Arche_d%27alliance_reductwk.JPG/220px-P1000484_Paris_Ier_Eglise_Saint-Roch_Chapelle_Adoration_Arche_d%27alliance_reductwk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/P1000484_Paris_Ier_Eglise_Saint-Roch_Chapelle_Adoration_Arche_d%27alliance_reductwk.JPG/330px-P1000484_Paris_Ier_Eglise_Saint-Roch_Chapelle_Adoration_Arche_d%27alliance_reductwk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/P1000484_Paris_Ier_Eglise_Saint-Roch_Chapelle_Adoration_Arche_d%27alliance_reductwk.JPG/440px-P1000484_Paris_Ier_Eglise_Saint-Roch_Chapelle_Adoration_Arche_d%27alliance_reductwk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1021" /></a><figcaption>Ark of the <i>chapelle de l'Adoration</i> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Roch_(Paris)" class="mw-redirect" title="Église Saint-Roch (Paris)">Église Saint-Roch</a>, Paris).</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a>, God instructed <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> to build the Ark during his 40-day stay upon <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was shown the pattern for the tabernacle and furnishings of the Ark, and told that it would be made of <a href="/wiki/Shittim_wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Shittim wood">shittim wood</a> (also known as acacia wood)<sup id="cite_ref-bibleverse||Exodus|25:10|HE_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibleverse||Exodus|25:10|HE-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to house the <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bibleverse||Exodus|25:10|HE_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibleverse||Exodus|25:10|HE-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moses instructed <a href="/wiki/Bezalel" title="Bezalel">Bezalel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aholiab" class="mw-redirect" title="Aholiab">Aholiab</a> to construct the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Book of Exodus gives detailed instructions on how the Ark is to be constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is to be <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cubit" title="Cubit">cubits</a> in length, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> cubits breadth, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> cubits height (approximately 131×79×79 cm or 52×31×31 in) of <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacia</a> wood. Then it is to be gilded entirely with gold, and a crown or molding of gold is to be put around it. Four rings of gold are to be attached to its four corners, two on each side—and through these rings staves of shittim wood overlaid with gold for carrying the Ark are to be inserted; and these are not to be removed.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_vanguard">Mobile vanguard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mobile vanguard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The biblical account continues that, after its creation by Moses, the Ark was carried by the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> during their 40 years of wandering in the desert. Whenever the Israelites camped, the Ark was placed in the tent of meeting, inside the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>. </p><p>When the Israelites, led by <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> toward the <a href="/wiki/Promised_Land" title="Promised Land">Promised Land</a>, arrived at the banks of the <a href="/wiki/River_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="River Jordan">River Jordan</a>, the Ark was carried in the lead, preceding the people, and was the signal for their advance.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the crossing, the river grew dry as soon as the feet of the priests carrying the Ark touched its waters, and remained so until the priests—with the Ark—left the river after the people had passed over.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As memorials, <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Stones" title="Twelve Stones">twelve stones</a> were taken from the Jordan at the place where the priests had stood.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jericho" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jericho">Battle of Jericho</a>, the Ark was carried around the city once a day for six days, preceded by the armed men and seven priests sounding seven <a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">trumpets of rams' horns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the seventh day, the seven priests sounding the seven trumpets of rams' horns before the Ark compassed the city seven times, and, with a great shout, Jericho's wall fell down flat and the people took the city.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the defeat at <a href="/wiki/Ai_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ai (Bible)">Ai</a>, Joshua lamented before the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Joshua read the Law to the people between <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ebal" title="Mount Ebal">Mount Ebal</a>, they stood on each side of the Ark. The Ark was then kept at <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a> after the Israelites finished their conquest of Canaan.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> We next hear of the Ark in <a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it was being cared for by the priest <a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a>, the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to this verse, it was consulted by the people of Israel when they were planning to attack the Benjaminites at the <a href="/wiki/Levite%27s_concubine" title="Levite's concubine">Battle of Gibeah</a>. Later the Ark was kept at Shiloh again,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it was cared for by <a href="/wiki/Hophni_and_Phinehas" title="Hophni and Phinehas">Hophni and Phinehas</a>, two sons of <a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_by_the_Philistines">Capture by the Philistines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Capture by the Philistines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Philistine_captivity_of_the_Ark" title="Philistine captivity of the Ark">Philistine captivity of the Ark</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Figures_The_erection_of_the_Tabernacle_and_the_Sacred_vessels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Figures_The_erection_of_the_Tabernacle_and_the_Sacred_vessels.jpg/220px-Figures_The_erection_of_the_Tabernacle_and_the_Sacred_vessels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Figures_The_erection_of_the_Tabernacle_and_the_Sacred_vessels.jpg/330px-Figures_The_erection_of_the_Tabernacle_and_the_Sacred_vessels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Figures_The_erection_of_the_Tabernacle_and_the_Sacred_vessels.jpg/440px-Figures_The_erection_of_the_Tabernacle_and_the_Sacred_vessels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>1728 illustration of the Ark at the erection of the Tabernacle and the sacred vessels, as in Exodus 40:17–19</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the biblical narrative, a few years later the elders of Israel decided to take the Ark onto the battlefield to assist them against the <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a>, having recently been defeated at the battle of <a href="/wiki/Eben-Ezer" title="Eben-Ezer">Eben-Ezer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were again heavily defeated, with the loss of 30,000 men. The Ark was captured by the Philistines, and Hophni and Phinehas were killed. The news of its capture was at once taken to Shiloh by a messenger "with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head". The old priest, Eli, fell dead when he heard it, and his daughter-in-law, bearing a son at the time the news of the Ark's capture was received, named him <a href="/wiki/Ichabod" title="Ichabod">Ichabod</a>—explained as "The glory has departed Israel" in reference to the loss of the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ichabod's mother died at his birth.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Philistines took the Ark to several places in their country, and at each place misfortune befell them.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Isdud">Ashdod</a> it was placed in the temple of <a href="/wiki/Dagon" title="Dagon">Dagon</a>. The next morning Dagon was found prostrate, bowed down, before it; and on being restored to his place, he was on the following morning again found prostrate and broken. The people of Ashdod were smitten with tumors; a plague of rodents was sent over the land. This may have been the <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Asense_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asense-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Freemon_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freemon-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The affliction of tumours was also visited upon the people of <a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a>, whither the Ark was successively removed.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_of_the_Ark_to_the_Israelites">Return of the Ark to the Israelites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return of the Ark to the Israelites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_-_Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Benjamin_West_-_Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/370px-Benjamin_West_-_Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Benjamin_West_-_Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/555px-Benjamin_West_-_Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Benjamin_West_-_Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/740px-Benjamin_West_-_Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5001" data-file-height="3409" /></a><figcaption><i>Joshua passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant</i> by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a>, 1800</figcaption></figure> <p>After the Ark had been among them for seven months, the Philistines, on the advice of their diviners, returned it to the Israelites, accompanying its return with an offering consisting of golden images of the tumors and mice wherewith they had been afflicted. The Ark was set up in the field of Joshua of <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a>, and the people of Beit Shemesh offered sacrifices and burnt offerings according to the first five verses of <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_6" title="1 Samuel 6">1 Samuel 6</a>. In verse 9, 1 Samuel 6 states that out of curiosity, the people of Beit Shemesh gazed at the Ark, and as a punishment, God struck down seventy of them (fifty thousand and seventy in some translations). The men of Beit Shemesh sent to <a href="/wiki/Kiriath-Jearim" title="Kiriath-Jearim">Qiryath Ye'arim</a> to have the Ark removed in verse 21, and it was taken to the house of <a href="/wiki/Abinadab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abinadab">Abinadab</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Eleazar,_son_of_Abinadab" title="Eleazar, son of Abinadab">son Eleazar</a> was sanctified to keep it. Qiryath Ye'arim remained the abode of the Ark for twenty years, according to <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_7" title="1 Samuel 7">1 Samuel 7</a>. </p><p>Under Saul, the Ark was with the army before he first met the <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a>, but the king was too impatient to consult it before engaging in battle. In <a href="/wiki/1_Chronicles_13" title="1 Chronicles 13">1 Chronicles 13</a>:3, it is stated that the people were not accustomed to consulting the Ark in the days of <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_the_reign_of_King_David">During the reign of King David</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: During the reign of King David"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morgan-bible-fl-39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Morgan-bible-fl-39.jpg/290px-Morgan-bible-fl-39.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Morgan-bible-fl-39.jpg/435px-Morgan-bible-fl-39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Morgan-bible-fl-39.jpg/580px-Morgan-bible-fl-39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Illustration from the 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Bible" title="Morgan Bible">Morgan Bible</a> of David bringing the Ark into Jerusalem (2 Samuel 6)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the biblical narrative, at the beginning of his reign over the <a href="/wiki/United_Monarchy_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="United Monarchy of Israel">United Monarchy</a>, King <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> removed the Ark from <a href="/wiki/Kirjath-jearim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirjath-jearim">Kirjath-jearim</a> amid great rejoicing. On the way to <a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzzah" title="Uzzah">Uzzah</a>, one of the drivers of the cart that carried the Ark, put out his hand to steady the Ark, and was struck dead by God for touching it. The place was subsequently named "<a href="/wiki/Perez-uzzah" class="mw-redirect" title="Perez-uzzah">Perez-Uzzah</a>", literally <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">outburst against Uzzah</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a result. David, in fear, carried the Ark aside into the house of <a href="/wiki/Obed-edom" class="mw-redirect" title="Obed-edom">Obed-edom</a> the <a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gittite</a>, instead of carrying it on to Zion, and it stayed there for three months.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On hearing that God had blessed Obed-edom because of the presence of the Ark in his house, David had the Ark brought to Zion by the Levites, while he himself, "girded with a linen <a href="/wiki/Ephod" title="Ephod">ephod</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] danced before the Lord with all his might" and in the sight of all the public gathered in Jerusalem, a performance which caused him to be scornfully rebuked by his first wife, Saul's daughter <a href="/wiki/Michal" title="Michal">Michal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Zion, David put the Ark in the tent he had prepared for it, offered sacrifices, distributed food, and blessed the people and his own household.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David used the tent as a personal place of prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Levites were appointed to minister before the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David's plan of building a temple for the Ark was stopped on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical prophet">prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ark was with the army during the siege of <a href="/wiki/Rabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbah">Rabbah</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and when David fled from Jerusalem at the time of <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a>'s conspiracy, the Ark was carried along with him until he ordered <a href="/wiki/Zadok_(High_Priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zadok (High Priest)">Zadok</a> the priest to return it to Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Temple_of_King_Solomon">The Temple of King Solomon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Temple of King Solomon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible,_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_(1922)_(14749899816).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/350px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/525px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/700px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Model of the First Temple, included in a Bible manual for teachers (1922)</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the Biblical narrative, when <a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a> was dismissed from the priesthood by King <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> for having taken part in <a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy (political)">conspiracy</a> against David, his life was spared because he had formerly borne the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solomon worshipped before the Ark after his dream in which God promised him wisdom.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the construction of <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a>, a special inner room, named <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kodesh_Hakodashim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodesh Hakodashim">Kodesh Hakodashim</a></i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>'), was prepared to receive and house the Ark;<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and when the Temple was dedicated, the Ark—containing the original <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">tablets</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>—was placed therein.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the priests emerged from the holy place after placing the Ark there, the Temple was filled with a cloud, "for the glory of the Lord had filled the house of the Lord".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Solomon married Pharaoh's daughter, he caused her to dwell in a house outside <a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a>, as Zion was consecrated because it contained the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Josiah also had the Ark returned to the Temple,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from which it appears to have been removed by one of his predecessors (cf. 2 Chronicles 33–34 and 2 Kings 21–23). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_the_reign_of_King_Hezekiah">During the reign of King Hezekiah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: During the reign of King Hezekiah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Folio_29r_-_The_Ark_of_God_Carried_into_the_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Folio_29r_-_The_Ark_of_God_Carried_into_the_Temple.jpg/220px-Folio_29r_-_The_Ark_of_God_Carried_into_the_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Folio_29r_-_The_Ark_of_God_Carried_into_the_Temple.jpg/330px-Folio_29r_-_The_Ark_of_God_Carried_into_the_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Folio_29r_-_The_Ark_of_God_Carried_into_the_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>The Ark carried into the Temple from the early 15th century <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_Duc_de_Berry" title="Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry">Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry</a></i></span></figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to king <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a> who is the last biblical figure mentioned as having seen the Ark, king <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> had seen the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hezekiah is also known for protecting <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Empire">Assyrian Empire</a> by improving the city walls and diverting the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Gihon_Spring" title="Gihon Spring">Gihon Spring</a> through a tunnel known today as <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah%27s_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hezekiah's Tunnel">Hezekiah's Tunnel</a>, which channeled the water inside the city walls to the <a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Siloam" title="Pool of Siloam">Pool of Siloam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a noncanonical text known as the Treatise of the Vessels, <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> is identified as one of the kings who had the Ark and the other treasures of <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> hidden during a time of crisis. This text lists the following hiding places, which it says were recorded on a bronze tablet: (1) a spring named Kohel or Kahal with pure water in a valley with a stopped-up gate; (2) a spring named Kotel (or "wall" in Hebrew); (3) a spring named Zedekiah; (4) an unidentified cistern; (5) Mount Carmel; and (6) locations in Babylon.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To many scholars, <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> is also credited as having written all or some of the Book of Kohelet (<a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a> in the Christian tradition), in particular the famously enigmatic epilogue.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, the epilogue appears to refer to the Ark story with references to almond blossoms (i.e., Aaron's rod), locusts, silver, and gold. The epilogue then cryptically refers to a pitcher broken at a fountain and a wheel broken at a cistern.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although scholars disagree on whether the Pool of Siloam's pure spring waters were used by pilgrims for ritual purification, many scholars agree that a stepped pilgrimage road between the pool and the Temple had been built in the first century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This roadway has been partially excavated, but the west side of the Pool of Siloam remains unexcavated.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_invasion_of_the_Kingdom_of_Babylon">The invasion of the Kingdom of Babylon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The invasion of the Kingdom of Babylon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 587 BC, when the <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonians</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">destroyed Jerusalem</a>, an ancient Greek version of the biblical third Book of Ezra, <a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a>, suggests that Babylonians took away the vessels of the ark of God, but does not mention taking away the Ark: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And they took all the holy vessels of the Lord, both great and small, with the vessels of the ark of God, and the king's treasures, and carried them away into Babylon<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic literature</a>, the final disposition of the Ark is disputed. Some rabbis hold that it must have been carried off to Babylon, while others hold that it must have been hidden lest it be carried off into Babylon and never brought back.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A late 2nd-century rabbinic work known as the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></i></span> states the opinions of these rabbis that <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>, the king of Judah, stored away the Ark, along with the jar of <a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">manna</a>, and a jar containing the holy anointing oil, the rod of Aaron which budded and a chest given to Israel by the Philistines.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_of_the_Kohathites">Service of the Kohathites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Service of the Kohathites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kohathites" title="Kohathites">Kohathites</a> were one of the <a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levite</a> houses from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Book of Numbers</a>. Theirs was the responsibility to care for "the most holy things" in the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">tabernacle</a>. When the camp, then wandering the Wilderness, set out the Kohathites would enter the tabernacle with Aaron and cover the ark with the screening curtain and "then they shall put on it a covering of fine leather, and spread over that a cloth all of blue, and shall put its poles in place." The ark was one of the items of the <a href="/wiki/Tent_of_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Tent of meeting">tent of meeting</a> that the Kohathites were responsible for carrying.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_tradition_on_location_today">Jewish tradition on location today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jewish tradition on location today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yoma" title="Yoma">Yoma</a><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggests that the Ark was removed from the Temple towards the end of the era of the First Temple and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> never housed it. According to one view, it was taken to <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> when <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Nebuchadnezzar conquered Jerusalem in 587 BCE</a>, exiling King <a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jeconiah</a> along with the upper classes.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another perspective proposes that <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>, king of Judah, hid the Ark in anticipation of the Temple's destruction. Where it was hidden remains uncertain. One account in the Talmud<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentions a priest's suspicion of a tampered stone in a chamber designated for wood storage, hinting at the Ark's concealment. </p><p>Alternatively, it's suggested that the Ark remained underground in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>. Some of the <a href="/wiki/Chazal" title="Chazal">Chazal</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Radak" class="mw-redirect" title="Radak">Radak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, propose that <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> designed tunnels beneath the Temple to safeguard the Ark that Josiah later used. Attempts to excavate this area have yielded little due to political sensitivities.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An opinion found in the <a href="/wiki/Chapters_of_2_Maccabees#Second_letter" title="Chapters of 2 Maccabees">II Maccabees 2:4-10</a>, asserts that <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> hid the Ark and other sacred items in a cave on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Nebo" title="Mount Nebo">Mount Nebo</a> (now in Jordan), anticipating the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian</a> invasion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology_and_historical_context">Archaeology and historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Archaeology and historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological evidence shows strong cultic activity at <a href="/wiki/Kiriath-Jearim" title="Kiriath-Jearim">Kiriath-Jearim</a> in the 8th and 7th centuries BC, well after the ark was supposedly removed from there to Jerusalem. In particular, archaeologists found a large elevated podium, associated with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Northern Kingdom</a> and not the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Southern Kingdom</a>, which may have been a shrine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R%C3%B6mer" title="Thomas Römer">Thomas Römer</a> suggests that this may indicate that the ark was not moved to Jerusalem until much later, possibly during the reign of <a href="/wiki/King_Josiah" class="mw-redirect" title="King Josiah">King Josiah</a> (reigned <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 640–609 BCE</span>). He notes that this might explain why the ark featured prominently in the history before Solomon, but not after. Additionally, 2 Chronicles 35:3<sup id="cite_ref-auto_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicates that it was moved during King Josiah's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-David_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yigal_Levin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yigal Levin (page does not exist)">Yigal Levin</a> argues that there is no evidence that Kiriath-Jearim was a cultic center in the monarchical era or that it ever housed any "temple of the Ark".<sup id="cite_ref-Levin_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 52, 57">: 52, 57 </span></sup> </p><p>Some scholars believe the story of the Ark was written independently around the <a href="/wiki/8th_century_BC" title="8th century BC">8th century BC</a> in a text referred to as the "Ark Narrative" and then incorporated into the main biblical narrative just before the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian exile">Babylonian exile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparks_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparks-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Römer also suggests that the ark may have originally carried sacred stones "of the kind found in the chests of pre-Islamic Bedouins" and speculates that these may have been either a statue of <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> or a pair of statues depicting both Yahweh and his companion goddess <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rö92_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rö92-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, Scott Noegel has argued that the parallels between the ark and these practices "remain unconvincing" in part because the Bedouin objects lack the ark's distinctive structure, function, and mode of transportation. Specifically, unlike the ark, the Bedouin chests "contained no box, no lid, and no poles," they did not serve as the throne or footstool of a god, they were not overlaid with gold, did not have <a href="/wiki/Kerubim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerubim">kerubim</a> figures upon them, there were no restrictions on who could touch them, and they were transported on horses or camels. </p><p>Noegel suggests that the ancient Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a> is a more plausible model for the Israelite ark, since Egyptian barques had all the features just mentioned. Noegel adds that the Egyptians also were known to place written covenants beneath the feet of statues, proving a further parallel to the placement of the covenantal tablets inside the ark.<sup id="cite_ref-Noegel_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noegel-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yigal Levin holds that some biblical texts suggest that the Ark of the Covenant was only one among many other different arks at regional shrines prior to the centralization of worship in Jerusalem,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although other scholars disagree.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While one author has questioned whether the Ark ever existed,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other scholars have defended its historicity and antiquity based on significant parallels with similar artifacts from <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="New Kingdom Egypt">New Kingdom Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_in_Abrahamic_religions">References in Abrahamic religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References in Abrahamic religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanakh">Tanakh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tanakh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Arch_Room_Ark_replica_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Royal_Arch_Room_Ark_replica_2.jpg/220px-Royal_Arch_Room_Ark_replica_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Royal_Arch_Room_Ark_replica_2.jpg/330px-Royal_Arch_Room_Ark_replica_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Royal_Arch_Room_Ark_replica_2.jpg/440px-Royal_Arch_Room_Ark_replica_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Replica of the Ark of the Covenant in <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">George Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Ark is first mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a> and then numerous times in <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="I Samuel">I Samuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/II_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="II Samuel">II Samuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="I Kings">I Kings</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="I Chronicles">I Chronicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/II_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="II Chronicles">II Chronicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Book of Jeremiah</a>, it is referenced by <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_(prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah (prophet)">Jeremiah</a>, who, speaking in the days of <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prophesied a future time, possibly the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">end of days</a>, when the Ark will no longer be talked about or be made use of again: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And it shall be that when you multiply and become fruitful in the land, in those days—the word of the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>—they will no longer say, 'The Ark of the Covenant of the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>' and it will not come to mind; they will not mention it, and will not recall it, and it will not be used any more.</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> comments on this verse that "The entire people will be so imbued with the spirit of sanctity that God's Presence will rest upon them collectively, as if the congregation itself was the Ark of the Covenant."<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Book_of_Maccabees">Second Book of Maccabees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Second Book of Maccabees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Second_Maccabees" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Maccabees">Second Maccabees</a>, at the beginning of chapter 2:<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The records show that it was the prophet Jeremiah who<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] prompted by a divine message<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] gave orders that the Tent of Meeting and the ark should go with him. Then he went away to the mountain from the top of which Moses saw God's promised land. When he reached the mountain, Jeremiah found a cave-dwelling; he carried the tent, the ark, and the incense-altar into it, then blocked up the entrance. Some of his companions came to mark out the way, but were unable to find it. When Jeremiah learnt of this he reprimanded them. "The place shall remain unknown", he said, "until God finally gathers his people together and shows mercy to them. The Lord will bring these things to light again, and the glory of the Lord will appear with the cloud, as it was seen both in the time of Moses and when Solomon prayed that the shrine might be worthily consecrated."</p></blockquote> <p>The "mountain from the top of which Moses saw God's promised land" would be <a href="/wiki/Mount_Nebo" title="Mount Nebo">Mount Nebo</a>, located in what is now <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samaritan_tradition">Samaritan tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Samaritan tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samaritan tradition claims that the Ark of the Covenant had been kept at a sanctuary on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mt. Gerizim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_physical_ark_of_the_Old_Testament">The physical ark of the Old Testament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The physical ark of the Old Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cath%C3%A9drale_d%27Auch_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cath%C3%A9drale_d%27Auch_20.jpg/220px-Cath%C3%A9drale_d%27Auch_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cath%C3%A9drale_d%27Auch_20.jpg/330px-Cath%C3%A9drale_d%27Auch_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cath%C3%A9drale_d%27Auch_20.jpg/440px-Cath%C3%A9drale_d%27Auch_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1415" /></a><figcaption>Carrying the Ark of the Covenant: gilded bas-relief at <a href="/wiki/Auch_Cathedral" title="Auch Cathedral">Auch Cathedral</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, the Ark is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_the_Hebrews" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter to the Hebrews">Letter to the Hebrews</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation to St. John</a>. Hebrews 9:4 states that the Ark contained "the golden pot that had <a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">manna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_rod" title="Aaron's rod">Aaron's rod</a> that budded, and the <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">tablets of the covenant</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Revelation%2011:19">Revelation 11:19</a> says the prophet saw God's temple in heaven opened, "and the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_as_the_“New_Ark”"><span id="The_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_as_the_.E2.80.9CNew_Ark.E2.80.9D"></span>The Blessed Virgin Mary as the “New Ark”</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The Blessed Virgin Mary as the “New Ark”"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>, the author's accounts of the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a> are constructed using eight points of literary parallelism to compare Mary to the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-Answers_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Answers-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contents of the ark are seen by theologians such as the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> as personified by Jesus Christ: the <a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">manna</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Eucharist" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Eucharist">Holy Eucharist</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_rod" title="Aaron's rod">Aaron's rod</a> as Jesus' eternal priestly authority; and the <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_the_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablets of the Law">tablets of the Law</a>, as the Lawgiver himself.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> scholars connect the pregnant, birthing <a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman of the Apocalypse</a> from <a href="/wiki/Revelation_12:1%E2%80%932" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation 12:1–2">Revelation 12:1-2</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholic)">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>, whom they identify as the "Ark of the New Covenant."<sup id="cite_ref-Answers_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Answers-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carrying the saviour of mankind within her, she herself became the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>. This is the interpretation given in the third century by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Thaumaturgus" title="Gregory Thaumaturgus">Gregory Thaumaturgus</a>, and in the fourth century by Saint <a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Saint Ephraem of Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Saint Augustine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> teaches that Mary is a metaphorical version of the ark: "Mary, in whom the Lord himself has just made his dwelling, is the <a href="/wiki/Daughter_of_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Daughter of Zion">daughter of Zion</a> in person, the ark of the covenant, <a href="/wiki/Shekhina" class="mw-redirect" title="Shekhina">the place where the glory of the Lord dwells</a>. She is 'the dwelling of God<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] with men."<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Saint Athanasius</a>, the bishop of Alexandria, is credited with writing about the connections between the Ark and the Virgin Mary: "O noble Virgin, truly you are greater than any other greatness. For who is your equal in greatness, O dwelling place of <a href="/wiki/God_the_Word" class="mw-redirect" title="God the Word">God the Word</a>? To whom among all creatures shall I compare you, O Virgin? You are greater than them all O (Ark of the) Covenant, clothed with purity instead of gold! You are the Ark in which is found the golden vessel containing the true manna, that is, the flesh in which Divinity resides" (<i>Homily of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papyrus_of_Turin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papyrus of Turin (page does not exist)">Papyrus of Turin</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Answers_109-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Answers-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quran">Quran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Quran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ark is referred to in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">Surah</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">Al-Baqara</a>: 248):<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Their prophet further told them, “The sign of Saul’s kingship is that the Ark will come to you—containing reassurance from your Lord and relics of the family of Moses and the family of Aaron, which will be carried by the angels. Surely in this is a sign for you, if you ˹truly˺ believe."</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Ark_in_other_faiths">The Ark in other faiths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: The Ark in other faiths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Uri_Rubin" title="Uri Rubin">Uri Rubin</a>, the Ark of the Covenant has a religious basis in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (and the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>), which gives it special significance.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Claims_of_current_status">Claims of current status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Claims of current status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="According_to_the_Book_of_Maccabees">According to the Book of Maccabees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: According to the Book of Maccabees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Book of <a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a> 2:4–10, written around 100 B.C. claims that the prophet <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>, following “being warned by God" before the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Babylonian invasion</a>, took the Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Altar of Incense, and buried them in a cave, informing those of his followers who wished to find the place that it should remain unknown "until the time that God should gather His people again together, and receive them unto mercy."<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ethiopia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ark_of_the_Covenant_church_in_Axum_Ethiopia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ark_of_the_Covenant_church_in_Axum_Ethiopia.jpg/220px-Ark_of_the_Covenant_church_in_Axum_Ethiopia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ark_of_the_Covenant_church_in_Axum_Ethiopia.jpg/330px-Ark_of_the_Covenant_church_in_Axum_Ethiopia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ark_of_the_Covenant_church_in_Axum_Ethiopia.jpg/440px-Ark_of_the_Covenant_church_in_Axum_Ethiopia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>The Chapel of the Tablet at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_Mary_of_Zion" title="Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion">Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a> allegedly houses the original Ark of the Covenant</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a> claims to possess the Ark of the Covenant in <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a>. The Ark is kept under guard in a treasury near the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_Mary_of_Zion" title="Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion">Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion</a>. Replicas of the tablets within the Ark, or <i><a href="/wiki/Tabot" title="Tabot">tabots</a></i>, are kept in every Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Each tabot is kept in its own holy of holies, each with its own dedication to a particular saint; the most popular of these include <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Mary">Saint Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Michael">Saint Michael</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-munro-hay_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munro-hay-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Kebra_Nagast" title="Kebra Nagast">Kebra Nagast</a></i> is often said to have been composed to legitimise the <a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a>, which ruled the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> following its establishment in 1270, but this is not the case. It was originally composed in some other language (Coptic or Greek), then translated into Arabic, and translated into <a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez" title="Geʽez">Geʽez</a> in 1321.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It narrates how the Ark of the Covenant was brought to Ethiopia by <a href="/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I">Menelik I</a> with divine assistance, while a forgery was left in the Temple in Jerusalem. Although the <i>Kebra Nagast</i> is the best-known account of this belief, the belief predates the document. <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Makarim" title="Abu al-Makarim">Abu al-Makarim</a>, writing in the last quarter of the twelfth century, makes one early reference to this belief that they possessed the Ark. "The Abyssinians possess also the Ark of the Covenant", he wrote, and, after a description of the object, describes how the liturgy is celebrated upon the Ark four times a year, "on the feast of the great nativity, on the feast of the glorious Baptism, on the feast of the holy Resurrection, and on the feast of the illuminating Cross."<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his controversial 1992 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_and_the_Seal" title="The Sign and the Seal">The Sign and the Seal</a></i>, British writer <a href="/wiki/Graham_Hancock" title="Graham Hancock">Graham Hancock</a> reports on the Ethiopian belief that the ark spent several years in Egypt before it came to Ethiopia via the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile River</a>, where it was kept on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tana" title="Lake Tana">Lake Tana</a> for about four hundred years and finally taken to Axum.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaeologist John Holladay of the University of Toronto called Hancock's theory "garbage and hogwash"; <a href="/wiki/Edward_Ullendorff" title="Edward Ullendorff">Edward Ullendorff</a>, a former professor of Ethiopian Studies at the University of London, said he "wasted a lot of time reading it." In a 1992 interview, Ullendorff says that he examined the ark held in the church in Axum in 1941. Describing the ark there, he says, "They have a wooden box, but it's empty. Middle- to late-medieval construction, when these were fabricated ad hoc."<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 June 2009, the patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Ethiopia, <a href="/wiki/Abune_Paulos" title="Abune Paulos">Abune Paulos</a>, said he would announce to the world the next day the unveiling of the Ark of the Covenant, which he said had been kept safe and secure in a church in Axum.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, he announced that he would not unveil the Ark after all, but that instead he could attest to its current status.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_Africa">Southern Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Southern Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba people</a> of South Africa and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> have claimed that their ancestors carried the Ark south, calling it the <i>ngoma lungundu</i> "<a href="/wiki/Voice_of_God" title="Voice of God">voice of God</a>", eventually hiding it in a deep cave in the Dumghe mountains, their spiritual home.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 April 2008, in a UK <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> documentary, <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Parfitt" title="Tudor Parfitt">Tudor Parfitt</a>, taking a literalist approach to the Biblical story, described his research into this claim. He says that the object described by the Lemba has attributes similar to the Ark. It was of similar size, was carried on poles by priests, was not allowed to touch the ground, was revered as a voice of their God, and was used as a weapon of great power, sweeping enemies aside.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his book <i>The Lost Ark of the Covenant</i> (2008), Parfitt also suggests that the Ark was taken to Arabia following the events depicted in the Second Book of Maccabees, and cites Arabic sources which maintain it was brought in distant times to <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. Genetic <a href="/wiki/Y-DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-DNA">Y-DNA</a> analyses in the 2000s have established a partially Middle-Eastern origin for a portion of the male Lemba population but no specific Jewish connection.<sup id="cite_ref-SpurdleJenkins_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpurdleJenkins-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lemba tradition maintains that the Ark spent some time in a place called Sena, which might be <a href="/wiki/Sena,_Yemen" title="Sena, Yemen">Sena, Yemen</a>. Later, it was taken across the sea to <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> and may have been taken inland at the time of <a href="/wiki/Great_Zimbabwe" title="Great Zimbabwe">Great Zimbabwe</a>. According to their oral traditions, it self-destructed sometime after the Lemba's arrival with the Ark. Using a core from the original, the Lemba priests constructed a new one. This replica was discovered in a cave by a Swedish-German missionary named <a href="/wiki/Harald_Philip_Hans_von_Sicard" title="Harald Philip Hans von Sicard">Harald Philip Hans von Sicard</a> in the 1940s and eventually found its way to the Museum of Human Science in <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-time_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rome">Rome</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2nd century Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Jos%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliezer ben José">Eliezer ben José</a> claimed that he saw somewhere in Rome the <a href="/wiki/Mercy-seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercy-seat">mercy-seat</a> lid of the ark. According to his account, a bloodstain was present and was told that it was a stain from the blood which the Jewish high priest sprinkled thereon on the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Atonement" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Atonement">Day of Atonement</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accordingly, another tale claims that the Ark was kept within the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Saint John Lateran">Basilica of Saint John Lateran</a>, surviving the pillages of Rome by King of the Visigoths <a href="/wiki/Alaric_I" title="Alaric I">Alaric I</a> and King of the Vandals <a href="/wiki/Gaiseric" title="Gaiseric">Gaiseric</a> but was eventually lost when the basilica burned in the fifth century.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1899 and 1902, the <a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British-Israel</a> Association of London carried out limited excavations of the <a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Tara" title="Hill of Tara">Hill of Tara</a> in Ireland looking for the Ark of the Covenant. The <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish nationalists">Irish nationalists</a> including <a href="/wiki/Maud_Gonne" title="Maud Gonne">Maud Gonne</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_Ireland" title="Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland">Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland</a> (RSAI) campaigned successfully to have them stopped before they destroyed the hill.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-it_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A non-invasive survey by archaeologist Conor Newman carried out from 1992 until 1995 found no evidence of the Ark.<sup id="cite_ref-it_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British Israelites believed that the Ark was located at the grave of the Egyptian princess <a href="/wiki/Tea_Tephi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea Tephi">Tea Tephi</a>, who according to Irish legend came to Ireland in the 6th century BC and married Irish King <a href="/wiki/%C3%89rim%C3%B3n" title="Érimón">Érimón</a>. Because of the historical importance of Tara, Irish nationalists like <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a> and <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a> voiced their protests in newspapers and in 1902 Maud Gonne led a protest against the excavations at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature_and_the_arts">In literature and the arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: In literature and the arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Philip_Kaufman" title="Philip Kaufman">Philip Kaufman</a> conceived of the Ark of the Covenant as the main <a href="/wiki/Plot_device" title="Plot device">plot device</a> of <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>'s 1981 <a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">adventure film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it is found by <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(character)" title="Indiana Jones (character)">Indiana Jones</a> in the Egyptian city of <a href="/wiki/Tanis" title="Tanis">Tanis</a> in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2020, a prop version made for the film (which does not actually appear onscreen) was featured on television series <i><a href="/wiki/Antiques_Roadshow" title="Antiques Roadshow">Antiques Roadshow</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Danish family film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Treasure_of_the_Knights_Templar" title="The Lost Treasure of the Knights Templar">The Lost Treasure of the Knights Templar</a></i> from 2006, the main part of the treasure found in the end is the Ark of the Covenant. The power of the Ark comes from static electricity stored in separated metal plates like a giant <a href="/wiki/Leyden_jar" title="Leyden jar">Leyden jar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Harry_Turtledove" title="Harry Turtledove">Harry Turtledove</a>'s novel <i>Alpha and Omega</i> (2019) the ark is found by archeologists, and the characters have to deal with the proven existence of God.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ark has been depicted many times in art for two thousand years, some examples are in the article above, a few more are here. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_(_Ark_of_the_covenant_)_to_Axum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The legendary Emperor Menelik I of Ethiopia (traditionally fl. tenth century BCE) carries the Ark (shown here as small) into Axum."><img alt="T" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg/180px-Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg/270px-Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg/360px-Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="618" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The legendary <a href="/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I">Emperor Menelik I of Ethiopia</a> (traditionally fl. tenth century BCE) carries the Ark (shown here as small) into <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joshua passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant. 1800, oil on wood, Benjamin West. Held at Art Gallery of New South Wales."><img alt="Joshua passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant. 1800, oil on wood, Benjamin West. Held at Art Gallery of New South Wales." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Joshua_passing_the_River_Jordan_with_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1667" data-file-height="1028" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Joshua passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant. 1800, oil on wood, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a>. Held at <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales" title="Art Gallery of New South Wales">Art Gallery of New South Wales</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Philistines_Place_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Temple_of_Dagon_MET_DP819518.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Philistines Place the Ark of the Covenant in a Temple of their god Dagon. c. 1450, Battista Franco Veneziano. Held at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York."><img alt="J" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/The_Philistines_Place_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Temple_of_Dagon_MET_DP819518.jpg/180px-The_Philistines_Place_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Temple_of_Dagon_MET_DP819518.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/The_Philistines_Place_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Temple_of_Dagon_MET_DP819518.jpg/270px-The_Philistines_Place_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Temple_of_Dagon_MET_DP819518.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/The_Philistines_Place_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Temple_of_Dagon_MET_DP819518.jpg/360px-The_Philistines_Place_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_in_the_Temple_of_Dagon_MET_DP819518.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3704" data-file-height="2390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a> Place the Ark of the Covenant in a Temple of their god <a href="/wiki/Dagon" title="Dagon">Dagon</a>. c. 1450, <a href="/wiki/Battista_Franco_Veneziano" title="Battista Franco Veneziano">Battista Franco Veneziano</a>. Held at <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ark_of_the_Covenant_(Erastus_Salisbury_Field).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ark of the Covenant. Painted between 1865 and 1880, Erastus Salisbury Field. Held at American National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C."><img alt="Ark of the Covenant. Painted between 1865 and 1880, Erastus Salisbury Field. Held at American National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28Erastus_Salisbury_Field%29.jpg/180px-Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28Erastus_Salisbury_Field%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28Erastus_Salisbury_Field%29.jpg/270px-Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28Erastus_Salisbury_Field%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28Erastus_Salisbury_Field%29.jpg/360px-Ark_of_the_Covenant_%28Erastus_Salisbury_Field%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2941" data-file-height="2357" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ark of the Covenant. Painted between 1865 and 1880, <a href="/wiki/Erastus_Salisbury_Field" title="Erastus Salisbury Field">Erastus Salisbury Field</a>. Held at American <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, Washington D.C.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Levites_led_by_David_carry_the_Ark_of_God_to_Zion,_from_the_Olomouc_Bible,_Part_I,_folio_279v_(Bible_Olomouck%C3%A1,_I._d%C3%ADl,_I._1417,_p._279v)_sharpened.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1417 A.D. The Levites, led by King David, carry the Ark of God to Zion, from the Olomouc Bible, Part I, folio 279v, held at the Scientific Library, Olomouc, Czech Republic."><img alt="1417 A.D. The Levites, led by King David, carry the Ark of God to Zion, from the Olomouc Bible, Part I, folio 279v, held at the Scientific Library, Olomouc, Czech Republic." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Levites_led_by_David_carry_the_Ark_of_God_to_Zion%2C_from_the_Olomouc_Bible%2C_Part_I%2C_folio_279v_%28Bible_Olomouck%C3%A1%2C_I._d%C3%ADl%2C_I._1417%2C_p._279v%29_sharpened.jpg/180px-The_Levites_led_by_David_carry_the_Ark_of_God_to_Zion%2C_from_the_Olomouc_Bible%2C_Part_I%2C_folio_279v_%28Bible_Olomouck%C3%A1%2C_I._d%C3%ADl%2C_I._1417%2C_p._279v%29_sharpened.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Levites_led_by_David_carry_the_Ark_of_God_to_Zion%2C_from_the_Olomouc_Bible%2C_Part_I%2C_folio_279v_%28Bible_Olomouck%C3%A1%2C_I._d%C3%ADl%2C_I._1417%2C_p._279v%29_sharpened.jpg/270px-The_Levites_led_by_David_carry_the_Ark_of_God_to_Zion%2C_from_the_Olomouc_Bible%2C_Part_I%2C_folio_279v_%28Bible_Olomouck%C3%A1%2C_I._d%C3%ADl%2C_I._1417%2C_p._279v%29_sharpened.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Levites_led_by_David_carry_the_Ark_of_God_to_Zion%2C_from_the_Olomouc_Bible%2C_Part_I%2C_folio_279v_%28Bible_Olomouck%C3%A1%2C_I._d%C3%ADl%2C_I._1417%2C_p._279v%29_sharpened.jpg/360px-The_Levites_led_by_David_carry_the_Ark_of_God_to_Zion%2C_from_the_Olomouc_Bible%2C_Part_I%2C_folio_279v_%28Bible_Olomouck%C3%A1%2C_I._d%C3%ADl%2C_I._1417%2C_p._279v%29_sharpened.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1417 A.D. The Levites, led by <a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a>, carry the Ark of God to Zion, from the <i><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_olomouck%C3%A1" class="extiw" title="cs:Bible olomoucká">Olomouc Bible</a></i>, Part I, folio 279v, held at the <a href="/wiki/Research_Library_in_Olomouc" title="Research Library in Olomouc">Scientific Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a>, Czech Republic.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yom_HaAliyah">Yom HaAliyah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Yom HaAliyah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaAliyah" title="Yom HaAliyah">Yom HaAliyah</a> (Aliyah Day) (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">יום העלייה</span>) is an Israeli national holiday celebrated annually on the tenth of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> month of <a href="/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan">Nisan</a> to commemorate the Israelites crossing the Jordan River into the Land of Israel while carrying the Ark of the Covenant.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copper_Scroll" title="Copper Scroll">Copper Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artifacts_in_biblical_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="List of artifacts in biblical archaeology">List of artifacts in biblical archaeology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Exodus_Decoded" title="The Exodus Decoded">The Exodus Decoded</a></i> (2006 television documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">History of ancient Israel and Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_symbolism" title="Jewish symbolism">Jewish symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoshi" title="Mikoshi">Mikoshi</a>, a portable Shinto shrine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gihon_Spring" title="Gihon Spring">Gihon Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">Temple menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Siloam" title="Pool of Siloam">Pool of Siloam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siloam_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Siloam Tunnel">Siloam Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Hebrew language">Biblical Hebrew</a>: <span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית</span>‎</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">ʾĂrōn haBǝrīṯ</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Koin%C4%93_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinē Greek language">Koinē Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Κιβωτὸς τῆς Διαθήκης</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Koinē Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Kībōtòs tês Diathḗkēs</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez language">Ge'ez</a>: <span lang="gez">ታቦት</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Ge'ez-language romanization"><i lang="gez-Latn">tābōt</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Standard_Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Arabic language">Standard Arabic</a>: <span lang="arb" dir="rtl">التابوت</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Standard Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="arb-Latn">Al-Tābūt</i></span>;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אֲרוֹן הָעֵדוּת</span>‎</span></span>, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">ʾĂrōn hāʿĒdūṯ</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אֲרוֹן־יְהוָה</span>‎</span></span>, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">ʾĂrōn-<a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a></i></span> or <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אֲרוֹן הָאֱלֹהִים</span>‎</span></span>, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">ʾĂrōn hāʾ<a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Ĕlōhīm</a></i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Bethel' is translated as 'the House of God' in the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ark is mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a></i> (1989) and briefly appears in <i><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Kingdom_of_the_Crystal_Skull" title="Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull">Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull</a></i> (2008).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+16-18&version=NLT">"Bible Gateway passage: 1 Chronicles 16–18 – New Living Translation"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+1+Chronicles+16%E2%80%9318+%E2%80%93+New+Living+Translation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D1%2BChronicles%2B16-18%26version%3DNLT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+3%3A3&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: 1 Samuel 3:3 – New International Version"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+1+Samuel+3%3A3+%E2%80%93+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D1%2BSamuel%2B3%253A3%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2040:20&version=nrsv">Exodus 40:20</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%208:9&version=nrsv">1 Kings 8:9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2016:33&version=nrsv">Exodus 16:33</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Numbers%2017:6–11&version=nrsv">Numbers 17:6–11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%209:4&version=nrsv">Hebrews 9:4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckerman2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Ackerman_(biblical_scholar)" title="Susan Ackerman (biblical scholar)">Ackerman, Susan</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA102">"Ark of the Covenant"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/David_Noel_Freedman" title="David Noel Freedman">Freedman, David Noel</a>; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. <a href="/wiki/Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Eerdmans">Eerdmans</a>. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-503-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-503-2"><bdi>978-90-5356-503-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ark+of+the+Covenant&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-5356-503-2&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0603.htm#4">Joshua 3:4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0225.htm#22">Exodus 25:22</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yigal Levin, “One Ark, Two Arks, Three Arks, More? The Many Arks of Ancient Israel,” in Epigraphy, Iconography and the Bible, ed., Meir and Edith Lubetski (Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2021).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levin-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levin_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levin_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2021" class="citation journal cs1">Levin, Yigal (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/63508149">"Was Kiriath-jearim in Judah or in Benjamin?"</a>. <i>Israel Exploration Journal</i>. <b>71</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">43–</span>63. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-2059">0021-2059</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27100296">27100296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=Was+Kiriath-jearim+in+Judah+or+in+Benjamin%3F&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27100296%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0021-2059&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Yigal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F63508149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRömer2023" class="citation journal cs1">Römer, Thomas (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/99766658/T_RöMER_The_mysteries_of_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_Studia_Theologica_Nordic_Journal_of_Theology_DOI_10_1080_0039338X_2023_2167861_2023_1_17">"The mysteries of the Ark of the Covenant"</a>. <i>Studia Theologica - Nordic Journal of Theology</i>. <b>77</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">169–</span>185. <q>we can conﬁrm…that the original Ark contained a statue of Yhwh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Theologica+-+Nordic+Journal+of+Theology&rft.atitle=The+mysteries+of+the+Ark+of+the+Covenant&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E185&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=R%C3%B6mer&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F99766658%2FT_R%C3%B6MER_The_mysteries_of_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_Studia_Theologica_Nordic_Journal_of_Theology_DOI_10_1080_0039338X_2023_2167861_2023_1_17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-David-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-David_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-David_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid2017" class="citation news cs1">David, Ariel (30 Aug 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/MAGAZINE-the-real-ark-of-the-covenant-may-have-housed-pagan-gods-1.5446116">"The Real Ark of the Covenant may have Housed Pagan Gods"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+Real+Ark+of+the+Covenant+may+have+Housed+Pagan+Gods&rft.date=2017-08-30&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Farchaeology%2FMAGAZINE-the-real-ark-of-the-covenant-may-have-housed-pagan-gods-1.5446116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rö92-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rö92_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rö92_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Römer, <i>The Invention of God</i> (Harvard University Press, 2015), p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noegel-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Noegel_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noegel_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott Noegel, "The Egyptian Origin of the Ark of the Covenant" in Thomas E. Levy, Thomas Schneider, and William H. C. Propp (eds.), <i>Israel's Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective</i> (Springer, 2015), pp. 223–242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0219.htm#20">Exodus 19:20</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0224.htm#18">Exodus 24:18</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bibleverse||Exodus|25:10|HE-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bibleverse||Exodus|25:10|HE_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibleverse||Exodus|25:10|HE_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0225.htm#10">Exodus 25:10</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0231.htm#1">Exodus 31</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sigurd Grindheim, <i>Introducing Biblical Theology</i>, Bloomsbury Publishing, United Kingdom, 2013, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Ponessa, Laurie Watson Manhardt, <i>Moses and The Torah: Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy</i>, pp. 85–86 (Emmaus Road Publishing, 2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931018-45-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931018-45-6">978-1-931018-45-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0225.htm#1">Exodus 25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblestudytools.com/exodus/25-12-compare.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Four feet"; see Exodus 25:12, majority of translations. "Four corners" in King James Version"</a>. Biblestudytools.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Four+feet%22%3B+see+Exodus+25%3A12%2C+majority+of+translations.+%22Four+corners%22+in+King+James+Version&rft.pub=Biblestudytools.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblestudytools.com%2Fexodus%2F25-12-compare.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%203:3&version=nrsv">Joshua 3:3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%206&version=nrsv">Joshua 6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%203:15–17&version=nrsv">Joshua 3:15–17</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%204:10&version=nrsv">Joshua 4:10</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%2011&version=nrsv">Joshua 11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%2018&version=nrsv">Joshua 18</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%204:1–9&version=nrsv">Joshua 4:1–9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%206:4–15&version=nrsv">Joshua 6:4–15</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%206:16–20&version=nrsv">Joshua 6:16–20</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua%207:6–9&version=nrsv">Josh 7:6–9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Joshua+7:6%E2%80%939&version=nrsv">"oremus Bible Browser : Joshua 7:6–9"</a>. <i>bible.oremus.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bible.oremus.org&rft.atitle=oremus+Bible+Browser+%3A+Joshua+7%3A6%E2%80%939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbible.oremus.org%2F%3Fpassage%3DJoshua%2B7%3A6%25E2%2580%25939%26version%3Dnrsv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Judges%2020:26&version=nrsv">Judges 20:26f</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%203:3&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 3:3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%204:3&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 4:3f</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%204:3–11&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 4:3–11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%204:12–22&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 4:12–22</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%204:20&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 4:20</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%205:1–6&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 5:1–6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asense-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asense_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsensiFierer2018" class="citation journal cs1">Asensi, Victor; Fierer, Joshua (January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5749463">"Of Rats and Men: Poussin's Plague at Ashdod"</a>. <i>Emerging Infectious Diseases</i>. <b>24</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">186–</span>187. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3201%2Feid2401.AC2401">10.3201/eid2401.AC2401</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1080-6040">1080-6040</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5749463">5749463</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Of+Rats+and+Men%3A+Poussin%27s+Plague+at+Ashdod&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E186-%3C%2Fspan%3E187&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5749463%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1080-6040&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3201%2Feid2401.AC2401&rft.aulast=Asensi&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.au=Fierer%2C+Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5749463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freemon-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Freemon_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreemon2005" class="citation journal cs1">Freemon, Frank R. (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1199652">"Bubonic plague in the Book of Samuel"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</i>. <b>98</b> (9): 436. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F014107680509800923">10.1177/014107680509800923</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0141-0768">0141-0768</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1199652">1199652</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16140864">16140864</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Bubonic+plague+in+the+Book+of+Samuel&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=436&rft.date=2005-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1199652%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0141-0768&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16140864&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F014107680509800923&rft.aulast=Freemon&rft.aufirst=Frank+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1199652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%206:5&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 6:5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%205:8–12&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 5:8–12</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+6:8&version=nkjv">2 Samuel 6:8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%206:1–11&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 6:1–11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2013:1–13&version=nrsv">1 Chronicles 13:1–13</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%206:12–16&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 6:12–16</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%206:20–22&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 6:20–22</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2015&version=nrsv">1 Chronicles 15</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%206:17–20&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 6:17–20</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2016:1–3&version=nrsv">1 Chronicles 16:1–3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%201:4&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 1:4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2017:16&version=nrsv">1 Chronicles 17:16</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, W. E. (1899), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/1_chronicles/17.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools on 1 Chronicles 17</a>, accessed 22 February 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2016:4&version=nrsv">1 Chronicles 16:4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%207:1–17&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 7:1–17</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2017:1–15&version=nrsv">1 Chronicles 17:1–15</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2028:2&version=nrsv">1 Chronicles 28:2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Chronicles%203&version=nrsv">1 Chronicles 3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2011:11&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 11:11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2015:24–29&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 15:24–29</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%202:26&version=nrsv">1 Kings 2:26</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%203:15&version=nrsv">1 Kings 3:15</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%206:19&version=nrsv">1 Kings 6:19</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%208:6–9&version=nrsv">1 Kings 8:6–9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%208:10&version=nrsv">1 Kings 8:10·11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%205:13&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 5:13</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2014&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 14</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%208:11&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 8:11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2035:3&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 35:3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Isaiah%2037:14–17&version=nrsv">Isaiah 37:14–17</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2019:14–19&version=nrsv">2 Kings 19:14–19</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2032:3–5&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 32:3–5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davila, J., <i>The Treatise of the Vessels (Massekhet Kelim): A New Translation and Introduction</i>, p. 626 (2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quackenbos, D., Recovering an Ancient Tradition: Toward an Understanding of Hezekiah as the Author of Ecclesiastes, pp. 238–253 (2019).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt3112.htm#5">Ecclesiastes 12:5–6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTercatin2021" class="citation web cs1">Tercatin, R. (2021-05-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/second-temple-period-lucky-lump-found-on-jerusalems-pilgrimage-road-667255">"Second Temple period 'lucky lamp' found on Jerusalem's Pilgrimage Road"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Second+Temple+period+%27lucky+lamp%27+found+on+Jerusalem%27s+Pilgrimage+Road&rft.date=2021-05-05&rft.aulast=Tercatin&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Farchaeology%2Fsecond-temple-period-lucky-lump-found-on-jerusalems-pilgrimage-road-667255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szanton, N.; Uziel, J. (2016), "Jerusalem, City of David [stepped street dig, July 2013 – end 2014], Preliminary Report (21/08/2016)". Hadashot Arkheologiyot. Israel Antiquities Authority, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25046&mag_id=124">http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25046&mag_id=124</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Esdras%201:54&version=nrsvae">1 Esdras 1:54</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1777-ark-of-the-covenant#anchor10">"Ark of the Covenant"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ark+of+the+Covenant&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F1777-ark-of-the-covenant%23anchor10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tosefta (<i>Sotah</i> 13:1); cf. <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<i>Kereithot</i> 5b).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Numbers%204:5&version=nrsv">Numbers 4:5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Yoma 52b, 53b-54a</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoma+52b%2C+53b-54a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Isaiah 39:6</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isaiah+39%3A6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54a.7?lang=bi">"Yoma 54a:7"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Yoma+54a%3A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FYoma.54a.7%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halakhah.com/pdf/moed/Yoma.pdf"><i>Yoma 54a, 157/271, text accompanying notes 13-15</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoma+54a%2C+157%2F271%2C+text+accompanying+notes+13-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhalakhah.com%2Fpdf%2Fmoed%2FYoma.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Citing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Shekalim.6.2?lang=bi">Mishnah Shekalim 6.2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/II_Chronicles.35.3?lang=bi&with=Radak&lang2=bi">"II Chronicles 35:3"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=II+Chronicles+35%3A3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FII_Chronicles.35.3%3Flang%3Dbi%26with%3DRadak%26lang2%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Citing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.52b.12?lang=bi">Yoma 52b.11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1007197/jewish/Beit-Habechirah-Chapter-4.htm">"Beit Habechirah - Chapter 4 - Chabad.org"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beit+Habechirah+-+Chapter+4+-+Chabad.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F1007197%2Fjewish%2FBeit-Habechirah-Chapter-4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparks-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparks_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. L. Sparks, "Ark of the Covenant" in Bill T. Arnold and H. G. M. Williamson (eds.), <i>Dictionary of the Old Testament: Historical Books</i> (InterVarsity Press, 2005), p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yigal Levin, “One Ark, Two Arks, Three Arks, More? The Many Arks of Ancient Israel,” in <i>Epigraphy, Iconography and the Bible</i>, ed., Meir and Edith Lubetski (Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2021).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichler2021" class="citation book cs1">Eichler, Raanan (2021). <i>The Ark and the Cherubim</i>. Mohr Siebeck. pp. <span class="nowrap">4–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-155432-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-155432-2"><bdi>978-3-16-155432-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ark+and+the+Cherubim&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-3-16-155432-2&rft.aulast=Eichler&rft.aufirst=Raanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clifford Mark McCormick. Palace and Temple: A Study of Architectural and Verbal Icons (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, 313). pp. 169-190. De Gruyter. 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalk2020" class="citation book cs1">Falk, David A. (2020). <i>The Ark of the Covenant in Its Egyptian Context: An Illustrated Journey</i>. Hendrickson Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68307-267-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68307-267-6"><bdi>978-1-68307-267-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ark+of+the+Covenant+in+Its+Egyptian+Context%3A+An+Illustrated+Journey&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-68307-267-6&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichler2021" class="citation book cs1">Eichler, Raanan (2021). <i>The Ark and the Cherubim</i>. Forschungen zum Alten Testament. Vol. 146. Mohr Siebeck. pp. <span class="nowrap">302–</span>304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-155432-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-155432-2"><bdi>978-3-16-155432-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ark+and+the+Cherubim&rft.series=Forschungen+zum+Alten+Testament&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E302-%3C%2Fspan%3E304&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-3-16-155432-2&rft.aulast=Eichler&rft.aufirst=Raanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Jeremiah%203:16&version=nrsv">Jeremiah 3:16</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Jeremiah 3:16, Tanach</i>. Brooklyn, New York: ArtScroll. p. 1078.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jeremiah+3%3A16%2C+Tanach&rft.place=Brooklyn%2C+New+York&rft.pages=1078&rft.pub=ArtScroll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Maccabees+2:4–8&version=dra">2 Maccabees 2:4–8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatassa" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Matassa, Lidia Domenica. "Samaritans History". In Skolnik, Fred; Michael Berenbaum (eds.). <i>ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA</i>. Vol. 17 Ra–Sam (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 719. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865945-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865945-9"><bdi>978-0-02-865945-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samaritans+History&rft.btitle=ENCYCLOPAEDIA+JUDAICA&rft.pages=719&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865945-9&rft.aulast=Matassa&rft.aufirst=Lidia+Domenica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Hebrews%209:4">Hebrews 9:4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Answers-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Answers_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Answers_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Answers_109-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ray, Steve (October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629002717/http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/2005/0510fea5.asp">"Mary, the Ark of the New Covenant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/This_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="This Rock">This Rock</a></i>. <b>16</b> (8). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/2005/0510fea5.asp">the original</a> on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=This+Rock&rft.atitle=Mary%2C+the+Ark+of+the+New+Covenant&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.date=2005-10&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.com%2Fthisrock%2F2005%2F0510fea5.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stpaulcenter.com/holy-queen-lesson-3-1/">"Holy Queen, Lesson 3.1"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holy+Queen%2C+Lesson+3.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstpaulcenter.com%2Fholy-queen-lesson-3-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01721a.htm">"Ark of the Covenant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-18</span></span> – via New Advent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ark+of+the+Covenant&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F01721a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeingold2018" class="citation book cs1">Feingold, Lawrence (2018-04-01). "2". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NdOVDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Eucharist: Mystery of Presence, Sacrifice, and Communion</i></a>. Emmaus Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-945125-74-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-945125-74-4"><bdi>978-1-945125-74-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2&rft.btitle=The+Eucharist%3A+Mystery+of+Presence%2C+Sacrifice%2C+and+Communion&rft.pub=Emmaus+Academic&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1-945125-74-4&rft.aulast=Feingold&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNdOVDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Michael Lindsey, <i>The Woman and The Dragon: Apparitions of Mary</i>, p. 21 (Pelican Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2000). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56554-731-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56554-731-4">1-56554-731-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dwight Longenecker, David Gustafson, <i>Mary: A Catholic Evangelical Debate</i>, p. 32 (Gracewing, 2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85244-582-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-85244-582-2">0-85244-582-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Publishing_House" title="Vatican Publishing House">Libreria Editrice Vaticana</a>. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P9F.HTM#:~:text=2676%20">Paragraph 2676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.pages=Paragraph+2676&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Libreria+Editrice+Vaticana&rft.date=2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/al-baqarah/248">"Surah Al-Baqarah – 248"</a>. <i>Quran.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quran.com&rft.atitle=Surah+Al-Baqarah+%E2%80%93+248&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquran.com%2Fal-baqarah%2F248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2001" class="citation web cs1">Rubin, Uri (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urirubin.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Ark_of_Covenant.86223711.pdf">"Traditions in Transformation: The Ark of the Covenant and the Golden Calf in Biblical and Islamic Historiography"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.urirubin.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Ark_of_Covenant.86223711.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditions+in+Transformation%3A+The+Ark+of+the+Covenant+and+the+Golden+Calf+in+Biblical+and+Islamic+Historiography&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urirubin.com%2Fyahoo_site_admin%2Fassets%2Fdocs%2FArk_of_Covenant.86223711.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibref.hebtools.com/bibref.php?book=Deuteronomy&verse=34%3A1-3&src=1000">Deuteronomy 34:1–3</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibref.hebtools.com/bibref.php?book=2Maccabees&verse=2%3A4-8&src=1000">2 Maccabees 2:4–8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-munro-hay-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-munro-hay_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart Munro-Hay, 2005, <i>The Quest for the Ark of the Covenant</i>, Tauris (reviewed in <i>Times Literary Supplement</i> 19 August 2005 p. 36).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaffaele" class="citation web cs1">Raffaele, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/keepers-of-the-lost-ark-179998820/">"Keepers of the lost Ark?"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Keepers+of+the+lost+Ark%3F&rft.aulast=Raffaele&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Ftravel%2Fkeepers-of-the-lost-ark-179998820%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bezold, Carl. 1905. Kebra Nagast, die Kerrlichkeit der Könige: Nach den Handschriften in Berlin, London, Oxford und Paris. München: K.B. Akademie der Wissenschaften.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. T. A. Evetts (translator), <i>The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighboring Countries attributed to Abu Salih, the Armenian</i>, with added notes by Alfred J. Butler (Oxford, 1895), p. 287f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHancock1992" class="citation book cs1">Hancock, Graham (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/signsealquestfor00hanc_0"><i>The Sign and the Seal: The Quest for the Lost Ark of the Covenant</i></a>. 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The Power and the Presence</i></a>. Kindred Productions. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-921788-91-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-921788-91-1"><bdi>978-0-921788-91-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Am..+The+Power+and+the+Presence&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Kindred+Productions&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-921788-91-1&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft.au=Graham%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCGX7BQV0jo8C%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInsdorf2012" class="citation book cs1">Insdorf, Annette (15 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-fYYc97uaIC"><i>Philip Kaufman</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09397-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09397-5"><bdi>978-0-252-09397-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philip+Kaufman&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft.isbn=978-0-252-09397-5&rft.aulast=Insdorf&rft.aufirst=Annette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY-fYYc97uaIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLoughlin2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_McLoughlin" title="Tom McLoughlin">McLoughlin, Tom</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NzBADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT66"><i>A Strange Idea of Entertainment – Conversations with Tom McLoughlin</i></a>. BearManor Media. p. 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Strange+Idea+of+Entertainment+%E2%80%93+Conversations+with+Tom+McLoughlin&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=BearManor+Media&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=McLoughlin&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNzBADwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullard2020" class="citation web cs1">Bullard, Benjamin (February 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/indiana-jones-lost-ark-found-antiques-roadshow">"Indiana Jones' lost Ark found again...on Antiques Roadshow"</a>. <i>SyFy Wire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SyFy+Wire&rft.atitle=Indiana+Jones%27+lost+Ark+found+again...on+Antiques+Roadshow&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft.aulast=Bullard&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfywire%2Findiana-jones-lost-ark-found-antiques-roadshow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filmcentralen.dk/grundskolen/undervisning/tempelriddernes-skat?sub=5669">"Tempelriddernes skat"</a>. <i>Filmcentralen / streaming af danske kortfilm og dokumentarfilm</i> (in Danish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Filmcentralen+%2F+streaming+af+danske+kortfilm+og+dokumentarfilm&rft.atitle=Tempelriddernes+skat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilmcentralen.dk%2Fgrundskolen%2Fundervisning%2Ftempelriddernes-skat%3Fsub%3D5669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-399-18149-8">"Alpha and Omega"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a>. July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alpha+and+Omega&rft.pub=Publishers+Weekly&rft.date=2019-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2F978-0-399-18149-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtali2016" class="citation news cs1">Atali, Amichai (19 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4817589,00.html">"Government to pass new holiday: 'Aliyah Day'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ynetnews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynetnews">Ynetnews</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Government+to+pass+new+holiday%3A+%27Aliyah+Day%27&rft.date=2016-06-19&rft.aulast=Atali&rft.aufirst=Amichai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4817589%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYashar2014" class="citation news cs1">Yashar, Ari (24 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/178843">"Knesset Proposes Aliyah Holiday Bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Israel_National_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel National News">Israel National News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+National+News&rft.atitle=Knesset+Proposes+Aliyah+Holiday+Bill&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft.aulast=Yashar&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F178843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carew, Mairead, <i>Tara and the Ark of the Covenant: A Search for the Ark of the Covenant by British Israelites on the Hill of Tara, 1899–1902</i>. Royal Irish Academy, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9543855-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9543855-2-7">0-9543855-2-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_H._Cline" title="Eric H. Cline">Cline, Eric H.</a> (2007), <i>From Eden to Exile: Unravelling Mysteries of the Bible</i>, National Geographic Society, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0084-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0084-7">978-1-4262-0084-7</a></li> <li>Falk, David A. (2020), <i>The Ark of the Covenant in Its Egyptian Context: An Illustrated Journey</i>, Hendrickson Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68307-267-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68307-267-6">978-1-68307-267-6</a></li> <li>Foster, Charles, <i>Tracking the Ark of the Covenant</i>. Monarch, 2007.</li> <li>Grierson, Roderick & <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Munro-Hay" title="Stuart Munro-Hay">Munro-Hay, Stuart</a>, <i>The Ark of the Covenant</i>. Orion Books Ltd, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7538-1010-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7538-1010-7">0-7538-1010-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Hancock" title="Graham Hancock">Hancock, Graham</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_and_the_Seal" title="The Sign and the Seal">The Sign and the Seal: The Quest for the Lost Ark of the Covenant</a></i>. Touchstone Books, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-86541-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-86541-2">0-671-86541-2</a></li> <li>Haran, M., <i>The Disappearance of the Ark</i>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Exploration_Journal" title="Israel Exploration Journal">IEJ</a> 13 (1963), pp. 46–58</li> <li>Hertz, J. H., <i>The Pentateuch and Haftoras. Deuteronomy</i>. Oxford University Press, 1936.</li> <li>Hubbard, David (1956) The Literary Sources of the Kebra Nagast Ph.D. dissertation, St. Andrews University, Scotland</li> <li>Munro-Hay, Stuart, <i>The Quest For The Ark of The Covenant: The True History of The Tablets of Moses</i>. L. B. Tauris & Co Ltd., 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84511-248-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84511-248-2">1-84511-248-2</a></li> <li>Ritmeyer, L., <i>The Ark of the Covenant: Where It Stood in Solomon's Temple</i>. Biblical Archaeology Review 22/1: 46–55, 70–73, 1996</li> <li>Stolz, Fritz. "Ark of the Covenant." In <i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity</i>, edited by Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, 125. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2413-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2413-7">0-8028-2413-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has more on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ark_of_the_Covenant" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Vol. II (9th ed.). p. 539.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ark+of+the+Covenant&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=539&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William+Robertson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArk+of+the+Covenant" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Smithsonian.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/keepers-of-the-lost-ark-179998820/">"Keepers of the Lost Ark?"</a>'</li> <li>Shyovitz, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/ark.html">The Lost Ark of the Covenant</a>. Jewish Virtual Library</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Levite">Levites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel" title="Bezalel">Bezalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Tribe of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oholiab" title="Oholiab">Oholiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehath" title="Kehath">Kehath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">Tribe of Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzzah" title="Uzzah">Uzzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I">Menelik I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Mercy seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">Manna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_rod" title="Aaron's rod">Aaron's rod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Sinai (bible)">Biblical Mount Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Mount Horeb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(Canaan)" title="Ai (Canaan)">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibeah" title="Gibeah">Gibeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgal" title="Gilgal">Gilgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben-Ezer" title="Eben-Ezer">Eben-Ezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistine_captivity_of_the_Ark" title="Philistine captivity of the Ark">Philistia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beth Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiriath-Jearim" title="Kiriath-Jearim">Kiriath-Jearim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Cathedral of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tana_Qirqos" title="Tana Qirqos">Tana Qirqos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_Mary_of_Zion" title="Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion">Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_and_the_Seal" title="The Sign and the Seal">The Sign and the Seal</a></i> (1992 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ten_Commandments121" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ten_Commandments" title="Template:Ten Commandments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ten_Commandments" title="Template talk:Ten Commandments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ten_Commandments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ten Commandments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ten_Commandments121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finger_of_God" title="Finger of God">Finger of God</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ritual_Decalogue" title="Ritual Decalogue">Ritual Decalogue</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_am_the_Lord_thy_God" title="I am the Lord thy God">I am the Lord thy God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_have_no_other_gods_before_me" title="Thou shalt have no other gods before me">Thou shalt have no other gods before me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_make_unto_thee_any_graven_image" title="Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image">Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_take_the_name_of_the_Lord_thy_God_in_vain" title="Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain">Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remember_the_sabbath_day,_to_keep_it_holy" title="Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy">Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour_thy_father_and_thy_mother" title="Honour thy father and thy mother">Honour thy father and thy mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_kill" title="Thou shalt not kill">Thou shalt not kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_commit_adultery" title="Thou shalt not commit adultery">Thou shalt not commit adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_steal" title="Thou shalt not steal">Thou shalt not steal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_bear_false_witness_against_thy_neighbour" title="Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour">Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_covet" title="Thou shalt not covet">Thou shalt not covet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)" title="Mount Sinai (Bible)">Biblical Mount Sinai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Mount Horeb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ark of the Covenant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">lid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">The Exodus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_Mount_Sinai_(Sistine_Chapel)" title="Descent from Mount Sinai (Sistine Chapel)"><i>Descent from Mount Sinai</i> (Sistine Chapel, 1481-1482 painting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_(Michelangelo)" title="Moses (Michelangelo)"><i>Moses</i> (c. 1513–1515 sculpture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_and_his_Ethiopian_wife_Zipporah" title="Moses and his Ethiopian wife Zipporah"><i>Moses and his Ethiopian wife Zipporah</i> (c. 1645-1650 painting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Breaking_the_Tablets_of_the_Law" title="Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law"><i>Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law</i> (1659 painting)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Total_Abstinence_Union_Fountain" title="Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain">Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain</a></i> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Moses_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Statue of Moses (University of Notre Dame)"><i>Moses</i> (1962 sculpture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_(1968)" title="Moses (1968)"><i>Moses</i> (1968 sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses_(3/3)" title="Moses (3/3)">3/3</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(1923_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (1923 film)"><i>The Ten Commandments</i> (1923 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(1956_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (1956 film)"><i>The Ten Commandments</i> (1956 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Dix_Commandements_(musical)" title="Les Dix Commandements (musical)"><i>Les Dix Commandements</i> (2000 musical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments:_The_Musical" title="The Ten Commandments: The Musical"><i>The Ten Commandments</i> (2004 musical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(miniseries)" title="The Ten Commandments (miniseries)"><i>The Ten Commandments</i> (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(film)" title="The Ten (film)"><i>The Ten</i> (2007 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(2007_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (2007 film)"><i>The Ten Commandments</i> (2007 film) </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_(2010_American_drama_film)" title="I Am (2010 American drama film)"><i>I Am</i> (2010 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments:_The_Movie" title="The Ten Commandments: The Movie"><i>The Ten Commandments</i> (2016 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">In Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabot" title="Tabot">Tabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_the_Ten_Commandments" title="Alternatives to the Ten Commandments">Alternatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613 commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Seven Laws of Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_the_Bible" title="Ethics in the Bible">Ethics in the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_and_things_in_the_Quran146" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_and_things_in_the_Quran146" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and things in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Characters66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-humans10" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-humans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</a> ('The <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> found in the Quran, such as <i>Karīm</i> (Generous)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">baqara</a></i> (cow) of Israelites</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhiʾb</a></i> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</a>) of the Abyssinians</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Domesticated donkey</a>)</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i>kalb</i> (dog) of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">sleepers of the cave</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</a></i> (female ant) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</a></i> (fish or whale) of Jonah</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</a></i> (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAnkabūt</i> (Female <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spider</a>)</li> <li><i>Dābbat al-Arḍ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a>)</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey#Ancient_times" title="Honey">Naḥl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</a>', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Malāʾikah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angels of Hell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><i>Kirāman Kātibīn</i> (Honourable Scribes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muqarrabun34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel#Islam" title="Archangel"><i>Muqarrabun</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</a> (Gabriel, chief) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Ar-Rūḥ</a></i> ('The Spirit') <ul><li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn</i> ('The Trustworthy Spirit')</li> <li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus</i> ('The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Angel of the Trumpet (<a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">Malakul-Mawt</a></i> (Angel of Death, Azrael)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāil</a> (Michael)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></i> (Genies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jann_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jann (legendary creature)">Jann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">ʿIfrīt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Sakhr</a></i> (Asmodeus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">ash-Shayṭān</a></i> (the (chief) <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</a></i> ('Rebellious one')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</a></i> or <i>Wildān</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prophets45" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a>ʿ (<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</a> (<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</a> (Ezekiel?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> (Aaron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> (Eber?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</a> (Elijah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">ʿImrān</a> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismāʿīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Ṣāliḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> (Jethro, Reuel or <a href="/wiki/Hobab_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobab (biblical figure)">Hobab</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> ibn Dāwūd (<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> son of David)</li> <li>ʿ<a href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</a> ibn Zakariyyā (<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> the son of Zechariah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>) <ul><li>Isrāʾīl (Israel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>) <ul><li><i>Dhūn-Nūn</i> ('He of the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a>)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')</li> <li><i>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt</i> ('Companion of the Whale')</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> ibn Ya‘qūb (<a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> son of Jacob)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)#In_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zakariyyā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulul-ʿAzm</a></i><br />('Those of the<br /> Perseverance<br /> and Strong Will')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muḥammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Aḥmad</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Masīḥ</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>)</li> <li><i>Ibn Maryam</i> (Son of Mary)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> He who spoke to God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> Friend of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</a> (Jeremiah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamūʾīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua#In_Islam" title="Joshua">Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn</a> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_of_Prophets18" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of Prophets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adam's immediate relatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</a></li> <li>Family of Noah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</a></li> <li>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</li></ul></li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li>People of Abraham <ul><li>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Jesus <ul><li>Disciples (including <a href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Solomon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</a> (Muhammad's adopted son)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of<br /> Joseph</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</a> (Benjamin) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a>)</li> <li>Egyptians <ul><li><i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potiphar" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</a>, Qatafir or Qittin)</li> <li><i>Malik</i> (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</li> <li>Wife of <i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Zuleikha_(tradition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha (tradition)">Zulaykhah</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Mother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of <br />Aaron and Moses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egyptians <ul><li>Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)</li> <li><i>Imraʾat Firʿawn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(Exodus)#In_Muslim_tradition" title="Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)">Wife of Pharaoh</a>, who adopted Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Wise, pious man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh_in_Islam" title="Pharaoh in Islam">Firʿawn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of Moses' time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</a> (Goliath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</a> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Lahab">Abū Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slayers_of_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5%27s_she-camel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (page does not exist)">Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel</a> (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or<br />not specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraha" title="Abraha">Abraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%E1%B9%A3%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Barṣīṣā">Barṣīṣā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</a> the companion of Joshua</li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a></li> <li>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Groups6" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah</i> <ul><li>People of Paradise</li> <li>People of the Burnt Garden</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt</i> (Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' apostles</a> <ul><li><i>Ḥawāriyyūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm</i> (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">Companions of the Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Lūṭ</i> (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li>Nation of Noah</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tribes,_ethnicitiesor_families39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes,<br /> ethnicities<br />or families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>‘<a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)"><i>Ar-Rūm</i></a> (literally 'The Romans')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrāʾīl</a></i> (Children of Israel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Muʾtafikāt</a></i> (Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</a></li> <li>People of Shuaib <ul><li><i>Ahl Madyan</i> <a href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</a>)</li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah</i> ('Companions of the Wood')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Qawm <a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a></i> (People of Jonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</a> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad</i> (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</a> (literally 'Helpers')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Wife of Abu Lahab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Sons of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wife of Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Wife of Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog"><i>Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj</i></a> (Gog and Magog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Son of Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Aʿrāb</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a> (people of Hud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Tubbaʿ</i> (People of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">People of Sabaʾ or Sheba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</a> (people of Ṣāliḥ) <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr</i> ('Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</a>')</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ahl al-Bayt</i><br /> ('People of the<br /> Household')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Household of Abraham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Moses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Household of Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Muhammad's wives</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Salih</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly<br />mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li><i>Ahl as-Suffa</i> (People of the Verandah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-Dhimmah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</a></i> <ul><li>disbelievers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Majūs</i> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">Munāfiqūn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> <ul><li>Believers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ahl al-Kitāb</i> (<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>) <ul><li><i>Naṣārā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>(s) or People of the Injil) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Yahūd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</a> at the time of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian polytheists</a> at the time of Abraham and Lot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</a></i> ('The Holy Land') <ul><li>'Blessed' Land'</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>, literally 'The Garden')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Huta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab Huta">Door of Hittah</a></li> <li><i>Madyan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a>)</li> <li><i>Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn</i></li> <li><i>Miṣr</i> (Mainland <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <br />(excluding Madyan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</a></i> ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') <ul><li><i>Iram dhāt al-ʿImād</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</a></i> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">ʿArafāt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah#The_Sacred_Monument" title="Muzdalifah">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hegra_(Mada%27in_Salih)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegra (Mada'in Salih)">Al-Ḥijr</a></i> (Hegra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</a></li> <li><i>Makkah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</a> Āminan</i> ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')</li> <li><i>Kaʿbah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maqam_Ibrahim" title="Maqam Ibrahim">Maqām Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Station of Abraham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">Sabaʾ</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a>) <ul><li><i>ʿArim Sabaʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</a><br /> or Tīh Desert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</a> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan</i> (The Holy <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Wādil-Ayman</i> (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Buq%E2%80%98ah_Al-Mub%C4%81rakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buq‘ah Al-Mubārakah">Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah</a></i> ('The Blessed Place')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</a></i> ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Bābil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li> <li><i>Qaryat Yūnus</i> ('Township of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</a>,' that is <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bayʿa</a></i> (Church)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li><i>Masjid</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>, literally 'Place of <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Prostration</a>') <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mash%27ar_Al-Haram" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></i> ('The Sacred Grove')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</a> of Mecca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</a></li> <li>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: <ul><li><i>Masjid Qubāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">The Prophet's Mosque</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arabia <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</a></i> (literally 'The Barrier') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone"><i>Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad</i></a> (Black Stone) & <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Hira">Cave of Hira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr"><i>Ghār ath-Thawr</i></a> (Cave of the Bull)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a></li> <li>Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">'Ariha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</a></i> (Mesopotamia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay" title="Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a></li> <li><i>Dār an-Nadwa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River</li> <li>Palestine River</li> <li>Paradise of <a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events,_incidents,_occasions_or_times37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events, incidents, occasions or times</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incident of Ifk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Power" title="Night of Power">Laylat al-Qadr</a></i> (Night of Decree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%27Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-'Arim">Sayl al-ʿArim</a></i> (Flood of the Great Dam of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a> in Sheba)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or<br />military expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of <i>al-Aḥzāb</i></a> ('the Confederates')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Tabuk" title="Expedition of Tabuk">Expedition of Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumuʿah</a></i> (The Friday)</li> <li><i>As-<a href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</a></i> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</li> <li>Days of battles</li> <li>Days of Hajj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>12 months: Four holy months <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām</a> (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a></i> (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)</li> <li><i>Al-ʿ<a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for prayer<br />or remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Times for <i><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a>'), <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></i> ('Remembrance', including <i><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</a></i> ('Praising'), <i><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</a></i>): <ul><li><i>Al-ʿAshiyy</i> (The Afternoon or the Night)</li> <li><i>Al-Ghuduww</i> ('The Mornings') <ul><li><i>Al-Bukrah</i> ('The Morning')</li> <li><i>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ</i> ('The Morning')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-Layl</i> ('The Night') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">ʿIshāʾ</a></i> ('The Late-Night')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aẓ-<a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</a></i> ('The Noon')</li> <li><i>Dulūk ash-Shams</i> ('Decline of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Masāʾ</a></i> ('The Evening')</li> <li><i>Qabl al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</a></i> ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') <ul><li><i>Al-Aṣīl</i> ('The Afternoon')</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">ʿAṣr</a></i> ('The Afternoon')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams</i> ('Before the rising of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a></i> ('The Dawn')</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pilgrimage" title="First Pilgrimage">First Pilgrimage</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of Jesus)</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a></i> (The Book of Muhammad)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</li> <li><i>At-<a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Az-<a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> of David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</a></i> ('Mother of the Book(s)')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects <br />of people<br />or beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Quran">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</a></i> (Casket of Shekhinah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</a></li> <li>Trumpet of Israfil</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mentioned_idols(cult_images)34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols<br />(cult images)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>'Ansāb</li> <li><i>Jibt</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">False god</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Israelites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li>The <i>ʿijl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> statue) of Israelites</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Noah's people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwāʿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Yaʿūq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Quraysh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">Al-ʿUzzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat_(goddess)" title="Manat (goddess)">Manāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial<br /> bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Maṣābīḥ</i> (literally 'lamps'): <ul><li><i>Al-Qamar</i> (The Moon)</li> <li><i>Kawākib</i> (Planets) <ul><li><i>Al-Arḍ</i> (The Earth)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Nujūm</i> (Stars) <ul><li><i>Ash-Shams</i> (The Sun)</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i>Baṣal</i> (Onion)</li> <li><i>Fūm</i> (Garlic or wheat)</li> <li><i>Shaṭʾ</i> (Shoot)</li> <li><i>Sūq</i> (Plant stem)</li> <li><i>Zarʿ</i> (Seed)</li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAdas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a>)</li> <li><i>Baql</i> (Herb)</li> <li><i>Qith-thāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a>)</li> <li><i>Rummān</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a>)</li> <li><i>Tīn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">Fig</a>)</li> <li><i>Zaytūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a>)</li> <li>In Paradise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees<br />or plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plants of Sheba <ul><li><i>Athl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarisk</a>)</li> <li><i>Sidr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Līnah</i> (Tender <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</a>)</li> <li><i>Nakhl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Māʾ</i> (Water or fluid) <ul><li><i>Nahr</i> (River)</li> <li><i>Yamm</i> (River or sea)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sharāb</i> (Drink)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Temple_Mount_/_Al-Aqsa251" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Template:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Template talk:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Temple_Mount_/_Al-Aqsa251" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer halls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Marwani Prayer Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Ascension" title="Dome of the Ascension">Dome of the Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Chain" title="Dome of the Chain">Dome of the Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khidr" title="Dome of al-Khidr">Dome of al-Khidr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khalili" title="Dome of al-Khalili">Dome of al-Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Prophet" title="Dome of the Prophet">Dome of the Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Spirits" title="Dome of the Spirits">Dome of the Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf" title="Dome of Yusuf">Dome of Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf_Agha" title="Dome of Yusuf Agha">Dome of Yusuf Agha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Qasim_Pasha" title="Fountain of Qasim Pasha">Fountain of Qasim Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Qayt_Bay" title="Fountain of Qayt Bay">Fountain of Qayt Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-N%C4%81ranj_Pool" title="An-Nāranj Pool">An-Nāranj Pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum,_Jerusalem" title="Islamic Museum, Jerusalem">Islamic Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Library" title="Al-Aqsa Library">Library</a></li> <li>Madrasas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa_al-Ashrafiyya" title="Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya">Ashrafiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankiziyya" title="Tankiziyya">Tankiziyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthmaniyya_Madrasa_(Jerusalem)" title="Al-Uthmaniyya Madrasa (Jerusalem)">Uthmaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatuniyya_Madrasa_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatuniyya Madrasa (Jerusalem)">Khatuniyya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Walls and entries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minarets_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarets of the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound">Minarets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspector%27s_Gate" title="Inspector's Gate">Inspector's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Merchants%27_Gate" title="Cotton Merchants' Gate">Cotton Merchants'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Chain Gate (Jerusalem)">Chain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_is_in_danger" title="Al-Aqsa is in danger">Al-Aqsa is in danger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabitat" title="Murabitat">Murabitat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Aqsa_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Aqsa massacre (page does not exist)">Al-Aqsa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Flood">Al-Aqsa Flood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewish elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)" title="Altar (Bible)">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekhal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekhal">Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molten_Sea" title="Molten Sea">Molten Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Porch" title="Solomon's Porch">Solomon's Porch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">Temple menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_treasury" title="Temple treasury">Temple treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren%27s_Gate" title="Warren's Gate">Warren's Gate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">Temple denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Jewish_Temple" title="Replicas of the Jewish Temple">Replicas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holyland_Model_of_Jerusalem" title="Holyland Model of Jerusalem">Holyland Model of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schick_models_of_Jerusalem" title="Schick models of Jerusalem">Schick models of Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Western_Wall" title="Little Western Wall">Little Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dung_Gate" title="Dung Gate">Dung Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Wall_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Western Wall Heritage Foundation">The Western Wall Heritage Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Bridge" title="Mughrabi Bridge">Mughrabi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placing_notes_in_the_Western_Wall" title="Placing notes in the Western Wall">Placing notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stone" title="Western Stone">Western Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_Arch_(Jerusalem)" title="Wilson's Arch (Jerusalem)">Wilson's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stone" title="Western Stone">Western Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel" title="Western Wall Tunnel">Western Wall Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kotel_compromise" title="Kotel compromise">Kotel compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Western_Wall_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="1930 Western Wall Commission">Western Wall Commission</a></li> <li>Advocacy groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HaLiba" title="HaLiba">HaLiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temple_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Temple Institute">The Temple Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Faithful" title="Temple Mount Faithful">Temple Mount Faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_of_the_Wall" title="Platoon of the Wall">Platoon of the Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro%E2%80%93Wailing_Wall_Committee" title="Pro–Wailing Wall Committee">Pro–Wailing Wall Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_for_the_Wall" title="Women for the Wall">Women for the Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Wall" title="Women of the Wall">Women of the Wall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shekhinah" title="Shekhinah">Shekhinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Mercy seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson%27s_Arch" title="Robinson's Arch">Robinson's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallal" title="Kallal">Urn for ashes of the Red Heifer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Walls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wall" title="Eastern Wall">Eastern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Wall" title="Southern Wall">Southern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Hewn_Stones" title="Hall of Hewn Stones">Hall of Hewn Stones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acra_(fortress)" title="Acra (fortress)">Acra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fortress" title="Antonia Fortress">Antonia Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birket_Israel" title="Birket Israel">Birket Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_Baris" title="Hasmonean Baris">Hasmonean Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Virgins" title="Monastery of the Virgins">Monastery of the Virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Raranj" class="mw-redirect" title="Pool of Raranj">Pool of Raranj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Baris" title="Ptolemaic Baris">Ptolemaic Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Stoa_(Jerusalem)" title="Royal Stoa (Jerusalem)">Royal Stoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Solomon's Stables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struthion_Pool" title="Struthion Pool">Struthion Pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Golden Gate (Jerusalem)">Golden Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldah_Gates" title="Huldah Gates">Huldah Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Gate" title="Lions' Gate">Lions' Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren%27s_Gate" title="Warren's Gate">Warren's Gate</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Gate" title="Beautiful Gate">Beautiful Gate</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Excavations_at_the_Temple_Mount" title="Excavations at the Temple Mount">Excavations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_remnants_of_the_Jerusalem_Temple" title="Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple">Archaeological remnants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project" title="Temple Mount Sifting Project">Temple Mount Sifting Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Prevention_of_Destruction_of_Antiquities_on_the_Temple_Mount" title="Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount">Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan#Assassination" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Assassination of Abdullah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_mosque_fire" title="Al-Aqsa mosque fire">1969 arson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes">Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Temple Mount riots">1990 riots</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009_Temple_Mount_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Temple Mount clashes">2009 clashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">2015–2016 wave of violence</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_crisis" title="2017 Temple Mount crisis">2017 crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_shooting" title="2017 Temple Mount shooting">2017 shooting</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2022 Al-Aqsa clashes">2022 clashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2023 Al-Aqsa clashes">2023 clashes</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Status_Quo_(Jerusalem_and_Bethlehem)" title="Status Quo (Jerusalem and Bethlehem)">Status quo of Holy Land sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashemite_custodianship_of_Jerusalem_holy_sites" title="Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites">Hashemite custodianship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_entry_restrictions" title="Temple Mount entry restrictions">Entry restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templum_Domini" title="Templum Domini">Templum Domini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Navel of the World">Navel of the World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Temple_Mount" title="Category:Temple Mount">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131316#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1251" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/814536/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4146959-8">Germany</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1022835432">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85007198">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119654999">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119654999">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4577126">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007294692005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027660427">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ahid-sandigi">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&oldid=1276109527">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ark_of_the_Covenant&oldid=1276109527</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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