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class="HeaderMenu-wrapper d-flex flex-column flex-self-start flex-lg-row flex-auto rounded rounded-lg-0"> <nav class="HeaderMenu-nav" aria-label="Global"> <ul class="d-lg-flex list-style-none"> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Product <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_copilot","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"github_copilot_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/copilot"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 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class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Security</div> Find and fix vulnerabilities </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"actions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"actions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/actions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM14.5 14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5H21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Actions</div> Automate any workflow </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center 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1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Codespaces</div> Instant dev environments </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"issues","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"issues_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/issues"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1ZM2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12Zm9.5 2a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 12 14Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Issues</div> Plan and track work </div> </a></li> <li> <a 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width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-square color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M10.3 8.24a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06L7.352 12l2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M2 3.75C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2h16.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v16.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 20.25 22H3.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 20.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v16.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h16.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V3.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Search</div> Find more, search less </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="product-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" 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1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded 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data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title"> Provide feedback </h1> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 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itemprop=\"text\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePHP coding standards\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-php-coding-standards\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: PHP coding standards\" href=\"#php-coding-standards\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis file lists standards that any programmer adding or changing code in\nPHP should follow. The code base does not yet fully follow it, but new\nfeatures are going in that general direction. Many sections have been\nrewritten to comply with these rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCode implementation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-code-implementation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Code implementation\" href=\"#code-implementation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDocument your code in source files and the manual. (tm)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePHP is implemented in C99.\nFor instance, the optional fixed-width integers from\nstdint.h (int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t and their unsigned\ncounterparts) are supposed to be available.\nHowever, some features (most notably variable-length arrays) which are not\nsupported by all relevant compilers, must not be used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFunctions that are given pointers to resources should not free them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor instance, \u003ccode\u003efunction int mail(char *to, char *from)\u003c/code\u003e should NOT free \u003ccode\u003eto\u003c/code\u003e\nand/or \u003ccode\u003efrom\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eExceptions:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe function's designated behavior is freeing that resource. E.g.\n\u003ccode\u003eefree()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe function is given a boolean argument, that controls whether or not the\nfunction may free its arguments (if true, the function must free its\narguments; if false, it must not)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLow-level parser routines, that are tightly integrated with the token\ncache and the bison code for minimum memory copying overhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFunctions that are tightly integrated with other functions within the same\nmodule, and rely on each other's non-trivial behavior, should be documented as\nsuch and declared \u003ccode\u003estatic\u003c/code\u003e. They should be avoided if possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUse definitions and macros whenever possible, so that constants have\nmeaningful names and can be easily manipulated. Any use of a numeric\nconstant to specify different behavior or actions should be done through\na \u003ccode\u003e#define\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen writing functions that deal with strings, be sure to remember that PHP\nholds the length property of each string, and that it shouldn't be\ncalculated with \u003ccode\u003estrlen()\u003c/code\u003e. Write your functions in such a way so that\nthey'll take advantage of the length property, both for efficiency and in\norder for them to be binary-safe. Functions that change strings and obtain\ntheir new lengths while doing so, should return that new length, so it\ndoesn't have to be recalculated with \u003ccode\u003estrlen()\u003c/code\u003e (e.g. \u003ccode\u003ephp_addslashes()\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNEVER USE \u003ccode\u003estrncat()\u003c/code\u003e. If you're absolutely sure you know what you're doing,\ncheck its man page again, and only then, consider using it, and even then,\ntry avoiding it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUse \u003ccode\u003ePHP_*\u003c/code\u003e macros in the PHP source, and \u003ccode\u003eZEND_*\u003c/code\u003e macros in the Zend part of\nthe source. Although the \u003ccode\u003ePHP_*\u003c/code\u003e macros are mostly aliased to the \u003ccode\u003eZEND_*\u003c/code\u003e\nmacros it gives a better understanding on what kind of macro you're calling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDo not define functions that are not available. For instance, if a library is\nmissing a function, do not define the PHP version of the function, and do\nnot raise a run-time error about the function not existing. End users should\nuse \u003ccode\u003efunction_exists()\u003c/code\u003e to test for the existence of a function.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePrefer \u003ccode\u003eemalloc()\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eefree()\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eestrdup()\u003c/code\u003e, etc. to their standard C library\ncounterparts. These functions implement an internal \"safety-net\" mechanism\nthat ensures the deallocation of any unfreed memory at the end of a request.\nThey also provide useful allocation and overflow information while running\nin debug mode.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn almost all cases, memory returned to the engine must be allocated using\n\u003ccode\u003eemalloc()\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe use of \u003ccode\u003emalloc()\u003c/code\u003e should be limited to cases where a third-party library\nmay need to control or free the memory, or when the memory in question needs\nto survive between multiple requests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe return type of \"is\" or \"has\" style functions should be \u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e,\nwhich return a \"yes\"/\"no\" answer. \u003ccode\u003ezend_result\u003c/code\u003e is an appropriate\nreturn value for functions that perform some operation that may\nsucceed or fail.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUser functions/methods naming conventions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-user-functionsmethods-naming-conventions\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: User functions/methods naming conventions\" href=\"#user-functionsmethods-naming-conventions\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFunction names for user-level functions should be enclosed with in the\n\u003ccode\u003ePHP_FUNCTION()\u003c/code\u003e macro. They should be in lowercase, with words underscore\ndelimited, with care taken to minimize the letter count. Abbreviations\nshould not be used when they greatly decrease the readability of the\nfunction name itself:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGood:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"str_word_count\narray_key_exists\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003estr_word_count\narray_key_exists\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOk:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"date_interval_create_from_date_string\n// Could be 'date_intvl_create_from_date_str'?\nget_html_translation_table()\n// Could be 'html_get_trans_table'?\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003edate_interval_create_from_date_string\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Could be 'date_intvl_create_from_date_str'?\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget_html_translation_table\u003c/span\u003e()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Could be 'html_get_trans_table'?\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBad:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"hw_GetObjectByQueryCollObj\npg_setclientencoding\njf_n_s_i\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003ehw_GetObjectByQueryCollObj\npg_setclientencoding\njf_n_s_i\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf they are part of a \"parent set\" of functions, that parent should be\nincluded in the user function name, and should be clearly related to the\nparent program or function family. This should be in the form of \u003ccode\u003eparent_*\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA family of \u003ccode\u003efoo\u003c/code\u003e functions, for example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGood:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"foo_select_bar\nfoo_insert_baz\nfoo_delete_baz\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003efoo_select_bar\nfoo_insert_baz\nfoo_delete_baz\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBad:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"fooselect_bar\nfooinsertbaz\ndelete_foo_baz\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003efooselect_bar\nfooinsertbaz\ndelete_foo_baz\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFunction names used by user functions should be prefixed with \u003ccode\u003e_php_\u003c/code\u003e, and\nfollowed by a word or an underscore-delimited list of words, in lowercase\nletters, that describes the function. If applicable, they should be declared\n\u003ccode\u003estatic\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eVariable names must be meaningful. One letter variable names must be avoided,\nexcept for places where the variable has no real meaning or a trivial\nmeaning (e.g. \u003ccode\u003efor (i=0; i\u0026lt;100; i++) ...\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eVariable names should be in lowercase. Use underscores to separate between\nwords.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMethod names follow the \u003cem\u003estudlyCaps\u003c/em\u003e (also referred to as \u003cem\u003ebumpy case\u003c/em\u003e or\n\u003cem\u003ecamel caps\u003c/em\u003e) naming convention, with care taken to minimize the letter\ncount. The initial letter of the name is lowercase, and each letter that\nstarts a new \"word\" is capitalized.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eClass names should be descriptive nouns in \u003cem\u003ePascalCase\u003c/em\u003e and as short as\npossible. Each word in the class name should start with a capital letter,\nwithout underscore delimiters. The class name should be prefixed with the\nname of the \"parent set\" (e.g. the name of the extension) if no namespaces\nare used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAbbreviations and acronyms as well as initialisms should be avoided wherever\npossible, unless they are much more widely used than the long form (e.g. HTTP\nor URL). Abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms should be treated like\nregular words, thus they should be written with an uppercase first character,\nfollowed by lowercase characters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDiverging from this policy is allowed to keep internal consistency within a\nsingle extension, if the name follows an established, language-agnostic\nstandard, or for other reasons, if those reasons are properly justified\nand voted on as part of the RFC process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGood method names:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"connect()\ngetData()\nbuildSomeWidget()\nperformHttpRequest()\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003econnect()\ngetData()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ebuildSomeWidget\u003c/span\u003e()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eperformHttpRequest\u003c/span\u003e()\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBad method names:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"get_Data()\nbuildsomewidget()\ngetI()\nperformHTTPRequest()\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003eget_Data()\nbuildsomewidget()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003egetI\u003c/span\u003e()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eperformHTTPRequest\u003c/span\u003e()\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGood class names:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Curl\nCurlResponse\nHttpStatusCode\nUrl\nBtreeMap // B-tree Map\nUserId // User Identifier\nChar // Character\nIntl // Internationalization\nSsl\\Certificate\nSsl\\Crl // Certificate Revocation List\nSsl\\CrlUrl\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003eCurl\nCurlResponse\nHttpStatusCode\nUrl\nBtreeMap \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// B-tree Map\u003c/span\u003e\nUserId \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// User Identifier\u003c/span\u003e\nChar \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Character\u003c/span\u003e\nIntl \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Internationalization\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eSsl\u003c/span\u003e\\\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eCertificate\u003c/span\u003e\nSsl\\\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eCrl\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Certificate Revocation List\u003c/span\u003e\nSsl\\\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eCrlUrl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBad class names:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"curl\ncurl_response\nHTTPStatusCode\nURL\nBTreeMap\nUserID // User Identifier\nCHAR\nINTL\nSSL\\Certificate\nSSL\\CRL\nSSL\\CRLURL\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003ecurl\ncurl_response\nHTTPStatusCode\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eURL\u003c/span\u003e\nBTreeMap\nUserID \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// User Identifier\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eCHAR\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eINTL\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eSSL\u003c/span\u003e\\\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eCertificate\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eSSL\u003c/span\u003e\\\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eCRL\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eSSL\u003c/span\u003e\\\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eCRLURL\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eInternal function naming conventions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-internal-function-naming-conventions\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Internal function naming conventions\" href=\"#internal-function-naming-conventions\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFunctions that are part of the external API should be named\n\u003ccode\u003ephp_modulename_function()\u003c/code\u003e to avoid symbol collision. They should be in\nlowercase, with words underscore delimited. Exposed API must be defined in\n\u003ccode\u003ephp_modulename.h\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"PHPAPI char *php_session_create_id(PS_CREATE_SID_ARGS);\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePHPAPI\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003echar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ephp_session_create_id\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePS_CREATE_SID_ARGS\u003c/span\u003e);\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnexposed module function should be static and should not be defined in\n\u003ccode\u003ephp_modulename.h\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"static int php_session_destroy()\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estatic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ephp_session_destroy\u003c/span\u003e()\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMain module source file must be named \u003ccode\u003emodulename.c\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHeader file that is used by other sources must be named \u003ccode\u003ephp_modulename.h\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSyntax and indentation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-syntax-and-indentation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Syntax and indentation\" href=\"#syntax-and-indentation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUse K\u0026amp;R-style. Of course, we can't and don't want to force anybody to use a\nstyle he or she is not used to, but, at the very least, when you write code\nthat goes into the core of PHP or one of its standard modules, please\nmaintain the K\u0026amp;R style. This applies to just about everything, starting with\nindentation and comment styles and up to function declaration syntax. Also\nsee \u003ca href=\"http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/I/indent-style.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIndentstyle\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBe generous with whitespace and braces. Keep one empty line between the\nvariable declaration section and the statements in a block, as well as\nbetween logical statement groups in a block. Maintain at least one empty\nline between two functions, preferably two. Always prefer:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"if (foo) {\n bar;\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efoo\u003c/span\u003e) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebar\u003c/span\u003e;\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eto:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"if(foo)bar;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efoo\u003c/span\u003e)\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebar\u003c/span\u003e;\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen indenting, use the tab character. A tab is expected to represent four\nspaces. It is important to maintain consistency in indentation so that\ndefinitions, comments, and control structures line up correctly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePreprocessor statements (\u003ccode\u003e#if\u003c/code\u003e and such) MUST start at column one. To indent\npreprocessor directives you should put the \u003ccode\u003e#\u003c/code\u003e at the beginning of a line,\nfollowed by any number of spaces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe length of constant string literals should be calculated via \u003ccode\u003estrlen()\u003c/code\u003e\ninstead of using \u003ccode\u003esizeof()-1\u003c/code\u003e as it is clearer and any modern compiler\nwill optimize it away. Legacy usages of the latter style exists within the\ncodebase but should not be refactored, unless larger refactoring around that\ncode is taking place.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTesting\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-testing\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Testing\" href=\"#testing\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtensions should be well tested using \u003ccode\u003e*.phpt\u003c/code\u003e tests. Read more at\n\u003ca href=\"https://qa.php.net/write-test.php\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eqa.php.net\u003c/a\u003e documentation.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNew and experimental functions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-new-and-experimental-functions\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: New and experimental functions\" href=\"#new-and-experimental-functions\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo reduce the problems normally associated with the first public implementation\nof a new set of functions, it has been suggested that the first implementation\ninclude a file labeled \u003ccode\u003eEXPERIMENTAL\u003c/code\u003e in the function directory, and that the\nfunctions follow the standard prefixing conventions during their initial\nimplementation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe file labelled \u003ccode\u003eEXPERIMENTAL\u003c/code\u003e should include the following information:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAny authoring information (known bugs, future directions of the module).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOngoing status notes which may not be appropriate for Git comments.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn general, new features should go to PECL or experimental branches until there\nare specific reasons for directly adding them to the core distribution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAliases \u0026amp; legacy documentation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-aliases--legacy-documentation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Aliases \u0026amp; legacy documentation\" href=\"#aliases--legacy-documentation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou may also have some deprecated aliases with close to duplicate names, for\nexample, \u003ccode\u003esomedb_select_result\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003esomedb_selectresult\u003c/code\u003e. For documentation\npurposes, these will only be documented by the most current name, with the\naliases listed in the documentation for the parent function. For ease of\nreference, user-functions with completely different names, that alias to the\nsame function (such as \u003ccode\u003ehighlight_file\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eshow_source\u003c/code\u003e), will be separately\ndocumented.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBackwards compatible functions and names should be maintained as long as the\ncode can be reasonably be kept as part of the codebase. See the \u003ccode\u003eREADME\u003c/code\u003e in the\nPHP documentation repository for more information on documentation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","renderedFileInfo":null,"shortPath":null,"symbolsEnabled":true,"tabSize":4,"topBannersInfo":{"overridingGlobalFundingFile":false,"globalPreferredFundingPath":null,"showInvalidCitationWarning":false,"citationHelpUrl":"https://docs.github.com/github/creating-cloning-and-archiving-repositories/creating-a-repository-on-github/about-citation-files","actionsOnboardingTip":null},"truncated":false,"viewable":true,"workflowRedirectUrl":null,"symbols":{"timed_out":false,"not_analyzed":false,"symbols":[{"name":"PHP coding standards","kind":"section_1","ident_start":2,"ident_end":22,"extent_start":0,"extent_end":11559,"fully_qualified_name":"PHP coding standards","ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":2},"end":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":22}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":318,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"Code implementation","kind":"section_2","ident_start":280,"ident_end":299,"extent_start":277,"extent_end":3936,"fully_qualified_name":"Code implementation","ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":7,"utf16_col":3},"end":{"line_number":7,"utf16_col":22}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":7,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":83,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"User functions/methods naming conventions","kind":"section_2","ident_start":3939,"ident_end":3980,"extent_start":3936,"extent_end":7634,"fully_qualified_name":"User functions/methods naming conventions","ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":83,"utf16_col":3},"end":{"line_number":83,"utf16_col":44}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":83,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":222,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"Internal function naming conventions","kind":"section_2","ident_start":7637,"ident_end":7673,"extent_start":7634,"extent_end":8291,"fully_qualified_name":"Internal function naming conventions","ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":222,"utf16_col":3},"end":{"line_number":222,"utf16_col":39}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":222,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":244,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"Syntax and indentation","kind":"section_2","ident_start":8294,"ident_end":8316,"extent_start":8291,"extent_end":9940,"fully_qualified_name":"Syntax and 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class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This file lists standards that any programmer adding or changing code in PHP should follow. The code base does not yet fully follow it, but new features are going in that general direction. Many sections have been rewritten to comply with these rules.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Code implementation</h2><a id="user-content-code-implementation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Code implementation" href="#code-implementation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Document your code in source files and the manual. (tm)</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">PHP is implemented in C99. For instance, the optional fixed-width integers from stdint.h (int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t and their unsigned counterparts) are supposed to be available. However, some features (most notably variable-length arrays) which are not supported by all relevant compilers, must not be used.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Functions that are given pointers to resources should not free them.</p> <p dir="auto">For instance, <code>function int mail(char *to, char *from)</code> should NOT free <code>to</code> and/or <code>from</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">Exceptions:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">The function's designated behavior is freeing that resource. E.g. <code>efree()</code></p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">The function is given a boolean argument, that controls whether or not the function may free its arguments (if true, the function must free its arguments; if false, it must not)</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Low-level parser routines, that are tightly integrated with the token cache and the bison code for minimum memory copying overhead.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Functions that are tightly integrated with other functions within the same module, and rely on each other's non-trivial behavior, should be documented as such and declared <code>static</code>. They should be avoided if possible.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Use definitions and macros whenever possible, so that constants have meaningful names and can be easily manipulated. Any use of a numeric constant to specify different behavior or actions should be done through a <code>#define</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">When writing functions that deal with strings, be sure to remember that PHP holds the length property of each string, and that it shouldn't be calculated with <code>strlen()</code>. Write your functions in such a way so that they'll take advantage of the length property, both for efficiency and in order for them to be binary-safe. Functions that change strings and obtain their new lengths while doing so, should return that new length, so it doesn't have to be recalculated with <code>strlen()</code> (e.g. <code>php_addslashes()</code>).</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">NEVER USE <code>strncat()</code>. If you're absolutely sure you know what you're doing, check its man page again, and only then, consider using it, and even then, try avoiding it.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Use <code>PHP_*</code> macros in the PHP source, and <code>ZEND_*</code> macros in the Zend part of the source. Although the <code>PHP_*</code> macros are mostly aliased to the <code>ZEND_*</code> macros it gives a better understanding on what kind of macro you're calling.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Do not define functions that are not available. For instance, if a library is missing a function, do not define the PHP version of the function, and do not raise a run-time error about the function not existing. End users should use <code>function_exists()</code> to test for the existence of a function.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Prefer <code>emalloc()</code>, <code>efree()</code>, <code>estrdup()</code>, etc. to their standard C library counterparts. These functions implement an internal "safety-net" mechanism that ensures the deallocation of any unfreed memory at the end of a request. They also provide useful allocation and overflow information while running in debug mode.</p> <p dir="auto">In almost all cases, memory returned to the engine must be allocated using <code>emalloc()</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">The use of <code>malloc()</code> should be limited to cases where a third-party library may need to control or free the memory, or when the memory in question needs to survive between multiple requests.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">The return type of "is" or "has" style functions should be <code>bool</code>, which return a "yes"/"no" answer. <code>zend_result</code> is an appropriate return value for functions that perform some operation that may succeed or fail.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">User functions/methods naming conventions</h2><a id="user-content-user-functionsmethods-naming-conventions" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: User functions/methods naming conventions" href="#user-functionsmethods-naming-conventions"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Function names for user-level functions should be enclosed with in the <code>PHP_FUNCTION()</code> macro. They should be in lowercase, with words underscore delimited, with care taken to minimize the letter count. Abbreviations should not be used when they greatly decrease the readability of the function name itself:</p> <p dir="auto">Good:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="str_word_count array_key_exists"><pre>str_word_count array_key_exists</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Ok:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="date_interval_create_from_date_string // Could be 'date_intvl_create_from_date_str'? get_html_translation_table() // Could be 'html_get_trans_table'?"><pre>date_interval_create_from_date_string <span class="pl-c">// Could be 'date_intvl_create_from_date_str'?</span> <span class="pl-c"></span><span class="pl-en">get_html_translation_table</span>() <span class="pl-c">// Could be 'html_get_trans_table'?</span> <span class="pl-c"></span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Bad:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="hw_GetObjectByQueryCollObj pg_setclientencoding jf_n_s_i"><pre>hw_GetObjectByQueryCollObj pg_setclientencoding jf_n_s_i</pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">If they are part of a "parent set" of functions, that parent should be included in the user function name, and should be clearly related to the parent program or function family. This should be in the form of <code>parent_*</code>:</p> <p dir="auto">A family of <code>foo</code> functions, for example:</p> <p dir="auto">Good:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="foo_select_bar foo_insert_baz foo_delete_baz"><pre>foo_select_bar foo_insert_baz foo_delete_baz</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Bad:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="fooselect_bar fooinsertbaz delete_foo_baz"><pre>fooselect_bar fooinsertbaz delete_foo_baz</pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Function names used by user functions should be prefixed with <code>_php_</code>, and followed by a word or an underscore-delimited list of words, in lowercase letters, that describes the function. If applicable, they should be declared <code>static</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Variable names must be meaningful. One letter variable names must be avoided, except for places where the variable has no real meaning or a trivial meaning (e.g. <code>for (i=0; i<100; i++) ...</code>).</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Variable names should be in lowercase. Use underscores to separate between words.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Method names follow the <em>studlyCaps</em> (also referred to as <em>bumpy case</em> or <em>camel caps</em>) naming convention, with care taken to minimize the letter count. The initial letter of the name is lowercase, and each letter that starts a new "word" is capitalized.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Class names should be descriptive nouns in <em>PascalCase</em> and as short as possible. Each word in the class name should start with a capital letter, without underscore delimiters. The class name should be prefixed with the name of the "parent set" (e.g. the name of the extension) if no namespaces are used.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Abbreviations and acronyms as well as initialisms should be avoided wherever possible, unless they are much more widely used than the long form (e.g. HTTP or URL). Abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms should be treated like regular words, thus they should be written with an uppercase first character, followed by lowercase characters.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Diverging from this policy is allowed to keep internal consistency within a single extension, if the name follows an established, language-agnostic standard, or for other reasons, if those reasons are properly justified and voted on as part of the RFC process.</p> <p dir="auto">Good method names:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="connect() getData() buildSomeWidget() performHttpRequest()"><pre>connect() getData() <span class="pl-en">buildSomeWidget</span>() <span class="pl-en">performHttpRequest</span>()</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Bad method names:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="get_Data() buildsomewidget() getI() performHTTPRequest()"><pre>get_Data() buildsomewidget() <span class="pl-en">getI</span>() <span class="pl-en">performHTTPRequest</span>()</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Good class names:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Curl CurlResponse HttpStatusCode Url BtreeMap // B-tree Map UserId // User Identifier Char // Character Intl // Internationalization Ssl\Certificate Ssl\Crl // Certificate Revocation List Ssl\CrlUrl"><pre>Curl CurlResponse HttpStatusCode Url BtreeMap <span class="pl-c">// B-tree Map</span> UserId <span class="pl-c">// User Identifier</span> Char <span class="pl-c">// Character</span> Intl <span class="pl-c">// Internationalization</span> <span class="pl-v">Ssl</span>\<span class="pl-v">Certificate</span> Ssl\<span class="pl-v">Crl</span> <span class="pl-c">// Certificate Revocation List</span> Ssl\<span class="pl-v">CrlUrl</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Bad class names:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-php notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="curl curl_response HTTPStatusCode URL BTreeMap UserID // User Identifier CHAR INTL SSL\Certificate SSL\CRL SSL\CRLURL"><pre>curl curl_response HTTPStatusCode <span class="pl-c1">URL</span> BTreeMap UserID <span class="pl-c">// User Identifier</span> <span class="pl-c1">CHAR</span> <span class="pl-c1">INTL</span> <span class="pl-c1">SSL</span>\<span class="pl-v">Certificate</span> <span class="pl-c1">SSL</span>\<span class="pl-c1">CRL</span> <span class="pl-c1">SSL</span>\<span class="pl-c1">CRLURL</span></pre></div> </li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Internal function naming conventions</h2><a id="user-content-internal-function-naming-conventions" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Internal function naming conventions" href="#internal-function-naming-conventions"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Functions that are part of the external API should be named <code>php_modulename_function()</code> to avoid symbol collision. They should be in lowercase, with words underscore delimited. Exposed API must be defined in <code>php_modulename.h</code>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-c notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="PHPAPI char *php_session_create_id(PS_CREATE_SID_ARGS);"><pre><span class="pl-smi">PHPAPI</span> <span class="pl-s1">char</span> <span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-en">php_session_create_id</span>(<span class="pl-smi">PS_CREATE_SID_ARGS</span>);</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Unexposed module function should be static and should not be defined in <code>php_modulename.h</code>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-c notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="static int php_session_destroy()"><pre><span class="pl-k">static</span> <span class="pl-smi">int</span> <span class="pl-en">php_session_destroy</span>()</pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Main module source file must be named <code>modulename.c</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Header file that is used by other sources must be named <code>php_modulename.h</code>.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Syntax and indentation</h2><a id="user-content-syntax-and-indentation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Syntax and indentation" href="#syntax-and-indentation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Use K&R-style. Of course, we can't and don't want to force anybody to use a style he or she is not used to, but, at the very least, when you write code that goes into the core of PHP or one of its standard modules, please maintain the K&R style. This applies to just about everything, starting with indentation and comment styles and up to function declaration syntax. Also see <a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/I/indent-style.html" rel="nofollow">Indentstyle</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Be generous with whitespace and braces. Keep one empty line between the variable declaration section and the statements in a block, as well as between logical statement groups in a block. Maintain at least one empty line between two functions, preferably two. Always prefer:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-c notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="if (foo) { bar; }"><pre><span class="pl-k">if</span> (<span class="pl-s1">foo</span>) { <span class="pl-s1">bar</span>; }</pre></div> <p dir="auto">to:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-c notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="if(foo)bar;"><pre><span class="pl-k">if</span>(<span class="pl-s1">foo</span>)<span class="pl-s1">bar</span>;</pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">When indenting, use the tab character. A tab is expected to represent four spaces. It is important to maintain consistency in indentation so that definitions, comments, and control structures line up correctly.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Preprocessor statements (<code>#if</code> and such) MUST start at column one. To indent preprocessor directives you should put the <code>#</code> at the beginning of a line, followed by any number of spaces.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">The length of constant string literals should be calculated via <code>strlen()</code> instead of using <code>sizeof()-1</code> as it is clearer and any modern compiler will optimize it away. Legacy usages of the latter style exists within the codebase but should not be refactored, unless larger refactoring around that code is taking place.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Testing</h2><a id="user-content-testing" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Testing" href="#testing"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li>Extensions should be well tested using <code>*.phpt</code> tests. Read more at <a href="https://qa.php.net/write-test.php" rel="nofollow">qa.php.net</a> documentation.</li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">New and experimental functions</h2><a id="user-content-new-and-experimental-functions" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: New and experimental functions" href="#new-and-experimental-functions"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To reduce the problems normally associated with the first public implementation of a new set of functions, it has been suggested that the first implementation include a file labeled <code>EXPERIMENTAL</code> in the function directory, and that the functions follow the standard prefixing conventions during their initial implementation.</p> <p dir="auto">The file labelled <code>EXPERIMENTAL</code> should include the following information:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Any authoring information (known bugs, future directions of the module).</li> <li>Ongoing status notes which may not be appropriate for Git comments.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">In general, new features should go to PECL or experimental branches until there are specific reasons for directly adding them to the core distribution.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Aliases & legacy documentation</h2><a id="user-content-aliases--legacy-documentation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Aliases & legacy documentation" href="#aliases--legacy-documentation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">You may also have some deprecated aliases with close to duplicate names, for example, <code>somedb_select_result</code> and <code>somedb_selectresult</code>. For documentation purposes, these will only be documented by the most current name, with the aliases listed in the documentation for the parent function. For ease of reference, user-functions with completely different names, that alias to the same function (such as <code>highlight_file</code> and <code>show_source</code>), will be separately documented.</p> <p dir="auto">Backwards compatible functions and names should be maintained as long as the code can be reasonably be kept as part of the codebase. 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Manage cookies </button> </cookie-consent-link> </li> <li class="mx-2"> <cookie-consent-link> <button type="button" class="Link--secondary underline-on-hover border-0 p-0 color-bg-transparent" data-action="click:cookie-consent-link#showConsentManagement" data-analytics-event="{"location":"footer","action":"dont_share_info","context":"subfooter","tag":"link","label":"dont_share_info_link_subfooter_footer"}" > Do not share my personal information </button> </cookie-consent-link> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </footer> <ghcc-consent id="ghcc" class="position-fixed bottom-0 left-0" style="z-index: 999999" data-initial-cookie-consent-allowed="" data-cookie-consent-required="false"></ghcc-consent> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details> </template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div> </div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> </div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> 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