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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties_by_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Varieties by region</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties_by_region-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties by region subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties_by_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Asia_and_North_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Asia_and_North_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>West Asia and North Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Asia_and_North_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_Caucasus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Caucasus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>South Caucasus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Caucasus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Levant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Levant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>The Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.6</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-Saharan_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Sub-Saharan Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>West Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ćevapi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ćevapi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ćevapi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ćevapi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinchitos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinchitos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pinchitos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinchitos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shashlik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shashlik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Shashlik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shashlik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kebab_in_Western_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kebab_in_Western_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kebab in Western culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kebab_in_Western_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Kebab in Western culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kebab_in_Western_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shish_kebab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shish_kebab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Shish kebab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shish_kebab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doner_kebab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doner_kebab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Doner kebab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doner_kebab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Similar dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kebab</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="كباب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كباب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabab" title="Kabab – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kabab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کاباب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاباب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC" title="কাবাব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাবাব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кебаб – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кебаб" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кебаб – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кебаб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Кебап – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кебап" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebab" title="Cebab – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cebab" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%84%DE%A7%DE%84%DE%AA" title="ކަބާބު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަބާބު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%80" title="Κεμπάπ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεμπάπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebabo" title="Kebabo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kebabo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کباب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کباب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EB%B0%A5" title="케밥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="케밥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A2" title="Քաբաբ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաբաբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC" title="कबाब – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कबाब" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebabo" title="Kebabo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kebabo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%91" title="קבב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಬಾಬ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಬಾಬ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქაბაბი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქაბაბი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کباب – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کباب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebeb" title="Chebeb – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chebeb" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebabs" title="Kebabs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kebabs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebabas" title="Kebabas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kebabas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8C%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Ќебап – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ќебап" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D" title="കബാബ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കബാബ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC" title="कबाब – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कबाब" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="كباب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كباب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%90%E3%83%96" title="ケバブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケバブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebab" title="Quebab – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quebab" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabob" title="Kabob – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kabob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" title="ਕਬਾਬ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਬਾਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کباب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کباب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кебаб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кебаб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کباب – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کباب" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کەباب – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەباب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кебаб – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кебаб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A" title="กะบาบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กะบาบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Кабоб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кабоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebap" title="Kebap – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kebap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кебаб – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кебаб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کباب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کباب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="كاۋاپ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كاۋاپ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%A4%E4%B8%B2" title="烤串 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="烤串" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4" title="卡巴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡巴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%A4%E4%B8%B2" title="烤串 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烤串" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kebab" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179010#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="View the 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Kebab</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lula_kebab_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lula_kebab_2.jpg/330px-Lula_kebab_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lula_kebab_2.jpg/500px-Lula_kebab_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lula_kebab_2.jpg/960px-Lula_kebab_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A typical ground meat kebab, a food that exists by various names in many world cuisines</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">Main course</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Arabic-speaking Middle East</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Serving temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">Hot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">Meat</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Kebab" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Kebab">Cookbook: Kebab</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kebap" class="extiw" title="commons:Kebap">Media: Kebab</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kebab</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">kib-<span style="font-size:90%">AB</span></i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">kib-<span style="font-size:90%">AHB</span></i></a>), <b>kebap</b>, (<a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American</a>) <b>kabob</b>, <b>kebob</b>, or (<a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmiri</a>) <b>kabab</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a variety of roasted meat dishes that originated in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. </p><p>Kebabs consist of cut up <a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">ground meat</a>, sometimes with vegetables and various other accompaniments according to the specific recipe. Although kebabs are typically cooked on a <a href="/wiki/Skewer" title="Skewer">skewer</a> over a fire, some kebab dishes are oven-baked in a pan, or prepared as a <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stew</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Tas_kebab" title="Tas kebab">tas kebab</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Akin_2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akin_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional meat for kebabs is most often <a href="/wiki/Lamb_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamb meat">lamb meat</a>, but regional recipes may include <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">goat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken (food)">chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fish_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish (food)">fish</a>, or even <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a> (depending on whether or not there are specific <a href="/wiki/Religious_restrictions_on_the_consumption_of_pork" title="Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork">religious prohibitions</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anon.;_late_Qajar_period;_kebabforush_(kebab_seller)._Leiden_University_Library,_Collection_A._P._H._Hotz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Anon.%3B_late_Qajar_period%3B_kebabforush_%28kebab_seller%29._Leiden_University_Library%2C_Collection_A._P._H._Hotz.jpg/220px-Anon.%3B_late_Qajar_period%3B_kebabforush_%28kebab_seller%29._Leiden_University_Library%2C_Collection_A._P._H._Hotz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Anon.%3B_late_Qajar_period%3B_kebabforush_%28kebab_seller%29._Leiden_University_Library%2C_Collection_A._P._H._Hotz.jpg/330px-Anon.%3B_late_Qajar_period%3B_kebabforush_%28kebab_seller%29._Leiden_University_Library%2C_Collection_A._P._H._Hotz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Anon.%3B_late_Qajar_period%3B_kebabforush_%28kebab_seller%29._Leiden_University_Library%2C_Collection_A._P._H._Hotz.jpg/440px-Anon.%3B_late_Qajar_period%3B_kebabforush_%28kebab_seller%29._Leiden_University_Library%2C_Collection_A._P._H._Hotz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A <i><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">kababforush</i></span></i> (kebab seller) in late <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The word kebab has ancient origins. It was popularized in the West by Turks to refer to a range of grilled and broiled meat, which may be cooked on skewers, including stews, meatballs, and many other forms.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kebab#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:kebab">kebab</a></i> likely came to English in the late 17th century from the Persian <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">kabāb</i></span>, partly through <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zubaida_2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zubaida_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to linguist <a href="/wiki/Sevan_Ni%C5%9Fanyan" title="Sevan Nişanyan">Sevan Nişanyan</a>, the Turkish word <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">kebap</i></span> is also derived from the Persian word <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">kabāb</i></span>, meaning roasted meat, and according to the Turkish Language Association it is from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كَبَاب</span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">kabāb</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appears in Turkish texts as early as the 14th century, in <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Kyssa-i Yusuf</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the story of Joseph</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), though still in the Persian form. Nişanyan states that the word has the equivalent meaning of 'frying, burning' with <span title="Akkadian-language text"><i lang="akk-Latn">kabābu</i></span> in the old <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian language</a>, and <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language text"><i lang="arc-Latn">kbabā</i></span> <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language text"><span lang="arc" dir="rtl">כבבא</span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Online_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Online-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, food historian <a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Gil Marks</a> says that the medieval Arabic and Turkish terms were adopted from the Persian <i>kabab</i>, which probably derived from the Aramaic.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Dictionary">American Heritage Dictionary</a> also gives a probable <a href="/wiki/East_Semitic_languages" title="East Semitic languages">East Semitic</a> root origin with the meaning of 'burn', 'char', or 'roast', from the Aramaic and Akkadian.<sup id="cite_ref-Semitic_Roots_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Semitic_Roots-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> instructs that <a href="/wiki/Burnt_offering_(Judaism)" title="Burnt offering (Judaism)">Temple offerings</a> not be <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">kabbaba</i></span> (burned).<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These words point to an origin in the prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Proto-Afroasiatic_language" title="Proto-Afroasiatic language">Proto-Afroasiatic language</a>: <i>*kab-</i>, to burn or roast.<sup id="cite_ref-Orel_Stolbova_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orel_Stolbova-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>While the word <i>kebab</i> or <i>shish kebab</i> may sometimes be used in English as a culinary term that refers to any type of small chunks of meat cooked on a skewer,<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>kebab</i> is mainly associated with a diversity of meat dishes that originated in <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sayyar_al-Warraq" title="Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq">Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq</a>'s 10th-century <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdadi</a> cookbook <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Kitab al-Tabikh</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كتاب الطبيخ</span>), a compendium of much of the legacy of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian cuisine">Mesopotamian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian cuisine">Persian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab cuisines</a>, there are descriptions of <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">kabāb</i></span> as cut-up meat, either fried in a pan or grilled over a fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasrallah_2007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasrallah_2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This cuisine has spread around the world, in parallel with Muslim influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Maghrebis" title="Maghrebis">Maghrebi</a> traveller, kebab was served in the royal houses during the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> (1206–1526), and even commoners would enjoy it for breakfast with <a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">naan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-indian_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kebab dishes have been adopted and integrated with local cooking styles and innovations, from the now-ubiquitous doner kebab fast food, to the many variations of shish kebab, such as the <a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">satays</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties_by_region">Varieties by region</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of kebab variants, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_kebabs" title="List of kebabs">List of kebabs</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kebab" title="Special:EditPage/Kebab">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kebab%22">"Kebab"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kebab%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kebab%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kebab%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kebab%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kebab%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In most <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">English-speaking countries</a>, a <i>kebab</i> may be the classic <a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">shish kebab</a> or <a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">souvlaki</a> – small cubes of meat cooked on a skewer<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zubaida_2010_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zubaida_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – or made with minced (ground) meat, as in <a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">doner kebab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zubaida_2010_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zubaida_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, in <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_English" title="Bangladeshi English">Bangladeshi English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_English" title="Pakistani English">Pakistani English</a><sup id="cite_ref-OED_cabob_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED_cabob-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dictionary.com_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dictionary.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the languages of the Middle East, other parts of Asia, and the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>, a <i>kebab</i> is any of a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Grilling" title="Grilling">grilled</a> meat dishes. Some dishes ultimately derived from Middle Eastern kebab may have different names in their local languages, such as the Chinese <i><a href="/wiki/Chuanr" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuanr">chuan</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chuan_(food)" title="Chuan (food)">Chuan (food)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbecued_lamb_sticks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Barbecued_lamb_sticks.jpg/250px-Barbecued_lamb_sticks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Barbecued_lamb_sticks.jpg/330px-Barbecued_lamb_sticks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Barbecued_lamb_sticks.jpg/500px-Barbecued_lamb_sticks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i>Chuan</i>-style lamb kebab sticks sold by a street vendor</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Chuan_(food)" title="Chuan (food)">Chuan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">串</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">chuàn</span></i>), often referred to as "chuan" in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> throughout the north, or kawap (كاۋاپ) in <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>, is a variation of kebab originating from the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghur people</a> in the western province of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> and a popular dish in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese Islamic cuisine</a>. The dish has since spread across the rest of the country and become a popular <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a>. </p><p>Although the most traditional form of chuan uses lamb or mutton, other types of meat, such as chicken, beef, pork, and seafood, may be used as well. Small pieces of meat are skewered and either roasted or deep-fried. Common spices and condiments include <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a> called "ziran", <a href="/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum">pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">sesame oil</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greece">Greece</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Gyros" title="Gyros">Gyros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">Souvlaki</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pita_giros.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pita_giros.JPG/250px-Pita_giros.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pita_giros.JPG/330px-Pita_giros.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pita_giros.JPG/500px-Pita_giros.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">Gyro</a> kebab sandwiches in Greece served with fixings and <a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">tzatziki</a> sauce in <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a> bread</figcaption></figure> <p>While the history of <a href="/wiki/Street_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Street foods">street foods</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greece</a> goes back to ancient times, the iconic Greek <i><a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">gyros</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">souvlaki</a></i> as it is known today arose only following the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. Introduced to <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> in the 1950s by Greek refugees from Turkey and the Middle East, gyros was originally known simply as <i>döner kebab</i>. It is typically served as a sandwich rolled in <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a> bread, or on a plate, with french fries and various salads and sauces such as <a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">tzatziki</a>. Later in the 1960s, vendors also began selling dishes in the same style made with souvlaki, which resembles Turkish shish kebab, but is usually made with pork.<sup id="cite_ref-Street_Foods_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_Foods-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the same time, the Greek word <i>gyros</i> replaced <i>döner kebab</i>, and the Greek style of the dish spread to become popular, particularly in North America, and various other parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Food_Timeline:_history_notes--sandwiches_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Food_Timeline:_history_notes--sandwiches-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to other areas of Greece, in Athens, both types of sandwich may be called <i>souvlaki</i>, with the skewered meat being called <i>kalamaki</i>. </p><p>Although gyros is unquestionably of Middle Eastern origin, the issue of whether modern-day souvlaki came to Greece via Turkish cuisine, and should be considered a Greek styling of shish kebab, or is a contemporary revival of Greek tradition dating as far back as 17th century BC <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Greece_Is_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greece_Is-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a topic of sometimes heated debate, at least between Greeks and Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-David_L._Gold_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_L._Gold-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While English speakers may refer to souvlaki skewers as kebabs,<sup id="cite_ref-Jamie_Oliver_Recipes_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jamie_Oliver_Recipes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they are not properly called that in Greece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Asia_and_North_Africa">West Asia and North Africa</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Caucasus">South Caucasus</h4></div> <p>Both <a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani cuisine</a> feature oblong kofta-style mincemeats kebabs known as <i><a href="/wiki/Lula_kebab" title="Lula kebab">lula or lyulya kebab</a></i>, while Armenian cuisine refers to shish-style kebabs as <i><a href="/wiki/Khorovats" title="Khorovats">khorovats</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Petrosian_2011_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petrosian_2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Petrosian_Underwood_2006_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petrosian_Underwood_2006-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and doner kebab as <i>Karsi khorovats</i> after the city of <a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a> which became known for the dish during the time of the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Petrosian_Underwood_2006_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petrosian_Underwood_2006-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iran">Iran</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kebab_in_Khorramabad.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kebab_in_Khorramabad.JPG/250px-Kebab_in_Khorramabad.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kebab_in_Khorramabad.JPG/330px-Kebab_in_Khorramabad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kebab_in_Khorramabad.JPG/500px-Kebab_in_Khorramabad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Kabab Chenjeh in <a href="/wiki/Khorramabad" title="Khorramabad">Khorramabad</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are several distinct Persian varieties of kabab (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">کباب</span>). Kabab may be served with either steamed, <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffroned</a> <a href="/wiki/Basmati" title="Basmati">basmati</a> or Persian <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> and called <i><a href="/wiki/Chelow_kabab" title="Chelow kabab">chelow kabab</a></i> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">چلوکباب</span></span>), which is considered the <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a> of Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaida_1992_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaida_1992-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may also be served with the various types of bread that are the most commonly eaten in Iran, such as <a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">lavash</a>. </p><p>It is served with the basic <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Iran#Essential_accompaniments" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Iran">Iranian meal accompaniments</a>, in addition to grilled tomatoes on the side of the rice and butter on top of the rice. It is an old northern tradition (probably originating in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>) that a raw egg yolk should be placed on top of the rice as well, though this is strictly optional, and most restaurants will not serve the rice this way unless it is specifically requested. "Somagh", powdered <a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">sumac</a>, is also made available and its use varies based on tastes to a small dash on the rice or a heavy sprinkling on both rice and meat, particularly when used with red (beef/veal/lamb) meat. </p><p>At Persian restaurants, the combination of one <a href="/wiki/Kabab_barg" title="Kabab barg">kabab barg</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Kabab_koobideh" title="Kabab koobideh">kabab koobideh</a> is typically called <i>Soltani</i>, meaning "sultan's feast". The combination of one kabab barg, one <a href="/wiki/Jujeh_kabab" title="Jujeh kabab">jujeh kabab</a> and kabab koobideh is typically called <i>Shah abbasi</i>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Abbas_the_Great" title="Abbas the Great">Shah Abbas'</a> meal". The traditional beverage of choice to accompany Persian kabab is <a href="/wiki/Doogh" title="Doogh">doogh</a>, a sour yogurt drink with mint and salt. </p><p>In the old <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaar</a> tradition, the rice (which is covered with a tin lid) and accompaniments are served first, immediately followed by the kababs, which are brought to the table by the waiter, who holds several skewers in his left hand, and a piece of flat bread (typically nan-e lavash) in his right. A skewer is placed directly on the rice and while holding the kebab down on the rice with the bread, the skewer is quickly pulled out. With the two most common kababs, <a href="/wiki/Kabab_barg" title="Kabab barg">barg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kabab_koobideh" title="Kabab koobideh">koobideh</a>, two skewers are always served. In general, bazaar kabab restaurants only serve these two varieties, though there are exceptions. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a>, "Binab (also Bonab) Kababi" is very famous in Iranian Azerbaijani local cuisine for its large size.<sup id="cite_ref-Financial_Tribune_Daily_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Financial_Tribune_Daily-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is named after the city of Binab in East Azerbaijan province. This kabab and other types (e.g., Shishlik, Kubide, Berge, Gelin, etc.) can be served alone or with rice and fresh salad on the side. In this region Kababs come usually with yogurt, hot bread, tomato, onion, parsley and paprika-salt, and tarragon. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iranian_Kabab_Koobideh_(Bonab_style).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Iranian_Kabab_Koobideh_%28Bonab_style%29.jpg/220px-Iranian_Kabab_Koobideh_%28Bonab_style%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Iranian_Kabab_Koobideh_%28Bonab_style%29.jpg/330px-Iranian_Kabab_Koobideh_%28Bonab_style%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Iranian_Kabab_Koobideh_%28Bonab_style%29.jpg/440px-Iranian_Kabab_Koobideh_%28Bonab_style%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2165" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Iranian Kabab Koobideh (Bonab style)</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Kabab_koobideh" title="Kabab koobideh">Kabab koobideh</a></b> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">کباب کوبیده</span></span>) it <i><b>kūbide</b></i> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">کوبیده</span></span>) is an Iranian <a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">minced</a> meat kabab which is made from ground lamb, beef, or chicken, often mixed with <a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">parsley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">chopped onions</a>. </p><p>Kabab Koobideh contains: ground meat, onion, salt, pepper, turmeric, and seasoning. These ingredients are mixed together until the mixture becomes smooth and sticky. One egg is added to help the mix stick together. The mixture is then pressed around a skewer. Koobideh Kabab is typically 18 to 20 centimeters (7–8 in) long. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Kabab_barg" title="Kabab barg">Kabāb-e Barg</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">کباب برگ</span>) is a Persian style barbecued lamb, chicken or beef kabab dish. The main ingredients of <i>Kabab Barg</i> – a short form of this name – are fillets of beef tenderloin, lamb shank or chicken breast, onions and olive oil. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marinade</a> is prepared by the mixture of half a cup of olive oil, three <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, half teaspoon <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a>, salt and black pepper. One kilogram of lamb is cut into 1 cm thick and 4–5 cm long pieces. It should be marinated overnight in refrigerator, and the container should be covered. The next day, the lamb is threaded on long, thin metal skewers. It is brushed with marinade and is barbecued for 5–10 minutes on each side. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Jujeh_kabab" title="Jujeh kabab">Jūjeh Kabāb</a></b> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">جوجه‌کباب</span></span>) consists of pieces of chicken first <a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">marinated</a> in minced onion and lemon juice with <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a> then grilled over a fire. It is sometimes served with grilled tomato and pepper. Jujeh Kabab is one of the most popular Persian dishes. </p><p><b>Kabab Bakhtiari</b> is a combination of Jujeh kabab (chicken kabab) and Kabab barg (beef or lamb meat) on the same skewer. Its name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Chaharmahal_and_Bakhtiari_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province">Bakhtiari region</a> of Iran. </p><p><b>Kabab Kenjeh</b>, also known as Chenjeh (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">کنجه‌کباب</span></span>, <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">چنجه</span></span>) is a kabab traditionally made with chunks of marinated lamb meat. It is typically served with grilled tomatoes and rice or bread.<sup id="cite_ref-Dana-Haeri_2014_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana-Haeri_2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kabab_torsh" title="Kabab torsh">Kabab Torsh</a> is an Iranian Kabab from the northern provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran, renowned for its sour, pomegranate based seasoning.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kabab Lari, Kabab Tabei (Pan Kabab), Dande Kabab, Kabab Shandiz, Shishlik Kabab, Kabab Ghafghazi, Kabab Soltani, Kabob Vaziri, Kabob Loghmeh, Taas Kabab, Mahi Kabab (Fish Kabab) and Kabab Jegar (Sheep Liver Kaba) are among other types of Persian Kababs popular in Iran.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iraq">Iraq</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_kebab_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_Baghdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Iraqi_kebab_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_Baghdad.jpg/220px-Iraqi_kebab_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_Baghdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Iraqi_kebab_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_Baghdad.jpg/330px-Iraqi_kebab_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_Baghdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Iraqi_kebab_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_Baghdad.jpg/440px-Iraqi_kebab_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_Baghdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Iraqi Kebab, made out of ground lamb and known for its oily texture</figcaption></figure> <p>Several types of kebab are popular in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi cuisine</a>, although the word kebab in local use is reserved for skewers of spiced ground lamb, traditionally grilled on natural wood charcoal to give the kebab its special flavor. Skewers of grilled marinated meat chunks are called tikka.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Levant">The Levant</h4></div> <p>Several varieties of kebabs can be found in <a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine cuisine</a>. Among the most common are <a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">shish taouk</a>, which are grilled chicken skewers marinated in olive oil and spices, and <i>lahem meshwi</i>, charcoal-grilled skewers of prime lamb cubes lightly seasoned with herbs.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syrian city of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> is said to have at least twenty-six versions of kebab halabi or Aleppo kebab, including kebab cooked with cherries; with aubergine; with <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_pepper" title="Aleppo pepper">chili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">parsley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">pine-nuts</a>; and with <a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">truffles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi Jews</a> brought various types of grilled meat from their native Middle Eastern countries to Israel, where they have become an essential part of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the most popular are skewers of elongated spiced ground meat, called kabab (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">קבב</span>), which have become a staple dish of meat restaurants and the main dish of the traditional holiday barbecues, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">shishlik</a>. They are commonly made of beef, though lamb is also occasionally used, and are almost always served with the local <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a> bread. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a>, although not considered a kebab in most countries of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, is another very popular type of grilled meat preparation that characterizes this region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egypt">Egypt</h4></div> <p>Several varieties of kebab are popular in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a>, although the word kebab in local use is reserved for skewers of grilled marinated meat chunks. Skewers of grilled seasoned ground meat are called kofta. <a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Shish taouk</a>, which are skewers of grilled marinated chicken chunks, are another popular variety of kebab in Egypt. All kebabs are grilled on charcoal to give them their special flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turkey">Turkey</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_dishes" title="List of Middle Eastern dishes">List of Middle Eastern dishes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beyti_(d%C3%B6ner).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Beyti_%28d%C3%B6ner%29.jpg/250px-Beyti_%28d%C3%B6ner%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Beyti_%28d%C3%B6ner%29.jpg/330px-Beyti_%28d%C3%B6ner%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Beyti_%28d%C3%B6ner%29.jpg/500px-Beyti_%28d%C3%B6ner%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Beyti kebab served with <i><a href="/wiki/Pilav" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilav">pilav</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg/220px-%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg/330px-%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg/440px-%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap" class="mw-redirect" title="Şiş kebap">Şiş kebap</a></i> with "şehriyeli pilav" (orzo pilaf), onions with sumac, a grilled pepper, a slice of tomato (also grilled) and rucula leaves</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ca%C4%9Fkebab%C4%B15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ca%C4%9Fkebab%C4%B15.jpg/220px-Ca%C4%9Fkebab%C4%B15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ca%C4%9Fkebab%C4%B15.jpg/330px-Ca%C4%9Fkebab%C4%B15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ca%C4%9Fkebab%C4%B15.jpg/440px-Ca%C4%9Fkebab%C4%B15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="943" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ca%C4%9F_kebab%C4%B1" title="Cağ kebabı">Cağ kebabı</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iskender_kebab_on_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Iskender_kebab_on_plate.jpg/250px-Iskender_kebab_on_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Iskender_kebab_on_plate.jpg/330px-Iskender_kebab_on_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Iskender_kebab_on_plate.jpg/500px-Iskender_kebab_on_plate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skender_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="İskender kebab">İskender kebab</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Adana_kebap" class="mw-redirect" title="Adana kebap">Adana kebap</a></b></i> (or kıyma kebabı) is a long, hand-minced meat kebab mounted on a wide iron skewer and grilled over charcoal. Named after the Turkish city of <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>, the kebab is generally "hot" or piquant. The traditional Adana kebab is made using lamb, with a high fatty content cooked over hot coals. Only three ingredients are used in a proper Adana kebab, minced lamb, red <a href="/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum">capsicum</a> (pepper) and salt.</li> <li><i>Ali Paşa kebabı</i>, "Ali Pasha kebab" – cubed lamb with tomato, onion and parsley wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">phyllo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JHFEHJBAAH_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHFEHJBAAH-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alinazik_kebab" title="Alinazik kebab"><b>Alinazik</b></a></i> – Ground meat kebab <a href="/wiki/Saut%C3%A9ing" title="Sautéing">sautéed</a> in a saucepan, with garlic, yogurt and eggplants added.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyti_kebab" title="Beyti kebab"><b>Beyti kebap</b></a></i> – Ground lamb or beef, seasoned and grilled on a skewer, often served wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">lavash</a> and topped with <a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">tomato sauce</a> and yogurt, traced back to the famous kebab house <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009160857/http://www.beyti.com/homepage.htm">Beyti</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and particularly popular in Turkey's larger cities.</li> <li><i>Bostan kebabı</i> – Lamb and aubergine <a href="/wiki/Casserole" title="Casserole">casserole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JHFEHJBAAH_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHFEHJBAAH-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bu%C4%9Fu_kebab%C4%B1" title="Buğu kebabı">Buğu kebabı</a></b></i> – Steam kebab, is a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a> <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stew</a> which is cooked in a pan or an earthenware casserole. The casserole's lid is sealed in order to cook the meat in its own juices. The dish is prepared with <a href="/wiki/Pearl_onion" title="Pearl onion">pearl onions</a>, garlic, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a> and other spices. In <a href="/wiki/Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Tekirdağ">Tekirdağ</a>, it is served with <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>; in <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, it is served with <a href="/wiki/Pistacia_lentiscus" title="Pistacia lentiscus">mastic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ca%C4%9F_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Cağ kebab"><b>Cağ kebap</b></a></i>, 'spoke kebab' – Cubes of lamb roasted first on a <i>cağ</i> (a horizontal <a href="/wiki/Rotisserie" title="Rotisserie">rotating spit</a>) and then on a skewer, a specialty of <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a> region with recently rising popularity.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ci%C4%9Fer_kebab%C4%B1" title="Ciğer kebabı">Ciğer kebabı</a></b></i>, 'liver kebab' - usually eaten with sliced onions, salad and bread.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6kertme_kebab%C4%B1" title="Çökertme kebabı">Çökertme kebabı</a></b> – Sirloin veal kebap stuffed with yogurt and potatoes.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6p_%C5%9Fi%C5%9F" title="Çöp şiş">Çöp şiş</a></b>, "small skewer kebab" – a speciality of <a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk" title="Selçuk">Selçuk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germencik" title="Germencik">Germencik</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>, pounded boneless meat with tomatoes and garlic marinated with black pepper, thyme and oil on wooden skewers.<sup id="cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHBADADDED-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6ner_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Döner kebab"><b>Döner kebap</b></a></i>, literally "rotating kebab" in Turkish, is sliced lamb, beef, or chicken, slowly roasted on a vertical rotating spit. The Middle Eastern <a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">shawarma</a>, Mexican <a href="/wiki/Tacos_al_pastor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacos al pastor">tacos al pastor</a>, and Greek <a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">gyros</a> are all derived from the Turkish döner kebab, which was invented in <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a> in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German-style döner kebab sandwich, sometimes called simply "a kebab" in English, was <a href="/wiki/Kadir_Nurman" title="Kadir Nurman">introduced by Turkish immigrants</a> in Berlin in the 1970s, and has become one of the most popular <a href="/wiki/Take-away" class="mw-redirect" title="Take-away">take-away</a> foods in Germany and much of Europe. It is commonly sold by Turks, and considered a Turkish-German specialty, in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Berlin2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berlin2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Hünkâri kebabı</i>, 'Sultan's kebab' – Sliced lamb meat mixed with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patl%C4%B1can_be%C4%9Fendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patlıcan beğendi (page does not exist)">patlıcan beğendi</a></i> (aubergine purée), basil, thyme and <a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">bay leaf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JHFEHJBAAH_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHFEHJBAAH-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skender_kebap" title="İskender kebap">İskender kebap</a></b></i> – döner kebab served with yogurt, tomato sauce and butter, originated in <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>. This kebab was invented by İskender Efendi in 1867. He was inspired from Cağ kebab and turned it from horizontal to vertical.</li> <li><i>İslim kebabı</i>, 'steamed kebab' – Another version of the aubergine kebab without its skin, marinated in sunflower oil.<sup id="cite_ref-JHFEHJBAAH_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHFEHJBAAH-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHBADADDED-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%9F%C4%B1t_kebab%C4%B1" title="Kağıt kebabı">Kağıt kebabı</a></b></i> – Lamb cooked in a paper wrapping.<sup id="cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHBADADDED-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kuzu_%C5%9Fi%C5%9F" title="Kuzu şiş">Kuzu şiş</a></b></i> – Shish prepared with marinated milk-fed lamb meat.</li> <li><i><b>Manisa Kebab</b></i> – This Manisa region version of the kebab is smaller and flat size shish meat on the sliced pide bread, flavored with butter, and stuffed with tomato, garlic and green pepper.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Patl%C4%B1can_kebab%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Patlıcan kebabı">Patlıcan kebabı</a></b></i>, 'aubergine kebab' – Special kebap meat marinated in spices and served with <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a> (aubergine), hot pide bread and a yogurt sauce.<sup id="cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHBADADDED-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap" class="mw-redirect" title="Şiş kebap"><b>Shish kebap</b></a></i> – is a dish consisting of small cubes of meat or fish threaded on a skewer and grilled. <i>Şiş</i>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[ʃiʃ]</a></span>, is a Turkish word meaning "sword" or "skewer".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to tradition, the dish was invented by medieval soldiers who used their swords to grill meat over open-field fires.<sup id="cite_ref-Check_on_Google_Books2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Check_on_Google_Books2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Turkey, shish kebab does not normally contain vegetables, though they may be cooked on a separate skewer.<sup id="cite_ref-Raichlen20082_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raichlen20082-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be prepared with lamb, beef, chicken, or fish, but pork is not used. The <a href="/wiki/Pontian_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontian Greeks">Pontian Greeks</a> made a dish similar to shish kebabs, although theirs were cooked in a saucepan.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Tavuk şiş</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a>-<a href="/wiki/Marinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinate">marinated</a> chicken grilled on a stick.<sup id="cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHBADADDED-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>Testi kebabı</b></i>, 'earthenware-jug kebab' – is a dish from <a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Anatolia">Central Anatolia</a> and the Mid-Western <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea region</a>, consisting of a mixture of meat and vegetables cooked in a clay pot or jug over fire (<i>testi</i> means <i>jug</i> in Turkish). The pot is sealed with bread dough or foil and is broken when serving.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kufta_Kebab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kufta_Kebab.jpg/220px-Kufta_Kebab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kufta_Kebab.jpg/330px-Kufta_Kebab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kufta_Kebab.jpg/440px-Kufta_Kebab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a> kebab with <a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">naan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>South Asia has a rich kebab tradition with a great variety of different kebab dishes. Many modern kebabs in <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani cuisine</a> trace their origins back to the time of the <a href="/wiki/Mughals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughals">Mughals</a> and the strong influence of <a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughlai cuisine</a>. Kebab dishes common to one or more of these countries include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tandoori_kebab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tandoori kebab (page does not exist)">Tandoori kebab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">تندوری کباب</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naga_doner_kebab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naga doner kebab (page does not exist)">Naga doner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tikka_kebab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tikka kebab (page does not exist)">Tikka kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathi_Kebab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathi Kebab (page does not exist)">Kathi Kebab</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Paratha" title="Paratha">Porota</a> Kababs, kebab wraps)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shami_kebab" title="Shami kebab">Shami kebab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شامی کباب</span></span>) – A Shami kebab is a small patty of minced beef or chicken and ground <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a> and spices.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seekh_kebab" title="Seekh kebab">Seekh kebab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سيخ کباب</span></span>) – A long skewer of beef mixed with herbs and seasonings, it takes its name from the skewer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunde_ke_kabab" title="Tunde ke kabab">Tunde ke kabab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ٹنڈے کے کباب</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_kebab" title="Bun kebab">Bun kebab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بن کباب</span></span>) – A unique kebab sandwich with beef, lamb, fish or chicken.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatkora_doner_kebab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shatkora doner kebab (page does not exist)">Shatkora doner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapli_kebab" title="Chapli kebab">Chapli kebab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چپلی کباب</span></span>) – A spiced, tangy round kebab made of ground beef and cooked in animal fat. A speciality of <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihari kebab">Bihari kebab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بہاری کباب</span></span>) – Skewer of beef mixed with herbs and seasoning.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmi_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmi kebab">Kalmi kebab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کلمی کباب</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheesh_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheesh kebab">Sheesh kebab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شیش کباب</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burrah_kebab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burrah kebab (page does not exist)">Burrah kebab</a> – made from goat or lamb chops, liberally <a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">marinated</a> with spices and charcoal grilled.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chopan_Kebab_(4310721741).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chopan_Kebab_%284310721741%29.jpg/220px-Chopan_Kebab_%284310721741%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chopan_Kebab_%284310721741%29.jpg/330px-Chopan_Kebab_%284310721741%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chopan_Kebab_%284310721741%29.jpg/440px-Chopan_Kebab_%284310721741%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Chopan kebab being prepared in Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> <p>Afghan kebab (<a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari language">Dari</a>: کباب) is most often found in restaurants and outdoor vendor stalls. The most widely used meat is lamb. Recipes differ with every restaurant. In <a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan cuisine</a>, kebab is served with naan, rarely rice, and customers have the option to sprinkle <a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">sumac</a> or <i>ghora</i>, dried ground sour grapes, on their kebab. The quality of kebab is solely dependent on the quality of the meat. Pieces of fat from the sheep's tail (jijeq) are usually added with the lamb <a href="/wiki/Skewer" title="Skewer">skewers</a> to add extra flavor. </p><p>Other popular kebabs include the <a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">lamb chop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ribs_(food)" title="Ribs (food)">ribs</a>, beef, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_meat" title="Buffalo meat">buffalo</a>, and chicken. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chapli_kebab" title="Chapli kebab">Chapli kebab</a>, a specialty of Eastern Afghanistan, is a patty made from beef mince. It is prepared flat and round, and served with naan. The original recipe of chapli kebab dictates a half meat (or less), half flour mixture, which renders it lighter in taste and less expensive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_chicken_kebab_shop_in_dhaka_201-901-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_chicken_kebab_shop_in_dhaka_201-901-09.jpg/250px-A_chicken_kebab_shop_in_dhaka_201-901-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_chicken_kebab_shop_in_dhaka_201-901-09.jpg/330px-A_chicken_kebab_shop_in_dhaka_201-901-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_chicken_kebab_shop_in_dhaka_201-901-09.jpg/500px-A_chicken_kebab_shop_in_dhaka_201-901-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3148" data-file-height="2414" /></a><figcaption>A kebab shop in <a href="/wiki/Dhaka,_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhaka, Bangladesh">Dhaka, Bangladesh</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Bangladesh they make variations of kebab (Bengali কাবাব or "Kabab"). In the old <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal Subah</a>'s capital of Dhaka, various Pakistani and Indian-influenced dishes started to be made. Amongst these were kebabs. In <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi cuisine</a>, most kebabs are made using fish or beef. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian cuisine</a></div> <p>Modern-day kebabs in India mostly trace their origin to the influence of <a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughlai cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Indian kebabs have very specific geographic attributions, such as Kakori kebab, which is made of finely ground, soft mince and attributed to the city of <a href="/wiki/Kakori" title="Kakori">Kakori</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, where legend has it that it was first prepared for old and toothless pilgrims.<sup id="cite_ref-Avadh_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avadh-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistani_Food_Beef_Kabobs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pakistani_Food_Beef_Kabobs.jpg/220px-Pakistani_Food_Beef_Kabobs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pakistani_Food_Beef_Kabobs.jpg/330px-Pakistani_Food_Beef_Kabobs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pakistani_Food_Beef_Kabobs.jpg/440px-Pakistani_Food_Beef_Kabobs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Pakistani-style seekh kebabs</figcaption></figure> <p>In Pakistan kebabs trace back their origin during the time of the Mughals <a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughlai cuisine</a>, and their influence on the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">cuisine of modern-day Pakistan</a>. There are all sorts of kebab varieties such as seekh, chapli, shammi and other forms of roasted and grilled meats. As Pakistan is a predominantly Muslim country, pork is not used. Instead meats like beef, chicken, lamb, fish and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_meat" title="Buffalo meat">buff</a> are used in the making of kebabs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Satay</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sate-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sate-2.JPG/220px-Sate-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sate-2.JPG/330px-Sate-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sate-2.JPG/440px-Sate-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>Grilled chicken <a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">satay</a> served with <a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">peanut sauce</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Satay</i> is a kebab of seasoned, skewered, and grilled meat, served with a sauce.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a dish of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, particularly Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_-_Satay_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion_-_Satay-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Satay may consist of diced or sliced chicken, goat, lamb, mutton, beef, pork, fish, other meats, or <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a>. Traditionally skewers from the midrib of the <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> palm frond are used, although <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> skewers are often used instead. It is grilled or barbecued over a wood or charcoal fire with spicy seasonings. It may be served with various sauces, though most often a combination of <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">peanut sauce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, peanut sauce is often called satay sauce.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Satay was developed by <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Javanese</a> street vendors as a unique adaptation of Indian kebab.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_-_Satay_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion_-_Satay-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Street_Food_Around_the_World-183_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_Food_Around_the_World-183-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The introduction of satay, and other now-iconic dishes such as <i><a href="/wiki/Tongseng" title="Tongseng">tongseng</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Gulai" title="Gulai">gulai</a> kambing</i> based on meats such as goat and lamb, coincided with an influx of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Indonesian">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Indonesian">Arab</a> traders and immigrants starting in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN-Tongseng_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-Tongseng-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is available almost anywhere in Indonesia, where it has become a <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN40-Indonesia_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN40-Indonesia-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNGo_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNGo-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sri Lanka, it has become a staple of the local diet as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Malays" title="Sri Lankan Malays">influences from the local Malay community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sub-Saharan_Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sosatie" title="Sosatie">Sosatie</a></i> (plural <i>sosaties</i>) is a traditional <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> dish of meat (usually lamb or mutton) cooked on skewers.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term derives from <i><a href="/wiki/Sate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sate">sate</a></i> ("skewered meat") and <i>saus</i> (spicy sauce). It is of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Malay">Cape Malay</a> origin. Sosatie recipes vary, but commonly the ingredients can include cubes of lamb, beef, chicken, dried apricots, red onions and mixed peppers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West_Africa">West Africa</h4></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Suya" title="Suya">Suya</a></i> is a spicy kebab which is a popular food item in West Africa that originated in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Culture_Trip_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Culture_Trip-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eke-2013_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eke-2013-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is traditionally prepared by the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> and some parts of Sudan (where it is called <i>agashe</i>). </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Kyinkyinga" title="Kyinkyinga">Kyinkyinga</a></i> is common and popular in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raichlen_2015_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raichlen_2015-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Raichlen_Fink_2008_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raichlen_Fink_2008-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Ghanaian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghanaian">Ghanaian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dish_(food)" title="Dish (food)">dish</a>, very similar to or synonymous with the Hausa <i>suya</i> kebab, also known as <i>sooya, tsinga, chichinga, tsire agashi, chachanga</i> or <i>tankora</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Osseo-Asare_2005_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osseo-Asare_2005-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dako_2003_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dako_2003-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adjonyoh_2017_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adjonyoh_2017-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_variants">Other variants</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ćevapi"><span id=".C4.86evapi"></span>Ćevapi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%C4%86evapi" title="Ćevapi">Ćevapi</a></div> <p><i>Ćevapi</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sh-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[tɕɛv̞ǎːpi]</a></span>) or <i>ćevapčići</i> (formal <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sh-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[tɕɛv̞ǎptʃitɕi]</a></span>, <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr-Cyrl">ћевапчићи</span></span>), which comes from the word <i>kebab</i>, is a grilled dish of minced meat, a type of skinless sausage, found traditionally in the countries of <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Europe">southeastern Europe</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>). They are considered a national dish in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are also common in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. Ćevapi has its origins in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman period</a>, and represents a regional speciality similar to the <a href="/wiki/Kofte_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Kofte kebab">kofte kebab</a>. A dish with similar origins is in Romania called <a href="/wiki/Mititei" title="Mititei">mititei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceva_Bun_2009_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceva_Bun_2009-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinchitos">Pinchitos</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pinchitos" title="Pinchitos">Pinchitos</a></div> <p><i>Pinchitos</i> or <i>Pinchos Morunos</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Moorish" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish">Moorish</a>-derived kebab dish in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish cuisine</a>. The name <i>pinchitos</i> is used in the southern <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Spanish autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>. They consist of small cubes of meat threaded onto a skewer (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">pincho</i>) which are traditionally cooked over charcoal <a href="/wiki/Brazier" title="Brazier">braziers</a>. Similar dishes in North Africa or other <a href="/wiki/Muslim_majority_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim majority countries">Muslim majority countries</a> tend to be lamb-based, but pork and chicken are the most popular meats for the dish in Spain. Pinchitos are also extremely popular in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, due to the heavy influence <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> had in Venezuelan cuisine during many years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shashlik">Shashlik</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">Shashlik</a></div> <p><i>Shashlik</i> is similar to, or sometimes a synonym for, shish kebab. It is popular in many countries, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_and_Central_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern and Central Europe">Eastern and Central Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Baltics" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltics">Baltics</a>. In non-Muslim-majority countries, shashlik and equivalent dishes like <a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Frig%C4%83rui" title="Frigărui">frigărui</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may sometimes be prepared with pork. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kebab_in_Western_culture">Kebab in Western culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rullakebab,_Lappeenranta,_helmikuu_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rullakebab%2C_Lappeenranta%2C_helmikuu_2016.jpg/220px-Rullakebab%2C_Lappeenranta%2C_helmikuu_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rullakebab%2C_Lappeenranta%2C_helmikuu_2016.jpg/330px-Rullakebab%2C_Lappeenranta%2C_helmikuu_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rullakebab%2C_Lappeenranta%2C_helmikuu_2016.jpg/440px-Rullakebab%2C_Lappeenranta%2C_helmikuu_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4028" data-file-height="2576" /></a><figcaption><i>Rullakebab</i>, a roll wrapped kebab in <a href="/wiki/Lappeenranta" title="Lappeenranta">Lappeenranta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kebab cuisine has spread around the world together with Muslim influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although non-Muslim <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Westerners</a> may be increasingly familiar with some of the many other international kebab dishes, only two have become an established and widely popular part of the culture in many Western countries. In English, the word <i>kebab</i> commonly refers to <i>shish kebab</i> and, outside of North America, to <i>döner kebab</i> or related fast-food dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These dishes are also served in many other countries, where they may have different names.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_English_Dictionary_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_English_Dictionary-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-larGast_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larGast-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kebabs have also met opposition: in Italy, several cities banned kebab shops in order to preserve Italian culinary culture.<sup id="cite_ref-italykebab_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-italykebab-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many protested against these bans as "racist".<sup id="cite_ref-italykebab_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-italykebab-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shish_kebab">Shish kebab</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg/220px-%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg/330px-%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg/440px-%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_kebap_and_pilav.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Shish kebab on a plate</figcaption></figure> <p>In English, <i>kebab</i>, or in North America also <i>kabob</i>, often occurring as <i>shish kebab</i>, is now a culinary term for small pieces of meat cooked on a skewer.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>kebab</i>, most likely derived from Persian,<sup id="cite_ref-Zubaida_2010_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zubaida_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been used with various spellings in this sense since at least the 17th century,<sup id="cite_ref-OED_cabob_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED_cabob-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> records the earliest known publication of the term <i>shish kebab</i>, derived from Turkish: <i lang="tr">şiş kebap</i>, in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_shish_kebab_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED_shish_kebab-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two etymologies suggested for Shish Kabob in the Persian dictionary of Dehkhoda: Shish being the Persian word "Shish" for the number 6, which refers to the original six pieces of meat of a standard Kabob skewer, or "Shish" being driven from Late Middle Persian "Sich" meaning a skewer. The word "Kabob" is most probably driven from the Arhameic word kbābā (to roast).<sup id="cite_ref-definition_of_Kabob_in_Dehkhoda_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definition_of_Kabob_in_Dehkhoda-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many English-speaking countries, it refers to the now well-known dish prepared with marinated meat or seafood together with vegetables such as onions, tomatoes, and bell peppers threaded onto the skewer, also sometimes known as <i><a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">shashlik</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-definition_of_shashlik_by_The_Free_Dictionary_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definition_of_shashlik_by_The_Free_Dictionary-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This preparation is different from the typical Turkish shish kebab style, where vegetables are usually cooked on a separate skewer.<sup id="cite_ref-Raichlen20082_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raichlen20082-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shish kebabs are customarily prepared in homes and restaurants, and are usually cooked on a grill or barbecue, or roasted in an oven. </p><p>The word <i>kebab</i> may also be used as a general term in English to describe any similar-looking skewered food, such as <a href="/wiki/Brochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochette">brochette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">satay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">souvlaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakitori" title="Yakitori">yakitori</a>, or numerous small chunks of any type of food served on a stick. This is different from its use in the West Asia, where <i>shish</i> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_language" title="Mazanderani language">Mazandarani</a>: شیش, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">şiş</i>) is the word for skewer, while <i>kebab</i> comes from the word for grilling.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doner_kebab">Doner kebab</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Doner kebab</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donner_Kebab,_Cologne,_Germany_(1057919169).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg/220px-Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg/330px-Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg/440px-Donner_Kebab%2C_Cologne%2C_Germany_%281057919169%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A German-style <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Döner</i></span></figcaption></figure> <p>English speakers from countries outside North America may also use the word <i>kebab</i> generally to mean the popular <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a> version of the Turkish döner kebab,<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_English_Dictionary_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_English_Dictionary-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the related shawarma or gyros, and the sandwiches made with them, available from <a href="/wiki/Kebab_shop" title="Kebab shop">kebab shops</a> as take-away meals. This usage may be found in some non-English parts of Europe as well. In North America, the Greek variant gyros is most widely known.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The döner kebab originated in 19th century Turkey, but it became widely popular in the West only in the latter half of the 20th century. Many layers of meat are stacked onto a large vertical rotating spit; the outer surface is gradually cooked and sliced off, and typically served either mixed or topped with vegetables and sauces in a sandwich made with <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Flatbreads" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbreads">flatbreads</a>. Certain regional variants also include cheeses. Sandwiches served in the same manner, but with other meats or cheese, may also sometimes be called a "kebab". It is available in most parts of Europe, and many other countries, though sometimes with different names or serving styles. In Germany, the highly popular sandwich, introduced by Turkish immigrants, is called a <i>Döner</i>, though Arab shops there serve <i>shawarma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_dishes">Similar dishes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Skewer" title="Skewer">Skewer</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <dl><dt>Americas</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_chicken" title="City chicken">City chicken</a> (U.S.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiedie" title="Spiedie">Spiedies</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticucho" title="Anticucho">Anticuchos</a> (Andean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espetinho" class="mw-redirect" title="Espetinho">Espetinho</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a>)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <dl><dt>Africa</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosatie" title="Sosatie">Sosatie</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suya" title="Suya">Suya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyinkyinga" title="Kyinkyinga">Kyinkyinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a>)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <dl><dt>Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuan_(food)" title="Chuan (food)">Chuan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kkochi" title="Kkochi">Kkochi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeok" title="Jeok">jeok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiyaki" title="Kushiyaki">Kushiyaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kushikatsu" title="Kushikatsu">kushikatsu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Satay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian cuisine">Indonesian, Malaysian, Singaporean and Thai</a>)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <dl><dt>Europe</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kebakko" title="Kebakko">Kebakko</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochette">Brochette</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espetada" title="Espetada">Espetada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">Souvlaki</a> (Σουβλάκι; <a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchitos" title="Pinchitos">Pinchitos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">Shashlik</a> (Шашлык; <a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a>)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_barbecue_dishes" title="List of barbecue dishes">List of barbecue dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kebabs" title="List of kebabs">List of kebabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spit-roasted_foods" title="List of spit-roasted foods">List of spit-roasted foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek cuisine</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">كباب</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">kabāb</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كباب</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">kabāb</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[kaˈbaːb]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">kebap</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[ceˈbap]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d5\/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-kebap.wav\/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-kebap.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-kebap.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-kebap.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-kebap.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q256_(tur)-ToprakM-kebap.wav" title="File:LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-kebap.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarks2010" class="citation book cs1">Marks, Gil (17 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC"><i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Food</i></a>. HMH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-544-18631-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-544-18631-6"><bdi>978-0-544-18631-6</bdi></a>. <q>The Persian term was adopted by medieval Arabs and Turks as kebab</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+Food&rft.pub=HMH&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft.isbn=978-0-544-18631-6&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgFK_yx7Ps7cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803050611/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kebab">"kebab – definition of kebab in English"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionaries</i>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kebab">the original</a> on 3 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=kebab+%E2%80%93+definition+of+kebab+in+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fkebab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_Companion-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (2014). Jaine, Tom (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA442"><i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 442. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191040726" title="Special:BookSources/9780191040726"><bdi>9780191040726</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=442&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780191040726&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbIIeBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akin_2015-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Akin_2015_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkin2015" class="citation book cs1">Akin, Engin (6 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dsKDCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT287"><i>Essential Turkish Cuisine</i></a>. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781613128718" title="Special:BookSources/9781613128718"><bdi>9781613128718</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Turkish+Cuisine&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=2015-10-06&rft.isbn=9781613128718&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=Engin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdsKDCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarks2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Marks, Gil</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&pg=PT920"><i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Food</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-544-18631-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-544-18631-6"><bdi>978-0-544-18631-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+Food&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-544-18631-6&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgFK_yx7Ps7cC%26pg%3DPT920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zubaida_2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zubaida_2010_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zubaida_2010_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zubaida_2010_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zubaida_2010_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZubaida2010" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Zubaida" title="Sami Zubaida">Zubaida, Sami</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ilvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT385">"Vocabularies of Middle Eastern Food"</a>. In Hosking, Richard (ed.). <i>Food and Language: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cooking 2009</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Symposium_on_Food_and_Cookery" title="Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery">Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Prospect Books">Prospect Books</a>. p. 386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903018-79-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903018-79-8"><bdi>978-1-903018-79-8</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Vocabularies+of+Middle+Eastern+Food&rft.btitle=Food+and+Language%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Oxford+Symposium+on+Food+and+Cooking+2009&rft.pages=386&rft.pub=Prospect+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-903018-79-8&rft.aulast=Zubaida&rft.aufirst=Sami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ilvBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sozluk.gov.tr">"Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri"</a>. <i>Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=T%C3%BCrk+Dil+Kurumu+S%C3%B6zl%C3%BCkleri&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrk+Dil+Kurumu+S%C3%B6zl%C3%BCkleri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsozluk.gov.tr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Online-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Online_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=kebap">"Nişanyan Sevan, Sözlerin Soyağacı, Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojik Sözlüğü"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922030819/http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=kebap">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ni%C5%9Fanyan+Sevan%2C+S%C3%B6zlerin+Soya%C4%9Fac%C4%B1%2C+%C3%87a%C4%9Fda%C5%9F+T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7enin+Etimolojik+S%C3%B6zl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nisanyansozluk.com%2F%3Fk%3Dkebap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Semitic_Roots-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Semitic_Roots_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editors_of_the_American_Heritage_Dictionaries" class="citation web cs1">The Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/semitic.html">"Appendix II – Semitic Roots"</a>. <i>American Heritage Dictionary</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Appendix+II+%E2%80%93+Semitic+Roots&rft.au=The+Editors+of+the+American+Heritage+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsemitic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orel_Stolbova-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orel_Stolbova_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVladimir_OrelOlga_V._Stolbova1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Orel" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Orel">Vladimir Orel</a>; Olga V. 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Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Historical+Dictionary+of+Indian+Food&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Achaya&rft.aufirst=K.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShilcutt2014" class="citation web cs1">Shilcutt, Katharine (9 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.houstoniamag.com/eat-and-drink/2014/04/worlds-second-largest-doner-kebap-chain-headed-to-houston-april-2014">"World's Second-Largest Döner Kebap Chain Headed to Houston"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houstonia_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Houstonia Magazine">Houstonia Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houstonia+Magazine&rft.atitle=World%27s+Second-Largest+D%C3%B6ner+Kebap+Chain+Headed+to+Houston&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft.aulast=Shilcutt&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstoniamag.com%2Feat-and-drink%2F2014%2F04%2Fworlds-second-largest-doner-kebap-chain-headed-to-houston-april-2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED_cabob-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OED_cabob_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OED_cabob_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED2-cabob" class="citation book cs1">"cabob". <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=cabob&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dictionary.com-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dictionary.com_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kebab">"Kebab"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Kebab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fkebab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Street_Foods-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Street_Foods_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatalasYannakoulia2000" class="citation book cs1">Matalas, Antonia-Leda; Yannakoulia, Mary (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QQgwVl22fXkC&pg=PA6">"Greek Street Food Vending: An Old Habit Turned New"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Artemis_Simopoulos" title="Artemis Simopoulos">Simopoulos, Artemis P.</a>; Bhat, Ramesh Venkataramana (eds.). <i>Street Foods</i>. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8055-6927-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8055-6927-9"><bdi>978-3-8055-6927-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greek+Street+Food+Vending%3A+An+Old+Habit+Turned+New&rft.btitle=Street+Foods&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Karger+Medical+and+Scientific+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-8055-6927-9&rft.aulast=Matalas&rft.aufirst=Antonia-Leda&rft.au=Yannakoulia%2C+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQQgwVl22fXkC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Food_Timeline:_history_notes--sandwiches-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Food_Timeline:_history_notes--sandwiches_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodsandwiches.html#gyros">"The Gyro, a Greek Sandwich, Selling Like Hot Dogs"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 4 September 1971. p. 23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Gyro%2C+a+Greek+Sandwich%2C+Selling+Like+Hot+Dogs&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1971-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodtimeline.org%2Ffoodsandwiches.html%23gyros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greece_Is-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greece_Is_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTassoula_Eptakili2015" class="citation web cs1">Tassoula Eptakili (9 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greece-is.com/prehistoric-gastronomy-2/">"Prehistoric Gastronomy"</a>. <i>Greece Is</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greece+Is&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+Gastronomy&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft.au=Tassoula+Eptakili&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greece-is.com%2Fprehistoric-gastronomy-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-David_L._Gold-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-David_L._Gold_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGold2009" class="citation book cs1">Gold, David L. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l015C5vm1XkC&pg=PA323"><i>Studies in Etymology and Etiology With Emphasis on Germanic, Jewish, Romance and Slavic Languages</i></a>. Universidad de Alicante. p. 323. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7908-517-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7908-517-9"><bdi>978-84-7908-517-9</bdi></a>. <q>Greeks and Turks also battle over the similar dishes which the first call <i>soublaki</i> (> english <i>souvlaki</i>) and the second <i>şiş kebabı</i> (> English <i>shish kebab</i>), each claiming to be the originators.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Etymology+and+Etiology+With+Emphasis+on+Germanic%2C+Jewish%2C+Romance+and+Slavic+Languages&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Alicante&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-84-7908-517-9&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl015C5vm1XkC%26pg%3DPA323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jamie_Oliver_Recipes-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jamie_Oliver_Recipes_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamieoliver.com/recipes/pork-recipes/souvlaki-wicked-kebabs/">"Souvlaki (Wicked kebabs)"</a>. <i>Jamie Oliver Recipes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jamie+Oliver+Recipes&rft.atitle=Souvlaki+%28Wicked+kebabs%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamieoliver.com%2Frecipes%2Fpork-recipes%2Fsouvlaki-wicked-kebabs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petrosian_2011-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petrosian_2011_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetrosian2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Petrosian, Irina (2011). Albala, Ken (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NTo6c_PJWRgC&pg=RA3-PA4"><i>Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia</i></a>. Vol. 4: Europe. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313376269" title="Special:BookSources/9780313376269"><bdi>9780313376269</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Cultures+of+the+World+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780313376269&rft.aulast=Petrosian&rft.aufirst=Irina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNTo6c_PJWRgC%26pg%3DRA3-PA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petrosian_Underwood_2006-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Petrosian_Underwood_2006_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Petrosian_Underwood_2006_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetrosianUnderwood2006" class="citation book cs1">Petrosian, Irina; Underwood, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0oXYX9Qzx9oC&pg=PA72"><i>Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore</i></a>. Yerkir Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781411698659" title="Special:BookSources/9781411698659"><bdi>9781411698659</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenian+Food%3A+Fact%2C+Fiction+%26+Folklore&rft.pub=Yerkir+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781411698659&rft.aulast=Petrosian&rft.aufirst=Irina&rft.au=Underwood%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0oXYX9Qzx9oC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaida_1992-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shaida_1992_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShaida1992" class="citation conference cs1">Shaida, Margaret (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FrWgDRkS90EC&pg=PA272"><i>Chellow Kabab – The National Dish of Iran</i></a>. Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1991: Public Eating. [London]: Prospect Books. p. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780907325475" title="Special:BookSources/9780907325475"><bdi>9780907325475</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Chellow+Kabab+%E2%80%93+The+National+Dish+of+Iran&rft.place=%5BLondon%5D&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Prospect+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780907325475&rft.aulast=Shaida&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFrWgDRkS90EC%26pg%3DPA272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Financial_Tribune_Daily-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Financial_Tribune_Daily_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811205957/http://financialtribune.com/archive/2015/09/19/articles/travel/12198/5000-bonab-kebabs-day">"5,000 Bonab Kebabs per Day"</a>. <i>Financial Tribune Daily</i>. 1 March 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://financialtribune.com/archive/2015/09/19/articles/travel/12198/5000-bonab-kebabs-day">the original</a> on 11 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Tribune+Daily&rft.atitle=5%2C000+Bonab+Kebabs+per+Day&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinancialtribune.com%2Farchive%2F2015%2F09%2F19%2Farticles%2Ftravel%2F12198%2F5000-bonab-kebabs-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana-Haeri_2014-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dana-Haeri_2014_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDana-Haeri2014" class="citation book cs1">Dana-Haeri, Jila (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ElrXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117"><i>From a Persian kitchen : fresh discoveries in Iranian cooking</i></a>. London: I.B.Tauris. pp. <span class="nowrap">117–</span>118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780768014" title="Special:BookSources/9781780768014"><bdi>9781780768014</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/859880780">859880780</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+a+Persian+kitchen+%3A+fresh+discoveries+in+Iranian+cooking&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E118&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F859880780&rft.isbn=9781780768014&rft.aulast=Dana-Haeri&rft.aufirst=Jila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DElrXAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecaspianchef.com/2019/05/21/marinated-tangy-kebabs-in-pomegranate-and-herbs/">"Kabab Torsh"</a>. <i>thecaspianchef</i>. 21 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thecaspianchef&rft.atitle=Kabab+Torsh&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecaspianchef.com%2F2019%2F05%2F21%2Fmarinated-tangy-kebabs-in-pomegranate-and-herbs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMansel2016" class="citation book cs1">Mansel, Philip (28 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Aleppo.html?id=ddOLDwAAQBAJ"><i>Aleppo: The Rise and Fall of Syria's Great Merchant City</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85772-924-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85772-924-8"><bdi>978-0-85772-924-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aleppo%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Syria%27s+Great+Merchant+City&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016-02-28&rft.isbn=978-0-85772-924-8&rft.aulast=Mansel&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FAleppo.html%3Fid%3DddOLDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JHFEHJBAAH-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JHFEHJBAAH_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JHFEHJBAAH_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JHFEHJBAAH_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JHFEHJBAAH_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Turkish Cookery</i> by M.Günür <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/975-479-100-7" title="Special:BookSources/975-479-100-7">975-479-100-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultur.gov.tr/TR/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?4C64CBA40EAEACBD6407999D5EC50F894E28CAAAE37831E5">Kebab aux petits oignons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150114125756/http://www.kultur.gov.tr/TR/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?4C64CBA40EAEACBD6407999D5EC50F894E28CAAAE37831E5">Archived</a> 14 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHBADADDED-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHBADADDED_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Complete Book of Turkish Cooking</i>, A.Algar (1985) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7103-0334-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7103-0334-3">0-7103-0334-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth F. Kiple, Kriemhild Coneè Ornelas, eds., <i>Cambridge World History of Food</i>, Cambridge, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-40216-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-40216-6">0-521-40216-6</a>. Vol. 2, p. 1147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berlin2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Berlin2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24685617">"Doner kebab 'inventor' Kadir Nurman dies in Berlin"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Doner+kebab+%27inventor%27+Kadir+Nurman+dies+in+Berlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-24685617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlenn_Randall_Mack,_Asele_Surina2005" class="citation book cs1">Glenn Randall Mack, Asele Surina (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j7MTx_zcIR0C&q=shish+means&pg=PA84"><i>Food culture in Russia and Central Asia</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. <span class="nowrap">83–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313327735" title="Special:BookSources/9780313327735"><bdi>9780313327735</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+culture+in+Russia+and+Central+Asia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E83-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780313327735&rft.au=Glenn+Randall+Mack%2C+Asele+Surina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj7MTx_zcIR0C%26q%3Dshish%2Bmeans%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama=gts&guid=TDK.GTS.50edae19e898e3.90915487">Internet dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114070832/http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama=gts&guid=TDK.GTS.50edae19e898e3.90915487">Archived</a> 14 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Language_Association" title="Turkish Language Association">Turkish Language Association</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Check_on_Google_Books2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Check_on_Google_Books2_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Food Around the World, p.45, Oxford University Press, 1986, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tHL_m9zwtS0C&q=Turkish+soldiers">Check on Google Books</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101135917/https://books.google.com/books?id=tHL_m9zwtS0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Turkish%20soldiers">Archived</a> 1 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com2_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Middle Eastern Kitchen, Ghillie Basan Hippocrene Books, 2007, p.70, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-7wnpIi3VRwC&dq=kebab+invented+turkish+soldiers&pg=PA70">Check on Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raichlen20082-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raichlen20082_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raichlen20082_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Raichlen2008" class="citation book cs1">Steven Raichlen (28 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kibIQBCGmmwC&pg=PA214"><i>The Barbecue! Bible 10th Anniversary Edition</i></a>. Workman Publishing Company. pp. 214–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-5957-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-5957-5"><bdi>978-0-7611-5957-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Barbecue%21+Bible+10th+Anniversary+Edition&rft.pages=214-&rft.pub=Workman+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2008-05-28&rft.isbn=978-0-7611-5957-5&rft.au=Steven+Raichlen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkibIQBCGmmwC%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pontosnews.gr/442023/syntages/pontiaka-choirina-souvlakia-me-atzika/">"Pontian pork skewers with atzika and tsatsibeli"</a>. Pontos News. 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pontian+pork+skewers+with+atzika+and+tsatsibeli&rft.pub=Pontos+News&rft.date=2020-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pontosnews.gr%2F442023%2Fsyntages%2Fpontiaka-choirina-souvlakia-me-atzika%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Rough Guide to Europe on a Budget</i>. Rough Guides. 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780241307816" title="Special:BookSources/9780241307816"><bdi>9780241307816</bdi></a>. <q>Slightly up-market though still good value, sleek kebab restaurant, serving Armenian and Pontian dishes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Europe+on+a+Budget&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780241307816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zelvehotel-restaurant.com/en/restaurant.shtml">Testi kebab: a specialty of Cappadocia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120180925/http://zelvehotel-restaurant.com/en/restaurant.shtml">Archived</a> 20 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on 22 May 2009 (scroll to the bottom of the page)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Avadh-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Avadh_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJiggs2005" class="citation book cs1">Jiggs, Kaira (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jW5XVl4o-iQC&pg=PT14"><i>Jiggs Kalra's Classic Cooking Of Avadh</i></a>. Allied Publishers. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7764-567-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7764-567-5"><bdi>978-81-7764-567-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jiggs+Kalra%27s+Classic+Cooking+Of+Avadh&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7764-567-5&rft.aulast=Jiggs&rft.aufirst=Kaira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjW5XVl4o-iQC%26pg%3DPT14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodreference.com/html/grilled-beef-satay.html">"Grilled Beef Satay"</a>. Food Reference.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grilled+Beef+Satay&rft.pub=Food+Reference.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodreference.com%2Fhtml%2Fgrilled-beef-satay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_Companion_-_Satay-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_-_Satay_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_-_Satay_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlan.2006" class="citation book cs1">Alan., Davidson (2006). <i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191018251" title="Special:BookSources/9780191018251"><bdi>9780191018251</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/862049879">862049879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F862049879&rft.isbn=9780191018251&rft.aulast=Alan.&rft.aufirst=Davidson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarx1996" class="citation book cs1">Marx, Pamela (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traveltheworldco00marx"><i>The Travel-the-world Cookbook</i></a></span>. Good Year Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traveltheworldco00marx/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780673362544" title="Special:BookSources/9780673362544"><bdi>9780673362544</bdi></a>. <q>indonesian satay peanut sauce.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Travel-the-world+Cookbook&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Good+Year+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780673362544&rft.aulast=Marx&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftraveltheworldco00marx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/may/02/peanut-butter-satay-sauce-recipes">"Peanut butter and satay sauce – recipe"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 2 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Peanut+butter+and+satay+sauce+%E2%80%93+recipe&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2014%2Fmay%2F02%2Fpeanut-butter-satay-sauce-recipes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Street_Food_Around_the_World-183-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Street_Food_Around_the_World-183_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruce_KraigColleen_Taylor_Sen2013" class="citation book cs1">Bruce Kraig; Colleen Taylor Sen (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9XCjAQAAQBAJ&q=sate%2Fsatay"><i>Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598849554" title="Special:BookSources/9781598849554"><bdi>9781598849554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Street+Food+Around+the+World%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Food+and+Culture&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781598849554&rft.au=Bruce+Kraig&rft.au=Colleen+Taylor+Sen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9XCjAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsate%252Fsatay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-Tongseng-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNN-Tongseng_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristina_Andhika_Setyanti2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Christina Andhika Setyanti (30 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20160830160605-262-154892/sepotong-sejarah-autentik-indonesia-dalam-semangkuk-tongseng/">"Sepotong Sejarah Autentik Indonesia dalam Semangkuk Tongseng"</a>. <i>CNN Indonesia</i> (in Indonesian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Indonesia&rft.atitle=Sepotong+Sejarah+Autentik+Indonesia+dalam+Semangkuk+Tongseng&rft.date=2016-08-30&rft.au=Christina+Andhika+Setyanti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnindonesia.com%2Fgaya-hidup%2F20160830160605-262-154892%2Fsepotong-sejarah-autentik-indonesia-dalam-semangkuk-tongseng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN40-Indonesia-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNN40-Indonesia_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSara_Schonhardt2016" class="citation news cs1">Sara Schonhardt (25 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/24/foodanddrink/40-indonesian-foods/">"40 Indonesian foods we can't live without"</a>. <i>CNN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=40+Indonesian+foods+we+can%27t+live+without&rft.date=2016-02-25&rft.au=Sara+Schonhardt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2016%2F02%2F24%2Ffoodanddrink%2F40-indonesian-foods%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOwen1999" class="citation book cs1">Owen, Sri (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r4yC_uDLnTQC&q=Satay+Indonesian+national+dish&pg=PA185"><i>Indonesian Regional Food and Cookery By Sri Owen</i></a>. Frances Lincoln. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780711212732" title="Special:BookSources/9780711212732"><bdi>9780711212732</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesian+Regional+Food+and+Cookery+By+Sri+Owen&rft.pub=Frances+Lincoln&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780711212732&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Sri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr4yC_uDLnTQC%26q%3DSatay%2BIndonesian%2Bnational%2Bdish%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNGo-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNNGo_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSara_Schonhardt_and_Melanie_Wood2011" class="citation web cs1">Sara Schonhardt and Melanie Wood (15 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/eat/40-foods-indonesians-cant-live-without-327106">"40 of Indonesia's best dishes"</a>. 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(2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yQEsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA251"><i>Planet Barbecue!: 309 Recipes, 60 Countries</i></a> (in German). Workman Publishing Company. p. 251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-6447-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-6447-0"><bdi>978-0-7611-6447-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arpjournals.com/docs/IJCR/IJCR%20volume%202%20issue%201/Paper%204.Eke%20et%20al.,%20IJCR.doc%202013%20vol%202.doc%20issue%2011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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UK: Hachette. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781784721985" title="Special:BookSources/9781784721985"><bdi>9781784721985</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoe%27s+Ghana+Kitchen&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781784721985&rft.aulast=Adjonyoh&rft.aufirst=Zoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/700826/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina">"Bosnia and Herzegovina"</a>. 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Encyclopædia Britannica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-787-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-787-2"><bdi>978-0-85229-787-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-85229-787-2&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaoVUAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmberEmber2001" class="citation book cs1">Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pssZAQAAIAAJ&q=cevapcici"><i>Countries and Their Cultures: Saint Kitts and Nevis to Zimbabwe</i></a>. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780028649467" title="Special:BookSources/9780028649467"><bdi>9780028649467</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Countries+and+Their+Cultures%3A+Saint+Kitts+and+Nevis+to+Zimbabwe&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780028649467&rft.aulast=Ember&rft.aufirst=Melvin&rft.au=Ember%2C+Carol+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpssZAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dcevapcici&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelserbia.info/serbian-cuisine.php">"Serbian cuisine"</a>. TravelSerbia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serbian+cuisine&rft.pub=TravelSerbia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelserbia.info%2Fserbian-cuisine.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ceva_Bun_2009-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ceva_Bun_2009_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cevabun.ro/mititeii-de-la-carul-cu-bere-povestea-reteta-proba/">"Reteta originala de mititei de la Caru cu Bere"</a>. <i>Ceva Bun</i> (in Romanian). 21 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=kebab+Definition+in+the+Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fkebab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larGast-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-larGast_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProsper_Montagne2001" class="citation book cs1">Prosper Montagne, ed. (2001). <a href="/wiki/Larousse_Gastronomique" title="Larousse Gastronomique"><i>Larousse Gastronomique</i></a>. 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"Italy". In Jocelyne Cesari (ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of European Islam</i>. p. 276. <q>One of the best ways to preserve Italian traditions and culinary culture has been the 'anti-kebab regulations' introduced in Brescia and Bergamo, in Bussolengo closed to Venice, and in Prato and Lucca in Tuscany...Italian civil society reacted firmly to these discriminatory practices... formed a coalition of protest against 'racist acts' and 'apartheid climax' using the defence of human rights</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Italy&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+European+Islam&rft.pages=276&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Chantal+Saint-Blancat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/italian-towns-kebab-ban-enrages-migrant-community/a-15300614">"Italian town's kebab ban enrages migrant community"</a>. 7 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Italian+town%27s+kebab+ban+enrages+migrant+community&rft.date=2011-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fitalian-towns-kebab-ban-enrages-migrant-community%2Fa-15300614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED_shish_kebab-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_shish_kebab_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED2-shish_kebab" class="citation book cs1">"shish kebab". <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=shish+kebab&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-definition_of_Kabob_in_Dehkhoda-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-definition_of_Kabob_in_Dehkhoda_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8">"Kabob - Dehkhoda"</a>. <i>Vajehyab</i> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bangladeshi_dishes" title="Template:Bangladeshi dishes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bangladeshi_dishes" title="Template talk:Bangladeshi dishes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladeshi_dishes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladeshi dishes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bangladesh&#124;link=Bangladesh_Bangladeshi_dishes367" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_dishes" title="List of Bangladeshi dishes">Bangladeshi dishes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main and side dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhni" title="Akhni">Akhni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_gosht" title="Aloo gosht">Alu gosht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satkara_Beef" title="Satkara Beef">Satkara Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">Biryani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haji_biryani" title="Haji biryani">Haji biryani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_karahi" title="Chicken karahi">Chicken korai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_tikka" title="Chicken tikka">Chicken tikka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durus_kura" title="Durus kura">Durus kura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosht" title="Gosht">Gosht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_Bamboo_Curry" title="Duck Bamboo Curry">Hash O Bash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalfrezi" title="Jalfrezi">Jalfrezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_bhuna" title="Kala bhuna">Kala bhuna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kebab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seekh_kebab" title="Seekh kebab">Seekh kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shami_kebab" title="Shami kebab">Shami kebab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keema_Matar" class="mw-redirect" title="Keema Matar">Keema matar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korma" title="Korma">Korma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezban" title="Mezban">Mezban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Magaz">Mogoz bhuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murgh_musallam" title="Murgh musallam">Murgi musollom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutton_curry" title="Mutton curry">Mutton curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihari" title="Nihari">Nihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paya_(food)" title="Paya (food)">Paya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polao" class="mw-redirect" title="Polao">Polao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasanda" title="Pasanda">Posondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_chicken" title="Roast chicken">Roast chicken</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roust" title="Roust">Roust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_chicken" title="Tandoori chicken">Tandoori chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikka_(food)" title="Tikka (food)">Tikka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seafood</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chingri_malai_curry" title="Chingri malai curry">Chingri malai curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daab_chingri" title="Daab chingri">Daab chingri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domachha" title="Domachha">Domachha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_fish" title="Fried fish">Fried fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutki_Shira" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutki Shira">Hutki Shira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machh_bhaja" title="Machh bhaja">Machh bhaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machher_Jhol" title="Machher Jhol">Machher Jhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorshe_ilish" title="Shorshe ilish">Shorshe ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoikor_Tenga" title="Thoikor Tenga">Thoikor Tenga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dum_Aloo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dum Aloo">Alur Dom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhurta" title="Bhurta">Bhorta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begun_bhorta" class="mw-redirect" title="Begun bhorta">Begun bhorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alu_Bharta" class="mw-redirect" title="Alu Bharta">Alu Bharta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice#Bangladeshi" title="Glutinous rice">Bini/biran bhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadachadi" title="Chadachadi">Chacchari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattened_rice" title="Flattened rice">Chira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forash" title="Forash">Forash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khichra" title="Khichra">Khichra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khichdi_(dish)" title="Khichdi (dish)">Khichuri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_Khichuri" title="Soft Khichuri">Norom khichuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panta_bhat" title="Panta bhat">Panta bhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer">Ponir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saag" title="Saag">Shak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Shorba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukto" title="Shukto">Shukto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehari" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehari">Tehari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry#Bangladesh_and_West_Bengal" title="Curry">Torkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarda_(food)" title="Zarda (food)">Zorda polao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks and sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_pickle" title="South Asian pickle">Achar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloo chaat">Alu chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloor_Chop" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloor Chop">Alur chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beguni" title="Beguni">Beguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Biscuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bela Biscuit">Bela Biscuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhelpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhelpuri">Bhelpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat" title="Chaat">Chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">Chatni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanachur" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanachur">Chanachur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chana_masala" title="Chana masala">Chhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chotpoti" title="Chotpoti">Chotpoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_vada" title="Dahi vada">Doi bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhalmuri" title="Jhalmuri">Jhalmuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nankhatai" title="Nankhatai">Nankhatai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paan" class="mw-redirect" title="Paan">Paan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakora" title="Pakora">Pakora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuchka" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuchka">Phuchka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raita" title="Raita">Raita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakarkhani" title="Bakarkhani">Bakarkhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatoora" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhatoora">Bhatoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapati" title="Chapati">Chapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchi" title="Luchi">Luchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">Naan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratha" title="Paratha">Porotha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_paratha" title="Aloo paratha">Alu porotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_paratha" title="Mughlai paratha">Moghlai porotha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_(food)" title="Puri (food)">Puri (food)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">Ruti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumali_roti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumali roti">Rumali ruti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">Tandoor bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Akher rosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aamras" title="Aamras">Aamrosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Pana" title="Bela Pana">Beler Sharbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borhani" title="Borhani">Borhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Cha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doodh_pati_chai" title="Doodh pati chai">Dudh cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">Masala cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-color_tea" title="Seven-color tea">Seven-color tea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaas" title="Chaas">Ghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_juice" title="Date juice">Khejur rosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassi" title="Lassi">Lachhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattha" title="Mattha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooh_Afza" title="Rooh Afza">Rooh Afza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(drink)" title="Sharbat (drink)">Shorbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_fruit_juice" title="Palm fruit juice">Taler rosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweetmeats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barfi" title="Barfi">Borfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundia">Bundia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhanamukhi" title="Chhanamukhi">Chhanamukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhenabara" title="Chhenabara">Chhenabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chomchom" title="Chomchom">Chomchom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_(curd)" title="Dahi (curd)">Doi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishti_doi" title="Mishti doi">Mishti doi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curd_of_Bogra" title="Curd of Bogra">Curd of Bogra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falooda" title="Falooda">Faluda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_jamun" title="Gulab jamun">Gulabjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikki" title="Chikki">Gur badam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halua</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gajar_ka_halwa" title="Gajar ka halwa">Gajorer halua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilapi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jilapi">Jilapi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhena_jalebi" title="Chhena jalebi">Chhena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_jilapi" title="Shahi jilapi">Shahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheer" title="Kheer">Kheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulfi" title="Kulfi">Kulfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laddu" title="Laddu">Laddu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpua" title="Malpua">Malpua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Chocolate" title="Mimi Chocolate">Mimi Chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabba" title="Murabba">Morobba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimki" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimki">Nimki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantua" title="Pantua">Pantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitha" title="Pitha">Pitha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashke_Pithe" title="Ashke Pithe">Ashke pitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhapa_pitha" title="Bhapa pitha">Bhapa pitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunga_pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Chunga pitha">Chunga pitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunor_bora" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunor bora">Nunor bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handesh" title="Handesh">Teler pitha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshkodom" title="Roshkodom">Roshkodom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshmolai" class="mw-redirect" title="Roshmolai">Roshmolai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshogolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Roshogolla">Roshogolla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khondoler_misti" title="Khondoler misti">Khondoli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemai" title="Shemai">Shemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shondesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Shondesh">Shondesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonpapri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shonpapri">Shonpapri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiler_Khaja" title="Tiler Khaja">Tiler Khaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusha_Shinni" title="Tusha Shinni">Tusha Shinni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_diaspora" title="Bangladeshi diaspora">Bangladeshi diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_tikka_masala" title="Chicken tikka masala">Chicken tikka masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phall" title="Phall">Phall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Category:Bangladeshi cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkish_cuisine367" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkish_cuisine" title="Template:Turkish cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkish_cuisine" title="Template talk:Turkish cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkish_cuisine367" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Non-alcoholic beverages</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1rra" title="Mırra">Mırra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pekmez" title="Pekmez">Pekmez</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rize_tea" title="Rize tea">Rize tea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Salep</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ealgam" class="mw-redirect" title="Şalgam">Şalgam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Şerbet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1ra" title="Şıra">Şıra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Turkey" title="Tea in Turkey">Turkish tea</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Fermented_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented beverage">Fermented beverages</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hardaliye" title="Hardaliye">Hardaliye</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yay%C4%B1k_ayran%C4%B1" title="Yayık ayranı">Yayık ayranı</a></dd> <dt>Beers</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Turkey" title="Beer in Turkey">Beer in Turkey</a></b> (main article)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Efes_Beverage_Group" title="Efes Beverage Group">Efes</a></dd> <dd>Bomonti</dd> <dd>Pera</dd> <dd>GaraGuzu</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tekel_Biras%C4%B1" title="Tekel Birası">Tekel</a> (inactive)</dd> <dt>Distilled beverages</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Kanyak</a></dd> <dt>Wines</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Turkish_wine" title="Turkish wine">Turkish wine</a></b> (main article)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adakaras%C4%B1" title="Adakarası">Adakarası</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazkere" title="Boğazkere">Boğazkere</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%87alkaras%C4%B1" title="Çalkarası">Çalkarası</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kalecik_Karas%C4%B1" title="Kalecik Karası">Kalecik Karası</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%96k%C3%BCzg%C3%B6z%C3%BC" title="Öküzgözü">Öküzgözü</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Papazkaras%C4%B1" title="Papazkarası">Papazkarası</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazlama" title="Bazlama">Bazlama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halguane" class="mw-redirect" title="Halguane">Çerkes simidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zleme" title="Gözleme">Gözleme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandil_simidi" title="Kandil simidi">Kandil simidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kattama">Katmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">Lavaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokul" title="Nokul">Nokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boortsog" title="Boortsog">Pişi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poga%C4%8Da" title="Pogača">Poğaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saj_bread" title="Saj bread">Saj bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simit" title="Simit">Simit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">Tandır bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kete_(food)" title="Kete (food)">Kete (food)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Appetizers<br />and salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Acuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakla_Ezmesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakla Ezmesi">Bakla Ezmesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Cacık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87i%C4%9F_k%C3%B6fte" title="Çiğ köfte">Çiğ köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87oban_salatas%C4%B1" title="Çoban salatası">Çoban salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasswort_salad" title="Glasswort salad">Deniz börülcesi salatası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Humus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatiq" title="Qatiq">Katık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">İçli köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mam_bay%C4%B1ld%C4%B1" title="İmam bayıldı">İmam bayıldı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_blossom" title="Squash blossom">Kabak çiçeği dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Kısır">Kısır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoretsi" title="Kokoretsi">Kokoreç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakerda" title="Lakerda">Lakerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercimek_k%C3%B6ftesi" title="Mercimek köftesi">Mercimek köftesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_mussels" title="Stuffed mussels">Midye dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastirma" title="Pastirma">Pastırma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_salads_and_appetizers" title="Eggplant salads and appetizers">Patlıcan salatası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaki" title="Pilaki">Pilaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyaz" title="Piyaz">Piyaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)" title="Sarma (food)">Sarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujuk" title="Sujuk">Sucuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eak%C5%9Fuka" title="Şakşuka">Şakşuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taramasalata" title="Taramasalata">Taramasalata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cold_bulgur_soup" title="Turkish cold bulgur soup">Turkish cold bulgur soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yoğurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyaz_peynir" title="Beyaz peynir">Beyaz peynir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_cheese" title="Braided cheese">Braided cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cheese" title="Circassian cheese">Circassian cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_peyniri" title="Civil peyniri">Civil peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6mlek_cheese" title="Çömlek cheese">Çömlek cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolaz_cheese" title="Dolaz cheese">Dolaz cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Hellim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars_gravyer_cheese" title="Kars gravyer cheese">Kars gravyer cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasseri" title="Kasseri">Kaşar cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kaşkaval cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCnefe_peyniri" title="Künefe peyniri">Künefe peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava%C5%9F_cheese" title="Lavaş cheese">Lavaş cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizithra" title="Mizithra">Lor cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihali%C3%A7_Peyniri" title="Mihaliç Peyniri">Mihaliç cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saganaki_cheese" title="Saganaki cheese">Saganaki cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleme_peyniri" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleme peyniri">Teleme peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_peyniri" title="Tomas peyniri">Tomas peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulum_cheese" title="Tulum cheese">Tulum cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_herbed_cheese" title="Van herbed cheese">Van herbed cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Çorba</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal%C4%B1_k%C4%B1zl%C4%B1_soup" title="Analı kızlı soup">Analı kızlı soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_%C3%A7orbas%C4%B1" title="Balık çorbası">Balık çorbası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezogelin_soup" title="Ezogelin soup">Ezogelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripe_chorba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripe chorba">İşkembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_sorrel_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep sorrel soup">Kuzukulağı çorbası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Mercimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarhana" title="Tarhana">Tarhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyga_soup" title="Toyga soup">Toyga soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayla_%C3%A7orbas%C4%B1" title="Yayla çorbası">Yayla çorbası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_reshteh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash reshteh">Erişte aşı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keledo%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Keledoş">Keledoş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khash_(dish)" title="Khash (dish)">Kelle paça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_soup" title="Chicken soup">Chicken soup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnavut_ci%C4%9Feri" title="Arnavut ciğeri">Arnavut ciğeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_quinces" title="Stuffed quinces">Ayva dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_ekmek" title="Balık ekmek">Balık ekmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek" title="Börek">Börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C4%9Fu_kebab%C4%B1" title="Buğu kebabı">Buğu kebabı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Cantik_Pide" title="Bursa Cantik Pide">Bursa Cantik Pide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87orbal%C4%B1k_kesme" title="Çorbalık kesme">Çorbalık kesme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eevketibostan_yeme%C4%9Fi" title="Şevketibostan yemeği">Şevketibostan yemeği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0irden" class="mw-redirect" title="Širden">Şırdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Çiğ börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1lb%C4%B1r" title="Çılbır">Çılbır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colocasia_with_lamb" title="Colocasia with lamb">Colocasia with lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_poppy_with_lamb" title="Corn poppy with lamb">Corn poppy with lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_tomatoes" title="Stuffed tomatoes">Domates dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etli_makarna" title="Etli makarna">Etli makarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabakl%C4%B1_peynirli_b%C3%B6rek" title="Kabaklı peynirli börek">Kabaklı peynirli börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavurma" title="Kavurma">Kavurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesme" title="Kesme">Erişte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khash_(dish)" title="Khash (dish)">Kelle Paça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6mbe" title="Kömbe">Kömbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_meatballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry meatballs">Kuru köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_apples" title="Stuffed apples">Elma dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harput_meatballs" title="Harput meatballs">Harput meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispanakl%C4%B1_Selanik_B%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispanaklı Selanik Böreği">Ispanaklı Selanik Böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7li_Pide" class="mw-redirect" title="İçli Pide">İçli Pide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna_meatballs" title="Smyrna meatballs">İzmir köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapuska" title="Kapuska">Kapuska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karn%C4%B1yar%C4%B1k" title="Karnıyarık">Karnıyarık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fkek" title="Keşkek">Keşkek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuru_fasulye" title="Kuru fasulye">Kuru fasulye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2pa" title="Lâpa">Lâpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmajoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahmajoun">Lahmacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepsi_(dish)" title="Lepsi (dish)">Lepsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libje_lebje_basta" title="Libje lebje basta">Libje lebje basta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallow_with_lamb" title="Mallow with lamb">Mallow with lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manti_(food)" title="Manti (food)">Mantı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menemen_(food)" title="Menemen (food)">Menemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirik_meatball" title="Mirik meatball">Mirik meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Musakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_papucaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggplant papucaki">Papucaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant" title="Stuffed eggplant">Patlıcan dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_eggplant" title="Fried eggplant">Patlıcan kızartması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patl%C4%B1canl%C4%B1_kebap" title="Patlıcanlı kebap">Patlıcan kebabı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdeli_pilav" title="Perdeli pilav">Perdeli pilav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyaziye" title="Piyaziye">Piyaziye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puf_B%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" title="Puf Böreği">Puf Böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siron_(food)" title="Siron (food)">Siron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_B%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Su Böreği">Su Böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Soğan dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tas_kebap" class="mw-redirect" title="Tas kebap">Tas kebap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_b%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" title="Tatar böreği">Tatar böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrl%C3%BC" title="Türlü">Türlü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzun_eri%C5%9Fte" title="Uzun erişte">Uzun erişte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_k%C3%B6fte" title="Van köfte">Van köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">Yahni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grilled meats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kebab</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_kebab%C4%B1" title="Adana kebabı">Adana kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7aabat_meatballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Akçaabat meatballs">Akçaabat meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alinazik_kebab" title="Alinazik kebab">Alinazik kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyti_kebab" title="Beyti kebab">Beyti kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C4%9F_kebab%C4%B1" title="Cağ kebabı">Cağ kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Döner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0neg%C3%B6l_meatballs" title="İnegöl meatballs">İnegöl meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skender_kebap" title="İskender kebap">İskender kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Köfte</a></li> <li>Miskender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patl%C4%B1canl%C4%B1_kebap" title="Patlıcanlı kebap">Eggplant kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pideli_k%C3%B6fte" title="Pideli köfte">Pideli köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Şiş kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_k%C3%B6fte" class="mw-redirect" title="Şiş köfte">Şiş köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Şiş tavuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_meatballs" title="Tire meatballs">Tire meatballs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_desserts" title="List of Turkish desserts">Turkish desserts</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ac%C4%B1badem_kurabiyesi" title="Acıbadem kurabiyesi">Acıbadem kurabiyesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashure" title="Ashure">Aşure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quince_dessert" class="mw-redirect" title="Quince dessert">Ayva tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balparmak_tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Balparmak tatlısı">Balparmak tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClb%C3%BCl_yuvas%C4%B1" title="Bülbül yuvası">Bülbül yuvası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchkhela" title="Churchkhela">Cevizli sucuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_stuffed_figs" title="Walnut stuffed figs">Cevizli kuru incir tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevizli_Irmik_Tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Cevizli Irmik Tatlısı">Cevizli Irmik Tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezerye" title="Cezerye">Cezerye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilber_duda%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Dilber dudağı">Dilber dudağı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibile" title="Dibile">Dibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondurma" title="Dondurma">Dondurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekmek_kaday%C4%B1f%C4%B1" title="Ekmek kadayıfı">Ekmek kadayıfı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_dessert" title="Phoenicia dessert">Fenike tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClla%C3%A7" title="Güllaç">Güllaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Helva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady%27s_navel" title="Lady's navel">Hanım göbeği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%9Faf" title="Hoşaf">Hoşaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%9Fmerim" title="Hoşmerim">Hoşmerim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispanakl%C4%B1_kek" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispanaklı kek">Ispanaklı kek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_Bomb_Kurabiye" title="İzmir Bomb Kurabiye">İzmir Bomb Kurabiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabak_tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Kabak tatlısı">Kabak tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalburabast%C4%B1" title="Kalburabastı">Kalburabastı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavala_Almond_Cookies" title="Kavala Almond Cookies">Kavala Almond Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazandibi" title="Kazandibi">Kazandibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysefe" title="Kaysefe">Kaysefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marron_glac%C3%A9" title="Marron glacé">Kestane şekeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fk%C3%BCl" title="Keşkül">Keşkül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6yl%C3%BC_pastas%C4%B1" title="Köylü pastası">Köylü pastası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Kurabiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Künefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokma" title="Lokma">Lokma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Lokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macun" title="Macun">Macun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir_macunu" title="Mesir macunu">Mesir macunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_halkas%C4%B1" title="Muğla halkası">Muğla halkası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Muhallebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabbal%C4%B1_mecidiye" title="Murabbalı mecidiye">Murabbalı mecidiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevzine_tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Nevzine tatlısı">Nevzine tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcik_candy" title="Orcik candy">Orcik candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe%C3%A7ura" title="Pepeçura">Pepeçura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pestil" title="Pestil">Pestil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boortsog" title="Boortsog">Pişi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fmaniye" title="Pişmaniye">Pişmaniye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eambali" title="Şambali">Şambali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eekerpare" title="Şekerpare">Şekerpare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1ll%C4%B1k" title="Şıllık">Şıllık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supangle" title="Supangle">Supangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Sütlaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Revani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtl%C3%BC_Nuriye" title="Sütlü Nuriye">Sütlü Nuriye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%B6biyet" title="Şöbiyet">Şöbiyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pekmez" title="Pekmez">pekmez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini roll">Tahini roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavuk_g%C3%B6%C4%9Fs%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavuk göğsü">Tavukgöğsü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tres_leches_cake#Variations" title="Tres leches cake">Trileçe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Tulumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_kurabiye" title="Flour kurabiye">Un kurabiyesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizier%27s_fingers" title="Vizier's fingers">Vezir parmağı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerde" title="Zerde">Zerde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequent ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Vegetables</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Bean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">Leek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></dd> <dt>Herbs & spices</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dried_apricot" title="Dried apricot">Dried apricot</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">Mint</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" title="Nut (food)">Nut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_pepper" title="Aleppo pepper">Pul biber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Red pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Urfa_biber" title="Urfa biber">Urfa pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unique instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cezve" title="Cezve">Cezve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar">Çaydanlık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_(cookware)" title="Kazan (cookware)">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_(barbecue)" title="Mangal (barbecue)">Mangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_pin" title="Rolling pin">Oklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tava" title="Tava">Sac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar">Semaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandır</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/36px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_cuisine403" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_cuisine" title="Template:Iranian cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_cuisine" title="Template talk:Iranian cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_cuisine403" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">Cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">Chickpea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowpea" title="Cowpea">Cowpea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_pea" title="Split pea">Split pea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarhana" title="Tarhana">Tarkhineh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs and spices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis" title="Berberis">Barberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Balgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">Leek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" title="Nut (food)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads and nans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbari_bread" title="Barbari bread">Barbari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dushabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dushabi (page does not exist)">Dushabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghandi_Bread" title="Ghandi Bread">Ghandi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gisu_bread&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gisu bread (page does not exist)">Gisu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuske-shirin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khuske-shirin (page does not exist)">khuske-shirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">khuske-e-tanour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">Lavash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">Naan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangak" title="Sangak">Sangak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheermal" title="Sheermal">Shirmal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taftan_(bread)" title="Taftan (bread)">Taftan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Mazeh</a> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirazi_salad" title="Shirazi salad">Shirazi salad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salad_Shoor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salad Shoor (page does not exist)">Salad Shoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lighvan_cheese" title="Lighvan cheese">Lighvan cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beyaz_Peynir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beyaz Peynir (page does not exist)">Beyaz Peynir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups and āshes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abgoosht" title="Abgoosht">Abgoosht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aush" title="Aush">Aush</a> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aush_reshteh" title="Aush reshteh">Aush reshteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate_soup" title="Pomegranate soup">Ash-e-Anar (Pomegranate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash-e_doogh" title="Ash-e doogh">Aush-e-doogh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aush-e-Shalqham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aush-e-Shalqham (page does not exist)">Aush-e-Shalqham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aush-e-Sholeh-Ghalam-Kar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aush-e-Sholeh-Ghalam-Kar (page does not exist)">Aush-e-Sholeh-Ghalam-Kar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozbash" title="Bozbash">Bozbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Chorba</a> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piti_(food)" title="Piti (food)">Dizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirabi">Sirabi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kebabs#Iran" title="List of kebabs">Kabab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelow_kabab" title="Chelow kabab">Chelow kabab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujeh_kabab" title="Jujeh kabab">Jujeh kabab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabab_chenjeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabab chenjeh (page does not exist)">Kabab chenjeh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabab_bakhtiari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabab bakhtiari (page does not exist)">Kabab bakhtiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabab_barg" title="Kabab barg">Kabab barg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabab_koobideh" title="Kabab koobideh">Kabab koobideh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabab_mahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabab mahi (page does not exist)">Kabab mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabab_torsh" title="Kabab torsh">Kabab torsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">Shashlik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Polo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albaloo_polo" title="Albaloo polo">Albaloo polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghali_polo" title="Baghali polo">Baghali polo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalam_polo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalam polo (page does not exist)">Kalam polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateh" title="Kateh">Kateh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loobia_polo" title="Loobia polo">Loobia polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morasa_polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Morasa polo">Morasa polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabzi_polo" title="Sabzi polo">Sabzi polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirin_polo" title="Shirin polo">Shirin polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan_Beryani" class="mw-redirect" title="Isfahan Beryani">Isfahan Beryani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahdig" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahdig">Tahdig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahchin" title="Tahchin">Tahchin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zereshk_polo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zereshk polo (page does not exist)">Zereshk polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khoresh" title="Khoresh">Khoresh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghala_ghatogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghala ghatogh">Baghala ghatogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoresh_bademjan" title="Khoresh bademjan">Khoresh bademjan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_b%C4%81denj%C4%81n_lapeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh bādenjān lapeh (page does not exist)">Khoresh bādenjān lapeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoresh_b%C4%81mieh" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoresh bāmieh">Khoresh bāmieh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_b%C4%81mieh_lapeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh bāmieh lapeh (page does not exist)">Khoresh bāmieh lapeh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_Beh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh Beh (page does not exist)">Khoresh Beh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_alou_esfenaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh alou esfenaj (page does not exist)">Khoresh alou esfenaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesenj%C4%81n" title="Fesenjān">Fesenjān</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_havij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh havij (page does not exist)">Khoresh havij</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_kadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh kadu (page does not exist)">Khoresh kadu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_q%C4%81rch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh qārch (page does not exist)">Khoresh qārch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghalieh_mahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghalieh mahi (page does not exist)">Ghalieh mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheimeh" title="Gheimeh">Khoresh gheimeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghormeh_sabzi" title="Ghormeh sabzi">Khoresh ghormeh sabzi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_kangar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh kangar (page does not exist)">Khoresh kangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoresh_karafs" title="Khoresh karafs">Khoresh karafs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_lubia-sabz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh lubia-sabz (page does not exist)">Khoresh lubia-sabz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoresh_reevaas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoresh reevaas (page does not exist)">Khoresh reevaas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khash_(dish)" title="Khash (dish)">Kale pache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fkek" title="Keşkek">Kashkak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nargesi_(food)" title="Nargesi (food)">Nargesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_meatballs" title="Tabriz meatballs">Tabriz meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe#Iran" title="Roe">Ashpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omelette" title="Omelette">Omelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_sausage" class="mw-redirect" title="Port sausage">Port sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesme" title="Kesme">Reshteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarhana" title="Tarhana">Tarhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tas_kebab" title="Tas kebab">Tas kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">Yakhni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delal_sauce" title="Delal sauce">Delal sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahyawa" title="Mahyawa">Mahyawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hors d'oeuvre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeytoon_Parvardeh" title="Zeytoon Parvardeh">Zeytoon Parvardeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">Labne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashk_e_bademjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashk e bademjan">Kashk e bademjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuku_(food)" title="Kuku (food)">Kuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Mast-o-Khiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghassemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza Ghassemi">Mirza Ghassemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweets and desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pakhlava" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani pakhlava">Azerbaijani pakhlava</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamiyeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamiyeh">Bamiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastani" title="Bastani">Bastani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan-e_berenji" title="Nan-e berenji">Berenji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie" title="Cookie">Cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faloodeh" title="Faloodeh">Faloodeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaz_(candy)" title="Gaz (candy)">Gaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosh-e_Fil" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosh-e Fil">Gosh-e Fil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaymak#The_Middle_East" title="Kaymak">Sarshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koloocheh" title="Koloocheh">Koloocheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolompeh" title="Kolompeh">Kolompeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavashak" title="Lavashak">Lavashak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabba" title="Murabba">Murabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noghl" title="Noghl">Noghl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan-e_Nokhodchi" title="Nan-e Nokhodchi">Nokhodchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masghati" title="Masghati">Masghati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmak" title="Pashmak">Pashmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poolaki" title="Poolaki">Poolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qottab" title="Qottab">Qottab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanu" title="Samanu">Samanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekarbura" title="Shekarbura">Shekarbura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sholezard" title="Sholezard">Sholezard</a> (Shole-zard)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_(confectionery)" title="Sohan (confectionery)">Sohān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_asali" title="Sohan asali">Sohan asali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbet" title="Sorbet">Sorbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabrizi_Lovuez" title="Tabrizi Lovuez">Tabrizi Lovuez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalebi#Geographic_distribution" title="Jalebi">Zoolbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazdi_cake" title="Yazdi cake">Yazdi cake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragh_sagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aragh sagi">Aragh sagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_wine" title="Persian wine">Mey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doogh" title="Doogh">Doogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cezve" title="Cezve">Jezve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_(barbecue)" title="Mangal (barbecue)">Mangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_pin" title="Rolling pin">Oklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tava" title="Tava">Taveh/Sac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar">Samovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tanoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Iranian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_cuisine" title="Caspian cuisine">Caspian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandari_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandari cuisine (page does not exist)">Southern Iranian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/17px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/26px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/34px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/17px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/26px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/34px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1266661725" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Egyptian_cuisine119" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Template:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Template talk:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Egyptian_cuisine119" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Qamar_al-Din" title="Qamar al-Din">Amar eddin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Aseer asab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_tea" title="Black tea">Black tea</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine#Tea" title="Egyptian cuisine">Kushari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine#Tea" title="Egyptian cuisine">Sa‘idi</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erq_sous" title="Erq sous">Erq sous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karkadeh" title="Karkadeh">Karkadeh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kharob" title="Kharob">Kharob</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laban_rayeb" title="Laban rayeb">Laban rayeb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Sahlab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sobia_(drink)" title="Sobia (drink)">Sobia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamr_hindi" title="Tamr hindi">Tamr hindi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Egypt" title="Beer in Egypt">Beer in Egypt</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouza_(beer)" title="Bouza (beer)">Bouza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(beer)" title="Stella (beer)">Stella</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_wine" title="Egyptian wine">Egyptian wine</a></b> (main article)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/48px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/64px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bataw_(bread)" title="Bataw (bread)">Bataw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_baladi" title="Eish baladi">Eish baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_fino" title="Eish fino">Eish fino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_merahrah" title="Eish merahrah">Eish merahrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_shamsi" title="Eish shamsi">Eish shamsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feteer_meshaltet" title="Feteer meshaltet">Feteer meshaltet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Starters<br /> and salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant#In_Egypt" title="Stuffed eggplant">Bedengan mekhalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salata_baladi" title="Salata baladi">Salata baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini#Egypt" title="Tahini">Tehina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese" title="Egyptian cheese">Egyptian cheese</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areesh_cheese" title="Areesh cheese">Areesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese#Cheese_varieties" title="Egyptian cheese">Baramili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domiati_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Domiati cheese">Domiati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese#Cheese_varieties" title="Egyptian cheese">Istanboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mish" title="Mish">Mish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_cheese" title="Rumi cheese">Rumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ful_nabet" title="Ful nabet">Ful nabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaware%E2%80%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaware‘">Kaware‘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Shorbet ‘‍‍ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_soup" title="Vegetable soup">Shorbet khodar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamia#Egypt" title="Bamia">Bamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Besarah">Besarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggah" title="Eggah">Eggah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatteh" title="Fatteh">Fatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesikh" title="Fesikh">Fesikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiteer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiteer">Fatayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollash" title="Gollash">Gollash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_mahshi" title="Hamam mahshi">Hamam mahshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawawshi" title="Hawawshi">Hawawshi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Egypt">Kabab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamounia" title="Kamounia">Kamounia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersha" title="Kersha">Kersha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashk#Egypt" title="Kashk">Keshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koftet_el_hati" title="Koftet el hati">Koftet el hati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koftet_rozz" title="Koftet rozz">Koftet rozz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushari">Kushari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarona_bil-bechamel" title="Macarona bil-bechamel">Macarona bil-bechamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazalika" title="Mazalika">Mazalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Mahshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant#In_Egypt" title="Stuffed eggplant">Mahshi bedengan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers#Egypt" title="Stuffed peppers">Mahshi felfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_squash#Egypt" title="Stuffed squash">Mahshi kosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage_roll#Egypt" title="Cabbage roll">Mahshi kromb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)#Egypt" title="Sarma (food)">Mahshi waraq enab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesaqa%E2%80%98ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesaqa‘ah">Mesaqa‘ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulukhiyah" title="Mulukhiyah">Molokhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombar" title="Mombar">Mombar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozz_me%E2%80%98ammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rozz me‘ammar">Rozz me‘ammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabanekh" title="Sabanekh">Sabanekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayadiya" title="Sayadiya">Sayadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Ta‘meya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torly" title="Torly">Torly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qolqas" title="Qolqas">Qolqas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baqlawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aish_as-Saraya" title="Aish as-Saraya">Eish essaraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhfakhina" title="Fakhfakhina">Fakhfakhina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoriba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghoriba">Ghorayiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahk" title="Kahk">Kahk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Kunafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokma" title="Lokma">Luqmet el qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Malban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Ali" title="Om Ali">Om Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatayef" title="Qatayef">Qatayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Rozz belaban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Bean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs & spices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Aniseed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaves</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Mint</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Cloves</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghreb cuisine">North African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Levantine_cuisine410" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Levantine_cuisine" title="Template:Levantine cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Levantine_cuisine" title="Template talk:Levantine cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Levantine_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Levantine cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Levantine_cuisine410" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Non-alcoholic beverages</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arabic_coffee" title="Arabic coffee">Arabic coffee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arabic_tea" title="Arabic tea">Arabic tea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jallab" title="Jallab">Jallab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1rra" title="Mırra">Mur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mate_(drink)" title="Mate (drink)">Mate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pekmez" title="Pekmez">Dibs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Sahlab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Qamar_al-Din" title="Qamar al-Din">Qamar al-Din</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mint_lemonade" title="Mint lemonade">Mint lemonade</a></dd> <dt>Fermented beverages</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leben_(milk_product)" title="Leben (milk product)">Leben</a></dd> <dt>Distilled beverages</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arak_(liqueur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arak (liqueur)">Arak</a></dd> <dt>Beers</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Beer_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Beer in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Beer in Lebanon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Syria" title="Beer in Syria">Beer in Syria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Beer_in_Palestine" title="Category:Beer in Palestine">Beer in Palestine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Jordan" title="Beer in Jordan">Beer in Jordan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Israel" title="Beer in Israel">Beer in Israel</a></dd> <dt>Wines</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_wine" title="Lebanese wine">Lebanese wine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Syrian_wine" title="Category:Syrian wine">Syrian wine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_wine" title="Palestinian wine">Palestinian wine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_wine" title="Jordanian wine">Jordanian wine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Israeli_wine" title="Israeli wine">Israeli wine</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ak" title="Ka'ak">Ka'ak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khubz" title="Khubz">Khubz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">Khubz tannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboon_bread" title="Taboon bread">Taboon bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoon" title="Samoon">Samoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markook_(bread)" title="Markook (bread)">Markook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokul" title="Nokul">Nokul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Appetizers<br />and salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_salad" title="Arab salad">Arab salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msabbaha" title="Msabbaha">Msabbaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigandes_plaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigandes plaki">Gigandes plaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)" title="Sarma (food)">Yabrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fattoush" title="Fattoush">Fattoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raheb" title="Raheb">Raheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh_nayyeh" title="Kibbeh nayyeh">Kibbeh nayyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujuk" title="Sujuk">Sujuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balila_(dish)" title="Balila (dish)">Balila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toum" title="Toum">Toum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dairy products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Syrian_Cheeses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Syrian Cheeses">Syrian Cheese</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ackawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ackawi">Ackawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanklish" title="Shanklish">Shanklish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Hallum cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabulsi_cheese" title="Nabulsi cheese">Nabulsi cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzfat_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzfat cheese">Tzfat cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tresse_cheese" title="Tresse cheese">Tresse cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baladi_cheese" title="Baladi cheese">Baladi cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_cheese" title="Braided cheese">Braided cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kashkawan cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameed" title="Jameed">Jameed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashk" title="Kashk">Kashk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leben_(milk_product)" title="Leben (milk product)">Laban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kashkaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qishta" title="Qishta">Qishta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups and stews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Chorba</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">Yakhni</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Lentil soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_soup" title="Chicken soup">Chicken soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_soup" title="Vegetable soup">Vegetable soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harees" title="Harees">Harees</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:شاكرية">Shakriyyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khash_(dish)" title="Khash (dish)">Pacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulukhiyah" title="Mulukhiyah">Mulukhiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasolia">Fasolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fasoulia_Khadra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fasoulia Khadra (page does not exist)">Fasoulia Khadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamia" title="Bamia">Bamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumaghiyyeh" title="Sumaghiyyeh">Sumaghiyyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatayer" title="Fatayer">Fatayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmajoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahmajoun">Lahmajoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek" title="Börek">Börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfiha" title="Sfiha">Sfiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakish" title="Manakish">Manakish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musakhan" title="Musakhan">Musakhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mfarakeh" title="Mfarakeh">Mfarakeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansaf" title="Mansaf">Mansaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqluba" title="Maqluba">Maqluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabsa" title="Kabsa">Kabsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujaddara" title="Mujaddara">Mujaddara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makdous" title="Makdous">Makdous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Mahshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers" title="Stuffed peppers">Stuffed peppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_squash" title="Stuffed squash">Stuffed squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant" title="Stuffed eggplant">Stuffed eggplants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freekeh" title="Freekeh">Freekeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_eggplant" title="Fried eggplant">Fried eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_cauliflower" title="Fried cauliflower">Fried cauliflower</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:كبة لبنية">Kibbeh Labanieh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kibbeh_Bil_Sanieh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kibbeh Bil Sanieh (page does not exist)">Kibbeh Bil Sanieh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grilled_Kibbeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grilled Kibbeh (page does not exist)">Grilled Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushbarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Shushbarak">Shushbarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batata_harra" title="Batata harra">Batata harra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombar" title="Mombar">Fawaregh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatteh" title="Fatteh">Fatteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharid" title="Tharid">Tharid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B8_%D9%85%D8%B8" class="extiw" title="ar:جظ مظ">Jazz Mazz</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مخلوطة">Makhlouta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galayet_bandora" class="mw-redirect" title="Galayet bandora">Galayet bandora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavurma" title="Kavurma">Awarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maftoul" class="mw-redirect" title="Maftoul">Maftoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Musaqa‘a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage_roll" title="Cabbage roll">Cabbage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzi" title="Quzi">Zarb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siyyadiyeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siyyadiyeh (page does not exist)">Siyyadiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mfaraket_Koussa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mfaraket Koussa (page does not exist)">Mfaraket Koussa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grilled meats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kebab</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebab_Halabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebab Halabi (page does not exist)">Kebab Halabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_kebab" title="Cherry kebab">Cherry kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebab_Khashkhash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebab Khashkhash (page does not exist)">Kebab Khashkhash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebab_Hindi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebab Hindi (page does not exist)">Kebab Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Shish taouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Kanafeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halawet_el_Jibn" title="Halawet el Jibn">Halawet el Jibn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booza" title="Booza">Booza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokma" title="Lokma">Luqmat al-Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Baklawa">Baklawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Halwa">Halwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhallabia">Muhallabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_dessert" title="Phoenicia dessert">Phoenicia dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatayef" title="Qatayef">Qatayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Raha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warbat" title="Warbat">Shaabiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A9e" title="Dragée">Dragée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_dates" title="Stuffed dates">Stuffed dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghli" title="Meghli">Meghli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfouf" title="Sfouf">Sfouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabba" title="Murabba">Murabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">Nougat</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:كنافة مبرومة">Kanafeh Mabrooma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Balah El Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalebi" title="Jalebi">Meshabek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Awameh">Awameh</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" class="extiw" title="ar:ليالي لبنان">Qashtaliyyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballorieh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballorieh (page does not exist)">Ballorieh</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA" class="extiw" title="ar:زنود الست">Znoud El Sit</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC" class="extiw" title="ar:كلاج">Kallaaj</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مبرومة">Mabrooma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalburabast%C4%B1" title="Kalburabastı">Makaron</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82" class="extiw" title="ar:برازق">Barazek</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84" class="extiw" title="ar:عش البلبل">Osh El Bulbul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Othmalliyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Othmalliyya (page does not exist)">Othmalliyya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taj_El_Malik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taj El Malik (page does not exist)">Taj El Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swar_El_Sit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swar El Sit (page does not exist)">Swar El Sit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unique instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cezve" title="Cezve">Raʾwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_(barbecue)" title="Mangal (barbecue)">Manqal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabun_oven" title="Tabun oven">Tabun oven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine"> Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine"> Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine"> Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine"> Mesopotamian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/17px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/26px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/34px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/9px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/13px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/17px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barbecue678" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barbecue" title="Template:Barbecue"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barbecue" title="Template talk:Barbecue"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barbecue" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barbecue"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barbecue678" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecue</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right">Cooking<br />styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asado" title="Asado">Asado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbacoa" title="Barbacoa">Barbacoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_siu" title="Char siu">Char siu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrasco" title="Churrasco">Churrasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirect_grilling" title="Indirect grilling">Indirect grilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inihaw" title="Inihaw">Inihaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_barbecue" title="Korean barbecue">Korean barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_(barbecue)" title="Mangal (barbecue)">Mangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_grill" title="Mixed grill">Mixed grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_barbecue" title="Mongolian barbecue">Mongolian barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenker" title="Schwenker">Schwenker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaokao" title="Shaokao">Shaokao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shisa_nyama" class="mw-redirect" title="Shisa nyama">Shisa nyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siu_mei" title="Siu mei">Siu mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakiniku" title="Yakiniku">Yakiniku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue" title="Regional variations of barbecue">Regional<br />variations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_in_the_United_States" title="Barbecue in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago-style_barbecue" title="Chicago-style barbecue">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City%E2%80%93style_barbecue" title="Kansas City–style barbecue">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis-style_barbecue" title="Memphis-style barbecue">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_in_North_Carolina" title="Barbecue in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria%E2%80%93style_barbecue" title="Santa Maria–style barbecue">Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_in_South_Carolina" title="Barbecue in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_barbecue" title="St. Louis–style barbecue">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_in_Texas" title="Barbecue in Texas">Texas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right">Cookers<br />and related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_grill" title="Barbecue grill">Barbecue grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_barbecue" title="Barrel barbecue">Barrel barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccan" title="Buccan">Buccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charbroiler" title="Charbroiler">Charbroiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_starter" title="Chimney starter">Chimney starter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_grill" title="Disposable grill">Disposable grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattop_grill" title="Flattop grill">Flattop grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_(cooking)" title="Gridiron (cooking)">Gridiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grilling" title="Grilling">Grilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibachi" title="Hibachi">Hibachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamado" title="Kamado">Kamado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_barbecue" title="Pit barbecue">Pit barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichirin" title="Shichirin">Shichirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_(cooking)" title="Smoking (cooking)">Smoking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smoke_ring_(cooking)" title="Smoke ring (cooking)">Smoke ring</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right">Foods and<br />dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_barbecue_dishes" title="List of barbecue dishes">List of barbecue dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods" title="List of smoked foods">List of smoked foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticucho" title="Anticucho">Anticuchos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakkwa" title="Bakkwa">Bakkwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_chicken" title="Barbecue chicken">Barbecue chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_sandwich" title="Barbecue sandwich">Barbecue sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_sauce" title="Barbecue sauce">Barbecue sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochette">Brochette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgogi" title="Bulgogi">Bulgogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_roast" title="Bull roast">Bull roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_ends" title="Burnt ends">Burnt ends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha_siu_bao" title="Cha siu bao">Cha siu bao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuan_(food)" title="Chuan (food)">Chuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrasco" title="Churrasco">Churrasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocolo%C8%99i" title="Cocoloși">Cocoloși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_on_the_cob" title="Corn on the cob">Corn on the cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espetada" title="Espetada">Espetada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat%C3%A1ny%C3%A9ros" title="Fatányéros">Fatányéros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frig%C4%83rui" title="Frigărui">Frigărui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galinha_%C3%A0_africana" title="Galinha à africana">Galinha à africana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaw" title="Isaw">Isaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeok" title="Jeok">Jeok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujeh_kabab" title="Jujeh kabab">Jujeh kabab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabab_barg" title="Kabab barg">Kabab barg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai_yang" title="Kai yang">Kai yang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorkhog" title="Khorkhog">Khorkhog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorovats" title="Khorovats">Khorovats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofte_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Kofte kebab">Kofte kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9choui" title="Méchoui">Méchoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meurav_Yerushalmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Meurav Yerushalmi">Meurav Yerushalmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiote" title="Mixiote">Mixiote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%87kalica" title="Mućkalica">Mućkalica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neobiani" title="Neobiani">Neobiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_pickin%27" title="Pig pickin'">Pig pickin'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_roast" title="Pig roast">Pig roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchitos" title="Pinchitos">Pinchitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provoleta" title="Provoleta">Provoleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_pork" title="Pulled pork">Pulled pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%BEnji%C4%87i" title="Ražnjići">Ražnjići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_slaw" title="Red slaw">Red slaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribs_(food)" title="Ribs (food)">Ribs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_ribs" class="mw-redirect" title="Beef ribs">Beef</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_ribs" title="Short ribs">Short ribs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_ribs" title="Pork ribs">Pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spare_ribs" title="Spare ribs">Spare ribs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Satay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_sizzle" title="Sausage sizzle">Sausage sizzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">Shashlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Shish taouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosatie" title="Sosatie">Sosatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">Souvlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suckling_pig" title="Suckling pig">Suckling pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suya" title="Suya">Suya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_smoked_brisket" title="Texas smoked brisket">Texas smoked brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukune" title="Tsukune">Tsukune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakitori" title="Yakitori">Yakitori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right">Societies<br />and festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pig_Jig" title="Big Pig Jig">Big Pig Jig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bar-B-Q_Festival" title="International Bar-B-Q Festival">International Bar-B-Q Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Barbeque_Society" title="Kansas City Barbeque Society">Kansas City Barbeque Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leskovac_Grill_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Leskovac Grill Festival">Leskovac Grill Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Barbecue_Festival" title="Lexington Barbecue Festival">Lexington Barbecue Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_in_May" title="Memphis in May">Memphis in May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Barbecue_Society" title="North Carolina Barbecue Society">North Carolina Barbecue Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke-Chowan_Pork-Fest" title="Roanoke-Chowan Pork-Fest">Roanoke-Chowan Pork-Fest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right">Misc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_restaurant" title="Barbecue restaurant">Barbecue restaurant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_barbecue_restaurants" title="List of barbecue restaurants">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrascaria" title="Churrascaria">Churrascaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/17px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/26px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/34px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Barbecue" title="Category:Barbecue">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barbecued_food" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Barbecued food">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink">WikiProject Food and drink</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meat509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meat" title="Template:Meat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meat" title="Template talk:Meat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meat509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">Meat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">Poultry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">Cassowary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_as_food" title="Duck as food">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">Emu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_as_food" title="Goose as food">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrich_meat" title="Ostrich meat">Ostrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squab" title="Squab">Pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_as_food" title="Quail as food">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FoodMeat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Food meat"><img alt="Food meat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/100px-FoodMeat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/150px-FoodMeat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/200px-FoodMeat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="1916" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Platter of seafood"><img alt="Platter of seafood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/100px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/150px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/200px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="2029" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beefalo" title="Beefalo">Beefalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_meat" title="Buffalo meat">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Camel meat">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_meat" title="Donkey meat">Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snails_as_food" title="Snails as food">Snails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_legs" title="Frog legs">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_meat" title="Horse meat">Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb and mutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubro%C5%84" title="Żubroń">Żubroń</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_meat" title="Alligator meat">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_as_food" title="Bat as food">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodile meat">Crocodile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_meat" title="Elephant meat">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox#As_food" title="Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguana_meat" title="Iguana meat">Iguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_meat" title="Kangaroo meat">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_meat" title="Monkey meat">Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouse#As_food" title="Mouse">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangolin_trade" title="Pangolin trade">Pangolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_meat" title="Rat meat">Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit#As_food_and_clothing" title="Rabbit">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake#Consumption" title="Snake">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">Venison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa_(fish)" title="Basa (fish)">Basa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(fish)" title="Bass (fish)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carp#As_food" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crappie" title="Crappie">Crappie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_as_food" title="Eel as food">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">Flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">Grouper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">Halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_mackerel" title="King mackerel">Kingfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel_as_food" title="Mackerel as food">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi-mahi" title="Mahi-mahi">Mahi Mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">Marlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">Milkfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Pacific saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esox" title="Esox">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_meat" title="Shark meat">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">Sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescent_shark" title="Iridescent shark">Swai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna as food">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">Walleye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">Shellfish</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">Calamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiton" title="Chiton">Chiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_meat" title="Crab meat">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_as_food" title="Crayfish as food">Crayfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobster as food">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_as_food" title="Octopus as food">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_meat" title="Seal meat">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">Shrimp/prawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea#Culinary" title="Ascidiacea">Sea squirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish_as_food" title="Jellyfish as food">Jellyfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insects_as_food" title="Insects as food">Insects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_eggs" title="Ant eggs">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetia_illucens" title="Hermetia illucens">Black soldier fly maggots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">Crickets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_flour" title="Cricket flour">Flour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">Grasshoppers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locust</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mealworm" title="Mealworm">Mealworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal_worm" title="Mezcal worm">Mezcal worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombyx_mori" title="Bombyx mori">Silkworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonimbrasia_belina" title="Gonimbrasia belina">Mopane worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus" title="Rhynchophorus">Palm grub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuts and<br />preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_hanging" title="Meat hanging">Aged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biltong" title="Biltong">Biltong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braising" title="Braising">Braised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcuterie" title="Charcuterie">Charcuterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">Chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confit#Meat_confit" title="Confit">Confit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">Cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlet" title="Cutlet">Cutlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">Dried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dum_pukht" title="Dum pukht">Dum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_meat" title="Fermented meat">Fermented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillet_(cut)" title="Fillet (cut)">Fillet</a>/<a href="/wiki/Supreme_(cooking)" title="Supreme (cooking)">supreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcemeat" title="Forcemeat">Forcemeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretons" title="Cretons">Cretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Pâté">Pâté</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frying" title="Frying">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">Frozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">Jerky</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_(food)" title="Kidney (food)">Kidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_(food)" title="Liver (food)">Liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunch_meat" title="Lunch meat">Luncheon meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marinated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">Meatloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">Pemmican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching_(cooking)" title="Poaching (cooking)">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potted_meat" title="Potted meat">Potted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rillettes" title="Rillettes">Rillettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roasted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salting_(food)#Meat" title="Salting (food)">Salt-cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_meat" title="Smoked meat">Smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak" title="Steak">Steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew#Types_of_stew" title="Stew">Stewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_tartare" title="Steak tartare">Tartare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_dishes" title="List of meat dishes">Meat dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beef_dishes" title="List of beef dishes">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chicken_dishes" title="List of chicken dishes">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_dishes" title="List of fish dishes">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_goat_dishes" title="List of goat dishes">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lamb_dishes" title="List of lamb dishes">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pork_dishes" title="List of pork dishes">Pork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ham_dishes" title="List of ham dishes">Ham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_dishes" title="List of seafood dishes">Seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_veal_dishes" title="List of veal dishes">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steak_dishes" title="List of steak dishes">Steaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meatball_dishes" title="List of meatball dishes">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods" title="List of smoked foods">Smoked foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sausage_dishes" title="List of sausage dishes">Sausage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_consumption" title="List of countries by meat consumption">Countries by meat consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_production" title="List of countries by meat production">Countries by meat production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">Food and drink prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">Meat substitutes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics and<br />psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat" title="Psychology of eating meat">Psychology of eating meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat#Meat_paradox" title="Psychology of eating meat">Meat paradox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Semi-vegetarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_science" title="Meat science">Meat science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy" title="Beef hormone controversy">Beef hormone controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drip_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Drip loss">Drip loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio" title="Feed conversion ratio">Feed conversion ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_tenderness" title="Meat tenderness">Tenderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_water_holding_capacity" title="Meat water holding capacity">Water holding capacity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_broker" title="Meat broker">Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_house_(building)" title="Branch house (building)">Branch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">Butcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_cutter" title="Meat cutter">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture" title="Environmental impacts of animal agriculture">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Factory farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_jobber" title="Meat jobber">Jobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-packing_industry" title="Meat-packing industry">Packing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Slaughter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachnophagy" title="Arachnophagy">Arachnophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">Cannibalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_diaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat diaper">Meat diaper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomophagy_in_humans" title="Entomophagy in humans">Entomophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_meat" title="Marbled meat">Marbled</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_marbling" title="Artificial marbling">Artificial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_meat" title="Mystery meat">Mystery meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India" title="Non-vegetarian food in India">Non-vegetarian food in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_slime" title="Pink slime">Pink slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_meat" title="Raw meat">Raw meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">Red meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadkill_cuisine" title="Roadkill cuisine">Roadkill cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmed-over_flavor" title="Warmed-over flavor">Warmed-over flavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_meat" title="White meat">White meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/17px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/26px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/34px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Meat" title="Category:Meat">Category: Meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Street_food325" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Street_food" title="Template:Street food"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Street_food" title="Template talk:Street food"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Street_food" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Street food"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Street_food325" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaraj%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarajé">Acarajé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloo chaat">Aloo chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_tikki" title="Aloo tikki">Aloo tikki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticucho" title="Anticucho">Anticucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apam_balik" title="Apam balik">Apam balik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">Arancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asinan" title="Asinan">Asinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakpau">Bakpau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakso" title="Bakso">Bakso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_ekmek" title="Balık ekmek">Balık ekmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_cue" title="Banana cue">Banana cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_h%E1%BB%8Fi" title="Bánh hỏi">Bánh hỏi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì">Bánh mì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_x%C3%A8o" title="Bánh xèo">Bánh xèo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batagor" title="Batagor">Batagor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pares_(food)" title="Pares (food)">Beef Pares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beguni" title="Beguni">Beguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_waffle" title="Belgian waffle">Belgian waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beondegi" title="Beondegi">Beondegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhel_puri" title="Bhel puri">Bhel puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binatog" title="Binatog">Binatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">Biryani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek#Greek_bouréki,_bourekáki,_bougatsa,_and_pita" title="Börek">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">Bratwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochette">Brochette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bublik" title="Bublik">Bublik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubur_ayam" title="Bubur ayam">Bubur ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_cha" title="Bun cha">Bun cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungeo-ppang" title="Bungeo-ppang">Bungeo-ppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_chow" title="Bunny chow">Bunny chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrito" title="Burrito">Burrito</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_burrito" title="Breakfast burrito">Breakfast burrito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food#Philippines" title="Squid as food">Calamares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camote_cue" title="Camote cue">Camote cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart_noodle" title="Cart noodle">Cart noodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat" title="Chaat">Chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiko_Roll" title="Chiko Roll">Chiko Roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimichanga" title="Chimichanga">Chimichanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bhel" title="Chinese bhel">Chinese bhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">Cockle (bivalve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C5%8Dng_y%C3%B3u_b%C7%90ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Cōng yóu bǐng">Cōng yóu bǐng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covrigi" title="Covrigi">Covrigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxinha" title="Coxinha">Coxinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">Crêpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescia" title="Crescia">Crescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currywurst" title="Currywurst">Currywurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_puri" title="Dahi puri">Dahi puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dak-kkochi" title="Dak-kkochi">Dak-kkochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_burger" title="Donkey burger">Donkey burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosa_(food)" title="Dosa (food)">Dosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubles_(food)" title="Doubles (food)">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchilada" title="Enchilada">Enchilada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquites" title="Esquites">Esquites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Farinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ball" title="Fish ball">Fish ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_tacos" title="French tacos">French tacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">Fried chicken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_fried_chicken" title="Korean fried chicken">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_fried_chicken" title="Taiwanese fried chicken">Taiwanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frybread" title="Frybread">Navajo frybread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galette-saucisse" title="Galette-saucisse">Galette-saucisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginanggang" title="Ginanggang">Ginanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorengan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorengan">Gorengan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghugni" title="Ghugni">Ghugni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gukhwappang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gukhwappang">Gukhwappang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyeranppang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeranppang">Gyeranppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">Gyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inihaw" title="Inihaw">Inihaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaw" title="Isaw">Isaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhalmuri" title="Jhalmuri">Jhalmuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi" title="Jiaozi">Jiaozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaassouffl%C3%A9" title="Kaassoufflé">Kaassoufflé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachori" title="Kachori">Kachori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapsalon" title="Kapsalon">Kapsalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kati_roll" title="Kati roll">Kati roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karantika" title="Karantika">Karantika</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kebab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapli_kebab" title="Chapli kebab">Chapli kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Doner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyinkyinga" title="Kyinkyinga">Kyinkyinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shami_kebab" title="Shami kebab">Shami kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kebabs" title="List of kebabs">List of kebabs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerak_telor" title="Kerak telor">Kerak telor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprak_(dish)" title="Ketoprak (dish)">Ketoprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanom_Tokyo" title="Khanom Tokyo">Khanom Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngo_hiang" title="Ngo hiang">Kikiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokneneng" title="Tokneneng">Kwek Kwek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">Laksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1ngos" title="Lángos">Lángos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchi" title="Luchi">Luchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malatang" title="Malatang">Malatang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mami_soup" title="Mami soup">Mami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruya_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maruya (food)">Maruya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_puri" title="Masala puri">Masala puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_pie" title="Meat pie">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mie_ayam" title="Mie ayam">Mie ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtabak" title="Murtabak">Murtabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">Naan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nem_chua_r%C3%A1n" title="Nem chua rán">Nem chua rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwarzanek_krakowski" title="Obwarzanek krakowski">Obwarzanek krakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_thai" title="Pad thai">Pad thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajeon" title="Pajeon">Pajeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakora" title="Pakora">Pakora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneer_tikka" title="Paneer tikka">Paneer tikka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa" title="Pani câ meusa">Pani câ meusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">Panini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panipuri" title="Panipuri">Panipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papri_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Papri chaat">Papri chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratha" title="Paratha">Paratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty">Pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pav_bhaji" title="Pav bhaji">Pav bhaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pempek" title="Pempek">Pempek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepito_(sandwich)" title="Pepito (sandwich)">Pepito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peremech" title="Peremech">Peremech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">Pho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">Piadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picarones" title="Picarones">Picarones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinasugbo" title="Pinasugbo">Pinasugbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio" title="Pizza al taglio">Pizza al taglio</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice" title="Pizza by the slice">Pizza by the slice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzetta" title="Pizzetta">Pizzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pljeskavica" title="Pljeskavica">Pljeskavica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattened_rice" title="Flattened rice">Poha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">Poutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">Pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punugulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Punugulu">Punugulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_(food)" title="Puri (food)">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_eggs" title="Quail eggs">Quail eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesadilla" title="Quesadilla">Quesadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat-on-a-stick" title="Rat-on-a-stick">Rat-on-a-stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%BEnji%C4%87i" title="Ražnjići">Ražnjići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogan_josh" title="Rogan josh">Rogan josh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojak" title="Rojak">Rojak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">Roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_bakar" title="Roti bakar">Roti bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_john" title="Roti john">Roti john</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roujiamo" title="Roujiamo">Roujiamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumali_roti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumali roti">Rumali roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustico_(pastry)" title="Rustico (pastry)">Rustico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardenara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardenara">Sardenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Satay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seblak" title="Seblak">Seblak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevpuri">Sevpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfenj" title="Sfenj">Sfenj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao_Kao" class="mw-redirect" title="Shao Kao">Shao Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">Shashlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_pizza" title="Sicilian pizza">Sicilian pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siomay" title="Siomay">Siomay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soto_(food)" title="Soto (food)">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">Souvlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigghiola" title="Stigghiola">Stigghiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(food)" title="Stromboli (food)">Stromboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">Taco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_taco" title="Korean taco">Korean taco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahri_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahri (dish)">Tahri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_gejrot" title="Tahu gejrot">Tahu gejrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_sumedang" title="Tahu sumedang">Tahu sumedang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoyaki" title="Takoyaki">Takoyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_chicken" title="Tandoori chicken">Tandoori chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangbao" title="Tangbao">Tangbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taquito" title="Taquito">Taquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauge_goreng" title="Tauge goreng">Tauge goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_potato" title="Tornado potato">Tornado potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%27_pastizz_%27rtunnar" title="U' pastizz 'rtunnar">U' pastizz 'rtunnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_(food)" title="Vada (food)">Vada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastedda" title="Vastedda">Vastedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_noodles" title="Vietnamese noodles">Vietnamese noodles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%B4i" title="Xôi">Xôi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakitori" title="Yakitori">Yakitori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapiekanka" title="Zapiekanka">Zapiekanka</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A food truck"><img alt="A food truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg/120px-La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg/250px-La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_street_food" title="Regional street food">By location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_street_food" title="Hong Kong street food">Hong Kong</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Chennai" title="Street food of Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Mumbai" title="Street food of Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Indonesia" title="Street food of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_street_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican street food">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine#Street_food_and_other_snacks" title="Filipino cuisine">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_in_South_Korea" title="Street food in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine#Night_market_dishes" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Thailand" title="Street food of Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_catering" title="Mobile catering">Mobile catering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_kitchen" title="Field kitchen">Field kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_booth" title="Food booth">Food booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_cart" title="Food cart">Food cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">Food truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck_rally" title="Food truck rally">Food truck rally</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_cart" title="Hot dog cart">Hot dog cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_stand" title="Hot dog stand">Hot dog stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream_van" title="Ice cream van">Ice cream van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B8lsevogn" title="Pølsevogn">Sausage wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco_stand" title="Taco stand">Taco stand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yatai_(retail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yatai (retail)">Yatai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pojangmacha" title="Pojangmacha">Pojangmacha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrstelstand" title="Würstelstand">Würstelstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_foods" title="List of street foods">List of street foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_trucks" title="List of food trucks">List of food trucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Street_food" title="Category:Street food">Category: Street food</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kebab&oldid=1281897764">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kebab&oldid=1281897764</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kebabs" title="Category:Kebabs">Kebabs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Skewered_foods" title="Category:Skewered foods">Skewered foods</a></li><li><a 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