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aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-User_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>User groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moderators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Moderators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Administrators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Post</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thread" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thread"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Thread</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thread-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bumping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bumping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Bumping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bumping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stickying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stickying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Stickying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stickying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discussion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discussion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Discussion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discussion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discussion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discussion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liabilities_of_owners_and_moderators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liabilities_of_owners_and_moderators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Liabilities of owners and moderators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liabilities_of_owners_and_moderators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Common features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Common_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Common features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Common_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tripcodes_and_capcodes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tripcodes_and_capcodes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tripcodes and capcodes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tripcodes_and_capcodes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_message" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_message"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Personal message</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_message-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attachment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attachment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Attachment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attachment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BBCode_and_HTML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BBCode_and_HTML"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>BBCode and HTML</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BBCode_and_HTML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emoticon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emoticon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Emoticon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emoticon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Poll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Other features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules_and_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules_and_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rules and policies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules_and_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules and policies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules_and_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Troll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Troll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sock_puppet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sock_puppet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sock puppet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sock_puppet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spamming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spamming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Spamming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spamming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_posting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_posting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Double posting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_posting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Necroposting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Necroposting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Necroposting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Necroposting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Word_censor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Word_censor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Word censor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Word_censor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flame_wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flame_wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Flame wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flame_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registration_or_anonymity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registration_or_anonymity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Registration or anonymity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registration_or_anonymity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_other_web_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_other_web_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Comparison with other web applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_other_web_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Internet forum: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="منتدى إنترنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منتدى إنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_forumu" title="İnternet forumu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnternet forumu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ইন্টারনেট ফোরাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্টারনেট ফোরাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1-%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Веб-форум – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Веб-форум" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%B1-%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Вэб-форум – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вэб-форум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%B1-%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Вэб-форум – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вэб-форум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Интернет форум – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Интернет форум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetski_forum" title="Internetski forum – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Internetski forum" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2rum_(Internet)" title="Fòrum (Internet) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fòrum (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetov%C3%A1_diskuse" title="Internetová diskuse – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Internetová diskuse" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetforum" title="Internetforum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internetforum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetifoorum" title="Internetifoorum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Internetifoorum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC" title="Διαδικτυακό φόρουμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαδικτυακό φόρουμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_(Internet)" title="Foro (Internet) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Foro (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retforumo" title="Retforumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Retforumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_(internet)" title="Foro (internet) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Foro (internet)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%DA%AF%D9%88" title="تالار گفتگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تالار گفتگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_(informatique)" title="Forum (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forum (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskusjefoarum" title="Diskusjefoarum – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Diskusjefoarum" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1r_f%C3%B3gra%C3%AD_Idirl%C3%ADn" title="Clár fógraí Idirlín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Clár fógraí Idirlín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_(Internet)" title="Foro (Internet) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Foro (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7_%ED%8F%AC%EB%9F%BC" title="인터넷 포럼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인터넷 포럼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%A2-%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Վեբ-ֆորում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեբ-ֆորում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="इंटरनेट फोरम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंटरनेट फोरम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetski_forum" title="Internetski forum – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Internetski forum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_internet" title="Forum internet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Forum internet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_(Interrete)" title="Foro (Interrete) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Foro (Interrete)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IiForam" title="IiForam – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IiForam" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_(Internet)" title="Forum (Internet) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forum (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_(%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98)" title="פורום (אינטרנט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורום (אינטרנט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2-%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ინტერნეტ-ფორუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინტერნეტ-ფორუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_interretiale" title="Forum interretiale – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Forum interretiale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetforum" title="Internetforum – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Internetforum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetinis_forumas" title="Internetinis forumas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Internetinis forumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetes_f%C3%B3rum" title="Internetes fórum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Internetes fórum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Семрежен форум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семрежен форум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Internet" title="Forum Internet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Forum Internet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%86%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Интернэт хэлэлцүүлэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Интернэт хэлэлцүүлэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetforum" title="Internetforum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internetforum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="インターネットコミュニティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インターネットコミュニティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskusjonsforum" title="Diskusjonsforum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Diskusjonsforum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Погын – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Погын" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_dyskusyjne" title="Forum dyskusyjne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Forum dyskusyjne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3rum_de_discuss%C3%A3o" title="Fórum de discussão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fórum de discussão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1-%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Веб-форум – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Веб-форум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Internet forum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_f%C3%B3rum" title="Online fórum – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Online fórum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spletni_forum" title="Spletni forum – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spletni forum" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Форум (интернет) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Форум (интернет)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Internet forum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskustelupalsta" title="Keskustelupalsta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keskustelupalsta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetforum" title="Internetforum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internetforum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இணைய மன்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணைய மன்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1-%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Веб-форум – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Веб-форум" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_forumu" title="İnternet forumu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnternet forumu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Вебфорум – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вебфорум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9_%DA%86%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84" title="انٹرنیٹ چوپال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انٹرنیٹ چوپال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%E1%BB%85n_%C4%91%C3%A0n_tr%E1%BB%B1c_tuy%E1%BA%BFn" title="Diễn đàn trực tuyến – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Diễn đàn trực tuyến" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dj%C3%A5spinreye_%C3%A9ndjolike" title="Djåspinreye éndjolike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djåspinreye éndjolike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B" title="网络论坛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="网络论坛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אינטערנעט פארום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינטערנעט פארום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87" title="互聯網論壇 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="互聯網論壇" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B" title="网络论坛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="网络论坛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q168210#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Internet_forum&curid=294813&diff=1258891128&oldid=1256731174&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Internet_forum&curid=294813&diff=1258891128&oldid=1256731174&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_forum&oldid=1256731174" title="Internet forum">Revision as of 09:00, 11 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_forum&action=edit&oldid=1256731174" title="Internet forum">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-11T09:00:54Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Sangsangaplaz" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Sangsangaplaz" data-mw-revid="1256731174"><bdi>Sangsangaplaz</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Sangsangaplaz" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Sangsangaplaz">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Sangsangaplaz" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Sangsangaplaz">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1,370</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Reverted 1 edit by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/ClowninAroundTown" title="Special:Contributions/ClowninAroundTown">ClowninAroundTown</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:ClowninAroundTown" title="User talk:ClowninAroundTown">talk</a>) to last revision by ClueBot NG</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tags</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-twinkle"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mw-undo"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Undo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Undo">Undo</a></span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_edit">Mobile edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_web_edit">Mobile web edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-advanced_mobile_edit">Advanced mobile edit</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_forum&diff=prev&oldid=1256731174" title="Internet forum" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_forum&oldid=1258891128" title="Internet forum">Revision as of 05:43, 22 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_forum&action=edit&oldid=1258891128" title="Internet forum">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-22T05:43:37Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_forum&action=edit&undoafter=1256731174&undo=1258891128" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Hanyangprofessor2" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Hanyangprofessor2" data-mw-revid="1258891128"><bdi>Hanyangprofessor2</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Hanyangprofessor2" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Hanyangprofessor2">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Hanyangprofessor2" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Hanyangprofessor2">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>3,512</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">{{mergefrom|Online discussion platform}}</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_forum&diff=next&oldid=1258891128" title="Internet forum" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Short description|Online discussion site}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Short description|Online discussion site}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{mergefrom|Online discussion platform}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:Phpbb 3.0 prosilver.png|thumb|right|300px|An Internet forum powered by [[phpBB]]]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[File:Phpbb 3.0 prosilver.png|thumb|right|300px|An Internet forum powered by [[phpBB]]]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:FUDforum.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[FUDforum]], another Internet forum software package]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[File:FUDforum.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[FUDforum]], another Internet forum software package]]</div></td> </tr>  </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 05:43, 22 November 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Online discussion site</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge_from plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that <i><a href="/wiki/Online_discussion_platform" title="Online discussion platform">Online discussion platform</a></i> be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into this article. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Internet_forum" title="Talk:Internet forum">Discuss</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phpbb_3.0_prosilver.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Phpbb_3.0_prosilver.png/300px-Phpbb_3.0_prosilver.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Phpbb_3.0_prosilver.png/450px-Phpbb_3.0_prosilver.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Phpbb_3.0_prosilver.png/600px-Phpbb_3.0_prosilver.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>An Internet forum powered by <a href="/wiki/PhpBB" title="PhpBB">phpBB</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FUDforum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/FUDforum.jpg/300px-FUDforum.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/FUDforum.jpg/450px-FUDforum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/FUDforum.jpg/600px-FUDforum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FUDforum" title="FUDforum">FUDforum</a>, another Internet forum software package</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia_Village_Pump.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikipedia_Village_Pump.jpg/300px-Wikipedia_Village_Pump.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikipedia_Village_Pump.jpg/450px-Wikipedia_Village_Pump.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikipedia_Village_Pump.jpg/600px-Wikipedia_Village_Pump.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2346" data-file-height="1572" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Wikipedia Village Pump</a> is a forum used to discuss improvements on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>Internet forum</b>, or <b>message board</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Online">online</a> <a href="/wiki/Online_discussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Online discussion">discussion site</a> where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages.<sup id="cite_ref-vBfaqFORUM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vBfaqFORUM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They differ from <a href="/wiki/Chat_room" title="Chat room">chat rooms</a> in that messages are often longer than one line of text, and are at least temporarily archived. Also, depending on the access level of a user or the forum set-up, a posted message might need to be approved by a moderator before it becomes publicly visible. </p><p>Forums have a specific set of jargon associated with them; for example, a single conversation is called a "<a href="#Thread">thread</a>", or <i>topic</i>. The name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" title="Forum (Roman)">forums</a> of Ancient Rome. </p><p>A discussion forum is hierarchical or <a href="/wiki/Tree_(data_structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree (data structure)">tree-like</a> in structure; a forum can contain a number of subforums, each of which may have several topics. Within a forum's topic, each new discussion started is called a thread and can be replied to by as many people as they so wish. </p><p>Depending on the forum's settings, users can be anonymous or have to register with the forum and then subsequently <a href="/wiki/Login" title="Login">log in</a> to post messages. On most forums, users do not have to log in to read existing messages. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>The modern forum originated from <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board" title="Bulletin board">bulletin boards</a> and so-called computer conferencing systems, which are a technological evolution of the dial-up <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">bulletin board system</a> (BBS).<sup id="cite_ref-bbsref_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbsref-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glossary_Of_Technical_Terms_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glossary_Of_Technical_Terms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From a technological standpoint, <i>forums</i> or <i>boards</i> are <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a> that manage <a href="/wiki/User-generated_content" title="User-generated content">user-generated content</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Glossary_Of_Technical_Terms_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glossary_Of_Technical_Terms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early Internet forums could be described as a web version of an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_mailing_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic mailing list">electronic mailing list</a> or <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">newsgroup</a> (such as those that exist on <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a>), allowing people to post messages and comment on other messages. Later developments emulated the different newsgroups or individual lists, providing more than one forum dedicated to a particular topic.<sup id="cite_ref-bbsref_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbsref-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet forums are prevalent in several <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed countries</a>. Japan posts the most,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with over two million per day on their largest forum, <a href="/wiki/2channel" title="2channel">2channel</a>. China also has millions of posts on forums such as <a href="/wiki/Tianya_Club" title="Tianya Club">Tianya Club</a>. </p><p>Some of the first forum systems were the Planet-Forum system, developed at the beginning of the 1970s; the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Information_Exchange_System" title="Electronic Information Exchange System">EIES system</a>, first operational in 1976; and the <a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOM-systemet" class="extiw" title="sv:KOM-systemet">KOM system</a>, first operational in 1977. </p><p>One of the first forum sites (which is still active today) is Delphi Forums, once called <a href="/wiki/Delphi_(online_service)" title="Delphi (online service)">Delphi</a>. The service, with four million members, dates to 1983. </p><p>Forums perform a function similar to that of dial-up <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">bulletin board systems</a> and Usenet networks that were first created in the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-bbsref_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbsref-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early web-based forums date back as far as 1994, with the WIT<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> project from the W3 Consortium, and starting at this time, many alternatives were created.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sense of <a href="/wiki/Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">virtual community</a> often develops around forums that have regular users. <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a> are popular areas for forum themes, but there are forums for a huge number of topics. <a href="/wiki/Internet_slang" title="Internet slang">Internet slang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Image_macro" title="Image macro">image macros</a> popular across the Internet are abundant and widely used in Internet forums. </p><p>Forum software packages are widely available on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> and are written in a variety of <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">ASP</a>. The configuration and records of posts can be stored in <a href="/wiki/Text_file" title="Text file">text files</a> or in a <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a>. Each package offers different features, from the most basic, providing text-only postings, to more advanced packages, offering <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> support and formatting code (usually known as <a href="/wiki/BBCode" title="BBCode">BBCode</a>). Many packages can be integrated easily into an existing website to allow visitors to post comments on articles. </p><p>Several other web applications, such as <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a> software, also incorporate forum features. <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> comments at the bottom of a blog post allow for a single-threaded discussion of any given blog post. <a href="/wiki/Slash_(CMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slash (CMS)">Slashcode</a>, on the other hand, is far more complicated, allowing fully threaded discussions and incorporating a robust moderation and meta-moderation system as well as many of the profile features available to forum users. </p><p>Some stand-alone threads on forums have reached fame and notability, such as the "<a href="/wiki/I_am_lonely_will_anyone_speak_to_me" title="I am lonely will anyone speak to me">I am lonely will anyone speak to me</a>" thread on MovieCodec.com's forums, which was described as the "web's top hangout for lonely folk" by <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)"><i>Wired</i> magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> <p>A forum consists of a tree-like directory structure. The top end is "Categories". A forum can be divided into categories for the relevant discussions. Under the categories are sub-forums, and these sub-forums can further have more sub-forums. The <i>topics</i> (commonly called <i>threads</i>) come under the lowest level of sub-forums, and these are the places under which members can start their discussions or <i>posts</i>. Logically, forums are organized into a finite set of generic topics (usually with one main topic), driven and updated by a group known as <i>members</i>, and governed by a group known as <i>moderators</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also have a graph structure.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All message boards will use one of three possible display formats. Each of the three basic message board display formats: Non-Threaded/Semi-Threaded/Fully Threaded, has its own advantages and disadvantages. If messages are not related to one another at all, a Non-Threaded format is best. If a user has a message topic and multiple replies to that message topic, a semi-threaded format is best. If a user has a message topic and replies to that message topic and responds to replies, then a fully threaded format is best.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_groups">User groups</h3></div> <p>Internally, Western-style forums organize visitors and logged-in members into user groups. <a href="/wiki/Privilege_(computing)" title="Privilege (computing)">Privileges</a> and rights are given based on these groups. A user of the forum can automatically be promoted to a more privileged user group based on criteria set by the administrator.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A person viewing a closed thread as a <i>member</i> will see a box saying he does not have the right to submit messages there, but a <i>moderator</i> will likely see the same box, granting him access to more than just posting messages.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An unregistered user of the site is commonly known as a <i>guest</i> or <i>visitor</i>. Guests are typically granted access to all functions that do not require database alterations or breach privacy. A guest can usually view the contents of the forum or use such features as <i>read marking</i>, but occasionally an administrator will disallow visitors to read their forum as an incentive to become a registered member.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A person who is a very frequent visitor of the forum, a section, or even a thread is referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Lurker" title="Lurker">lurker</a>, and the habit is referred to as <i>lurking</i>. Registered members often will refer to themselves as <i>lurking</i> in a particular location, which is to say they have no intention of participating in that section but enjoy reading the contributions to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Moderators">Moderators</h4></div> <p>The <i>moderators</i> (short singular form: "mod") are users (or employees) of the forum who are granted access to the <a href="#Post">posts</a> and <a href="#Thread">threads</a> of all members for the purpose of <i>moderating discussion</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Arbitration" title="Arbitration">arbitration</a>) and also keeping the forum clean (neutralizing <a href="/wiki/Spamming" title="Spamming">spam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spambot" title="Spambot">spambots</a>, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Administrator_seeking_moderators_to_control_spam_abuse._14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Administrator_seeking_moderators_to_control_spam_abuse.-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moderators also answer users' concerns about the forum and general questions, as well as respond to specific complaints. Common privileges of moderators include: deleting, merging, moving, and splitting of posts and threads, locking, renaming, and <a href="#Thread">stickying</a> of threads; <a href="/wiki/Block_(Internet)" title="Block (Internet)">banning</a>, unbanning, suspending, unsuspending, warning the members; or adding, editing, and removing the polls of threads.<sup id="cite_ref-vBFAQModAdmin_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vBFAQModAdmin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Junior modding", "backseat modding", or "forum copping" can refer negatively to the behavior of ordinary users who take a moderator-like tone in criticizing other members. </p><p>Essentially, it is the duty of the moderator to manage the day-to-day affairs of a forum or board as it applies to the stream of user contributions and interactions. The relative effectiveness of this user management directly impacts the quality of a forum in general, its appeal, and its usefulness as a community of interrelated users. </p><p>Moderators act as unpaid volunteers on many websites, which has sparked controversies and community tensions. On <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>, some moderators have prominently expressed dissatisfaction with their unpaid labor being underappreciated, while other site users have accused moderators of abusing special access privileges to act as a "cabal" of "petty tyrants".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, moderators are subject to notable levels of mockery and contempt. There, they are often referred to as janitors (or, more pejoratively, "jannies"<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) given their job, which is tantamount to cleaning up the imageboards' infamous <a href="/wiki/Shitposting" title="Shitposting">shitposting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administrators">Administrators</h4></div> <p>The <i>administrators</i> (short form: "admin") manage the technical details required for running the site. As such, they have the authority to appoint and revoke members as <a href="#Moderators">moderators</a>, manage the rules, create sections and sub-sections, as well as perform any <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> operations (<a href="/wiki/Backup" title="Backup">database backup</a>, etc.). Administrators often also act as <a href="#Moderators">moderators</a>. Administrators may also make forum-wide announcements or change the appearance (known as the skin) of a forum. There are also many forums where administrators share their knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-vBFAQModAdmin_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vBFAQModAdmin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post">Post</h3></div> <p>A <i>post</i> is a user-submitted message enclosed in a block containing the user's details and the date and time it was submitted. Members are usually allowed to edit or delete their own posts. Posts are contained in threads, where they appear as blocks one after another. The first post<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> starts the thread; this may be called the TS (thread starter) or OP (original post). Posts that follow in the thread are meant to continue discussion about that post or respond to other replies; it is not uncommon for discussions to be derailed. </p><p>On Western forums, the classic way to show a member's own details (such as name and avatar) has been on the left side of the post, in a narrow column of fixed width, with the post controls located on the right, at the bottom of the main body, above the signature block. In more recent forum software implementations, the Asian style of displaying the members' details above the post has been copied. </p><p>Posts have an internal limit, usually measured in characters. Often, one is required to have a message with a minimum length of 10 characters. There is always an upper limit, but it is rarely reached – most boards have it at either 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, or 50,000 characters. </p><p>Most forums keep track of a user's postcount. The postcount is a measurement of how many posts a certain user has made.<sup id="cite_ref-postcount_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postcount-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users with higher postcounts are often considered more reputable than users with lower postcounts, but not always. For instance, some forums have disabled postcounts with the hopes that doing so will emphasize the quality of information over quantity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thread">Thread</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Conversation_threading" class="mw-redirect" title="Conversation threading">Conversation threading</a></div> <p>A <i>thread</i> (sometimes called a <i>topic</i>) is a collection of posts, usually displayed from oldest to latest, although this is typically configurable: Options for newest to oldest and for a threaded view (a tree-like view applying logical reply structure before chronological order) can be available. <span class="anchor" id="OP"></span>A thread is defined by a title, an additional description that may summarize the intended discussion, and an opening or <b>original post</b> (common abbreviation <b>OP</b>, which can also be used to refer to the <b>original poster</b>), which opens whatever dialogue or makes whatever announcement the poster wishes. A thread can contain any number of posts, including multiple posts from the same members, even if they are one after the other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bumping"><span id="Bumping"></span>Bumping</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bump#Noun" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bump">bump</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>A thread is contained in a forum and may have an associated date that is taken as the date of the last post (options to order threads by other criteria are generally available). When a member posts in a thread, it will jump to the top since it is the latest updated thread. Similarly, other threads will jump in front of it when they receive posts. When a member posts in a thread for no reason but to have it go to the top, it is referred to as a <i>bump</i> or <i>bumping</i>. It has been suggested that "bump" is an acronym of "bring up my post";<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, this is almost certainly a <a href="/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym">backronym</a>, and the usage is entirely consistent with the verb "bump" which means "to knock to a new position".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On some messageboards, users can choose to <i>sage</i> (correctly pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sa-ɣe/</span> though often confused as <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[seɪdʒ]</a></span>) a post if they wish to make a post but not "bump" it. The word "sage" derives from the <a href="/wiki/2channel" title="2channel">2channel</a> terminology 下げる <i>sageru</i>, meaning "to lower". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stickying">Stickying</h4></div> <p>Threads that are important but rarely receive posts are <i>stickied</i> (or, in some software, "pinned"). A <i>sticky thread</i> will always appear in front of normal threads, often in its own section. A "threaded discussion group" is simply any group of individuals who use a forum for threaded, or asynchronous, discussion purposes. The group may or may not be the only users of the forum. </p><p>A thread's popularity is measured on forums in reply (total posts minus one, the opening post, in most default forum settings) counts. Some forums also track <a href="/wiki/Pageview" title="Pageview">page views</a>. Threads meeting a set number of posts or a set number of views may receive a designation such as "hot thread" and be displayed with a different icon compared to other threads. This icon may stand out more to emphasize the thread. If the forum's users have lost interest in a particular thread, it becomes a <i>dead thread</i>. </p> <table align="left"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PhpBB3_topic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PhpBB3_topic.png/280px-PhpBB3_topic.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PhpBB3_topic.png/420px-PhpBB3_topic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PhpBB3_topic.png/560px-PhpBB3_topic.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>phpBB Thread (viewing as moderator)</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PhpBB_forum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PhpBB_forum.png/280px-PhpBB_forum.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PhpBB_forum.png/420px-PhpBB_forum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PhpBB_forum.png/560px-PhpBB_forum.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>phpBB Forum (viewing as moderator)</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TreeExample480px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/TreeExample480px.jpg/280px-TreeExample480px.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/TreeExample480px.jpg/420px-TreeExample480px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/TreeExample480px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Forum (Fully Threaded display format)</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discussion">Discussion</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Internet_forum" title="Special:EditPage/Internet forum">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Internet+forum%22">"Internet forum"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Internet+forum%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Internet+forum%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Internet+forum%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Internet+forum%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Internet+forum%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Forums prefer the premise of open and free discussion and often adopt <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard">de facto standards</a>. The most common topics on forums include questions, comparisons, polls of opinion, and debates. It is not uncommon for nonsense or unsocial behavior to sprout as people lose their temper, especially if the topic is controversial. Poor understanding of the differences in values among the participants is a common problem on forums. Because replies to a topic are often worded to target someone's point of view, discussion will usually go slightly off in several directions as people question each other's validity, sources, and so on. Circular discussion and ambiguity in replies can extend for several tens of posts in a thread, eventually ending when <a href="/wiki/Ad_nauseam" title="Ad nauseam">everyone gives up</a> or attention spans waver and a more interesting subject takes over. It is not uncommon for debate to end in <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_hominem" title="Ad hominem">ad hominem</a></i> attacks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liabilities_of_owners_and_moderators">Liabilities of owners and moderators</h3></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuits</a> have been brought against the forums and moderators, claiming <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">libel</a> and damage. A recent case is the Scubaboard lawsuit, where a business in the Maldives filed a suit against Scubaboard for libel and defamation in January 2010. </p><p>For the most part, though, forum owners and moderators in the United States are protected by <a href="/wiki/Section_230" title="Section 230">Section 230</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act" title="Communications Decency Act">Communications Decency Act</a>, which states that "[n]o provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider". </p><p>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> was faced with a <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class action</a> lawsuit set forth by moderators diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a>. It was settled for $52 million the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_features">Common features</h2></div> <p>By default, to be an Internet forum, the web application needs the ability to submit threads and replies. Typically, threads are in a newer to older view, and replies are in an older to newer view. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tripcodes_and_capcodes">Tripcodes and capcodes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tripcode" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripcode">Tripcode</a></div> <p>Most imageboards and 2channel-style discussion boards allow (and encourage) anonymous posting and use a system of tripcodes instead of registration. A tripcode is the hashed result of a password that allows one's identity to be recognized without storing any data about the user. </p><p>In a tripcode system, a secret password is added to the user's name following a separator character (often a <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a>). This password, or tripcode, is <a href="/wiki/Hash_function" title="Hash function">hashed</a> into a special key, or trip, distinguishable from the name by HTML styles. Tripcodes cannot be faked, but on some types of forum software, they are insecure and can be guessed. On other types, they can be brute-forced with software designed to search for tripcodes, such as Tripcode Explorer.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moderators and administrators will frequently assign themselves capcodes or tripcodes where the guessable trip is replaced with a special notice (such as "# Administrator") or cap. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_message">Personal message</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Personal_message" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal message">Personal message</a></div> <p>A <i>personal</i> or <i>private message</i>, or PM for short, is a message sent in private from a member to one or more other members. The ability to send so-called <a href="/wiki/Blind_carbon_copy" title="Blind carbon copy">blind carbon copies</a> (BCC) is sometimes available. When sending a BCC, the users to whom the message is sent directly will not be aware of the recipients of the BCC or even if one was sent in the first place.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>example 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Private messages are generally used for personal conversations. They can also be used with tripcodes—a message is addressed to a public trip and can be picked up by typing in the tripcode. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attachment">Attachment</h3></div> <p>An attachment can be almost any file. When someone attaches a file to a person's post, they are uploading that particular file to the forum's server. Forums usually have very strict limits on what can be attached and what cannot (among which is the size of the files in question). Attachments can be part of a thread, a social group, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BBCode_and_HTML">BBCode and HTML</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBCode" title="BBCode">BBCode</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HyperText Markup Language</a> (HTML) is sometimes allowed, but usually its use is discouraged or, when allowed, extensively filtered. Modern bulletin board systems often have it disabled altogether<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> or allow only administrators to use it, as allowing it at any normal user level is considered a security risk due to the high rate of <a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">XSS</a> vulnerabilities. When HTML is disabled, <a href="/wiki/BBCode" title="BBCode">Bulletin Board Code</a> (BBCode) is the most common preferred alternative. BBCode usually consists of a tag, similar to HTML, but instead of <code><</code> and <code>></code>, the tagname is enclosed within square brackets (meaning: <code>[</code> and <code>]</code>). Commonly, <code>[i]</code> is used for <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic type</a>, <code>[b]</code> is used for <a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">bold</a>, <code>[u]</code> for <a href="/wiki/Underline" class="mw-redirect" title="Underline">underline</a>, <code>[color="value"]</code> for color, and <code>[list]</code> for lists, as well as <code>[img]</code> for images and <code>[url]</code> for links. </p><p>The following example BBCode: <code>[b]This[/b] is [i]clever[/i] [b] [i]text[/i] [/b]</code>. When the post is viewed, the code is rendered to HTML and will appear as: <b>This</b> is <i>clever</i> <i><b>text</b></i>. </p><p>Many forum packages offer a way to create Custom BBCodes, or BBcodes that are not built into the package, where the administrator of the board can create complex BBCodes to allow the use of JavaScript or iframe functions in posts, for example, embedding a YouTube or Google Video complete with viewer directly into a post. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emoticon">Emoticon</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">Emoticon</a></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">emoticon</a>, or <i>smiley</i>, is a symbol or combination of symbols used to convey emotional content in written or message form. Forums implement a system through which some of the text representations of emoticons (e.g., <code>xD</code>, <code>:p</code>) are rendered as a small image. Depending on what part of the world the forum's topic originates from (since most forums are international), smilies can be replaced by other forms of similar graphics; an example would be <a href="/wiki/Kaoani" title="Kaoani">kaoani</a> (e.g., <code>*(^O^)*</code>, <code>(^-^)b</code>), or even text between special symbols (e.g., :blink:, :idea:). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poll">Poll</h3></div> <p>Most forums implement an <a href="/wiki/Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">opinion poll</a> system for threads. Most implementations allow for single-choice or multi-choice (sometimes limited to a certain number) when selecting options, as well as private or public display of voters. Polls can be set to expire after a certain date or, in some cases, after a number of days from their creation. Members vote in a poll, and a statistic is displayed graphically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_features">Other features</h3></div> <p>An <i>ignore list</i> allows members to hide posts of other members that they do not want to see or have a problem with. In most implementations, they are referred to as <i>foe list</i> or <i>ignore list</i>. The posts are usually not hidden but minimized, with only a small bar indicating a post from the user on the <i>ignore list</i> is there.<sup id="cite_ref-vBFAQDTU_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vBFAQDTU-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost all Internet forums include a <i>member list</i>, which allows the display of all forum members with an integrated search feature. Some forums will not list members with zero posts, even if they have activated their accounts. </p><p>Many forums allow users to give themselves an <i>avatar</i>. An avatar is an image that appears beside all of a user's posts in order to make the user more recognizable. The user may upload the image to the forum database or provide a link to an image on a separate website. Each forum has limits on the height, width, and data size of avatars that may be used; if the user tries to use an avatar that is too big, it may be scaled down or rejected. </p><p>Similarly, most forums allow users to define a <i>signature</i> (sometimes called a <i>sig</i>), which is a block of text, possibly with BBCode, that appears at the bottom of all of the user's posts. There is a character limit on signatures, though it may be so high that it is rarely hit. Often, the forum's moderators impose manual rules on signatures to prevent them from being obnoxious (for example, being extremely long or having flashing images) and issue warnings or bans to users who break these rules. Like avatars, signatures may improve the recognizability of a poster. They may also allow the user to attach information to all of their posts, such as proclaiming support for a cause, noting facts about themselves, or quoting humorous things that have previously been said on the forum. </p><p>A <i>subscription</i> is a form of automated notification integrated into the software of most forums. It usually notifies the member either by email or on the site when the member returns. The option to subscribe is available for every thread while logged in. Subscriptions work with <i>read marking</i>, namely the property of <i>unread</i>, which is given to the content never served to the user by the software. </p><p>Recent developments in some popular implementations of forum software have brought <i>social network features and functionality</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such features include personal galleries and pages, as well as social networks like <a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">chat</a> systems. Most forum software is now fully customizable, with "hacks" or "modifications" readily available to customize a person's forum to theirs and their members' needs. </p><p>Often forums use "<a href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">cookies</a>", or information about the user's behavior on the site sent to a user's browser and used upon re-entry into the site. This is done to facilitate automatic login and to show a user whether a thread or forum has received new posts since his or her last visit. These may be disabled or cleared at any time.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_and_policies">Rules and policies</h2></div> <p>Forums are governed by a set of individuals, collectively referred to as <i>staff</i>, made up of <i>administrators</i> and <i>moderators</i>, which are responsible for the forums' conception, technical maintenance, and policies (creation and enforcing). Most forums have a list of rules detailing the wishes, aim, and guidelines of the forums' creators. There is usually also a <a href="/wiki/FAQ" title="FAQ">FAQ</a> section containing basic information for new members and people not yet familiar with the use and principles of a forum (generally tailored for specific forum software). </p><p>Rules on forums usually apply to the entire user body and often have preset exceptions, most commonly designating a section as an exception. For example, in an <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> forum any discussion regarding anything but computer <a href="/wiki/Programming_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming languages">programming languages</a> may be against the rules, with the exception of a <i>general chat</i> section. </p><p>Forum rules are maintained and enforced by the moderation team, but users are allowed to help out via what is known as a report system. Most Western forum platforms automatically provide such a system.<sup id="cite_ref-vBFAQDTU_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vBFAQDTU-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of a small function applicable to each post (including one's own). Using it will notify all currently available moderators of its location, and subsequent action or judgment can be carried out immediately, which is particularly desirable in large or very developed boards. Generally, moderators encourage members to also use the <i>private message</i> system if they wish to report behavior. Moderators will generally frown upon attempts of moderation by non-moderators, especially when the would-be moderators do not even issue a report. Messages from non-moderators acting as moderators generally declare a post as against the rules or predict punishment. While not harmful, statements that attempt to enforce the rules are discouraged.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When rules are broken several steps are commonly taken. First, a warning is usually given; this is commonly in the form of a <i>private message</i> but recent development has made it possible for it to be integrated into the software. Subsequent to this, if the act is ignored and warnings do not work, the member is – usually – first exiled from the forum for a number of days. Denying someone access to the site is called a <i>ban</i>. Bans can mean the person can no longer log in or even view the site anymore. If the offender, after the warning sentence, repeats the offense, another ban is given, usually this time a longer one. Continuous harassment of the site eventually leads to a permanent ban. In most cases, this means simply that the account is locked. In extreme cases where the offender – after being permanently banned – creates another account and continues to harass the site, administrators will apply an <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> ban or block (this can also be applied at the server level): If the IP address is static, the machine of the offender is prevented from accessing the site. In some extreme circumstances, IP address range bans or country bans can be applied; this is usually for political, licensing, or other reasons. See also: <a href="/wiki/Block_(Internet)" title="Block (Internet)">Block (Internet)</a>, <a href="/wiki/IP_address_blocking" title="IP address blocking">IP address blocking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship" title="Internet censorship">Internet censorship</a>. </p><p>Offending content is usually deleted. Sometimes if the topic is considered the source of the problem, it is <i>locked</i>; often a poster may request a topic expected to draw problems to be locked as well, although the moderators decide whether to grant it. In a <i>locked thread</i>, members cannot post anymore. In cases where the topic is considered a breach of rules it – with all of its posts – may be deleted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Troll">Troll</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Troll (Internet)">Troll (Internet)</a></div> <p>Forum <i>trolls</i> are users that repeatedly and deliberately breach the <a href="/wiki/Netiquette" class="mw-redirect" title="Netiquette">netiquette</a> of an established online community, posting inflammatory, extraneous, or off-topic messages to bait or excite users into responding or to test the forum rules and policies, and with that the patience of the forum staff. Their provocative behavior may potentially start <a href="/wiki/Flaming_(Internet)" title="Flaming (Internet)">flame wars</a> (see below) or other disturbances. Responding to a troll's provocations is commonly known as 'feeding the troll' and is generally discouraged, as it can encourage their disruptive behavior. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sock_puppet">Sock puppet</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sock_puppet_account" title="Sock puppet account">Sock puppet account</a></div> <p>The term sock puppet refers to multiple pseudonyms in use by the same person on a particular message board or forum. The analogy of a sock puppet is of a puppeteer holding up both hands and supplying dialogue to both puppets simultaneously. A typical use of a sockpuppet account is to agree with or debate another sockpuppet account belonging to the same person, for the purposes of reinforcing the puppeteer's position in an argument. Sock puppets are usually found when an <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> check is done on the accounts in forums. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spamming">Spamming</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Forum_spam" title="Forum spam">Forum spam</a></div> <p>Forum spamming is a breach of netiquette where users repeat the same word or phrase over and over, but differs from multiple posting in that spamming is usually a willful act that sometimes has malicious intent. This is a common trolling technique. It can also be traditional <a href="/wiki/Spam_(electronic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam (electronic)">spam</a>, unpaid <a href="/wiki/Advertisement" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertisement">advertisements</a> that are in breach of the forum's rules. Spammers utilize a number of illicit techniques to post their spam, including the use of <a href="/wiki/Botnets" class="mw-redirect" title="Botnets">botnets</a>. </p><p>Some forums consider concise, comment-oriented posts spam, for example <i>Thank you</i>, <i>Cool</i> or <i>I love it</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_posting">Double posting</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Double post" redirects here. For the PC BIOS double cold boot behaviour, see <a href="/wiki/Double_POST" class="mw-redirect" title="Double POST">double POST</a>.</div> <p>One common <i>faux pas</i> on Internet forums is to post the same message twice. Users sometimes post versions of a message that are only slightly different, especially in forums where they are not allowed to edit their earlier posts. Multiple posting instead of editing prior posts can artificially inflate a user's post count. Multiple posting can be unintentional; a user's browser might display an error message even though the post has been transmitted or a user of a slow forum might become impatient and repeatedly hit the submit button. An offline editor may post the same message twice. Multiple posting can also be used as a method of <a href="/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Troll (Internet)">trolling</a> or spreading <a href="/wiki/Forum_spam" title="Forum spam">forum spam</a>. A user may also send the same post to several forums, which is termed <a href="/wiki/Crossposting" title="Crossposting">crossposting</a>. The term derives from Usenet, where crossposting was an accepted practice but causes problems in web forums, which lack the ability to link such posts so replies in one forum are not visible to people reading the post in other forums. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Necroposting">Necroposting</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_forum&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/necropost" class="extiw" title="wikt:necropost">necropost</a> is a message that revives (as in <a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">necromancy</a>) an arbitrarily old thread, causing it to appear above newer and more active threads. This practice is generally seen as a breach of netiquette on most forums. Because old threads are not usually locked from further posting, necroposting is common for newer users and in cases where the date of previous posts is not apparent.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Word_censor">Word censor</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scunthorpe_problem" title="Scunthorpe problem">Scunthorpe problem</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Word_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Word filter">word censoring system</a> is commonly included in the forum software package. The system will pick up words in the body of the post or some other user-editable forum element (like user titles), and if they partially match a certain keyword (commonly no <a href="/wiki/Case_sensitivity" title="Case sensitivity">case sensitivity</a>) they will be censored. The most common censoring is letter replacement with an <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a> character. For example, in the user title, it is deemed inappropriate for users to use words such as "admin", "moderator", "leader" and so on. If the censoring system is implemented, a title such as "forum leader" may be filtered to "forum ******". Rude or vulgar words are common targets for the censoring system.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But such auto-censors can make mistakes, for example censoring "<a href="/wiki/Wristwatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Wristwatch">wris<b>twat</b>ch</a>" to "wris****ch", "<a href="/wiki/Scunthorpe" title="Scunthorpe">S<b>cunt</b>horpe</a>" to "S****horpe or "<a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>" to "Es***". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flame_wars">Flame wars</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flaming_(Internet)" title="Flaming (Internet)">Flaming (Internet)</a></div> <p>When a thread—or in some cases, an entire forum—becomes unstable, the result is usually uncontrolled spam in the form of one-line complaints, <a href="/wiki/Image_macro" title="Image macro">image macros</a>, or abuse of the report system. When the discussion becomes heated and sides do nothing more than complain and not accept each other's differences in point of view, the discussion degenerates into what is called a <i>flame war</i>. To <i>flame</i> someone means to go off-topic and attack the person rather than their opinion. Likely candidates for flame wars are usually religion and socio-political topics, or topics that discuss pre-existing rivalries outside the forum (e.g., rivalry between games, console systems, car manufacturers, nationalities, etc.). </p><p>When a topic that has degenerated into a flame war is considered akin to that of the forum (be it a section or the entire board), spam and flames have a chance of spreading outside the topic and causing trouble, usually in the form of vandalism. Some forums (commonly game forums) have suffered from forum-wide flame wars almost immediately after their conception, because of a pre-existing <i><a href="/wiki/Flame_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Flame war">flame war</a> element</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Online_community" title="Online community">online community</a>. Many forums have created devoted areas strictly for discussion of potential flame war topics that are moderated like normal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registration_or_anonymity">Registration or anonymity</h3></div> <p>Many Internet forums require registration to post. Registered users of the site are referred to as <i>members</i> and are allowed to submit or send electronic messages through the <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web application</a>. The process of registration involves verification of one's age (typically age 13 and over is required so as to meet <a href="/wiki/COPPA" class="mw-redirect" title="COPPA">COPPA</a> requirements of American forum software) followed by a declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Terms_of_service" title="Terms of service">terms of service</a> (other documents may also be present) and a request for agreement to said terms.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, if all goes well, the candidate is presented with a <a href="/wiki/Web_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Web form">web form</a> to fill requesting at the very least a <a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">username</a> (an alias), password, email and validation of a <a href="/wiki/CAPTCHA" title="CAPTCHA">CAPTCHA</a> code. </p><p>While simply completing the registration <a href="/wiki/Web_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Web form">web form</a> is in general enough to generate an account,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the status label <i>Inactive</i> is commonly provided by default until the registered user confirms the email address given while registering indeed belongs to the user. Until that time, the registered user can log into the new account but may not <a href="#Post">post</a>, <a href="#Thread">reply</a>, or send <a href="#Private_message">private messages</a> in the forum. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spacetrace_forum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Spacetrace_forum.png/280px-Spacetrace_forum.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Spacetrace_forum.png/420px-Spacetrace_forum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Spacetrace_forum.png/560px-Spacetrace_forum.png 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>Internet forums are used frequently in conjunction with multiplayer online games.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sometimes a <i>referrer system</i> is implemented. A <i>referrer</i> is someone who introduced or otherwise "helped someone" with the decision to join the site (likewise, how a <a href="/wiki/HTTP_referrer" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP referrer">HTTP referrer</a> is the site who linked one to another site). Usually, referrers are other forum members and members are usually rewarded for referrals. The referrer system is also sometimes implemented so that, if a visitor visits the forum through a link such as <code>referrerid=300</code>, the user with the id number (in this example, 300) would receive referral credit if the visitor registers.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose is commonly just to give credit (sometimes rewards are implied) to those who help the community grow. </p><p>In areas such as <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, registration is frequently optional and anonymity is sometimes even encouraged.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On these forums, a <a href="/wiki/Tripcode" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripcode">tripcode</a> system may be used to allow verification of an <a href="/wiki/Personally_identifiable_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Personally identifiable information">identity</a> without the need for formal registration. People who regularly read the forum discussions but do not register or do not post are often referred to as "lurkers". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_other_web_applications">Comparison with other web applications</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Electronic_mailing_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic mailing list">Electronic mailing lists</a>: The main difference between forums and electronic mailing lists is that mailing lists automatically deliver new messages to the subscriber, while forums require the reader to visit the website and check for new posts. Because members may miss replies in threads they are interested in, many modern forums offer an "e-mail notification" feature, whereby members can choose to be notified of new posts in a thread, and <a href="/wiki/Web_feed" title="Web feed">web feeds</a> that allow members to see a summary of the new posts using <a href="/wiki/Feed_aggregator" class="mw-redirect" title="Feed aggregator">aggregator</a> software. There are also software products that combine forum and mailing list features, i.e. posting and reading via email as well as the browser depending on the member's choice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (December 2018)">examples needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/News_client" class="mw-redirect" title="News client">Newsreader</a>: The main difference between newsgroups and forums is that additional software, a <a href="/wiki/News_client" class="mw-redirect" title="News client">News client</a>, is required to participate in newsgroups whereas using a forum requires no additional software beyond the <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>. </p><p>Shoutboxes: Unlike Internet forums, most shoutboxes do not require registration, only requiring an email address from the user. Additionally, shoutboxes are not heavily moderated, unlike most message boards. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">Wiki</a>: Unlike conventional forums, the original wikis allowed all users to edit all content (including each other's messages). This level of content manipulation is reserved for moderators or administrators on most forums. Wikis also allow the creation of other content outside the <a href="/wiki/Talk_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Talk page">talk pages</a>. On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">weblogs</a> and generic content management systems tend to be locked down to the point where only a few select users can post blog entries, although many allow other users to comment upon them. The Wiki hosting site known as <a href="/wiki/Wikia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikia">Wikia</a> has two features in operation, known as the Forum and Message Wall. The forum is used solely for discussion and works through editing, while the message wall works through posted messages more similar to a traditional forum. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chat_room" title="Chat room">Chat rooms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a>: Forums differ from chats and instant messaging in that forum participants do not have to be online simultaneously to receive or send messages. Messages posted to a forum are publicly available for some time even if the forum or thread is closed, which is uncommon in chat rooms that maintain frequent activity. </p><p>One rarity among forums is the ability to create a picture album. Forum participants may upload personal pictures onto the site and add descriptions to the pictures. Pictures may be in the same format as posting threads, and contain the same options such as "Report Post" and "Reply to Post". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Internet_forum_software" title="Comparison of Internet forum software">Comparison of Internet forum software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godwin%27s_law" title="Godwin's law">Godwin's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_forums" title="List of Internet forums">List of Internet forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduling_(computing)" title="Scheduling (computing)">Scheduling (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">Social network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_news_website" title="Social news website">Social news website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">Thread (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warnock%27s_dilemma" title="Warnock's dilemma">Warnock's dilemma</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resources">Resources</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a> (Microsoft-proprietary <a href="/wiki/Single_sign-on" title="Single sign-on">single sign-on</a>, <a href="/wiki/Access_control" title="Access control">access</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remote_desktop" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote desktop">remote</a> and <a href="/wiki/Domain_controller" title="Domain controller">domain</a> control service)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_directory_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Open directory project">Open directory project</a> (multi-platform <a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">ontology</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">open-standard content</a> directory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhpBB" title="PhpBB">phpBB</a> (<a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> code copyrighted platform)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>read marking</i> is the process through which a thread, post, or forum that has been viewed is distinguished from those that have not. The function is usually automatic with the addition of controls, like <i>Mark All</i> etc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">singular "janny"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">an account is a space on the site identified by the chosen username through which a member carries out activities and contributes.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Presuming someone is sending a personal message and has the ability to send a BCC: If someone fills the <i>recipient</i> field with "John" and "Tom", and the BCC field with "Gordon". John will know Tom got the message. Tom knows John got the message. But, both Tom and John have no clue that Gordon got the message as well.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vBfaqFORUM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vBfaqFORUM_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vbulletin.com/forum/faq.php?faq=vb3_board_usage#faq_vb3_forums_threads_posts">"vBulletin Community Forum - FAQ: What is a bulletin board?"</a>. vBulletin.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121115211910/https://www.vbulletin.com/forum/faq.php?faq=vb3_board_usage#faq_vb3_forums_threads_posts">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-01</span></span>. <q>A bulletin board is an online discussion site. It is sometimes also called a 'board' or 'forum'. It may contain several categories, consisting of sub-forums, threads and individual posts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=vBulletin+Community+Forum+-+FAQ%3A+What+is+a+bulletin+board%3F&rft.pub=vBulletin.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vbulletin.com%2Fforum%2Ffaq.php%3Ffaq%3Dvb3_board_usage%23faq_vb3_forums_threads_posts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbsref-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbsref_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbsref_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbsref_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011092536/http://www.videojug.com/expertanswer/internet-communities-and-forums-2/what-is-an-internet-forum">"What is an 'Internet forum'? (video entry by Ethan Feerst and Dylan Stewart group)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.videojug.com/expertanswer/internet-communities-and-forums-2/what-is-an-internet-forum">the original</a> on 2008-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+an+%27Internet+forum%27%3F+%28video+entry+by+Ethan+Feerst+and+Dylan+Stewart+group%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videojug.com%2Fexpertanswer%2Finternet-communities-and-forums-2%2Fwhat-is-an-internet-forum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glossary_Of_Technical_Terms-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glossary_Of_Technical_Terms_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glossary_Of_Technical_Terms_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080507024349/http://www.greenwebdesign.com/Glossary-Of-Technical-Terms.htm">"Glossary Of Technical Terms"</a>. <i>Green Web Design</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenwebdesign.com/Glossary-Of-Technical-Terms.htm">the original</a> on 2008-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Web+Design&rft.atitle=Glossary+Of+Technical+Terms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenwebdesign.com%2FGlossary-Of-Technical-Terms.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080421205816/http://bugclub.org/glossary.html">"Brevard User's Group - Technical Glossary"</a>. <i>Brevard User's Group</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bugclub.org/glossary.html">the original</a> on 2008-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brevard+User%27s+Group&rft.atitle=Brevard+User%27s+Group+-+Technical+Glossary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbugclub.org%2Fglossary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/WIT/">"World-Wide Web Interactive Talk"</a>. W3C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103170047/http://www.w3.org/WIT/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World-Wide+Web+Interactive+Talk&rft.pub=W3C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FWIT%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forum-software.org/forum-software-timeline-from-1994-to-today">"Forum Software Timeline 1994 - 2010"</a>. Forum Software Reviews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110127195614/http://www.forum-software.org/forum-software-timeline-from-1994-to-today">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-01-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forum+Software+Timeline+1994+-+2010&rft.pub=Forum+Software+Reviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forum-software.org%2Fforum-software-timeline-from-1994-to-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews" class="citation magazine cs1">Andrews, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/06/68010">"wired.com"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090110183032/http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/06/68010">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Free Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171018163859/http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/BUMP">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NodeBB&rft.atitle=NodeBB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnodebb.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fanforum.com/faq.php?faq=vb_user_maintain#faq_vb_why_register">"FAQ: User Maintenance"</a>. Fan Forum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022092636/http://www.fanforum.com/faq.php?faq=vb_user_maintain#faq_vb_why_register">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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