CINXE.COM

Protecting against health emergencies

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- head to scrape:on --> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title> Protecting against health emergencies </title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#007eb4" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.fontawesome.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com" /> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.all.min.js"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.timezones.min.js"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.who.int" /> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/css/all.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel='stylesheet' href='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/styles/grid.min.css?v=14.0.7729.16372' > <!-- head to scrape:off --> <link rel='stylesheet' href='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/styles/origin.min.css?v=14.0.7729.16372' ><link rel='stylesheet' href='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/styles/main.min.css?v=14.0.7729.16372' > <link rel='stylesheet' href='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/styles/print.min.css?v=14.0.7729.16372' media='print'> <script> var lang = document.documentElement.lang; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({'language': lang }); window.dataLayer.push({ "pagetype": "webpage", "targetaudience": "general-audience", "targetcountry": "global", "publishingoffice": "who-health-emergencies-programme", "healthtopic": "Emergencies" });</script> <script> (function() { function deleteCookie(cookieName,domain) { document.cookie = cookieName + '=;expires=Mon Jan 01 1900 00:00:00 ; path=/; domain=' + domain; } function loadAndTrack(canTrack) { if (!canTrack) { var domain = location.hostname.replace(/^www\./i, '.'); //GA deleteCookie('_ga', domain); deleteCookie('_gat', domain); deleteCookie('_gid', domain); //Clarity deleteCookie('_clck', domain); deleteCookie('_clsk', domain); //Google Adsense deleteCookie('_gcl_au', domain); } else{ //Fire GTM //Google Tag Manager (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5QFSQRT'); //End Google Tag Manager } return; } if (window.TrackingConsentManager) { TrackingConsentManager.addEventListener('ConsentChanged', loadAndTrack); loadAndTrack(TrackingConsentManager.canTrackCurrentUser()); } else { loadAndTrack(true); } })(); </script><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:title" content="Protecting against health emergencies" /><style type="text/css" media="all">.row-flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.row-flex .card{flex-grow:1}.row-flex .sf_colsIn{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}.row-flex .card__content-group{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}.row-flex .card__content{display:flex;flex-grow:1}.qa-details__content .sf-accordion__content p a{outline:0;color:var(--l2-neutralForegroundRest);border-bottom:1px solid var(--l2-neutralForegroundRest);text-decoration:none}.qa-details__content .sf-accordion__content p a:focus{outline:0;color:var(--l2-accentFillHover);background-color:var(--l2-neutralFillStealthHover);border-bottom:3px solid var(--l2-neutralFocus);text-decoration:none}.qa-details__content .sf-accordion__content p a:hover{outline:0;color:var(--l2-neutralForegroundRest);background-color:var(--l2-neutralFillStealthHover);border-bottom:3px solid var(--l2-neutralFocus);text-decoration:none}.mdc-card.mdc-card--background .card-media--item{background:0 0;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,rgba(0,0,0,.5) 25%,#000 100%)}.mdc-card.mdc-card--background a .item--title,.mdc-card.mdc-card--background a:active .item--title,.mdc-card.mdc-card--background a:focus .item--title,.mdc-card.mdc-card--background a:hover .item--title{text-decoration:none}.mdc-card a:visited .item--title,.mdc-card.mdc-card--background .item--title{color:#fff}.card--solid.bg-dark:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#20313b;border:2px solid #fff}.card--solid.bg-dark a{color:#fff;background-color:#20313b;border:2px solid #20313b}.card--solid.bg-dark a:hover{color:#20313b;background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #20313b}.card--solid.bg-dark:focus-within{color:#fff;background-color:#20313b;border:2px solid var(--l4-neutralFocus)}.mdc-card a .item--title,.mdc-card a:visited .item--title{color:var(--l4-neutralForegroundRest)}.mdc-card a:visited .item--title{color:var(--l4-neutralForegroundRest)!important}.-sf-integrated-app body,.sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent a.sfAddContentLnk,.zeContentMode .sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent,.zeLayoutMode .sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent,.zeSettingsMode .sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent,.zeThemesMode .sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent{font-family:Arial,Verdana,sans-serif!important}#navigationToScrape .content-block a,.alphabetical-nav--list .alphabetical-nav--list-item a,.alphabetical-nav--list a,.nav--list a{text-decoration:none!important}.sf-events-wrapper .vertical-list-item:focus,.sf-events-wrapper .vertical-list-item:focus-within{outline:2px solid var(--l4-neutralFocus)!important}.sf-events-wrapper .vertical-list-item a:focus-within,.sf-events-wrapper .vertical-list-item:focus{outline:0}.top-header li.active>a,.top-header li.open>a,.top-header li.selected>a,.top-header li:hover>a{background-color:var(--d-l4-accentFillHover)}.webinars-listing .sf-multimedia-item__container{aspect-ratio:16/9;width:100%;height:auto!important;min-height:304px}.webinar-episodes.vertical-list .vertical-list-item .thumb{min-height:131px;aspect-ratio:16/9;height:auto;width:100%}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.webinar-episodes.vertical-list .vertical-list-item .thumb{display:none}}.webinar-episodes-details .sf-multimedia-item__container{height:390px;aspect-ratio:16/9;height:auto}.mdc-card--background a:visited .item--title{color:#fff!important}.hero-image--content.plx-bg--transparent.text-center{position:relative;width:100%;max-width:100%}.k-safari .plx-static .inner.responsive-background-image{background-attachment:unset;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain}.plx-static.hero-image--wrapper.has-caption{margin-bottom:0}@media (max-width:768px){.row--flex,.row-flex{flex-wrap:wrap}.row--flex .sf_colsIn{margin-bottom:1rem}}.dynamic-content__description .button a,.dynamic-content__description li .button a,.dynamic-content__description p .button a{color:var(--l1-accentForegroundCut);border-bottom:3px solid transparent;text-decoration:none}.dynamic-content__description .button-blue-background{border-color:transparent;outline-color:transparent;border-bottom:2px solid transparent}.dynamic-content__description .button-blue-background:hover a{border-color:transparent;background-color:var(--l1-accentFillHover);color:var(--l1-accentForegroundCut);outline-color:transparent;border-bottom:3px solid transparent}.socialmedia-icons svg{margin-top:-.7rem}@media (min-width:1020px){.section-header:first-child{margin-top:-58px}}.eventscard .card#card-visitors .header .content .title{font-size:19px;line-height:23px}@media (min-width:1020px){.sticky-wrapper.is-sticky .sf-sidebar{position:relative!important}}html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/ar"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/ar/"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/en"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/en/"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/es"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/es/"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/fr"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/fr/"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/pt"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/pt/"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/ru"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/ru/"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/zh"],html.cms a[href^="/"][href$="/zh/"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/ar"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/ar/"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/en"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/en/"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/es"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/es/"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/fr"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/fr/"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/pt"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/pt/"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/ru"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/ru/"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/zh"],html.cms a[href^="http://www.who.int"][href$="/zh/"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/ar"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/ar/"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/en"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/en/"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/es"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/es/"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/fr"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/fr/"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/pt"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/pt/"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/ru"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/ru/"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/zh"],html.cms a[href^="https://www.who.int"][href$="/zh/"]{background-color:transparent!important}html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/ar"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/ar/"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/en"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/en/"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/es"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/es/"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/fr"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/fr/"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/pt"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/pt/"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/ru"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/ru/"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/zh"],html.cms a[href$="http://www.who.int/zh/"],html.cms a[href$="https://www.who.int/en"],html.cms a[href$="https://www.who.int/en/"],html.cms a[href$="https://www.who.int/es"],html.cms a[href$="https://www.who.int/es/"],html.cms a[href$="https://www.who.int/fr"],html.cms a[href$="https://www.who.int/fr/"],html.cms a[href$="https://www.who.int/zh"],html.cms a[href$="https://www.who.int/zh/"],html.cms a[href="/"],html.cms a[href="/ar"],html.cms a[href="/ar/"],html.cms a[href="/en"],html.cms a[href="/en/"],html.cms a[href="/es"],html.cms a[href="/es/"],html.cms a[href="/fr"],html.cms a[href="/fr/"],html.cms a[href="/pt"],html.cms a[href="/pt/"],html.cms a[href="/ru"],html.cms a[href="/ru/"],html.cms a[href="/zh"],html.cms a[href="/zh/"],html.cms a[href^="https://bit.ly"]{background-color:transparent!important}</style><style type="text/css" media="all">/*ipad portrait*/ @media all and (min-device-width: 768px) and (max-device-width: 1015px) and (orientation:portrait) { #donate-div-mob { display: block !important; padding-left: 45% !important; margin: 3px 0px; } } /*ipad Pro portrait*/ @media all and (min-device-width: 1024px) and (max-device-width: 1100px) and (orientation:portrait) { #donate-div { padding-left: 82% !important; } } /*New set 1*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { #donate-div { display: inline-block !important; right: 50px !important; padding: 0 !important; } } @media (min-width: 1715px) and (max-width: 2560px) { #donate-div { display: inline-block !important; right: 198px !important; padding: 0 !important; } } /*iPad Pro*/ @media (min-device-width: 1024px) and (max-device-width: 1100px) and (orientation: portrait) { #donate-div { display: inline-block !important; right: 60px !important; padding: 0 !important; } }</style><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.who.int/europe/about-us/our-work/core-priorities/protecting-against-health-emergencies" /></head> <body class="sf-body "> <a class="visually-hidden-focusable" href="#content">Skip to main content</a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5QFSQRT" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=okuX3IVIBwfJlfEQK32K3l5K7YGiATb30h89J0olbNMeAyOtdYE6_Exv9Bd_ta2_XSFvjotxKLnlt9vcM6Kg3aKCXjsPLAfc02HCCEnrn0StjUGoNmpcNHr0Q7qewBsI-wQmYIVPg1mLq03jlrRY4M-hzwvjWouuBv3ehropIpydPBUR0&amp;t=ffffffffa587f0f2" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=ePnjFy9PuY6CB3GWMX-b_9dUqj_iyHKbtZiYzX__OhcBoGTfz1BCLaN4h7Fbajcqvr0jzshQTloWygrPD-ACaSqbbnMU2RjynHKyNq228hugZnvpXRMVXdY9OyDF4Ewext63iLJGrHIt24Ious-uCOclPLq5lpYk7ok9AjUyDR56hxVu0&amp;t=ffffffffa587f0f2" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=2z9h4-hKx8Yk1hygmet7pjkFguWG8Z1Fhnuod_CvCHCExwAB9TmazYiwtnNc8_PE_sQ84nrSkjqY9EALBnpl3lcKaF9OEQUFbopzQYCfhpJXDQLR-yvNY8t812iM5Aejg6fxAEzrTW8MI2owx-zl9SrMG73lcKP32vb5eFgX02xyZpHf0&amp;t=ffffffffa587f0f2" type="text/javascript"></script> <div class="sf-main-site main-site main"> <!-- header:on --> <!--noindex--><!--stopindex--> <header> <div id="sf-top-header" class="sf-top-header top-header"> <div class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"> <div id="TopHeader_TD9F2A204012_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"> </div> <div id="TopHeader_TACCC09BE001_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div class="sf_colsIn col-md-4" data-sf-element="Geo Navigation" data-placeholder-label="Geo Navigation"> <div id="sf-geo-navigation-container"> <nav class="sf-geo-navigation" aria-label="Regions"> <ul class="sf-primary-geo-navigation"> <li class=" sf-no-logo"> <a href="https://www.who.int/" class="mobile nav-logo"> <img class="svg" src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue1820eae93c154e37b2588ab90fdbc17e.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" alt="World Health Organization" /> </a> <a href="https://www.who.int/" class="desktop">Global</a> </li> <li class="active has-children"> <a href="#">Regions</a> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-container"> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-wrapper"> <div class="sf-geo-navigation-title"> <div class="nav-header"> <span class="nav-logo"> <img class="svg" src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue1820eae93c154e37b2588ab90fdbc17e.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" alt="World Health Organization" /> </span> <span class="nav-title">WHO Regional websites</span> <div class="nav-back-btn"><i class="fas fa-angle-left"></i></div> </div> </div> <ul class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation sf-secondary-geo-navigation-region row"> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.afro.who.int/"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/africa.png?sfvrsn=3204f957_18" alt="Africa" /> <span>Africa</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?lang=en"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/americas.png?sfvrsn=9efd6df3_18" alt="Americas" /> <span>Americas</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.who.int/southeastasia"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/south-east-asia.png?sfvrsn=68e76dc2_16" alt="South-East Asia" /> <span>South-East Asia</span> </a> </li> <li class="active col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/europe.png?sfvrsn=c7d5c5a5_18" alt="Europe" /> <span>Europe</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="http://www.emro.who.int/index.html"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/eastern-mediterranean.png?sfvrsn=71211e18_16" alt="Eastern Mediterranean" /> <span>Eastern Mediterranean</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.who.int/westernpacific/"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/western-pacific.png?sfvrsn=88cbdcd5_16" alt="Western Pacific" /> <span>Western Pacific</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=" has-children"> <a href="#">Countries</a> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-container"> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-wrapper"> <div class="sf-geo-navigation-title"> <div class="nav-header"> <span class="nav-logo"> <img class="svg" src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue1820eae93c154e37b2588ab90fdbc17e.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" alt="World Health Organization" /> </span> <span class="nav-title"></span> <div class="nav-back-btn"><i class="fas fa-angle-left"></i></div> </div> </div> <ul class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation sf-secondary-geo-navigation-country"> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/alb.jpg?sfvrsn=45c1de0b_26" alt="Albania" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/albania">Albania</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/and45fb81d6bc1d46f1ac712355ecf9c482.jpg?sfvrsn=d8cc8886_28" alt="Andorra" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/andorra">Andorra</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/arm.jpg?sfvrsn=f7bc990d_19" alt="Armenia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/armenia">Armenia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/aut.jpg?sfvrsn=f7d64b96_19" alt="Austria" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/austria/">Austria</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/aze.jpg?sfvrsn=40452dae_19" alt="Azerbaijan" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/blr.jpg?sfvrsn=f35d79c2_15" alt="Belarus" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/belarus">Belarus</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/bel.jpg?sfvrsn=9cb17f71_19" alt="Belgium" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/belgium">Belgium</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/bih.jpg?sfvrsn=58fad8c_19" alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/bosnia-and-herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/bgr.jpg?sfvrsn=f99e63b5_19" alt="Bulgaria" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/hrv.jpg?sfvrsn=95af059c_19" alt="Croatia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/croatia">Croatia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/cyp.jpg?sfvrsn=8ff57666_15" alt="Cyprus" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/cyprus">Cyprus</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/cze.jpg?sfvrsn=bbbc481_15" alt="Czechia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/czechia">Czechia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/dnk.jpg?sfvrsn=c25cdb1d_17" alt="Denmark" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/denmark">Denmark</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/est.jpg?sfvrsn=5a30b1e1_39" alt="Estonia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/estonia">Estonia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/fin.jpg?sfvrsn=dd4c4e23_18" alt="Finland" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/finland">Finland</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/fra.jpg?sfvrsn=dbea9dee_19" alt="France" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/france">France</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/geo.jpg?sfvrsn=5643602_18" alt="Georgia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/georgia">Georgia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/deu.jpg?sfvrsn=ec36b68f_18" alt="Germany" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/germany">Germany</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/grc.jpg?sfvrsn=d66bf3b5_18" alt="Greece" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/greece">Greece</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/hun.jpg?sfvrsn=a293cc42_19" alt="Hungary" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/hungary">Hungary</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/isl.jpg?sfvrsn=9afd3c28_18" alt="Iceland" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/iceland">Iceland</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/irl.jpg?sfvrsn=d4db74a6_17" alt="Ireland" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/ireland">Ireland</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/isr.jpg?sfvrsn=b6c7bf8e_17" alt="Israel" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/israel">Israel</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/ita.jpg?sfvrsn=75fd6d0b_18" alt="Italy" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/italy">Italy</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/kaz.jpg?sfvrsn=b9a2ad18_18" alt="Kazakhstan" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/kgz.jpg?sfvrsn=2fa0a18_18" alt="Kyrgyzstan" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/lva.jpg?sfvrsn=5900e421_18" alt="Latvia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/latvia">Latvia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/ltu.jpg?sfvrsn=79b04142_18" alt="Lithuania" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/lithuania">Lithuania</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/lux.jpg?sfvrsn=4f2e50b1_17" alt="Luxembourg" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/mlt.jpg?sfvrsn=b193a760_18" alt="Malta" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/malta">Malta</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/mco.jpg?sfvrsn=ecf31775_17" alt="Monaco" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/monaco">Monaco</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/mne.jpg?sfvrsn=14803f4e_17" alt="Montenegro" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/montenegro">Montenegro</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/nld.jpg?sfvrsn=fd38c478_17" alt="Netherlands (Kingdom of the)" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/netherlands">Netherlands (Kingdom of the)</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/mkd.jpg?sfvrsn=68364ce3_15" alt="North Macedonia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/north-macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/nor.jpg?sfvrsn=dc71d8e1_17" alt="Norway" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/norway">Norway</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/pol.jpg?sfvrsn=a40640c9_17" alt="Poland" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/poland">Poland</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/prt.jpg?sfvrsn=1e528be0_17" alt="Portugal" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/portugal">Portugal</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/mda.jpg?sfvrsn=5b323e4b_18" alt="Republic of Moldova" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/republic-of-moldova">Republic of Moldova</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/rou.jpg?sfvrsn=49ecbbaa_17" alt="Romania" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/romania">Romania</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/rus.jpg?sfvrsn=f545ea74_17" alt="Russian Federation" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/russian-federation">Russian Federation</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/smr.jpg?sfvrsn=949f0a76_18" alt="San Marino" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/san-marino">San Marino</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/srb.jpg?sfvrsn=ea27dbdd_15" alt="Serbia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/serbia">Serbia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/svk.jpg?sfvrsn=29a1f9c3_17" alt="Slovakia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/slovakia">Slovakia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/svn.jpg?sfvrsn=f2ed47e3_18" alt="Slovenia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/slovenia">Slovenia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/esp.jpg?sfvrsn=960eaef3_18" alt="Spain" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/spain">Spain</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/swe.jpg?sfvrsn=efc10a9a_17" alt="Sweden" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/sweden">Sweden</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/che.jpg?sfvrsn=cfb3bfc2_18" alt="Switzerland" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/switzerland">Switzerland</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/tjk.jpg?sfvrsn=356fb42a_17" alt="Tajikistan" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/tur.jpg?sfvrsn=73bb31c3_18" alt="T&#252;rkiye" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/turkiye">T&#252;rkiye</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/tkm.jpg?sfvrsn=21106e16_18" alt="Turkmenistan" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/ukr.jpg?sfvrsn=a0670681_18" alt="Ukraine" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/ukraine">Ukraine</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/gbr.jpg?sfvrsn=e6a6252c_17" alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/countries-overview/flags/uzb.jpg?sfvrsn=faaa222_17" alt="Uzbekistan" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="sf_colsIn col-md-8" data-sf-element="Language Selector & Search" data-placeholder-label="Language Selector & Search"> <!--Navigation search:on--> <!--Navigation search:off--> <div class="form-inline"> <div class="form-group sf-search-input-wrapper" role="search"> <div class="srchaction-wrapper"> <span class="srchaction"> <i id="6c3931d6-d5fb-4303-ab59-3cd2064d4627" class="fa fa-search fa-2x fa-loaded" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> <input type="search" title="Search input" placeholder="Search" id="abe44743-af9e-4d01-947e-7f89483d5c9e" class="form-control" value="" aria-autocomplete="both" aria-describedby='SearchInfo-1' /> </div> <!--Toggle search:start--> <span class="srchtoggle"> <i class="fa fa-search fa-2x fa-loaded" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> <!--Toggle search:end--> <span id='SearchInfo-1' aria-hidden="true" hidden>When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select.</span> </div> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="resultsUrl" value="/europe/home/search" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="indexCatalogue" value="eurosearchindex" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="wordsMode" value="AnyWord" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="disableSuggestions" value='true' /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="minSuggestionLength" value="3" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="suggestionFields" value="Title,Content" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="language" value="en" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="siteId" value="3a6a4c19-eabb-427a-a6b6-4b892a81038c" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="suggestionsRoute" value="/restapi/search/suggestions" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="searchTextBoxId" value='#abe44743-af9e-4d01-947e-7f89483d5c9e' /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="searchButtonId" value='#6c3931d6-d5fb-4303-ab59-3cd2064d4627' /> </div> <div class="dd sf-lang-selector language-selector"> <i class="fas fa-language" aria-hidden="true"></i> <label for="language-selector"> Select language </label> <select onChange="openLink(value)" id="language-selector" name="language-selector"> <option disabled selected>Select language</option> <option value="en" lang="en" class=selected>English</option> <option value="fr" lang="fr" >Fran&#231;ais</option> <option value="ru" lang="ru" >袪褍褋褋泻懈泄</option> <option value="de" lang="de" >Deutsch</option> </select> <i class="fas fa-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <style> li.slicknav_addition.sf-lang-selector { width: 100%; position: relative } li.slicknav_addition.sf-lang-selector select { min-width: 100% } #search-form label { visibility: hidden } .language-selector label { width: 0 !important; height: 0; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden } </style> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- logo:on --> <div id="sf-main-header" class="main-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Logos" data-placeholder-label="Logos Geo Navigation"> <div id="sf-geo-navigation-sites-container"> <nav class="sf-geo-navigation-sites" aria-label="Europe"> <div id="ysf-primary-geo-navigation-sites" class="sf-primary-geo-navigation-sites"> <div class="global-site"> <a href="https://www.who.int/"> <img src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue1820eae93c154e37b2588ab90fdbc17e.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" class="svg" alt="World Health Organization" /> </a> </div> <div class="region-and-country-site"> <div class="region-site"> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/"> Europe </a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="header-logo logos-container"> <a href="/europe" title="Home" class="primary-logo"> <img src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/images/logos/en/h-logo-blue.svg" alt="Home" class="logo svg" /> </a> </div> </div> <!--Donate button starts--> <div id="donate-div" style="position: absolute;"> <div id="donate-button" class="button fg-primary"> <a id="donate-link" class="link" href="https://donate.who.foundation/?utm_source=donate_button&utm_medium=who&utm_campaign=global_english" target="_blank">Donate</a> </div> </div> <!--Donate button ends--> </div> </div> </div> <!-- logo:off --> <!--Mobile donate button starts--> <div id="donate-div-mob" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6"> <div id="donate-button-mob" class="button fg-primary"> <a id="donate-link-mobile" class="link" href="https://donate.who.foundation/?utm_source=donate_button&utm_medium=who&utm_campaign=global_english" target="_blank">Donate</a> </div> </div> <!--Mobile donate button ends--> <div id="navigationToScrape" class="navigation"> <div class="row navWrapper" data-sf-element="Row"> <div class="nav-container"> <!--Main desktop navigation:on--> <ul class="nav"></ul> <!--Main desktop navigation:off--> </div> <ul class="nav-mobile"></ul> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204024_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Menu Wrapper" data-placeholder-label="Menu Wrapper"><div class="navItemLayout navHomeItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204025_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="462d1e6142204614967bd9067cfdb5c2" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/europe" target="_self">Home</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204025_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204029_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="7ffd44c42ba14513a960c349849ce72f" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/europe/health-topics" target="_self">Health topics</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204029_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA161_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"><div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204114_Col00" class="sf_colsIn horizontal" data-sf-element="Horizontal" data-placeholder-label="Horizontal"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><ul><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/" data-sf-ec-immutable="">All topics &raquo;</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#A" data-sf-ec-immutable="">A</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#B" data-sf-ec-immutable="">B</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#C" data-sf-ec-immutable="">C</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#D" data-sf-ec-immutable="">D</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#E" data-sf-ec-immutable="">E</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#F" data-sf-ec-immutable="">F</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#G" data-sf-ec-immutable="">G</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#H" data-sf-ec-immutable="">H</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#I" data-sf-ec-immutable="">I</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#J" data-sf-ec-immutable="">J</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#K" data-sf-ec-immutable="">K</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#L" data-sf-ec-immutable="">L</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#M" data-sf-ec-immutable="">M</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#N" data-sf-ec-immutable="">N</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#O" data-sf-ec-immutable="">O</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#P" data-sf-ec-immutable="">P</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#Q" data-sf-ec-immutable="">Q</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#R" data-sf-ec-immutable="">R</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#S" data-sf-ec-immutable="">S</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#T" data-sf-ec-immutable="">T</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#U" data-sf-ec-immutable="">U</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#V" data-sf-ec-immutable="">V</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#W" data-sf-ec-immutable="">W</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#X" data-sf-ec-immutable="">X</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#Y" data-sf-ec-immutable="">Y</a></li><li><a href="/europe/health-topics/#Z" data-sf-ec-immutable="">Z</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA161_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="fcdd6c6a8f7e491ba02d2c34f6efff78" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/resources" target="_self">Resources</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/resources/fact-sheets" target="_self">Fact sheets</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/resources/feature-stories" target="_self">Feature stories</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/resources/multimedia" target="_self">Multimedia</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/resources/publications" target="_self">Publications</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/resources/questions---answers" target="_self">Questions &amp; answers</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/resources/tools-and-toolkits" target="_self">Tools and toolkits</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA161_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="f3e958f2c9b2437dbfd9c9c6780e694e" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/popular" target="_self">Popular</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/popular/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-pandemic" target="_self">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/popular/ukraine-emergency" target="_self">Ukraine emergency</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/popular/nutrition" target="_self">Nutrition </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/health-topics/popular/environment-and-health" target="_self">Environment and health </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA161_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><p><a href="/europe/health-topics/mpox">Mpox (monkeypox)</a></p><p><a href="/europe/health-topics/mpox"><img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/monkeypox---who-europe-tmb-1920vfdce1580-2c0b-4239-82ff-c6043b25aa39.jpg?sfvrsn=b3f43776_5" height="151" width="250" alt="" sf-size="232477"></a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204027_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="29fea4d3eca94fb2a155a5ea236524da" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work" target="_self">Our work</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204027_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204039_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="9d0b2794a2ec4f5e829df05b7efe90f0" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/our-work" target="_self">Our work</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/our-work/publications" target="_self">Publications</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/our-work/tools-and-toolkits" target="_self">Tools and toolkits</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/our-work/campaigns" target="_self">Campaigns</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/our-work/activities" target="_self">Activities</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/our-work/calls-for-experts" target="_self">Calls for experts</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/our-work/initiative" target="_self">Initiatives</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204039_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="2c4ca27370684bad9a5869f6d67b334f" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/policies" target="_self">Policies</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/policies/european-programme-of-work" target="_self">European Programme of Work</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/policies/One-health" target="_self">One health</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/policies/Sustainable-Development-Goals" target="_self">Sustainable Development Goals</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204039_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="d51e711db3e840279a648a3060d7adef" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/flagship-initiatives" target="_self">Flagship initiatives</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/flagship-initiatives/the-mental-health-coalition" target="_self">The Pan-European Mental Health Coalition</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/flagship-initiatives/empowerment-through-digital-health" target="_self">Empowerment through Digital Health </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/flagship-initiatives/the-european-immunization-agenda-2030" target="_self">The European Immunization Agenda 2030</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/flagship-initiatives/healthier-behaviours-incorporating-behavioural-and-cultural-insights" target="_self">Healthier behaviours: incorporating behavioural and cultural insights</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204039_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="86459c374bea4d029c8bf278d3d3f620" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/core-priorities" target="_self">Core priorities</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/core-priorities/moving-towards-uhc" target="_self">Moving towards UHC</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/core-priorities/protecting-against-health-emergencies" target="_self">Protecting against health emergencies</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/our-work/core-priorities/promoting-health-and-well-being" target="_self">Promoting health and well-being</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204028_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="198f34bc2cfe4974a98f4574fa288071" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/europe/news-room" target="_self">Newsroom</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204028_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204038_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="2e691ba5175341b6a5a7c4d8dd6d0b7f" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom" target="_self">Newsroom</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom/news" target="_self">News stories</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom/media-releases" target="_self">Media releases</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom/statements" target="_self">Statements</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom/feature-stories" target="_self">Feature stories</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom/photo-stories" target="_self">Photo stories</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom/podcasts" target="_self">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom/fact-sheets" target="_self">Fact sheets</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom/questions-and-answers" target="_self">Questions and answers</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/newsroom/media-contacts" target="_self">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204038_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <nav id="e7af23084614413fa985f76ddda6fd7d" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/newsroom/headlines" target="_self">Headlines</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="listView" class="vertical-list"></div> <script type="text/x-kendo-tmpl" id="template"> <div class="vertical-list-item"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/news/item#:ItemDefaultUrl #" aria-label="#: Title #"> <p class="heading">#: Title #</p> </a> <div class="date"> <span class="timestamp">#: FormatedDate #</span> <div class="sf-tags-list"> <div class="sf-tags-list-item">#: NewsType #</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </script> <script> window.onload = function () { var remoteDataSource = new kendo.data.DataSource({ type: "odata-v4", transport: { read: "/api/news/newsitems?sf_provider=newsProvider29&sf_culture=en&$top=3&$orderby=PublicationDateAndTime%20desc&$select=Title,ItemDefaultUrl,FormatedDate,NewsType&$filter=publishingoffices/any(s:s eq 9be40736-df8d-4fb1-a7f8-9ec7c8da7aff)" } }); $("#listView").kendoListView({ dataSource: remoteDataSource, pageable: true, template: kendo.template($("#template").html()), dataBound: function () { this.wrapper.removeClass("k-widget"); this.wrapper.removeClass("k-listview"); } }); }; </script> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204038_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><div><p><a href="/europe/campaigns" data-sf-ec-immutable="" data-sf-marked="">Campaigns</a><br /></p></div><div><p><a href="/europe/news-room/events" data-sf-ec-immutable="" data-sf-marked="">Events</a></p><p><a href="/europe/multi-media">Multimedia</a><br /></p></div><div><p><a href="/europe/news-room/newsletters">Newsletters</a><br /></p></div><div><p><a href="/europe/news-room/spotlight/spotlights">Spotlights</a><br /></p></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204040_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="02366a96995f441d8b306b30ed7c7d78" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/europe/data" target="_self">Data</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204040_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204090_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="cf861c89120447068e4c265903c0ac8e" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/data-at-who-europe" target="_self">Data at WHO/Europe</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/data-at-who-europe/highlights" target="_self">Overview</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/data-at-who-europe/european-health-information-gateway" target="_blank">European Health Information Gateway</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/data-at-who-europe/european-health-reports" target="_blank">European health report</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/data-at-who-europe/core-health-indicators" target="_blank">Core health indicators </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/data-at-who-europe/who-immunization-data-portal" target="_blank">WHO Immunization Data portal</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/data-at-who-europe/noncommunicable-diseases-(ncd)-dashboard" target="_self">Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) dashboard&#160;</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204090_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="73ae8aabf29546cdbdddef8331e6758e" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/highlights" target="_self">Highlights</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/highlights/news" target="_self">News</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/highlights/events" target="_self">Events&#160; </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/highlights/publications" target="_self">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204090_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="6a34fec928e242fa83d91bdc6313ad92" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/about-us" target="_self">About us</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/about-us/teams" target="_self">Teams</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/about-us/data-and-digital-health" target="_self">Data and digital health </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/about-us/policy---governance-f.-health-through-the-life-course" target="_self">Policy &amp; Governance f. Health through the Life Course </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/about-us/groups-and-networks" target="_self">Groups and networks</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/about-us/evipnet" target="_self">EVIPNet</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/data/about-us/hen" target="_self">Health Evidence Network (HEN)</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204090_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><p><a href="/europe/activities/taking-stock-of-the-health-related-sdg-during-covid-19">The European Health Report 2021 &raquo;</a></p><div class="navigation-title"><p><a href="/europe/activities/taking-stock-of-the-health-related-sdg-during-covid-19"><img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/european-health-report-20213e5059b5df9e4db9bf1f411061c6ee23.jpg?sfvrsn=22f43de2_8" alt="european health report 2021" sf-size="194367"></a></p></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA215_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="d5fd88d9ac714ee0b213999ca00ddd17" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/europe/emergencies" target="_self">Emergencies</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA215_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_T35113B64260_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="21a1fa0752d14a4a880b6f83975b8d74" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/focus-on" target="_self">Focus on</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/focus-on/conflict-in-israel-and-the-occupied-palestinian-territory" target="_self">Conflict in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/focus-on/armenian-refugee-health-response" target="_self">Armenian refugee health response</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/focus-on/climate-crisis--extreme-weather" target="_self">Climate crisis: extreme weather</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/focus-on/turkiye-and-syria-earthquakes" target="_self">T&#252;rkiye and Syria earthquakes</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/focus-on/mpox" target="_self">Mpox</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/focus-on/ukraine-emergency" target="_self">Ukraine emergency</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/focus-on/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-pandemic" target="_self">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T35113B64260_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="2e0cd72b01d9485b86c675b8c4b0caee" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/our-work" target="_self">Our work in emergencies</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/our-work/about-health-emergencies" target="_self">About health emergencies</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/our-work/health-emergencies-newsletter" target="_self">Health emergencies newsletter&#160;</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T35113B64260_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="958e596cd0c84a08bd11868ed9ff3fd5" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/health-emergencies-in-the-region" target="_self">Health emergencies in the Region</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/emergencies/health-emergencies-in-the-region/health-emergencies-list" target="_self">Health emergencies list</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T35113B64260_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><p><a href="/europe/emergencies/situations/ukraine-emergency">Ukraine emergency</a></p><p><a href="/europe/emergencies/situations/ukraine-emergency"><img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/emergencies/ukraine-emergency-thumb.jpg?sfvrsn=ab645b5b_7" height="185" width="265" alt="" sf-size="15866"></a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204026_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="bbefba4b6c2b455d93d15abb7420969d" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class="active"><a href="/europe/about-us" target="_self">About us</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204026_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204035_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="3c9e85fd0adb482baad93bbd4dfed94a" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/about-who-europe" target="_self">About WHO Europe</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/about-who-europe/regional-director" target="_self">Regional Director</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/about-who-europe/executive-council" target="_self">Executive Council</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/about-who-europe/organigram" target="_self">Organigram</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/about-who-europe/technical-centres" target="_self">Technical centres</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/about-who-europe/teams" target="_self">Teams</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/about-who-europe/faces-of-who" target="_self">Faces of WHO</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204035_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="f6e013df7e5f413883bf941974f11d0a" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/governance" target="_self">Governance</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/governance/regional-committee-for-europe" target="_self">Regional Committee for Europe</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/governance/standing-committee" target="_self">Standing Committee</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204035_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="cce11d1991bb46e59a82167e2340efab" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/partnerships" target="_self">Partnerships</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/partnerships/partnerships" target="_self">Partnerships</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/partnerships/group-and-networks" target="_self">Groups and networks</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/partnerships/who-collaborating-centres" target="_self">WHO collaborating centres</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204035_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><p><a href="/europe/activities/developing-the-second-european-programme-of-work">Second European Programme of Work</a></p><p><a href="/europe/activities/developing-the-second-european-programme-of-work"><img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/about-us/second-european-programme-of-work.jpg?sfvrsn=ecb9ec95_15" height="218" width="319" alt="logo for the second European Programme of Work, WHO/Europe" sf-size="172372"></a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <!--/noindex--><!--startindex--> <!-- header:off --> <section class="sf-content content" id="content" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div id="PageContent_T08575575001_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Place breadcrumb here"> <!--noindex--><!--stopindex--> <nav id="8a4787d875204e91bba59043a2cf61dd" aria-label="You are here"> <ul class="sf-breadscrumb breadcrumb"> <li><a href="/europe">Home</a><span aria-hidden="true">/</span></li> <li><a href="/europe/about-us/our-work">Our work</a><span aria-hidden="true">/</span></li> <li><a href="/europe/about-us/our-work/core-priorities">Core priorities</a><span aria-hidden="true">/</span></li> <li class="active">Protecting against health emergencies</li> </ul> </nav> <!--/noindex--><!--startindex--> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https://www.who.int/europe","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https://www.who.int/europe/about-us/our-work","name":"Our work"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://www.who.int/europe/about-us/our-work/core-priorities","name":"Core priorities"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"item":{"@id":"https://www.who.int/europe/about-us/our-work/core-priorities/protecting-against-health-emergencies","name":"Protecting against health emergencies"}}],"itemListOrder":"ItemListOrderAscending","@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList"} </script> </div> <div class="hero-image--wrapper hero-image--low-wrapper low has-caption" data-url=""> <div class="inner responsive-background-image low-854053518 bg-center-position"> <img sizes="(max-width: 768px) 200px, (max-width: 1024px) 700px, (max-width: 1366px) 1000px, 1920px" srcset="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/about-us/protecting-emergencies.tmb-768v.jpg?sfvrsn=e9047f44_5 768w, https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/about-us/protecting-emergencies.tmb-1024v.jpg?sfvrsn=e9047f44_5 1024w, https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/about-us/protecting-emergencies.tmb-1366v.jpg?sfvrsn=e9047f44_5 1366w, https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/about-us/protecting-emergencies.tmb-1920v.jpg?sfvrsn=e9047f44_5 1920w" alt="Protecting against &lt;br&gt;health emergencies" /> <div class="sf_colsIn container"> <div class="hero-image--content bg-text-light text-left"> <h1 class="title"><span>Protecting against <br>health emergencies</span></h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-image-credit"> <div class="sf-image-credit__content"> <div class="sf-image-credit__inner"> WHO </div> </div> <div class="sf-image-credit__label"> <span class="sf-image-credit__copyright">&copy;</span> <span class="sf-image-credit__text">Credits </span> <i class="icon plus-icon"></i> </div> </div> <script> var imageCreditClass = document.getElementsByClassName("sf-image-credit"); var preventFunction = function () { event.preventDefault() }; for (var i = 0; i < imageCreditClass.length; i++) { imageCreditClass[i].addEventListener('click', preventFunction);; } </script> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_T08575575002_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Body content"> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C001_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C002_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C003_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-4" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="left-navigation--wrapper accordion" id="48557aa98ead44638099d11018024e37" role="navigation"> <div class="sf-section-navigation"> <h2> <div class="hamburger hamburger--spin js-hamburger"> <div class="hamburger-box"> <div class="hamburger-inner"></div> </div> </div> Section navigation </h2> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="sf-sidebar sidebar"> <div class="sidebar__inner"> <ul class="sf-accordion-list accordion-list accordion-list--siblings"> <li class="sidebar-breadcrumb"> <a href="/europe/about-us/our-work/core-priorities" class="single-node"><i class="fas fa-angle-left" aria-hidden="true"></i>Core priorities</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-current"> Protecting against health emergencies </li> <li> <a href="/europe/about-us/our-work/core-priorities/moving-towards-universal-health-coverage-(uhc)" class="accordion-title accordionTitle">Moving towards universal health coverage (UHC)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/europe/about-us/our-work/core-priorities/promoting-health-and-well-being" class="accordion-title accordionTitle">Promoting health and well-being</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C003_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-8" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><p>The COVID-19 crisis has dominated public conversation as few health issues have done before. The commitment of communities and individuals to the collective response has proved essential. It has confirmed a widespread social consensus on the responsibility of health authorities for ensuring protection against health emergencies. Reliable risk communication has become a strategic responsibility, putting the spotlight of public scrutiny on the science and politics of public health and on the social accountability of public health expertise.</p><p>The COVID-19 crisis has also been &ndash; and still is &ndash; a transformative experience for WHO/Europe. The pandemic has shown the critical importance of acting rapidly and decisively. WHO has had to produce rapid and authoritative situation assessments, collate critical information reliably and credibly, and send out rapid response teams to assist national governments in a short space of time. It is too soon for a full, critical evaluation of the support provided to countries, but there is no doubt that the pandemic has transformed WHO&rsquo;s presence in countries, its deployment of staff, its production of guidance, and its communication with Member States and regional and subregional institutions and clusters of countries. In addition, it has intensified the communication and collaboration between WHO regional offices and United Nations agencies.</p><p>Learning from this experience is relevant for post-COVID-19 crisis recovery and for tackling the public health challenges of its aftermath. It will also guide efforts by WHO/Europe to build capacity to support countries in preventing, detecting and responding to a range of health emergencies as well as to the risks associated with climate change, zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance. WHO/Europe will also work to help ensure that essential health services, such as for noncommunicable diseases; mental health and psychosocial support; immunization; sexual and reproductive health care services; health promotion and disease prevention; and services for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and other communicable diseases reach the people most in need. A systematic and comprehensive review of the management of the COVID-19 crisis is therefore an essential part of the work on protecting against health emergencies. An in-action review is ongoing and will feed into the planned independent global after-action review set up to improve WHO governance. Some lessons have already emerged, including the need for a dual-track response that combines the emergency response with dedicated efforts to maintain continuity of access to care.</p><p>The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the need for preparedness and prompt response, cooperation and solidarity, as well as for clearly defined command-and-control emergency response mechanisms and structures. This proved critical within countries, but also among clusters of countries. Country capacities have to be mobilized, but so do regional and subregional structures, capitalizing on the lessons learnt thus far.</p><p>This leads to a triple agenda:</p><ol><li>Learn lessons: expand the ongoing in-action review of the COVID-19 crisis into a formal review of the Region&rsquo;s response to recent health emergencies</li><li>Support country preparedness and response capacity</li><li>Reinforce regional preparedness and capacity to respond, and produce the public goods required to manage crises</li></ol><p>&nbsp;</p></div> </div> <div class="mdc-card mdc-card--horizontal matching-height--item blue" role="article"> <div class="mdc-card__primary-action "> <a href="/europe/about-us/our-work/european-programme-of-work" class="link" rel="noopener" target="_self"> <div class="mdc-card__media"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/uafbh.jpg?sfvrsn=72dbcaa0_6" title="United Action for Better Health" alt="United Action for Better Health"> </div> <div class="card-media--item"> <div class="card-media-primary"> <div id="9fc8f3364bea40f1b2e19a33a49c6f09" class="item--title">European Programme of Work</div> <div class="item--subtitle"></div> </div> <div class="card-media-secondary"> <div class="item--abstract"> The European Programme of Work (EPW) sets out a vision of how the WHO Regional Office for Europe can support countries in our region better in meeting citizens' expectations about health. It aligns the work of WHO/Europe with the triple billion targets, while supporting countries in their commitments to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being for All. </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="section-heading"> <h2>Related content</h2> </div> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><div class="arrowed-link"><a href="/europe/emergencies/overview">Emergencies</a></div><div class="arrowed-link"><a href="/europe/emergencies/situations/covid-19">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic </a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C004_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> </div> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C005_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C015_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> </div> <div id="PageContent_C015_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- footer:on --> <!--noindex--><!--stopindex--> <footer id="sf-footer"> <div class="main-footer"> <div id="Footer_TD9F2A204001_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Footer_T75121FDA153_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-9" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="06b788222c474788b5346a3f0a9f75c4" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/quick-links" target="_self">Quick links</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/quick-links/newsroom" target="_self">Newsroom</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/quick-links/emergencies" target="_self">Emergencies</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/about-us" target="_self">About us</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/about-us/european-programme-of-work" target="_self">European Programme of Work</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/about-us/publications" target="_self">Publications</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/about-us/campaigns" target="_self">Campaigns</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/help" target="_self">Help</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/help/contact-us" target="_self">Contact us</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/help/careers" target="_blank">Careers</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/help/email-scams" target="_blank">Cyber Security</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/help/privacy" target="_self">Privacy</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Footer_T75121FDA153_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-3 col-md-3 centered-on-mobile" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><div class="button button-dark-background" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/europe/news-room/newsletters/subscribe-to-who-europe-newsletters">Subscribe to our newsletters</a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Footer_T75121FDA199_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sf-footer-logo-container"> <div class="sf-footer-logo"> <div class=""> <a href="https://www.who.int/"> <img src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue1820eae93c154e37b2588ab90fdbc17e.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" class="svg" alt="World Health Organization" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-logo"> <a href="/europe" title="Home"> <img src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/images/logos/en/h-logo-white.svg" alt="Home" class="logo" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="bottom-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/help/privacy">Privacy Legal Notice</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block socialmedia-icons" > <div ><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/WHORegionalOfficeforEurope" title="Follow WHO on Youtube" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 576 512"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 6.0.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z" fill="white"></path> </svg></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/who_europe" title="Follow WHO on Twitter" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 6.0.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z" fill="white"></path> </svg></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/WHOEurope" title="Follow WHO Europe on Facebook" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 320 512"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 6.0.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z" fill="white"></path> </svg></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/whoeurope/" title="Follow WHO on Instagram" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 6.0.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --> <path d="M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z" fill="white"></path> </svg></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 copyright"> <span> 漏 </span> 2025 <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><a href="/europe/redirect-pages/footer/copyright">WHO</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <!--/noindex--><!--startindex--> <!-- footer:off --> </div> <script> window.__define = window.define; window.__require = window.require; window.define = undefined; window.require = undefined; </script> <script src="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.all.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.timezones.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/responsivelylazy.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/gsap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/ScrollTrigger.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/ScrollToPlugin.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/parallax.min.js?package=WHO" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/Frontend-Assembly/Telerik.Sitefinity.Frontend.Search/Mvc/Scripts/SearchBox/Search-box.min.js?package=WHO&amp;v=MjEyNjE2OTM5Mg%3d%3d" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/Frontend-Assembly/Telerik.Sitefinity.Frontend.Navigation/Mvc/Scripts/LanguageSelector/language-selector.min.js?package=WHO&amp;v=MTQuMy44MDMxLjA%3d" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/Mvc/Scripts/ContentBlock/content-block.min.js?package=WHO" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/Mvc/Scripts/HeroImage/responsive-background-image.min.js?package=WHO" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/jquery.sticky.min.js?package=WHO" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/vertical-sticky-navigation.min.js?package=WHO" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="application/json" id="PersonalizationTracker"> {"IsPagePersonalizationTarget":false,"IsUrlPersonalizationTarget":false,"PageId":"c3ec4cac-e488-4eb0-9a7a-944864b2b287"} </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/WebResource.axd?d=Oiw5o8i74rDb2VpVaCaMStPoJ1dBeSniQ1UcN-tajp7S6UQI4QFVCojlg1ewuf339ZIyq0NtnQlSiEw1RQXcWIVwl_-LxzVLlNCkT-5fM3qvVhZCKMRq6X6cWc42Aw4Db6sa87yi7j5Hio4wozQZMklgyIbXX4yGQn_Sh0nCPeRw8nypcGpUIdT0MqtRIOGgRLfw327mU3tc3-bA3UOOd_v176Q1&amp;t=638628734060000000"> </script><input data-sf-role='en' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/europe/about-us/our-work/core-priorities/protecting-against-health-emergencies'><input data-sf-role='fr' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/europe/fr/about-us/our-work/core-priorities/protecting-against-health-emergencies'><input data-sf-role='ru' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/europe/ru/about-us/our-work/core-priorities/protecting-against-health-emergencies'><input data-sf-role='de' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/europe/de/about-us/our-work/core-priorities/protecting-against-health-emergencies'> <!-- js to scrape:on --> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/slicknav.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/auto-complete.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/match-height.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/lazy.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/modernizr-custom.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/select2.full.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/accordion-footer-list.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/main.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/main-navigation.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script><script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/geo-navigation.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <!-- js to scrape:off --> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/image-resolution.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "WebPage", "name": "Protecting against health emergencies", "description": "" } </script> <script> // Picture element HTML5 shiv document.createElement("picture"); </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/picturefill.min.js?v=14.0.7729.16372'></script> <script> window.define = window.__define; window.require = window.__require; window.__define = undefined; window.__require = undefined; </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10