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type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" 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artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Estland" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Estland" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Estland" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Estland" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bestuurlijke_indeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bestuurlijke_indeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bestuurlijke indeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bestuurlijke_indeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bevolking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bevolking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bevolking</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bevolking-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Bevolking-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bevolking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russisch_sprekende_minderheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russisch_sprekende_minderheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Russisch sprekende minderheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russisch_sprekende_minderheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Aids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Cultuur-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Muziek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muziek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Muziek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muziek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feestdagen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feestdagen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Feestdagen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feestdagen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digitale_maatschappij" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digitale_maatschappij"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Digitale maatschappij</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digitale_maatschappij-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiek_en_bestuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiek_en_bestuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Politiek en bestuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politiek_en_bestuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milieu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milieu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Milieu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milieu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Estland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 289 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-289" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">289 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Естониа – Abchazisch" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Естониа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88stonia" title="Èstonia – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Èstonia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Эстоние – Adygees" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Эстоние" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Zuid-Altaïsch" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Zuid-Altaïsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B6%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ኤስቶኒያ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤስቶኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92stland" title="Ēstland – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ēstland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esit%E1%BB%8Dnia" title="Esitọnia – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Esitọnia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إستونيا – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إستونيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܐܣܛܘܢܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܣܛܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إسطونيا – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسطونيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="استونيا – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استونيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestia" title="Eestia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Eestia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istu%C3%B1a" title="Istuña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Istuña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ایستونی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایستونی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Estėjė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Estėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Эстонія – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эстонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Эстонія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эстонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88stlan" title="Èstlan – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èstlan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Естония – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Естония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्टोनिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="এস্তোনিয়া – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এস্তোনিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨིསུ་ཊོ་ནིཡ། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨིསུ་ཊོ་ནིཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="এস্তোনিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="এস্তোনিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Estonija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A1%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%99%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%AF" title="ᎡᏍᏙᏂᏯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎡᏍᏙᏂᏯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئیستۆنیا – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیستۆنیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonsko" title="Estonsko – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Estonsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni%C3%B4" title="Estoniô – Kasjoebisch" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Estoniô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kasjoebisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Єсть – Kerkslavisch" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єсть" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslavisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estniska" title="Estniska – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Estniska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्टोनिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B" title="ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Εσθονία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσθονία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2gna" title="Estògna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Estògna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonio" title="Estonio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Estonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti" title="Eesti – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eesti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esto%C3%B1a" title="Estoña – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estoña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="استونی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viro" title="Viro – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viro" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti" title="Eesti – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Eesti" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Estonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88stonia" title="Èstonia – Arpitaans" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èstonia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestlun" title="Eestlun – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eestlun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Estonie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estl%C3%A2n" title="Estlân – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Estlân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_East%C3%B3in" title="An Eastóin – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eastóin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Gagaoezisch" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagaoezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni" title="Estoni – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Estoni" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%C3%B2inia" title="Eastòinia – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eastòinia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%B3%C3%B1a" title="Etóña – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Etóña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया – Goa Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothisch" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="ઈસ્ટોનિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈસ્ટોનિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Estaan" title="Yn Estaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Estaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoniya" title="Istoniya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Istoniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBEsetonia" title="ʻEsetonia – Hawaïaans" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻEsetonia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaïaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="אסטוניה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Estonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estiska" title="Estiska – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Estiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni" title="Estoni – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Estoni" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89sztorsz%C3%A1g" title="Észtország – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észtország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Էստոնիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էստոնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Էսթոնիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Էսթոնիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Эстиче – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эстиче" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eistland" title="Eistland – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eistland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="エストニア – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エストニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuonia" title="Estuonia – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Estuonia" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/estis" title="estis – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="estis" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88stlan" title="Èstlan – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èstlan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ესტონეთი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესტონეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%E1%B9%ADunya" title="Isṭunya – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Isṭunya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Эстониэ – Kabardisch" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Эстониэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90s%C9%A9toonii" title="Ɛsɩtoonii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsɩtoonii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni" title="Estoni – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Estoni" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="អេស្តូនី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អេស្តូនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಎಸ್ಟೊನಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಸ್ಟೊನಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="에스토니아 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스토니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Эстму – Komi-Permjaaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Эстму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni" title="Estoni – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Estoni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esti" title="Esti – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esti" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Luganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Luganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esland" title="Esland – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Esland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດແອັດສະໂຕນີ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດແອັດສະໂຕນີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estija" title="Estija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Estija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igauneja" title="Igauneja – Letgaals" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Igauneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Letgaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igaunija" title="Igaunija – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Igaunija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Madoerees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madoerees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्टोनिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Эсти мастор – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эсти мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B4nia" title="Estônia – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Estônia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эстоний – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эстоний" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etonia" title="Etonia – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Etonia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Естонија – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Естонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="എസ്റ്റോണിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്റ്റോണിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони – West-Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="West-Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonja" title="Estonja – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Estonja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3nia" title="Stónia – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Stónia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Эстэнь Мастор – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эстэнь Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="استونی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استونی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Napolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestland" title="Eestland – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eestland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlaand" title="Estlaand – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Estlaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्टोनिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonnie" title="Estonnie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Estonnie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak%C3%A1z%C3%ADtah_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Hakázítah Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Hakázítah Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estounii" title="Estounii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Estounii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istooniyaa" title="Istooniyaa – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Istooniyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଏସ୍ତୋନିଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଏସ୍ତୋନିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эстони – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эстони" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89stonie" title="Éstonie – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Éstonie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschdooni" title="Eschdooni – Pennsylvania-Duits" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Eschdooni" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania-Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="استونیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="استونیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Εσθονία – Pontisch" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Εσθονία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اېستونيا – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېستونيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3nia" title="Estónia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estónia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istunya" title="Istunya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Istunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Estonie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Естонія – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Естонія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esitoniya" title="Esitoniya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Esitoniya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनिया – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एस्टोनिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Estonie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اسٽونيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسٽونيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estteeana" title="Estteeana – Noord-Samisch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Estteeana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston%C3%AFi" title="Estonïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Estonïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Estonija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADunya" title="Iṣṭunya – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iṣṭunya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢႄႇသတူဝ်းၼီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢႄႇသတူဝ်းၼီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="එස්ටෝනියාව – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එස්ටෝනියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3nsko" title="Estónsko – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Estónsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Estonija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esitonia" title="Esitonia – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Esitonia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestieenn%C3%A2m" title="Eestieennâm – Inari-Samisch" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eestieennâm" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Естонија – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Естонија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlenikondre" title="Estlenikondre – Sranantongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Estlenikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranantongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWestoniya" title="IWestoniya – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IWestoniya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Zuid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Zuid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlound" title="Estlound – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Estlound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89stonia" title="Éstonia – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Éstonia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C5%AF%C5%84ijo" title="Estůńijo – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Estůńijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="எசுத்தோனியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுத்தோனியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="ఎస్టోనియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎస్టోనియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3nia" title="Estónia – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Estónia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศเอสโตเนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเอสโตเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni%C3%BDa" title="Estoniýa – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Estoniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonij%C9%99" title="Estonijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Estonijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBEsit%C5%8Dnia" title="ʻEsitōnia – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻEsitōnia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etoni" title="Etoni – Tahitiaans" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Etoni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эстония" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئېستونىيە – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېستونىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Естонія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Естонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="استونیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استونیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Estònia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estinma" title="Estinma – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Estinma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lestiy%C3%A4n" title="Lestiyän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lestiyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoneye" title="Estoneye – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Estoneye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estonya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estooni" title="Estooni – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Estooni" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="愛沙尼亞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Estoniya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ესტონეთი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესტონეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="עסטלאנד – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עסטלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3n%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Estóníà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Estóníà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" title="Estland – Zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Estland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵉⵙⵜⵓⵏⵢⴰ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵜⵓⵏⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱沙尼亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="愛沙尼亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Estonia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="愛沙尼亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Estoniya" title="I-Estoniya – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Estoniya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estland"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Estland" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Estland" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&oldid=68017073" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Estland&id=68017073&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstland"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstland"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Estland"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Estland&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eesti" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Atlas_van_Europa/Estland" hreflang="nl"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikinews.org/wiki/Categorie:Estland" hreflang="nl"><span>Wikinieuws</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Estland" hreflang="nl"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="tpl_Coordinaten"><span class="plainlinks" title="Klik op de coördinaten om een plattegrond of satellietfoto te bekijken" style="font-size:87%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coördinaten"><img alt="Coördinaten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/23px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/35px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/46px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=58_42_0_N_25_31_0_E_type:country_region:EE&pagename=Estland">58° 42′ NB, 25° 31′ OL</a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie_artikel" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Estland_(gebied)" title="Estland (gebied)">Estland (gebied)</a> voor het historische gebied.</i> </div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Eesti Vabariik </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:auto 50%; align-items:center; text-align:center;"> <div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/123px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="123" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/185px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/246px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/95px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/143px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/190px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div><small>(<a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Estland" title="Vlag van Estland">Details</a>)</small></div> <div><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wapen_van_Estland" title="Wapen van Estland">Details</a>)</small></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:EU-Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaart"><img alt="Kaart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/EU-Estonia.svg/266px-EU-Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/EU-Estonia.svg/399px-EU-Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/EU-Estonia.svg/532px-EU-Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Basisgegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Offici%C3%ABle_taal" title="Officiële taal">Officiële taal</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Estisch" title="Estisch">Estisch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad">Hoofdstad</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Regeringsvorm" title="Regeringsvorm">Regeringsvorm</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">Republiek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Staatsvorm" title="Staatsvorm">Staatsvorm</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Parlementaire_republiek" title="Parlementaire republiek">Parlementaire republiek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Staatshoofd" title="Staatshoofd">Staatshoofd</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Regeringsleider" title="Regeringsleider">Regeringsleider</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_Michal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen Michal (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kristen Michal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Religie" title="Religie">Religie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">Protestant</a> (16%)<br /><a href="/wiki/Russisch-Orthodoxe_Kerk" title="Russisch-Orthodoxe Kerk">Russisch-orthodox</a> (14%) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_landen_naar_oppervlakte" title="Lijst van landen naar oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a> </th> <td colspan="2">45.339 km²<sup id="cite_ref-oppervlakte_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oppervlakte-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (4,6% water) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_landen_naar_inwonertal" title="Lijst van landen naar inwonertal">Inwoners</a> </th> <td colspan="2">1.294.455 (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 1.228.624 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-schatting_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schatting-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span style="display: none;" class="sortkey">0000027099 </span><span class="sorttext">27,1/km² <small>(2020)</small></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bijvoeglijk_naamwoord" title="Bijvoeglijk naamwoord">Bijv. naamwoord</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Ests/Estlands/Estisch </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Inwonersnaam" title="Inwonersnaam">Inwoneraanduiding</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Est/Estlander (m./v.)<br />Estse/Estlandse (v.) </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Overige </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Volkslied_(nationaal_symbool)" title="Volkslied (nationaal symbool)">Volkslied</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="50" style="width:50px;" data-durationhint="32" data-mwtitle="US_Navy_band_-_National_anthem_of_Estonia.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/US_Navy_band_-_National_anthem_of_Estonia.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/US_Navy_band_-_National_anthem_of_Estonia.ogg/US_Navy_band_-_National_anthem_of_Estonia.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track 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data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">Munteenheid</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> <code>(<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</code> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" title="UTC+2">+2</a> (zomer: <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" title="UTC+3">+3</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nationale_feestdag" title="Nationale feestdag">Nationale feestdag</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/24_februari" title="24 februari">24 februari</a><br /> <small>Onafhankelijkheidsdag</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Topleveldomein" title="Topleveldomein">Web</a> | <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">Code</a> | <a href="/wiki/Landnummer" class="mw-redirect" title="Landnummer">Tel.</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/.ee" title=".ee">.ee</a> | EST | 372 </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Voorgaande staten </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span></span> <table style="width:100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr class="vatop"> <td class="ta-left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sovjet-Unie"><img alt="Sovjet-Unie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a> <br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Estische Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek"><img alt="Estische Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Estische_Socialistische_Sovjetrepubliek" title="Estische Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek">Estische Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek</a></td> <td class="ta-left"><b>1991</b> (val Sovjet-Unie) </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Detailkaart </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Un-estonia.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaart van Estland"><img alt="Kaart van Estland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Un-estonia.png/266px-Un-estonia.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Un-estonia.png/399px-Un-estonia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Un-estonia.png/532px-Un-estonia.png 2x" data-file-width="3038" data-file-height="2258" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Estland" class="mw-redirect" title="Portaal:Estland">Estland</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <div style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalpictogram"><img alt="Portaalpictogram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/Portaal:Landen_%26_Volken" title="Portaal:Landen & Volken">Landen & Volken</a></b></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Rakvere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rakvere.jpg/260px-Rakvere.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rakvere.jpg/390px-Rakvere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rakvere.jpg/520px-Rakvere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>Rakvere, Noord-Estland. Oorspronkelijk Wesenberg, <a href="/wiki/Kasteel_Rakvere" title="Kasteel Rakvere">burcht van de Duitse Orde</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Estland</b> (<a href="/wiki/Estisch" title="Estisch">Estisch</a>: <i>Eesti</i>), officieel de <b>Republiek Estland</b> (<i>Eesti Vabariik</i>), is een land in Noordoost-<a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a>, dat in het westen wordt begrensd door de <a href="/wiki/Oostzee" title="Oostzee">Oostzee</a>, in het noorden door de <a href="/wiki/Finse_Golf" title="Finse Golf">Finse Golf</a>, in het oosten door <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> en in het zuiden door <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a>. Het is het noordelijkste en kleinste van de drie <a href="/wiki/Baltische_landen" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltische landen">Baltische landen</a>, en het onderscheidt zich van de andere Baltische landen <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen">Litouwen</a> door onder andere de taal, die <a href="/wiki/Finoegrische_talen" class="mw-redirect" title="Finoegrische talen">Finoegrisch</a> is en niet <a href="/wiki/Baltische_talen" title="Baltische talen">Baltisch</a>. De hoofdstad van Estland is <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>. Op 1 januari 2011 werd de <a href="/wiki/Estische_kroon" title="Estische kroon">Estische kroon</a> vervangen door de <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>. Estland is lid van de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">EU</a> en lid van de <a href="/wiki/Noord-Atlantische_Verdragsorganisatie" title="Noord-Atlantische Verdragsorganisatie">NAVO</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Estland" title="Geschiedenis van Estland">Geschiedenis van Estland</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Vanaf de 8e eeuw werden de Estlandse kusten bezocht door <a href="/wiki/Vikingen" title="Vikingen">Vikingen</a>, zowel voor plundertochten als handelsmissies.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1202 werd Estland bezit van de <a href="/wiki/Orde_van_de_Zwaardbroeders" title="Orde van de Zwaardbroeders">Zwaardbroeders</a>, een aan de <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Orde" title="Duitse Orde">Duitse Orde</a> verwante geestelijke ridderschap, die de heidense bevolking met geweld kerstende (<a href="/wiki/Noordelijke_Kruistochten" title="Noordelijke Kruistochten">Noordelijke Kruistochten</a>). Het zuidelijk deel bleef met het huidige Letland onder gezag van de Orde, maar het noordelijk deel kwam in 1224 onder de <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Denemarken" title="Geschiedenis van Denemarken">Deense</a> koning, <a href="/wiki/Waldemar_II_van_Denemarken" title="Waldemar II van Denemarken">Waldemar II van Denemarken</a>, en ging in 1346 over aan de Orde (<a href="/wiki/Waldemar_IV_van_Denemarken" title="Waldemar IV van Denemarken">Waldemar IV van Denemarken</a> verkoopt het <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Estland_(1220-1346)" title="Hertogdom Estland (1220-1346)">hertogdom Estland</a>). Inmiddels waren naast de hoofdstad Reval (nu <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>) een tiental burchten en daarbij kleine steden gesticht, van waaruit het land militair en economisch werd beheerst. De steden behoorden tot het Verbond van de <a href="/wiki/Hanze" title="Hanze">Hanze</a> en werden bevolkt door een burgerij die oorspronkelijk afkomstig was uit het noorden van het <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Roomse_Rijk" title="Heilige Roomse Rijk">Rooms-Duitse Rijk</a>. Na de <a href="/wiki/Reformatie" title="Reformatie">Reformatie</a> ontwikkelde de ridderschap zich tot een kaste van grootgrondbezitters die negen tiende van het landoppervlak bezat. De stedelijke burgerij bleef <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a> van cultuur en luthers wat haar godsdienst betreft. De culturele invloed van Rusland was sinds de 19de eeuw ook groot. </p><p>Na de invoering van de <a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" title="Lutheranisme">lutherse</a> <a href="/wiki/Reformatie" title="Reformatie">reformatie</a> werd de 'Ordensstaat' <a href="/wiki/Secularisering" title="Secularisering">geseculariseerd</a>. Dit veroorzaakte een zodanige verzwakking dat in 1561 het noordelijk deel van Estland (<a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Estland_(1561-1721)" title="Hertogdom Estland (1561-1721)">hertogdom Estland (1561-1721)</a>) onder de Zweedse, en het zuidelijk deel, samen met het huidige Letland, onder de <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Polen_(1385-1569)" title="Koninkrijk Polen (1385-1569)">Poolse</a> koning kwam. Dat veranderde de interne verhoudingen weinig. De pogingen tot rekatholicering door Polen boekten nauwelijks resultaat. In 1621 moest het verzwakte Polen zijn deel afstaan aan Zweden en waren het huidige Estland en Letland een Zweedse provincie geworden. Na de <a href="/wiki/Grote_Noordse_Oorlog" title="Grote Noordse Oorlog">Grote Noordse Oorlog</a> veroverde <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> het gebied in 1721. De Duitstalige elite (<a href="/wiki/Baltische_Duitsers" title="Baltische Duitsers">Baltische Duitsers</a> of ‘Deutschbalten’) bleef echter haar machtspositie behouden tot aan het einde van de <a href="/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw">19e eeuw</a>. Zij bestuurde de Russische provincie Estland, het noorden van het huidige Estland, als een autonome provincie, en dat was ook het geval met de provincie Lijfland, waarvan het noordelijk deel sinds 1918 ook tot het huidige Estland behoort, en het zuidelijk deel tot het huidige Letland. In deze twee provincies bekleedden de Baltische Duitsers als dienaren van de tsaar hoge functies in bestuur en leger, terwijl de Esten lijfeigenste boeren waren en in de steden de onderklasse vormden. In de laatste decennia van de 19de eeuw ontwikkelde zich langzaam een nationaal-Estische burgerij naast die van de Duitse Balten. De aanstoot daartoe werd gegeven vanuit de kring van lutherse theologen en predikanten, zelf als regel Baltische Duitsers. De Esten versterkten daarmee hun nationale bewustwording zonder die met de kerk te verbinden. Immers, voor hen was de lutherse kerk een onderdrukkend machtsinstrument in handen van de Duits-Baltische <i>Ritterschaft</i>, die de ontwikkeling van een Estische en lutherse kerk blokkeerde, zodat enkele tienduizenden Esten zich uiteindelijk tot de Russische orthodoxie lieten bekeren, nadat het Tsarenregime hen daarvoor rechtspositionele en materiële voordelen toezegde. De emancipatie van de Esten en van de Estische taal kwam pas vanaf 1860 van de grond onder invloed van het moderne <a href="/wiki/Nationalisme" title="Nationalisme">nationalisme</a>. Tot 1918 werd deze emancipatie onderdrukt door de russificeringspolitiek. Na 1918 werd Estisch de nationale taal. Na 1944 bleef dat pro forma ook het geval, maar het Russisch nam in feite de rol van dominante taal over. </p><p>Estland is pas vanaf 1918 een zelfstandige staat. Het onafhankelijke Estland werd in 1940 door Sovjet-troepen en daarna in 1941 door Duitse troepen bezet. Daaraan voorafgaand werden vrijwel alle <a href="/wiki/Baltische_Duitsers" title="Baltische Duitsers">Baltische Duitsers</a> en daarna ook nog de Zweden geëmigreerd. Talrijke Esten traden als vrijwilliger toe tot Estische eenheden van de <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> om zo aan de zijde van Duitsland, de onafhankelijkheid van hun land tegen de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a> te bevechten. Na verdrijving van de Duitse troepen werd Estland eind 1944 opnieuw door de Sovjet-Unie ingelijfd. Enkele honderdduizenden Esten vluchtten naar het westen en soortgelijke aantallen Esten werden in strafkampen geïnterneerd. Een groot deel van hen kwam nooit terug uit deze kampen en hun plaatsen werden ingenomen door Russen die uiteindelijk meer dan een derde deel van de bevolking gingen vormen; in de steden liep dat op tot de helft. De Sovjetrepubliek Estland herkreeg in 1991 zijn onafhankelijkheid als soevereine democratische republiek. </p><p>Estland is op 1 mei 2004 toegetreden tot de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> en werd op 9 december 2010 lid van de <a href="/wiki/OESO" class="mw-redirect" title="OESO">OESO</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estland heeft in totaal 561 kilometer aan landsgrenzen. De kustlijn meet 3794 km. Er zijn drie grote rivieren: de <a href="/wiki/Emaj%C3%B5gi" title="Emajõgi">Emajõgi</a>, de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu_(rivier)" title="Pärnu (rivier)">Pärnu</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Narva_(rivier)" title="Narva (rivier)">Narva</a>. Alleen de <a href="/wiki/Emaj%C3%B5gi" title="Emajõgi">Emajõgi</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Narva_(rivier)" title="Narva (rivier)">Narva</a> worden bevaren. </p><p>Estland is een overwegend vlak land, waarvan de noordkust op veel plaatsen steil uit zee oprijst. Het vlakke land gaat in het zuidoosten over in heuvelland. Hier ligt dan ook het hoogste punt van Estland, <i><a href="/wiki/Suur_Munam%C3%A4gi" title="Suur Munamägi">Suur Munamägi</a></i> (Grote Eierberg, 318 m), die vergelijkbaar is met het hoogste punt van <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a>. De oostgrens met <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> wordt grotendeels gevormd door het <a href="/wiki/Peipusmeer" title="Peipusmeer">Peipusmeer</a> (3555 km²) en het <a href="/wiki/Meer_van_Pskov" title="Meer van Pskov">Meer van Pskov</a>, en noordelijker door de rivier de <a href="/wiki/Narva_(rivier)" title="Narva (rivier)">Narva</a>. Alleen in het zuiden heeft Estland geen natuurlijke grens. </p><p>Westelijk en noordelijk van Estland liggen honderden eilanden, waarvan het overgrote deel onbewoond is en waarvan sommige door de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a> als militair terrein zijn gebruikt. De grootste eilanden zijn <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa_(eiland)" title="Saaremaa (eiland)">Saaremaa</a> en het dichtbeboste <a href="/wiki/Hiiumaa" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiumaa</a>, beide met een herkenbaar eigen karakter. Deze beide eilanden vormen eigen provincies. Kleinere bewoonde eilanden zijn <a href="/wiki/Muhu_(eiland)" title="Muhu (eiland)">Muhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vormsi" title="Vormsi">Vormsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vilsandi" title="Vilsandi">Vilsandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abruka_(eiland)" title="Abruka (eiland)">Abruka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kihnu" title="Kihnu">Kihnu</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ruhnu" title="Ruhnu">Ruhnu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bestuurlijke_indeling">Bestuurlijke indeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bestuurlijke indeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bestuurlijke indeling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Bestuurlijke_indeling_van_Estland" title="Bestuurlijke indeling van Estland">Bestuurlijke indeling van Estland</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie ook: <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_steden_in_Estland" title="Lijst van steden in Estland">Lijst van steden in Estland</a></i></div> <p>Het land is onderverdeeld in vijftien provincies (<i>maakond</i>, meervoud: <i>maakonnad</i>); deze hebben echter geen afzonderlijk verkozen noch administratief bestuur omdat ze sinds een hervormingswet van 2017 geen bevoegdheden meer hebben. Er zijn sinds 2017 64 landgemeenten (<i>vald</i>) en 15 steden (<i>linn</i>) met bestuurlijke bevoegdheden en een verkozen bestuur. </p><p>De grootste steden in Estland zijn achtereenvolgens <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> (434.562 inw.), <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> (93.865), <a href="/wiki/Narva_(Estland)" title="Narva (Estland)">Narva</a> (55.249), <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> (39.438) en <a href="/wiki/Kohtla-J%C3%A4rve" title="Kohtla-Järve">Kohtla-Järve</a> (33.743; inwonertallen per 2019). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bevolking">Bevolking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bevolking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bevolking"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Esten" title="Esten">Esten</a> vormen met 69,1% de meerderheid van de bevolking. Daarnaast bevindt zich er een grote <a href="/wiki/Russen_(volk)" title="Russen (volk)">Russische</a> minderheid (23,7%) en kleinere minderheden van <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFners" title="Oekraïners">Oekraïners</a> (2,1%), <a href="/wiki/Wit-Russen" title="Wit-Russen">Wit-Russen</a> (0,9%) en <a href="/wiki/Finnen" title="Finnen">Finnen</a> (0,6%). Ongeveer 47% van de inwoners van de hoofdstad Tallinn bestaat uit niet-Esten. In het, tijdens het Sovjet-regime geïndustrialiseerde noordoosten van het land, rondom de stad Narva, vormen Russen een zeer grote meerderheid van de bevolking. Van de Russen bezit twee derde deel overigens wel een Estisch paspoort. Daarnaast zijn er nog kleine restanten van de <a href="/wiki/Estlandzweden" title="Estlandzweden">Estlandzweden</a> (±300), wier voorouders zich in de 14de eeuw als vissers aan de Estische kusten vestigden, en van de Baltische Duitsers die vanaf de 13de eeuw tot aan het einde van de 19de eeuw het land domineerden. Duitse en Zweedse Balten verlieten tussen 1939 en 1945 het land. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> <b>Bevolking van Estland naar etnische herkomst 1922-2006</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th rowspan="2">Etnische<br />herkomst </th> <th colspan="2">1922<sup>1</sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1934<sup>1</sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1959<sup>1</sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1970<sup>1</sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1979<sup>1</sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1989<sup>1</sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2000<sup>2</sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2006<sup>2</sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup>3</sup> </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th>Aantal </th> <th>% </th> <th>Aantal </th> <th>% </th> <th>Aantal </th> <th>% </th> <th>Aantal </th> <th>% </th> <th>Aantal </th> <th>% </th> <th>Aantal </th> <th>% </th> <th>Aantal </th> <th>% </th> <th>Aantal </th> <th>% </th> <th>Aantal </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esten" title="Esten">Esten</a> </td> <td align="right">969.976 </td> <td align="right">87,6 </td> <td align="right">992.520 </td> <td align="right">88,1 </td> <td align="right">892.653 </td> <td align="right">74,6 </td> <td align="right">925.157 </td> <td align="right">68,2 </td> <td align="right">947.812 </td> <td align="right">64,7 </td> <td align="right">963.281 </td> <td align="right">61,5 </td> <td align="right">935.884 </td> <td align="right">68,2 </td> <td align="right">921.908 </td> <td align="right">68,6 </td> <td align="right">919.711 </td> <td align="right">69,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russen_(volk)" title="Russen (volk)">Russen</a> </td> <td align="right">91.109 </td> <td align="right">8,2 </td> <td align="right">92.656 </td> <td align="right">8,2 </td> <td align="right">240.227 </td> <td align="right">20,1 </td> <td align="right">334.620 </td> <td align="right">24,7 </td> <td align="right">408.778 </td> <td align="right">27,9 </td> <td align="right">474.834 </td> <td align="right">30,3 </td> <td align="right">354.660 </td> <td align="right">25,8 </td> <td align="right">345.168 </td> <td align="right">25,7 </td> <td align="right">315.252 </td> <td align="right">23,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFners" title="Oekraïners">Oekraïners</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">— </td> <td align="right">92 </td> <td align="right">0,0 </td> <td align="right">15.769 </td> <td align="right">1,3 </td> <td align="right">28.086 </td> <td align="right">2,1 </td> <td align="right">36.044 </td> <td align="right">2,5 </td> <td align="right">48.271 </td> <td align="right">3,1 </td> <td align="right">29.259 </td> <td align="right">2,1 </td> <td align="right">28.321 </td> <td align="right">2,1 </td> <td align="right">27.828 </td> <td align="right">2,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wit-Russen" title="Wit-Russen">Wit-Russen</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">— </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">— </td> <td align="right">10.930 </td> <td align="right">0,9 </td> <td align="right">18.732 </td> <td align="right">1,4 </td> <td align="right">23.461 </td> <td align="right">1,6 </td> <td align="right">27.711 </td> <td align="right">1,8 </td> <td align="right">17.460 </td> <td align="right">1,3 </td> <td align="right">16.316 </td> <td align="right">1,2 </td> <td align="right">11.606 </td> <td align="right">0,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnen" title="Finnen">Finnen</a> </td> <td align="right">401 </td> <td align="right">0,0 </td> <td align="right">1.088 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td> <td align="right">16.699 </td> <td align="right">1,4 </td> <td align="right">18.537 </td> <td align="right">1,4 </td> <td align="right">17.753 </td> <td align="right">1,2 </td> <td align="right">16.622 </td> <td align="right">1,1 </td> <td align="right">11.974 </td> <td align="right">0,9 </td> <td align="right">11.163 </td> <td align="right">0,8 </td> <td align="right">8.543 </td> <td align="right">0,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolga-Tataren" title="Wolga-Tataren">Wolga-Tataren</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">— </td> <td align="right">166 </td> <td align="right">0,0 </td> <td align="right">1.534 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td> <td align="right">2.204 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">3.195 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">4.058 </td> <td align="right">0,3 </td> <td align="right">2.610 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.500 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">1.938 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Letten" title="Letten">Letten</a> </td> <td align="right">1.966 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">5.435 </td> <td align="right">0,5 </td> <td align="right">2.888 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">3.286 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">3.963 </td> <td align="right">0,3 </td> <td align="right">3.135 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.345 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.230 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">3.827 </td> <td align="right">0,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polen_(volk)" title="Polen (volk)">Polen</a> </td> <td align="right">969 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td> <td align="right">1.608 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td> <td align="right">2.256 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.651 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.897 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">3.008 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.212 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.097 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">1.845 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joden" title="Joden">Joden</a> </td> <td align="right">4.566 </td> <td align="right">0,4 </td> <td align="right">4.434 </td> <td align="right">0,4 </td> <td align="right">5.433 </td> <td align="right">0,5 </td> <td align="right">5.282 </td> <td align="right">0,4 </td> <td align="right">4.954 </td> <td align="right">0,3 </td> <td align="right">4.613 </td> <td align="right">0,3 </td> <td align="right">2.178 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">1.939 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td> <td align="right">1.852 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Litouwers" title="Litouwers">Litouwers</a> </td> <td align="right">436 </td> <td align="right">0,0 </td> <td align="right">253 </td> <td align="right">0,0 </td> <td align="right">1.616 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td> <td align="right">2.356 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.379 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.568 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.131 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.097 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">2.097 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duitsers" title="Duitsers">Duitsers</a> </td> <td align="right">18.319 </td> <td align="right">1,7 </td> <td align="right">16.346 </td> <td align="right">1,5 </td> <td align="right">670 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td> <td align="right">7.850 </td> <td align="right">0,6 </td> <td align="right">3.944 </td> <td align="right">0,3 </td> <td align="right">3.466 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td> <td align="right">1.878 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td> <td align="right">1.895 </td> <td align="right">0,1 </td> <td align="right">2.701 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zweden_(volk)" title="Zweden (volk)">Zweden</a> </td> <td align="right">7.850 </td> <td align="right">0,7 </td> <td align="right">7.641 </td> <td align="right">0,7 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">— </td> <td align="right">435 </td> <td align="right">0,0 </td> <td align="right">254 </td> <td align="right">0,0 </td> <td align="right">297 </td> <td align="right">0,0 </td> <td align="right">300 </td> <td align="right">0,0 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">— </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andere </td> <td align="right">11.467 </td> <td align="right">1,0 </td> <td align="right">4.266 </td> <td align="right">0,4 </td> <td align="right">6.116 </td> <td align="right">0,5 </td> <td align="right">6.883 </td> <td align="right">0,5 </td> <td align="right">9.042 </td> <td align="right">0,6 </td> <td align="right">13.798 </td> <td align="right">0,9 </td> <td align="right">9.480 </td> <td align="right">0,7 </td> <td align="right">9.068 </td> <td align="right">0,7 </td> <td align="right">34.624 </td> <td align="right">2,6 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th align="left">Totaal </th> <th colspan="2">1.107.059 </th> <th colspan="2">1.126.413 </th> <th colspan="2">1.196.791 </th> <th colspan="2">1.356.079 </th> <th colspan="2">1.464.476 </th> <th colspan="2">1.565.662 </th> <th colspan="2">1.372.071 </th> <th colspan="2">1.344.684 </th> <th colspan="2">1.331.824 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russisch_sprekende_minderheid">Russisch sprekende minderheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Russisch sprekende minderheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Russisch sprekende minderheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Net als in <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a> bevindt zich in Estland, grotendeels ten gevolge van een vanuit <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> gestimuleerde immigratie ten tijde van de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a>, een omvangrijke <a href="/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch">Russischtalige</a> minderheid. Deze kwam vrijwillig naar het gebied vanwege de iets hogere lonen en omdat er meer te koop was dan in de rest van de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a>. Ook hadden ze veel privileges. De Estische taal werd ten tijde van de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a> sterk ontmoedigd; iedereen werd geacht Russisch te spreken, waardoor Estische inwoners zich tweederangs burgers voelden. Tussen 1959 en 1989 steeg het percentage Russen van 22% naar 35%. De Russisch sprekende minderheid is geconcentreerd in de hoofdstad <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> (34% van de bevolking van 438.000 inwoners) en in enkele industriesteden in Noordoost-Estland, waarvan <a href="/wiki/Narva_(Estland)" title="Narva (Estland)">Narva</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kohtla-J%C3%A4rve" title="Kohtla-Järve">Kohtla-Järve</a> de belangrijkste zijn. In deze steden is 87, resp. 74% van de bevolking Russischsprekend. In de tweede stad van het land, <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> (bevolking tot voor kort 114.000, nu iets meer dan 95.000), woont maar een kleine Russischsprekende minderheid (13%). Veel Russen bleven vanwege de betere sociale voorzieningen in Estland. </p><p>Volgens het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estische_Ministerie_van_Bevolkingszaken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estische Ministerie van Bevolkingszaken (de pagina bestaat niet)">Estische Ministerie van Bevolkingszaken</a> waren in december 2005 136.533 inwoners (ongeveer 10%) van Estland geen Estisch staatsburger, en zij vormen een derde deel van de Russischtalige minderheid.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Een van de belangrijkste voorwaarden voor het verkrijgen van de Estische nationaliteit is de Estische taal te spreken of een taalexamen af te leggen. De Russische minderheid en kleinere minderheden van Wit-Russen, Oekraïners en Finnen, worden dus geacht de Estische taal te leren. Voor het verkrijgen van een beroep in Estland is de Estische taal vereist in verschillende gradiënten; voor sommige beroepen, zoals arts, is veel Estische taalkennis vereist, voor andere beroepen als productiewerk is een beperkte Estische woordenschat voldoende. Veel fabrieken waar de Russen werkten zijn echter failliet gegaan en er heerst daardoor hoge werkloosheid onder deze bevolkingsgroep. In <a href="/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen">Litouwen</a> is destijds gekozen voor het naturaliseren van alle in het land woonachtige Russen, maar daar ging het slechts om 6% van de bevolking. </p><p>Dit heeft tot spanningen tussen de Estischtalige en de Russischtalige bevolking en tussen de Estische en de Russische regering geleid. Ondanks de traditionele tolerantie van de Estische bevolking braken in april 2007 rellen uit tussen een deel van de Russische bevolking en de Estische politie na de verplaatsing van <a href="/wiki/De_bronzen_soldaat_van_Tallinn" class="mw-redirect" title="De bronzen soldaat van Tallinn">een bronzen beeld</a>, symbool voor de Russische bevolking in Estland, maar voor de Esten ook een symbool van de Sovjetbezetting. Dit beeld is verplaatst van een plein bij de <a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Estland" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Estland">Nationale Bibliotheek van Estland</a> naar de oorlogsbegraafplaats in de wijk <a href="/wiki/Juhkentali" title="Juhkentali">Juhkentali</a>. Hier liggen veel soldaten van het <a href="/wiki/Rode_Leger_(Sovjet-Unie)" title="Rode Leger (Sovjet-Unie)">Rode Leger</a> begraven. </p><p>Tijdens het Sovjetbewind hebben de meeste in Estland wonende Russen nooit de noodzaak gevoeld om de Estische taal te leren en zij vinden het onredelijk dat ze nu alsnog hiertoe gedwongen worden als ze de Estische nationaliteit willen verwerven. Russisch en Estisch zijn geen verwante talen en het Estisch heeft de naam een moeilijke taal te zijn. Terugkeer naar <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> willen veel Russen niet aangezien Rusland ze vanwege de hoge werkloosheid en het migrantenprobleem niet met open armen ontvangt. Daarnaast telt mee dat men zich veiliger voelt in Estland en de werkloosheidsuitkeringen en pensioenen er vele malen hoger liggen. Veel Russen die in Estland zijn geboren tijdens de Sovjetperiode hebben bovendien vaak weinig familiebanden meer met Rusland en zijn daarom ook veel minder snel geneigd om naar Rusland te gaan. Ten slotte geldt dat Russen die geen Estisch staatsburgerschap hebben in principe <a href="/wiki/Stateloos" class="mw-redirect" title="Stateloos">stateloos</a> zijn en daardoor het land niet uit kunnen, tenzij ze een Russisch paspoort bezitten. </p><p>Daarnaast spelen ook onverschilligheid en culturele of politieke motieven een rol. Veel in Estland wonende Russen vinden, als sprekers van een wereldtaal, het Estisch een onbelangrijke taal. Zij zijn het vaak niet eens met de officiële Estische lezing dat het land tussen 1940 en 1990 door de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a> bezet was en menen dat het er als autonome Sovjetrepubliek vrijwillig deel van uitmaakte. Dit was de officiële en verplichte lezing tijdens de Sovjet-Unie en veel Russen hechten hier nog waarde aan. De Russische bevolking in Estland heeft zichzelf door deze opstelling na 1990 in de positie gebracht van 'vijfde colonne' en wantrouwen opgeroepen, vooral bij Esten die een anti-Russische houding hebben en de Russen als voormalige bezetters beschouwen die zij liever naar Rusland zien terugkeren. De na de instorting van de Sovjet-Unie geboren kinderen van Russische immigranten hebben minder met deze problematiek te maken, omdat ze het Estisch op school moesten leren spreken. De <a href="/wiki/Organisatie_voor_Veiligheid_en_Samenwerking_in_Europa" title="Organisatie voor Veiligheid en Samenwerking in Europa">OVSE-commissaris</a> voor Nationale Minderheden heeft verder de Estische regering overtuigd van de noodzaak van een aantal maatregelen, waaronder het recht dat kinderen van Russische ouders die na 1991 zijn geboren automatisch het Estische staatsburgerschap krijgen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aids">Aids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Aids" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Aids"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uit geschatte cijfers van de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (WHO) blijkt dat 1,3 procent van de Esten tussen 15 en 49 jaar met het virus is besmet dat aids kan veroorzaken, wat het na <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a> het meest besmette land van Europa maakt. Zeker meer dan 5.000 Esten zijn besmet, maar het aantal nieuwe besmettingen neemt geleidelijk aan wel iets af; van 899 in 2002 tot 621 in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vermoedelijk zijn lang niet alle <a href="/wiki/HIV" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV">HIV</a>-dragers als zodanig geregistreerd. Estland telt 1.228.624 (2020) inwoners. </p><p>De meerderheid van de dragers zijn in <a href="/wiki/Narva_(Estland)" title="Narva (Estland)">Narva</a> geconcentreerd waar sinds de kolonisatiepolitiek van 1946 de meerderheid van de bevolking van Russische afkomst is. Gelegen naast de grens met Rusland spelen hier ook andere problemen zoals drugsverslaving en grootschalige prostitutie een rol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religie">Religie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Religie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Religie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het grootste deel van de Estische bevolking is tegenwoordig on<a href="/wiki/Kerkelijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerkelijk">kerkelijk</a>, mede als gevolg van het politieke <a href="/wiki/Athe%C3%AFsme" title="Atheïsme">atheïsme</a> van het tijdperk onder de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a>. </p><p>Het <a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" title="Lutheranisme">lutheraanse</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestantisme</a> is vanouds de godsdienst van de Esten geweest, nadat de <a href="/wiki/Reformatie" title="Reformatie">Reformatie</a> rond 1525 als staatsgodsdienst werd ingevoerd in de omringende staten, met name het <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Pruisen" title="Hertogdom Pruisen">hertogdom Pruisen</a> en de Scandinavische landen. De Lutherse kerk was in handen van de Duitstalige bovenlaag van grootgrondbezitters en stedelingen en, hoewel zij de Esten vanaf het begin in hun eigen taal tegemoet trad, behandelde zij hen als onmondig. Het ontwakende nationalisme bracht daarom aan het einde van de 19de eeuw veel Esten ertoe zich van de kerk, die zij als machtsinstrument van de 'Duitse Balten' beschouwden, af te wenden. Tegelijk probeerde de Russisch-orthodoxe kerk met staatssteun de Esten te bekeren. De voorrechten die daarbij in het vooruitzicht werden gesteld brachten vele tienduizenden Esten ertoe orthodox te worden, een keuze die zij pas na het uitroepen van de onafhankelijkheid weer ongedaan maakten, omdat het onder Russisch gezag verboden was zich uit de Russische staatskerk uit te schrijven. De <i><a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" title="Lutheranisme">Evangelisch-Lutherse Kerk</a> van Estland</i> werd tussen 1920 en 1940 een nationale kerk, maar na de annexatie door de Sovjet-Unie gemarginaliseerd. Sinds 1992 heeft zij opnieuw de status van officiële kerk gekregen. De opening van het parlement van Estland wordt voorafgegaan door kerkdiensten en de landsbisschop van de Lutherse kerk is een centrale persoonlijkheid in het Estische religieuze leven en de theologische faculteiten in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>. Tegenwoordig is nog slechts 30 % van de bevolking geregistreerd als behorend tot een christelijk kerkgenootschap. Daarvan zijn: </p> <ul><li>13,6 % <a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" title="Lutheranisme">evangelisch-luthers</a></li> <li>12,8 % <a href="/wiki/Russisch-Orthodoxe_Kerk" title="Russisch-Orthodoxe Kerk">Russisch-orthodox</a></li> <li>0,5 % <a href="/wiki/Baptisme" title="Baptisme">baptisten</a></li> <li>0,5 % <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katholieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katholieke Kerk">Rooms-katholiek</a></li></ul> <p>De Raad van Christelijke Kerken in Estland omvat de tien belangrijkste kerkgenootschappen van het land. </p><p>Een bijzondere minderheid vormen de 5000 orthodox-Russische <a href="/wiki/Oudgelovigen" title="Oudgelovigen">oudgelovigen</a>, die het gezag van de Russische staatskerk niet konden aanvaarden en in de <a href="/wiki/18e_eeuw" title="18e eeuw">18e eeuw</a> daarvoor streng vervolgd werden. Zij trokken vanuit Rusland naar Oost-Pruisen en naar de Baltische staten, toen deze nog niet onder Russisch gezag stonden. Aan de Estische oevers van het <a href="/wiki/Peipusmeer" title="Peipusmeer">Peipusmeer</a> liggen enkele oudgelovige dorpen. </p><p>Ongeveer 4186 personen zijn lid van de <a href="/wiki/Jehova%27s_getuigen" title="Jehova's getuigen">Jehova's getuigen</a>. Nog slechts 0,1 % van de Estische bevolking is lid van een <a href="/wiki/Jodendom" title="Jodendom">joodse</a> gemeente. Tevens bestaan er kleinere islamitische gemeenschappen van minderheden uit de voormalige <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Economie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de jaren 90 heeft Estland vergaande economische liberaliseringen doorgevoerd, zo is er in 1994 een <a href="/wiki/Vlaktaks" title="Vlaktaks">vlaktaks</a> ingevoerd. In 2004 groeide het <a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnenlands_product" title="Bruto binnenlands product">bruto binnenlands product</a> met 6,2%. Estland stond in 2007 op de twaalfde plek op de ranglijst van economische vrijheid van de conservatieve <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Foundation" title="Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a>. Daarnaast stond Estland in 2014 op plek 12 van de 27 meest concurrerende economieën van de Europese Unie, achter Ierland en voor Spanje en Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mei 2010 besliste de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Commissie" title="Europese Commissie">Europese Commissie</a> dat Estland op 1 januari 2011 de <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> mocht invoeren. Estland had op dat moment een begrotingstekort van 1,7 % van het bruto binnenlands product, wat beter was dan elk ander lid van de eurozone, en een schuldgraad van 7,5 %, wat ongeveer een tiende van het gemiddelde voor de eurozone bedroeg. Estlands toetreding tot de eurozone kwam net tijdens de Griekse crisis en kwam volgens heel wat analisten daardoor op een slecht moment.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultuur">Cultuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Cultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Cultuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Tallinna_laululava_ansambel,_1960.a.*.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tallinna_laululava_ansambel%2C_1960.a.%2A.JPG/260px-Tallinna_laululava_ansambel%2C_1960.a.%2A.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tallinna_laululava_ansambel%2C_1960.a.%2A.JPG/390px-Tallinna_laululava_ansambel%2C_1960.a.%2A.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tallinna_laululava_ansambel%2C_1960.a.%2A.JPG/520px-Tallinna_laululava_ansambel%2C_1960.a.%2A.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5670" data-file-height="3330" /></a><figcaption>Het <a href="/wiki/Estisch_Zangfeest" title="Estisch Zangfeest">Estisch Zangfeest</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muziek">Muziek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Muziek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Muziek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Estland worden enkele festivals jaarlijks gehouden. Sinds 2015 vindt het Weekend Festival plaats in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>. Bekende dance-artiesten als <a href="/wiki/Avicii" title="Avicii">Avicii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lost_Frequencies" title="Lost Frequencies">Lost Frequencies</a> en <a href="/wiki/Martin_Garrix" title="Martin Garrix">Martin Garrix</a> speelden er al meermaals. Ook is er het <a href="/wiki/Estisch_Zangfeest" title="Estisch Zangfeest">Estisch Zangfeest</a>, waar amateurkoren uit heel Estland optreden. Bij het laatste festival in 2014 zakten zowat 100.000 mensen af naar de hoofdstad om het spektakel bij te wonen. </p><p>Estland won het <a href="/wiki/Eurovisiesongfestival" title="Eurovisiesongfestival">Eurovisiesongfestival</a> in 2001 met <a href="/wiki/Tanel_Padar" title="Tanel Padar">Tanel Padar</a> en <a href="/wiki/Dave_Benton" title="Dave Benton">Dave Benton</a> met het nummer <i>Everybody</i>. Het jaar daarna trok het bekende festival naar de <a href="/wiki/Saku_Suurhall" class="mw-redirect" title="Saku Suurhall">Saku Suurhall</a>, de grootste concertzaal van het land. </p><p>De bekendste componist uit Estland is <a href="/wiki/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt" title="Arvo Pärt">Arvo Pärt</a>, geboren in 1935. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feestdagen">Feestdagen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Feestdagen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Feestdagen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De nationale feestdag is de Onafhankelijkheidsdag van Estland, en is op 24 februari. Er zijn 12 feestdagen in Estland die redelijk goed te vergelijken zijn met de westerse feestdagen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Sport"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estland kent enkele belangrijke sporters in de autosport, fietssport en het langlaufen. <a href="/wiki/Jaan_Kirsipuu" title="Jaan Kirsipuu">Jaan Kirsipuu</a> was een zeer succesvol professioneel wielrenner. Hij heeft 115 profzeges op zijn naam staan en droeg de gele trui in de <a href="/wiki/Ronde_van_Frankrijk" title="Ronde van Frankrijk">Ronde van Frankrijk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tanel_Kangert" title="Tanel Kangert">Tanel Kangert</a> is profwielrenner op het hoogste niveau, anno 2020 in de Amerikaanse ploeg <a href="/wiki/EF_Education_First_Pro_Cycling" class="mw-redirect" title="EF Education First Pro Cycling">EF Pro Cycling</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kaia_Kanepi" title="Kaia Kanepi">Kaia Kanepi</a> is een belangrijke tennisspeelster, die al professioneel speelt sinds 2000. Ze stond lange tijd in de top 20 van beste speelsters en bereikte de kwartfinales van <a href="/wiki/Roland_Garros_(tennistoernooi)" title="Roland Garros (tennistoernooi)">Roland Garros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_(tennistoernooi)" title="Wimbledon (tennistoernooi)">Wimbledon</a> en het <a href="/wiki/US_Open_(tennis)" title="US Open (tennis)">US Open</a>. Ook <a href="/wiki/Anett_Kontaveit" title="Anett Kontaveit">Anett Kontaveit</a> is een bekende tennisster uit Estland die op het hoogste niveau actief is. Ze heeft zes WTA-titels gewonnen en bereikte in juni 2022 de tweede positie op de wereldranglijst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digitale_maatschappij">Digitale maatschappij</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Digitale maatschappij" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Digitale maatschappij"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Computers en het internet zijn een onderdeel van de nationale <a href="/wiki/Identiteit_(eigenheid)" title="Identiteit (eigenheid)">identiteit</a> van Estland geworden. Tot augustus 1991 maakte Estland deel uit van de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a>. Na de val van de Sovjet-Unie en het onafhankelijk worden van het land, wilde Estland het meest vooruitstrevende technologische land van de wereld worden.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007 was Estland het eerste land dat door een <a href="/wiki/Cyberoorlog" title="Cyberoorlog">cyberaanval</a> getroffen werd. Daarna is er e-cyberafdeling van het leger opgericht, bemand door betrokken burgers en bedoeld om <a href="/wiki/Hackers" title="Hackers">hackers</a> buiten de deur te houden.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estland loopt voorop bij digitale vernieuwingen. Zo kunnen de Esten al sinds 2005 via het internet hun stem uitbrengen bij de verkiezingen. Ook zijn er veel technologiebedrijven opgericht, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a>. </p><p>De digitalisering van Estland heeft als doel om het contact tussen de overheid en de burgers, en de overheden onderling te verbeteren en de bureaucratie te verminderen. De technische oplossingen dienen ook als exportartikel. </p><p>Estland kent vele digitale toepassingen die het leven van de burger gemakkelijker kunnen maken, zoals stemmen via het internet, vanaf elke computer, waar ook ter wereld. Het belastingformulier kan digitaal worden ingevuld; eventuele teruggaaf is binnen 48 uur geregeld. Alle <a href="/wiki/Wetgeving" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetgeving">wetgeving</a> in Estland, vanaf 2003, is vanaf de computer te raadplegen. Een papieren <a href="/wiki/Doktersrecept" title="Doktersrecept">recept</a> voor de apotheek is ook niet meer nodig. Al meer dan 85% van de scholen in Estland maakt gebruik van de <a href="/wiki/Elektronica" title="Elektronica">elektronische</a> school. Daarmee wordt 95% van alle scholieren bereikt.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veilige, geauthenticeerde identiteit is het geboorterecht van iedere Est: voordat een pasgeboren baby thuiskomt, heeft het ziekenhuis al een digitaal geboortebewijs afgegeven en is zijn of haar ziektekostenverzekering al ingegaan. Door nieuwe regelgeving is het voor buitenlanders mogelijk om een Estische elektronische identiteitskaart aan te vragen. In 2025 zouden 10 miljoen mensen, wereldwijd, over een digitale identiteitskaart kunnen beschikken. Daarmee zou het aantal Esten verachtvoudigen. De digitale Esten hebben niet dezelfde rechten als inwoners van het land. Hun wettelijke positie is vergelijkbaar met die van buitenlanders die wonen in de Baltische staat.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Half 2021 zou een initiatief voor de European Digital Identification voorgesteld moeten worden door de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Commissie" title="Europese Commissie">Europese Commissie</a>. Dat initiatief moedigt de lidstaten aan "<i>to make widely usable, secure and interoperable digital identities available for all Europeans for secure government and private online transactions</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> en andere EU-staten zijn van plan om delen van het Estische it-systeem over te nemen.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politiek_en_bestuur">Politiek en bestuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Politiek en bestuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Politiek en bestuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Palacio_presidencial_Kadriorg,_Tallinn,_Estonia,_2012-08-12,_DD_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Palacio_presidencial_Kadriorg%2C_Tallinn%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-12%2C_DD_04.JPG/260px-Palacio_presidencial_Kadriorg%2C_Tallinn%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-12%2C_DD_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Palacio_presidencial_Kadriorg%2C_Tallinn%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-12%2C_DD_04.JPG/390px-Palacio_presidencial_Kadriorg%2C_Tallinn%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-12%2C_DD_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Palacio_presidencial_Kadriorg%2C_Tallinn%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-12%2C_DD_04.JPG/520px-Palacio_presidencial_Kadriorg%2C_Tallinn%2C_Estonia%2C_2012-08-12%2C_DD_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4885" data-file-height="2457" /></a><figcaption>Het presidentieel paleis van <a href="/wiki/Kadriorg" title="Kadriorg">Kadriorg</a> in Tallinn</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg/260px-Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg/390px-Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg/520px-Baltijas_Asamblejas_sesija%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>De vergaderzaal van de <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a> (het parlement)</figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Politiek_in_Estland" title="Politiek in Estland">Politiek in Estland</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>De republiek Estland is een parlementaire democratie met een <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_staatshoofden_van_Estland" title="Lijst van staatshoofden van Estland">president als staatshoofd</a>, die echter relatief weinig bevoegdheden heeft. De president wordt elke vijf jaar gekozen door het Estische parlement, de <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a> genoemd. De Riigikogu bestaat uit één kamer die 101 leden telt. Deze worden elke vier jaar gekozen via algemene verkiezingen. Er geldt een kiesdrempel van 5%. </p><p>De uitvoerende macht ligt bij de ministerraad, die voorgezeten wordt door de <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_premiers_van_Estland" title="Lijst van premiers van Estland">minister-president</a>, die door de president van de republiek wordt benoemd. De huidige president van Estland is <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a> (sinds oktober 2021) en de huidige premier is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_Michal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen Michal (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kristen Michal</a> (sinds juli 2024). </p><p>Estland is het eerste land ter wereld waar men via internet op het parlement kon stemmen.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eerder kon men al online stemmen tijdens de gemeenteraadsverkiezingen.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vervoer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Muuga_harbour_(7954756912).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Muuga_harbour_%287954756912%29.jpg/260px-Muuga_harbour_%287954756912%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Muuga_harbour_%287954756912%29.jpg/390px-Muuga_harbour_%287954756912%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Muuga_harbour_%287954756912%29.jpg/520px-Muuga_harbour_%287954756912%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3265" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>De haven van <a href="/wiki/Muuga_(Viimsi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muuga (Viimsi)">Muuga</a></figcaption></figure> <p>De lengte van het gesloten <a href="/wiki/Wegen_in_Estland" title="Wegen in Estland">wegennet van Estland</a> was in 2000 30.300 km, waarvan 1601 km <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Estische_hoofdwegen" title="Lijst van Estische hoofdwegen">hoofdweg</a> en 2618 km <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Estische_secundaire_wegen" title="Lijst van Estische secundaire wegen">secundaire wegen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-index_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De totale lengte van het <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Estische_spoorwegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijst van Estische spoorwegen">spoorwegennet</a> bedroeg 968 km, waarvan slechts 132 km geëlektrificeerd was.<sup id="cite_ref-index_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er wordt momenteel aan de <a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a>-lijn gewerkt, die Tallinn met <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> en <a href="/wiki/Warschau" title="Warschau">Warschau</a> gaat verbinden in 2026. </p><p>Estland is gunstig gelegen aan de <a href="/wiki/Oostzee" title="Oostzee">Oostzee</a>, wat met zich meebrengt dat de havens van <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> en <a href="/wiki/Muuga_(Viimsi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muuga (Viimsi)">Muuga</a> beter in staat zijn schepen te ontvangen dan verder weg gelegen concurrenten zoals <a href="/wiki/Sint-Petersburg" title="Sint-Petersburg">Sint-Petersburg</a>. De Estische transportsector zou misschien zelfs gezien kunnen worden als de sector waar in de toekomst de grootste mogelijkheden in liggen.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Milieu">Milieu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Milieu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=16" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Milieu"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estland is naar West-Europese maatstaven een schoon land met een hoge biodiversiteit. <a href="/wiki/Vossen" title="Vossen">Vossen</a> komen zeer algemeen voor. Het land heeft echter te maken met de nasleep van de Sovjetoverheersing. Zo was er bijvoorbeeld in de havenstad <a href="/wiki/Paldiski" title="Paldiski">Paldiski</a> een Russisch trainingscentrum voor <a href="/wiki/Kernonderzee%C3%ABr" title="Kernonderzeeër">kernonderzeeërs</a>. In 1994 is de basis gesloten en de nucleaire installatie ontmanteld. </p><p>De energiesector is de grootste luchtvervuiler in Estland, en dan met name in de provincie <a href="/wiki/Ida-Virumaa" title="Ida-Virumaa">Ida-Virumaa</a>. Deze vervuiling hangt nauw samen met de aanwezigheid van <a href="/wiki/Schalieolie" title="Schalieolie">schalieolie</a> in het gebied. Estland heeft een lage CO<sub>2</sub>-uitstoot als land, maar een hoge uitstoot per inwoner. Sinds het einde van de Russische overheersing is de hoeveelheid vervuiling afgenomen, vooral door de introductie van filters, waterzuiveringsinstallaties en de sluiting van oude industrie. </p><p>De toename van het aantal wegen heeft geleid tot een grotere fragmentatie van de aanwezige natuur. Ook neemt de ontbossing sinds 1992 sterk toe. De toegenomen welvaart en de daarmee samenhangende consumptie heeft tot een stijging van de hoeveelheid huishoudelijk afval geleid. Tussen 1993 en 1997 is deze zelfs met 40% toegenomen. Sinds 1997 is er echter sprake van een daling van 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=17" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werelderfgoedlijst#Estland" title="Werelderfgoedlijst">Monumenten op de Werelderfgoedlijst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltische_Duitsers" title="Baltische Duitsers">Baltische Duitsers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantin Päts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estland&action=edit&section=18" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r63829521">.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten{padding:0;font-size:90%;clear:both;margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein{padding-bottom:5px;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-kop{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-lijst{display:inline;margin-left:0;padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-kop,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten li,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{display:inline-block;margin:0.4em 0.6em;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.4em;width:12.5em}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{width:17.5em;max-height:20px}.mw-parser-output .zuster-logo{display:inline-block;text-align:center;width:34px}.mw-parser-output .zuster-tekst{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein .zuster-op{display:inline}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten li,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{max-height:initial;line-height:inherit}}</style> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-klein zusterprojecten-klein infobox noprint"> <div class="zusterprojecten-kop"><b>Op andere <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia</a>-projecten</b></div><br /> <ul class="zusterprojecten-lijst"> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Estonia" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Estonia">Mediabestanden</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Estonia" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Estonia"><i><b>Media</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Commons</div></div></li><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Crystal_Clear_app_package_network.png/21px-Crystal_Clear_app_package_network.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Crystal_Clear_app_package_network.png/32px-Crystal_Clear_app_package_network.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Crystal_Clear_app_package_network.png/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_package_network.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Estonia" class="extiw" title="c:Atlas of Estonia"><i><b>Atlas</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Commons</div></div></li><div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Estland" class="extiw" title="wikt:Estland">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Estland" class="extiw" title="wikt:Estland"><i><b>Definitie</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op WikiWoordenboek</div></div></li><div class="interProject wikivoyage mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Estland" class="extiw" title="voy:Estland">Wikivoyage</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/21px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/42px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://nl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Estland" class="extiw" title="voy:Estland"><i><b>Reisgids</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Wikivoyage</div></div></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Estisch">(<span>et</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eesti.ee/eng/">Officiële website</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oppervlakte-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-oppervlakte_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2013/Table03.pdf">Verenigde Naties 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-census_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/UNSD/Demographic/products/vitstats/serATab2.pdf">Laatste census 31 december 2011 (via V.N.)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schatting-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-schatting_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201231150122/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/335rank.html">Niet-officiële schatting CIA Factbook juli 2020</a>, berekend door US Bureau of the Census (gearchiveerd)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heritagetribune.eu/nl/estonia/100-viking-swords-found-in-estonia-are-the-largest-discovery-to-date/">100 Vikingzwaarden gevonden in Estland zijn de grootste ontdekking tot nu toe</a>, Heritage Tribune, 15 november 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602185445/https://heritagetribune.eu/nl/estonia/100-viking-swords-found-in-estonia-are-the-largest-discovery-to-date/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 2 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historianet.nl/beschavingen/vikingen/zweedse-broers-kwamen-om-op-eerste-vikingtocht">Zweedse broers kwamen om op eerste Vikingtocht</a>, Historia, 8 oktober 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601002134/https://historianet.nl/beschavingen/vikingen/zweedse-broers-kwamen-om-op-eerste-vikingtocht">Gearchiveerd</a> op 1 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013230952/http://www.miksike.ee/docs/lisakogud/tolerants/vahemused/vahemused_tekst.htm">Gearchiveerde kopie</a>. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2007-10-13">13 oktober 2007</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2007-10-30">30 oktober 2007</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/estonia/ee_appen.html">[1]</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708040213/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/estonia/ee_appen.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 8 juli 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181637/http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PO0222&ti=POPULATION+BY+SEX%2C+ETHNIC+NATIONALITY+AND+COUNTY%2C+1+JANUARY&path=..%2FI_Databas%2FPopulation%2F01Population_indicators_and_composition%2F04Population_figure_and_composition%2F&lang=1">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel/RL21429">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estische_Ministerie_van_Bevolkingszaken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estische Ministerie van Bevolkingszaken (de pagina bestaat niet)">Estische Ministerie van Bevolkingszaken</a> <i>Estonia: Number of naturalized people climbs above that of residents of undefined citizenship</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pater, B. de, et al. <i>Europa</i>, p.190-191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.unaids.org/pub/EpiReport/2006/09-North_America_Western_Central_Europe_2006_EpiUpdate_eng.pdf">UNAIDS AIDS Epidemic Update 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www3.weforum.org/docs/ECR/2014/WEF_E2020CR_OverallRanking_2014.pdf">[4]</a>”Table 2: Rankings and Scores of the EU Member States in 2012 and 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120015433/https://www3.weforum.org/docs/ECR/2014/WEF_E2020CR_OverallRanking_2014.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op 20 januari 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standaard.be/artikel/detail.aspx?artikelid=ST2Q6SFB">Estland mag euro invoeren</a>”, <i>De Standaard</i>, vrijdag 14 mei 2010, p. E5: gegevens over begrotingstekort, schuldgraad en timing tijdens Griekse crisis.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Z24:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.z24.nl/ondernemen/dit-is-het-briljante-plan-van-estland-om-explosief-te-groeien-463359">Estland digitaal</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Volkskrant:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/dossier-leerschool-europa/cyberburgerwacht-waakt-over-data-estland~a3800577/">cyberburgerwacht waakt over data Estland</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-estonia.com/">E–estonia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701101112/https://e-estonia.com/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 1 juli 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-estonia.com/e-residents/about/e-residents">E-Estonia</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Onbereikbare_externe_links" title="Wikipedia:Onbereikbare externe links">[dode link]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Euractiv:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/commission-documents-reveal-vision-for-european-digital-identity/">Commission documents reveal vision for European Digital Identity</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Economist:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/international/21605923-national-identity-scheme-goes-global-estonia-takes-plunge">Global estonia takes plunge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107170932/https://www.economist.com/news/international/21605923-national-identity-scheme-goes-global-estonia-takes-plunge">Gearchiveerd</a> op 7 november 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tweakers.net/nieuws/46528/Esten-kiezen-parlement-via-internet.html">Tweakers.net</a> "Esten kiezen parlement via internet" - 28 februari 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tweakers.net/nieuws/39444/Estland-houdt-verkiezingen-via-internet.html">Tweakers.net</a> "Estland houdt verkiezingen via internet" - 18 oktober 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-index-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-index_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-index_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Indexmundi 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">EVD 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514001444/http://www.keskkonnainfo.ee/publications/377_PDF.pdf">[5]</a> State of Environment in Estonia on the threshold of XXI century</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Finland"><img alt="Vlag van Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Frankrijk</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Griekenland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Griekenland" title="Griekenland">Griekenland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Hongarije"><img alt="Vlag van Hongarije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hongarije" title="Hongarije">Hongarije</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ierland"><img alt="Vlag van Ierland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ierland_(land)" title="Ierland (land)">Ierland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italië (hoofdbetekenis)">Italië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kroatië"><img alt="Vlag van Kroatië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kroati%C3%AB" title="Kroatië">Kroatië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Letland"><img alt="Vlag van Letland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Litouwen"><img alt="Vlag van Litouwen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen">Litouwen</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Luxemburg"><img alt="Vlag van Luxemburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(land)" title="Luxemburg (land)">Luxemburg</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Malta"><img alt="Vlag van Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta_(land)" title="Malta (land)">Malta</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oostenrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Oostenrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Polen"><img alt="Vlag van Polen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Polen_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polen (hoofdbetekenis)">Polen</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Portugal"><img alt="Vlag van Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Roemenië"><img alt="Vlag van Roemenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Slovenië"><img alt="Vlag van Slovenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sloveni%C3%AB" title="Slovenië">Slovenië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Slowakije"><img alt="Vlag van Slowakije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Slowakije" title="Slowakije">Slowakije</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Spanje"><img alt="Vlag van Spanje" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Tsjechië"><img alt="Vlag van Tsjechië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië">Tsjechië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zweden"><img alt="Vlag van Zweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zweden" title="Zweden">Zweden</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ultraperifeer_gebied" title="Ultraperifeer gebied">Ultraperifere gebieden</a>:</span></b></td><td class="rechts"><b>Frankrijk:</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frans-Guyana"><img alt="Vlag van Frans-Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frans-Guyana" title="Frans-Guyana">Frans-Guyana</a> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_(local).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/20px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/30px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/40px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag-of-Martinique.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/20px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/30px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/40px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sint-Maarten_(Franse_Antillen)" title="Sint-Maarten (Franse Antillen)">Sint-Maarten</a></span> <br /> <p><b>Portugal:</b> <a href="/wiki/Azoren" title="Azoren">Azoren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Madeira_(eiland)" title="Madeira (eiland)">Madeira</a><br /> </p> <b>Spanje:</b> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canarische Eilanden"><img alt="Canarische Eilanden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canarische_Eilanden" title="Canarische Eilanden">Canarische Eilanden</a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uitbreiding_van_de_Europese_Unie" title="Uitbreiding van de Europese Unie">Kandidaat-lidstaten</a>:</span></b></td><td class="rechts"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Albanië"><img alt="Vlag van Albanië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Albani%C3%AB" title="Albanië">Albanië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bosnië en Herzegovina"><img alt="Vlag van Bosnië en Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegovina" title="Bosnië en Herzegovina">Bosnië en Herzegovina</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Georgië"><img alt="Vlag van Georgië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Noord-Macedonië"><img alt="Vlag van Noord-Macedonië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noord-Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Macedonië">Noord-Macedonië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Moldavië"><img alt="Vlag van Moldavië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Moldavi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Moldavië (land)">Moldavië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Montenegro.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Montenegro"><img alt="Vlag van Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/20px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/40px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegro (hoofdbetekenis)">Montenegro</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Serbia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Servië"><img alt="Vlag van Servië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%AB" title="Servië">Servië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Turkije"><img alt="Vlag van Turkije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije">Turkije</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oekraïne"><img alt="Vlag van Oekraïne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Landen_in_Europa"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_landen_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie landen Europa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_landen_Europa" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_landen_Europa&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Landen_in_Europa" class="navigatie-titel">Landen in <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Albanië"><img alt="Vlag van Albanië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Albani%C3%AB" title="Albanië">Albanië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Andorra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Andorra"><img alt="Vlag van Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/20px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/40px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Armenië"><img alt="Vlag van Armenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Azerbeidzjan"><img alt="Vlag van Azerbeidzjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidzjan" title="Azerbeidzjan">Azerbeidzjan</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van België"><img alt="Vlag van België" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="België (hoofdbetekenis)">België</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bosnië en Herzegovina"><img alt="Vlag van Bosnië en Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegovina" title="Bosnië en Herzegovina">Bosnië en Herzegovina</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bulgarije"><img alt="Vlag van Bulgarije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije">Bulgarije</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Cyprus"><img alt="Vlag van Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Denemarken"><img alt="Vlag van Denemarken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Denemarken_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denemarken (hoofdbetekenis)">Denemarken</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duitsland (hoofdbetekenis)">Duitsland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Estland"><img alt="Vlag van Estland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Finland"><img alt="Vlag van Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Frankrijk</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Georgië"><img alt="Vlag van Georgië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Griekenland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Griekenland" title="Griekenland">Griekenland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Hongarije"><img alt="Vlag van Hongarije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hongarije" title="Hongarije">Hongarije</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ierland"><img alt="Vlag van Ierland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ierland_(land)" title="Ierland (land)">Ierland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van IJsland"><img alt="Vlag van IJsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IJsland" title="IJsland">IJsland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italië (hoofdbetekenis)">Italië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kazachstan"><img alt="Vlag van Kazachstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Kosovo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kosovo"><img alt="Vlag van Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kroatië"><img alt="Vlag van Kroatië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kroati%C3%AB" title="Kroatië">Kroatië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Letland"><img alt="Vlag van Letland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Liechtenstein"><img alt="Vlag van Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/20px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/40px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Litouwen"><img alt="Vlag van Litouwen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen">Litouwen</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Luxemburg"><img alt="Vlag van Luxemburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(land)" title="Luxemburg (land)">Luxemburg</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Malta"><img alt="Vlag van Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta_(land)" title="Malta (land)">Malta</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Moldavië"><img alt="Vlag van Moldavië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Moldavi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Moldavië (land)">Moldavië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Monaco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Monaco"><img alt="Vlag van Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/20px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/40px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Montenegro.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Montenegro"><img alt="Vlag van Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/20px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/40px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegro (hoofdbetekenis)">Montenegro</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Noord-Macedonië"><img alt="Vlag van Noord-Macedonië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noord-Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Macedonië">Noord-Macedonië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Noorwegen"><img alt="Vlag van Noorwegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noorwegen" title="Noorwegen">Noorwegen</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oekraïne"><img alt="Vlag van Oekraïne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oostenrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Oostenrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Polen"><img alt="Vlag van Polen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Polen_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polen (hoofdbetekenis)">Polen</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Portugal"><img alt="Vlag van Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Roemenië"><img alt="Vlag van Roemenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusland (hoofdbetekenis)">Rusland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_San_Marino.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van San Marino"><img alt="Vlag van San Marino" 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