URL Generation - Laravel 11.x - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>URL Generation - Laravel 11.x - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://laravel.com/docs/11.x/urls">  <meta name="title" content="Laravel - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans"> <meta name="description" content="Laravel is a PHP web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. We’ve already laid the foundation — freeing you to create without sweating the small things.">  <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://laravel.com/"> <meta property="og:title" content="Laravel - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans"> <meta property="og:description" content="Laravel is a PHP web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. 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<a href="/docs/11.x/upgrade">Upgrade Guide</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/contributions">Contribution Guide</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Getting Started</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/installation">Installation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/configuration">Configuration</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/structure">Directory Structure</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/frontend">Frontend</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits">Starter Kits</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/deployment">Deployment</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Architecture Concepts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/lifecycle">Request Lifecycle</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/container">Service Container</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/providers">Service Providers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/facades">Facades</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sub--on"> <h2>The Basics</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/routing">Routing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/middleware">Middleware</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/csrf">CSRF Protection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/controllers">Controllers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/requests">Requests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/responses">Responses</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/views">Views</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/blade">Blade Templates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/vite">Asset Bundling</a> </li> <li class="active"> <a href="/docs/11.x/urls">URL Generation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/session">Session</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/validation">Validation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/errors">Error Handling</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/logging">Logging</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Digging Deeper</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/artisan">Artisan Console</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/broadcasting">Broadcasting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/cache">Cache</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/collections">Collections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/concurrency">Concurrency</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/context">Context</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/contracts">Contracts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/filesystem">File Storage</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/helpers">Helpers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/http-client">HTTP Client</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/localization">Localization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mail">Mail</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/notifications">Notifications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/packages">Package Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/processes">Processes</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/queues">Queues</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/rate-limiting">Rate Limiting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/strings">Strings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/scheduling">Task Scheduling</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Security</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authentication">Authentication</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authorization">Authorization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/verification">Email Verification</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/encryption">Encryption</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/hashing">Hashing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/passwords">Password Reset</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Database</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/database">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/queries">Query Builder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pagination">Pagination</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/migrations">Migrations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/seeding">Seeding</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/redis">Redis</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mongodb">MongoDB</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Eloquent ORM</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-relationships">Relationships</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-collections">Collections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-mutators">Mutators / Casts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-resources">API Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-serialization">Serialization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-factories">Factories</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Testing</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/testing">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/http-tests">HTTP Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/console-tests">Console Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/dusk">Browser Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/database-testing">Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mocking">Mocking</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Packages</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits#laravel-breeze">Breeze</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/billing">Cashier (Stripe)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/cashier-paddle">Cashier (Paddle)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/dusk">Dusk</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/envoy">Envoy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/fortify">Fortify</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/folio">Folio</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/homestead">Homestead</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/horizon">Horizon</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jetstream.laravel.com">Jetstream</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mix">Mix</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/octane">Octane</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/passport">Passport</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pennant">Pennant</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pint">Pint</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/precognition">Precognition</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/prompts">Prompts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pulse">Pulse</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/reverb">Reverb</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sail">Sail</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sanctum">Sanctum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/scout">Scout</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/socialite">Socialite</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/telescope">Telescope</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/valet">Valet</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/api/11.x">API Documentation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <section class="flex-1 dark:bg-dark-700"> <div class="max-w-screen-lg px-8 sm:px-16 lg:px-24"> <div class="flex flex-col items-end border-b border-gray-200 py-1 transition-colors dark:border-gray-700 lg:mt-8 lg:flex-row-reverse"> <div class="hidden lg:flex items-center justify-center ml-8"> <button id="header__sun" onclick="toSystemMode()" title="Switch to system theme" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-sun" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path> <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="4"></circle> <path d="M3 12h1m8 -9v1m8 8h1m-9 8v1m-6.4 -15.4l.7 .7m12.1 -.7l-.7 .7m0 11.4l.7 .7m-12.1 -.7l-.7 .7"></path> </svg> </button> <button id="header__moon" onclick="toLightMode()" title="Switch to light mode" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M17.75,4.09L15.22,6.03L16.13,9.09L13.5,7.28L10.87,9.09L11.78,6.03L9.25,4.09L12.44,4L13.5,1L14.56,4L17.75,4.09M21.25,11L19.61,12.25L20.2,14.23L18.5,13.06L16.8,14.23L17.39,12.25L15.75,11L17.81,10.95L18.5,9L19.19,10.95L21.25,11M18.97,15.95C19.8,15.87 20.69,17.05 20.16,17.8C19.84,18.25 19.5,18.67 19.08,19.07C15.17,23 8.84,23 4.94,19.07C1.03,15.17 1.03,8.83 4.94,4.93C5.34,4.53 5.76,4.17 6.21,3.85C6.96,3.32 8.14,4.21 8.06,5.04C7.79,7.9 8.75,10.87 10.95,13.06C13.14,15.26 16.1,16.22 18.97,15.95M17.33,17.97C14.5,17.81 11.7,16.64 9.53,14.5C7.36,12.31 6.2,9.5 6.04,6.68C3.23,9.82 3.34,14.64 6.35,17.66C9.37,20.67 14.19,20.78 17.33,17.97Z" /> </svg> </button> <button id="header__indeterminate" onclick="toDarkMode()" title="Switch to dark mode" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M12 2A10 10 0 0 0 2 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 22A10 10 0 0 0 22 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 2M12 4A8 8 0 0 1 20 12A8 8 0 0 1 12 20V4Z" /> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="w-full lg:w-40 lg:pl-12"> <div> <label class="text-gray-600 text-xs tracking-widest uppercase dark:text-gray-500" for="version-switcher">Version</label> <div x-data class="relative w-full bg-white transition-all duration-500 focus-within:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-800"> <select id="version-switcher" aria-label="Laravel version" class="appearance-none flex-1 w-full px-0 py-1 placeholder-gray-900 tracking-wide bg-white border-transparent focus:outline-none dark:bg-dark-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:placeholder-gray-500" @change="window.location = $event.target.value" > <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/master/urls">Master</option> <option selected value="https://laravel.com/docs/11.x/urls">11.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/urls">10.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/urls">9.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/urls">8.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/7.x/urls">7.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/6.x/urls">6.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/urls">5.8</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/urls">5.7</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/urls">5.6</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.5/urls">5.5</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.4/urls">5.4</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.3/urls">5.3</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.2/urls">5.2</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.1/urls">5.1</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.0/urls">5.0</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/4.2/urls">4.2</option> </select> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none dark:hidden" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none hidden dark:block" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.dark.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relative mt-8 flex items-center justify-end w-full h-10 lg:mt-0"> <div class="flex-1 flex items-center"> <button id="docsearch" class="text-gray-800 transition-colors dark:text-gray-400 w-full"></button> </div> </div> </div> <section class="mt-8 md:mt-16"> <section class="docs_main max-w-prose"> <div id="main-content"> <h1>URL Generation</h1> <ul> <li> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="#the-basics">The Basics</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#generating-urls">Generating URLs</a> </li> <li> <a href="#accessing-the-current-url">Accessing the Current URL</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#urls-for-named-routes">URLs for Named Routes</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#signed-urls">Signed URLs</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#urls-for-controller-actions">URLs for Controller Actions</a> </li> <li> <a href="#default-values">Default Values</a> </li> </ul> <h2 id="introduction"><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2> <p>Laravel provides several helpers to assist you in generating URLs for your application. These helpers are primarily helpful when building links in your templates and API responses, or when generating redirect responses to another part of your application.</p> <h2 id="the-basics"><a href="#the-basics">The Basics</a></h2> <h3 id="generating-urls"><a href="#generating-urls">Generating URLs</a></h3> <p>The <code>url</code> helper may be used to generate arbitrary URLs for your application. The generated URL will automatically use the scheme (HTTP or HTTPS) and host from the current request being handled by the application:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Models\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Post</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">find</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/posts/</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">post</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">->id</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> http://example.com/posts/1</span></div></code></pre> <p>To generate a URL with query string parameters, you may use the <code>query</code> method:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">query</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/posts</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">search</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Laravel</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> https://example.com/posts?search=Laravel</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">query</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/posts?sort=latest</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">search</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Laravel</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> http://example.com/posts?sort=latest&search=Laravel</span></div></code></pre> <p>Providing query string parameters that already exist in the path will overwrite their existing value:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">query</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/posts?sort=latest</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">sort</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">oldest</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> http://example.com/posts?sort=oldest</span></div></code></pre> <p>Arrays of values may also be passed as query parameters. These values will be properly keyed and encoded in the generated URL:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">query</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/posts</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">columns</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">title</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">body</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> http://example.com/posts?columns%5B0%5D=title&columns%5B1%5D=body</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">urldecode</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> http://example.com/posts?columns[0]=title&columns[1]=body</span></div></code></pre> <h3 id="accessing-the-current-url"><a href="#accessing-the-current-url">Accessing the Current URL</a></h3> <p>If no path is provided to the <code>url</code> helper, an <code>Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator</code> instance is returned, allowing you to access information about the current URL:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Get the current URL without the query string...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">current</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Get the current URL including the query string...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">full</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Get the full URL for the previous request...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">previous</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <p>Each of these methods may also be accessed via the <code>URL</code> <a href="/docs/11.x/facades">facade</a>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">URL</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">URL</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">current</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h2 id="urls-for-named-routes"><a href="#urls-for-named-routes">URLs for Named Routes</a></h2> <p>The <code>route</code> helper may be used to generate URLs to <a href="/docs/11.x/routing#named-routes">named routes</a>. Named routes allow you to generate URLs without being coupled to the actual URL defined on the route. Therefore, if the route's URL changes, no changes need to be made to your calls to the <code>route</code> function. For example, imagine your application contains a route defined like the following:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Route</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/post/{post}</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$post</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">post.show</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>To generate a URL to this route, you may use the <code>route</code> helper like so:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">route</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">post.show</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">post</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> http://example.com/post/1</span></div></code></pre> <p>Of course, the <code>route</code> helper may also be used to generate URLs for routes with multiple parameters:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Route</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/post/{post}/comment/{comment}</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Comment</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$comment</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">comment.show</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">route</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">comment.show</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">post</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">comment</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">3</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> http://example.com/post/1/comment/3</span></div></code></pre> <p>Any additional array elements that do not correspond to the route's definition parameters will be added to the URL's query string:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">route</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">post.show</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">post</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">search</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">rocket</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> http://example.com/post/1?search=rocket</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="eloquent-models"><a href="#eloquent-models">Eloquent Models</a></h4> <p>You will often be generating URLs using the route key (typically the primary key) of <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent">Eloquent models</a>. For this reason, you may pass Eloquent models as parameter values. The <code>route</code> helper will automatically extract the model's route key:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">route</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">post.show</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">post</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h3 id="signed-urls"><a href="#signed-urls">Signed URLs</a></h3> <p>Laravel allows you to easily create "signed" URLs to named routes. These URLs have a "signature" hash appended to the query string which allows Laravel to verify that the URL has not been modified since it was created. Signed URLs are especially useful for routes that are publicly accessible yet need a layer of protection against URL manipulation.</p> <p>For example, you might use signed URLs to implement a public "unsubscribe" link that is emailed to your customers. To create a signed URL to a named route, use the <code>signedRoute</code> method of the <code>URL</code> facade:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">URL</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">URL</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">signedRoute</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">unsubscribe</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <p>You may exclude the domain from the signed URL hash by providing the <code>absolute</code> argument to the <code>signedRoute</code> method:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">URL</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">signedRoute</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">unsubscribe</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">], absolute: </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">false</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>If you would like to generate a temporary signed route URL that expires after a specified amount of time, you may use the <code>temporarySignedRoute</code> method. When Laravel validates a temporary signed route URL, it will ensure that the expiration timestamp that is encoded into the signed URL has not elapsed:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">URL</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">URL</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">temporarySignedRoute</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">unsubscribe</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">now</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">addMinutes</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">30</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">), [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="validating-signed-route-requests"><a href="#validating-signed-route-requests">Validating Signed Route Requests</a></h4> <p>To verify that an incoming request has a valid signature, you should call the <code>hasValidSignature</code> method on the incoming <code>Illuminate\Http\Request</code> instance:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Http\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Route</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/unsubscribe/{user}</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">if</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> (</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">!</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hasValidSignature</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()) {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">abort</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">401</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">unsubscribe</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>Sometimes, you may need to allow your application's frontend to append data to a signed URL, such as when performing client-side pagination. Therefore, you can specify request query parameters that should be ignored when validating a signed URL using the <code>hasValidSignatureWhileIgnoring</code> method. Remember, ignoring parameters allows anyone to modify those parameters on the request:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">if</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> (</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">!</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hasValidSignatureWhileIgnoring</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">page</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">order</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])) {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">abort</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">401</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> <p>Instead of validating signed URLs using the incoming request instance, you may assign the <code>signed</code> (<code>Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature</code>) <a href="/docs/11.x/middleware">middleware</a> to the route. If the incoming request does not have a valid signature, the middleware will automatically return a <code>403</code> HTTP response:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Route</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/unsubscribe/{user}</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">unsubscribe</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">middleware</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">signed</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>If your signed URLs do not include the domain in the URL hash, you should provide the <code>relative</code> argument to the middleware:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Route</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/unsubscribe/{user}</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">unsubscribe</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">middleware</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">signed:relative</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="responding-to-invalid-signed-routes"><a href="#responding-to-invalid-signed-routes">Responding to Invalid Signed Routes</a></h4> <p>When someone visits a signed URL that has expired, they will receive a generic error page for the <code>403</code> HTTP status code. However, you can customize this behavior by defining a custom "render" closure for the <code>InvalidSignatureException</code> exception in your application's <code>bootstrap/app.php</code> file:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Routing\Exceptions\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">InvalidSignatureException</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withExceptions</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$exceptions</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$exceptions</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">render</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">InvalidSignatureException</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$e</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">view</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">errors.link-expired</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, status: </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">403</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> });</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span></div></code></pre> <h2 id="urls-for-controller-actions"><a href="#urls-for-controller-actions">URLs for Controller Actions</a></h2> <p>The <code>action</code> function generates a URL for the given controller action:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Http\Controllers\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">HomeController</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">action</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">HomeController</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">index</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <p>If the controller method accepts route parameters, you may pass an associative array of route parameters as the second argument to the function:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$url</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">action</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">UserController</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">profile</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">],</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">id</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h2 id="default-values"><a href="#default-values">Default Values</a></h2> <p>For some applications, you may wish to specify request-wide default values for certain URL parameters. For example, imagine many of your routes define a <code>{locale}</code> parameter:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Route</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/{locale}/posts</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">post.index</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>It is cumbersome to always pass the <code>locale</code> every time you call the <code>route</code> helper. So, you may use the <code>URL::defaults</code> method to define a default value for this parameter that will always be applied during the current request. You may wish to call this method from a <a href="/docs/11.x/middleware#assigning-middleware-to-routes">route middleware</a> so that you have access to the current request:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Http\Middleware;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Closure</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Http\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">URL</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">SetDefaultLocaleForUrls</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * Handle an incoming request.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> *</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">@param</span><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Closure</span><span style="color: #697098;">(\</span><span style="color: #697098;">Illuminate</span><span style="color: #697098;">\</span><span style="color: #697098;">Http</span><span style="color: #697098;">\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Request</span><span style="color: #697098;">): </span><span style="color: #697098;">(\</span><span style="color: #697098;">Symfony</span><span style="color: #697098;">\</span><span style="color: #697098;">Component</span><span style="color: #697098;">\</span><span style="color: #697098;">HttpFoundation</span><span style="color: #697098;">\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Response</span><span style="color: #697098;">) $</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">next</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">handle</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Closure</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$next</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">URL</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">defaults</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">locale</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">user</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">->locale</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$next</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> <p>Once the default value for the <code>locale</code> parameter has been set, you are no longer required to pass its value when generating URLs via the <code>route</code> helper.</p> <h4 id="url-defaults-middleware-priority"><a href="#url-defaults-middleware-priority">URL Defaults and Middleware Priority</a></h4> <p>Setting URL default values can interfere with Laravel's handling of implicit model bindings. Therefore, you should <a href="/docs/11.x/middleware#sorting-middleware">prioritize your middleware</a> that set URL defaults to be executed before Laravel's own <code>SubstituteBindings</code> middleware. You can accomplish this using the <code>priority</code> middleware method in your application's <code>bootstrap/app.php</code> file:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight has-add-lines has-diff-lines' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withMiddleware</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Middleware</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$middleware</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$middleware</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">priority</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">HandlePrecognitiveRequests</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">EncryptCookies</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AddQueuedCookiesToResponse</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">StartSession</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\View\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ShareErrorsFromSession</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ValidateCsrfToken</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AuthenticatesRequests</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ThrottleRequests</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ThrottleRequestsWithRedis</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AuthenticateSession</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line line-add line-has-background' style='background-color: #99b76d23'><span style="color: #C3E88D;"> \App\Http\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">SetDefaultLocaleForUrls</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">::</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">class</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">, </span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">SubstituteBindings</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Authorize</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ]);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span></div></code></pre> </div> <script async type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYILK3E&placement=laravelcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script> </div> </section> </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer 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