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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Analysis subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strategy_and_warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy_and_warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Strategy and warfare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategy_and_warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logistics_and_finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logistics_and_finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Logistics and finances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logistics_and_finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">War between the Galatian Gauls and the Roman Republic fought in 189 BC</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Galatian War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_Minor_188_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A world map showing parts of Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, centred on Asia Minor and Greece. Pergamum is marked in dark blue, Rhodes in navy blue, the Achaean league in dark and light purple, the Achaean League in two shades of light blue; the latter two using the differing colors to show their territorial changes between the map's time period of 220/280 BC - 160 BC. Galatia is to the top centre of Pergamum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Asia_Minor_188_BCE.jpg/220px-Asia_Minor_188_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Asia_Minor_188_BCE.jpg/330px-Asia_Minor_188_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Asia_Minor_188_BCE.jpg/440px-Asia_Minor_188_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="572" /></a> A map showing the location of Galatia.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>189 BC</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a>, Asia Minor (present-day <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Roman Allied victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolistobogii" title="Tolistobogii">Tolistobogii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectosagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectosagi">Tectosagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocmi" title="Trocmi">Trocmi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Pergamum</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Eposognatus Orgiagon <a href="/wiki/Chiomara" title="Chiomara">Chiomara</a> Komboiomaros Gaulotos</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Manlius_Vulso_(consul_189_BC)" title="Gnaeus Manlius Vulso (consul 189 BC)">Gnaeus Manlius Vulso</a> <a href="/wiki/Attalus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalus II">Attalus II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Over 50,000 men (overstated)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 30,000–35,000 Roman and allied forces 2,800 Pergamese troops</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 40,000 dead or captured at Mount Olympus (overstated) 8,000 dead at Ancyra Tolistobogii and Tectosagi massacred<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135-1">[1]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table> The Galatian War was a war fought in 189 BC between the Galatian <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>, supported by their ally <a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Pergamum</a>. The war was fought in <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a> in central <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>, in present-day <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. The Romans had just defeated the <a href="/wiki/Seleucids" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucids">Seleucids</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Seleucid_war" title="Roman–Seleucid war">Roman–Seleucid War</a> and were in the midst of concluding a treaty with the latter. The Romans had then turned their attention towards the Gallic tribes of Galatia who were known for making frequent raids into other cities in Asia Minor and possessing much loot. Ancient historians noted that <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Manlius_Vulso_(consul_189_BC)" title="Gnaeus Manlius Vulso (consul 189 BC)">Gnaeus Manlius Vulso</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">consul</a>, had justified the invasion by saying that it was in retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians</a> supplying troops to the Seleucids during the war, and that Vulso had embarked on this campaign without the permission of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a>. However, modern historians argue that the war had either the covert or tacit approval of the Senate. Joined by troops from Pergamum, the Romans marched inland, avoiding cities held by the Seleucids and attacking those which had not formally allied with the latter. Modern historians argue that this measure was taken to preserve the Roman–Seleucid truce while also weakening potential Seleucid allies. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_army_of_the_mid-Republic" title="Roman army of the mid-Republic">Roman army</a> then marched south, possibly to receive supplies from Roman ships at the port of Attalia (modern day <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>). They then marched northward and unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate with the Galatians. The Romans defeated the Galatians in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Olympus" title="Battle of Mount Olympus">the battle on Mount Olympus</a>, thought to be either Çile Dağı, a hill located between <a href="/wiki/Gordion" title="Gordion">Gordion</a> and Ancyra; or Alis Daği in northern Galatia, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a>. The Romans then defeated a larger Galatian contingent on a hill near Ancyra (modern day <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> in Turkey). These defeats forced the Galatians to sue for peace and the Romans returned to the coast of Asia Minor, where Vulso concluded the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Apamea" title="Treaty of Apamea">Treaty of Apamea</a> with the Seleucids. The territories through which the Roman army had marched during this campaign were transferred from the Seleucids to either Rome or its allies, which modern historians argue was one of the purposes of the campaign. When Vulso returned to Rome, he was charged with threatening the peace between the Seleucids and Rome. He was cleared and was granted a <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a> by the Senate. As a result of the campaign, Greco-Asian religious rituals and luxury began to be introduced to Rome, which ancient historians blamed for the moral decline of the Roman Republic. The loot brought by Vulso was used to repay Roman taxpayers and also for increased expenditure on infrastructure. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians (people)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map where the territories of the Roman Republic (modern Italy, southeastern Spain and northwestern Greece) are shaded dark purple, while the territories of the Seleucid Empire (southern Turkey, Iraq, Syria and most of Iran) are shaded blue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg/220px-Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg/330px-Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg/440px-Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>The Roman Republic, Galatia and the Seleucid Empire in 200 BC</figcaption></figure> In 191 BC, <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochus the Great">Antiochus the Great</a>, the Emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>, had <a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Seleucid_war" title="Roman–Seleucid war">invaded Greece</a>. The Romans intervened, defeating him at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae_(191_BC)" title="Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)">Battle of Thermopylae</a> and forcing the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_army" title="Seleucid army">Seleucid army</a> to retreat to <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. The Romans pursued Antiochus and the Seleucids across the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>; and together with their ally, King <a href="/wiki/Eumenes_II" title="Eumenes II">Eumenes II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamum</a>, decisively defeated the Seleucid army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magnesia" title="Battle of Magnesia">Battle of Magnesia</a> in 190 or 189 BC. Antiochus <a href="/wiki/Suing_for_peace" title="Suing for peace">sued for peace</a> and began settling it with <a href="/wiki/Scipio_Asiaticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Scipio Asiaticus">Scipio Asiaticus</a>, the Roman <a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">consul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199525-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Manlius_Vulso_(consul_189_BC)" title="Gnaeus Manlius Vulso (consul 189 BC)">Gnaeus Manlius Vulso</a>, elected a Roman consul for 189 BC and deployed to Asia, arrived at <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> during the spring season.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199525,_29-3">[3]</a> Vulso assumed command of Scipio's army, which was now idle since the Seleucids had been defeated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199528-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979233,_fn._10-5">[5]</a> He was sent to conclude the treaty Scipio was arranging and ensure Antiochus accepted the terms set by the Romans. However, he was not content with the task given to him and started to plan for a new war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199527-6">[6]</a> He addressed the soldiers, congratulated them on their victory and then proposed a new war against the <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a> of <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a> in Asia Minor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533-7">[7]</a> The pretext he used for the invasion was that the Galatians had supplied soldiers to the Seleucid army at the Battle of Magnesia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135-1">[1]</a> Historians have cited the ancient Roman historian <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> to argue that the principal reason for the invasion was Vulso's desire to seize the wealth of the Galatians, who had become rich from plundering their neighbors, and to gain glory for himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199523–24-8">[8]</a> A proposal had been introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a> to reduce the size of Vulso's army, but it did not pass. Three modern historians have thus argued that the Senate was aware of the likelihood of a war with the Galatians,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197189-9">[9]</a> and that it had allowed the continued deployment of the army either to counterbalance the Seleucids or fill the <a href="/wiki/Power_vacuum" title="Power vacuum">power vacuum</a> created by their defeat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199525-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013133-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979235-11">[11]</a> The historian <a href="/wiki/Esther_V._Hansen" title="Esther V. Hansen">Esther V. Hansen</a> argues that the Senate had heard representations against the Galatians from both the king of Pergamum and the Greek cities in Asia Minor, and that it had kept the army deployed in Asia Minor in order to deal with the Galatians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197189-9">[9]</a> For the size of this army, the historian John D. Grainger arrives at a possible range of 30 to 35 thousand total soldiers, including those fielded by the allies.<a href="#cite_note-13">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199526-12">[12]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:II._Attalos_Heykeli_detay.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Close up shot of a statue of the bare chested Pergamum king Attalus II holding a kind of spear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/II._Attalos_Heykeli_detay.JPG/220px-II._Attalos_Heykeli_detay.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/II._Attalos_Heykeli_detay.JPG/330px-II._Attalos_Heykeli_detay.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/II._Attalos_Heykeli_detay.JPG/440px-II._Attalos_Heykeli_detay.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A statue of Attalus II in modern day Turkey</figcaption></figure> This was the first war started by a Roman general without the permission of the Senate or the people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201326,_174-14">[13]</a> Vulso started his preparations for the war by summoning the Pergamese to help. Since the King of Pergamum, Eumenes II ,was in Rome at the time, his brother and regent <a href="/wiki/Attalus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalus II">Attalus II</a> took command of the Pergamese army. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Roman_army_of_the_mid-Republic" title="Roman army of the mid-Republic">Roman army</a> a few days later with 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> and 500 <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D12_38.12]-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="March_inland">March inland</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: March inland">edit</a>]</div> The combined Roman–Pergamese army started their march from Ephesus. They advanced inland, passing <a href="/wiki/Magnesia_on_the_Maeander" title="Magnesia on the Maeander">Magnesia on the Maeander</a> and the city of <a href="/wiki/Alabanda" title="Alabanda">Alabanda</a> where they were met by 1,000 infantry and 300 cavalry led by Attalus's brother, Athenaeus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533-7">[7]</a> They then marched to <a href="/wiki/Antioch_on_the_Maeander" title="Antioch on the Maeander">Antiochia</a> where they were met by Antiochus' son, <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucus IV">Seleucus</a>, who offered food supplies as part of the treaty that was being concluded. The army then marched through the mountainous regions of <a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a>. The army passed through or encamped at cities like Gordiu Teichos, <a href="/wiki/Tabae" title="Tabae">Tabae</a> and Eriza. Grainger notes that these cities were relatively poorer than those to the immediate north: <a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias" title="Aphrodisias">Aphrodisias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_at_Latmus" title="Heraclea at Latmus">Heraclea at Latmus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Pisidia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia (Pisidia)">Apollonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Themisonium" title="Themisonium">Themisonium</a>; he argues that Vulso chose not to pass through these wealthier cities because they were fortified by the Seleucids and an attack on them could trigger a new war. Grainger further argues that Vulso's primary intent in this campaign was to weaken Seleucid allies, not to loot.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199534-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013131-17">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_regions_marked.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Green colored map of Asia Minor with its regions marked in black, areas settled by Greeks in italics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_regions_marked.webp/220px-Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_regions_marked.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_regions_marked.webp/330px-Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_regions_marked.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_regions_marked.webp/440px-Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_regions_marked.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Map of Asia Minor with its regions marked</figcaption></figure> The army then advanced into the territory of <a href="/wiki/Cibyra" title="Cibyra">Cibyra</a>, ruled by Moagetes, who Livy says was a <a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">tyrant</a>. Moagetes persuaded Vulso to accept 100 <a href="/wiki/Talent_(measurement)" title="Talent (measurement)">talents of silver</a> as indemnity and promised to provide him with 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Medimnos" title="Medimnos">medimnoi</a> of wheat.<a href="#cite_note-19">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D14_38.14]-20">[18]</a> Vulso then crossed the Caularis river,<a href="#cite_note-22">[c]</a> Lake Cabalitis (Lake Söğüt) and arrived in Madamprum/Mandropolis. The army plundered Laco/Lagon (<a href="/wiki/Lagbe" title="Lagbe">Lagbe</a>), then crossed the River Cobulatus/Colobatus (the upper Istanos Çay),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagie19501157-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> where he was met by ambassadors from <a href="/wiki/Sinda_(Pisidia)" title="Sinda (Pisidia)">Sinda</a>, a town in Pisidia. The ambassadors asked for assistance fighting against the city of <a href="/wiki/Termessus" class="mw-redirect" title="Termessus">Termessos</a>, which had taken over all their country except the capital. The consul accepted their request. He entered Termessian territory, allowing the Termessians to enter his alliance for fifty talents and for their withdrawal from Sindian territory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolybius[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPlb2135_21.35]-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199534–35-25">[22]</a> Vulso marched for two days via <a href="/wiki/Pogla" title="Pogla">Pogla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andeda" title="Andeda">Andeda</a> to seize the city of Cormasa in Pisidia, and there seized a large booty. The archaeologist <a href="/wiki/George_Ewart_Bean" title="George Ewart Bean">George Ewart Bean</a> posited that Cormasa was the modern village of Eğnes near <a href="/wiki/Burdur" title="Burdur">Burdur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBean1959114–116.-26">[23]</a> while the historian Alan S. Hall posited that it was located east of the Lysis river,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1986141–142,_fn._5-27">[24]</a> which has been triangulated near modern <a href="/wiki/%C3%87eltik%C3%A7i" title="Çeltikçi">Çeltikçi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> Grainger notes that Vulso did not fully enter <a href="/wiki/Pamphylia" title="Pamphylia">Pamphylia</a> and instead chose to travel north.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199535-29">[26]</a> He passed Xyline Come<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> and Darsa,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagie19501158-31">[28]</a> then took the city of <a href="/wiki/Lysinoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysinoe">Lysinoe</a> before accepting a tribute of fifty talents and 20,000 medimnoi each of barley and wheat from the city of <a href="/wiki/Sagalassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sagalassus">Sagalassus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolybius[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990102343Abook3D213Achapter3D36_21.36]-33">[29]</a> Grainger argues that 275 talents of silver and 60,000 medimnoi of grain was the minimum total loot during the marches,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533,_35-34">[30]</a> the food being sufficient for 41 days for about 35,000 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199535,_fn._3-35">[31]</a> He notes that Vulso had extracted a substantial amount of money and food from probable Seleucid allies, thus reducing the resources they could have provided to the Seleucids for a new war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199535-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014138-36">[32]</a> The consul reached the Rhotrine Springs and he was once again met by Seleucus, who took the injured and sick Romans with him to <a href="/wiki/Apamea_(Phrygia)" title="Apamea (Phrygia)">Apamea</a> and provided some guides to the Romans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3815fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.15]-37">[33]</a> Vulso, like he did during his previous marches, avoided Seleucid-controlled cities, namely <a href="/wiki/Seleucia_Sidera" title="Seleucia Sidera">Seleucia Sidera</a>, Apollonia, <a href="/wiki/Lysias,_Phrygia" title="Lysias, Phrygia">Lysias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dokimeion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dokimeion">Dokimeion</a>. The Romans instead marched from Acoridos Come to <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(southern_Phrygia)" title="Metropolis (southern Phrygia)">Metropolis</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Synnada" title="Synnada">Synnada</a> and finally <a href="/wiki/Beudos" title="Beudos">Beudos</a>. Grainger argues that the guides provided by Seleucus were not helping the Romans with navigation but with safe passage. The Romans found the cities on their route deserted; Livy says this was due to fear of the Romans, while Grainger argues it could have been a Seleucid measure to avoid skirmishes and thus protect the truce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199536-38">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_cities_marked.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Terrain map of Asia Minor with significant cities marked, areas settled by Greeks in italics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_cities_marked.webp/220px-Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_cities_marked.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_cities_marked.webp/330px-Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_cities_marked.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_cities_marked.webp/440px-Map_of_Asia_Minor_with_cities_marked.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption>Map of Asia Minor with the major cities marked</figcaption></figure> They soon arrived on the border with the <a href="/wiki/Tolistobogii" title="Tolistobogii">Tolistobogii</a>, one of the three Galatian tribes. The consul held an assembly and addressed his troops about the upcoming war. Vulso then sent envoys to Eposognatus, the chief of a section of the Tolistobogii, and the only chief who was friendly with Pergamum.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D18_38.18]-39">[35]</a> He was the only Galatian chief who had chosen to not ally with the Seleucids and had not sent them troops.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197188-40">[36]</a> Eposognatus did not have power over all members of the Tolistobogii because the Galatians were not a unified polity, their tribes and chiefs could each act independently.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020159–160-41">[37]</a> The envoys returned and replied that the chief of the Tolistobogii had requested the Romans not to invade his territory. He also claimed that he would attempt to negotiate the surrender of the other chiefs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D18_38.18]-39">[35]</a> The army marched deeper inland from the Alander river<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> and pitched camp near a Galatian stronghold called Cuballum/Caballum,<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> where Vulso had captured what is assumed to be a Galatian <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a>. While they were there, the Galatian cavalry attacked the army's <a href="/wiki/Vanguard" title="Vanguard">advance guard</a>, drove it back towards the Roman camp and caused significant casualties. The Roman cavalry counterattacked and drove back the Galatians, who might have broken their formations. The Galatian attack might have been intended for reconnaissance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020161-44">[40]</a> Vulso then arrived in <a href="/wiki/Abbassus" title="Abbassus">Abbassus</a>, on the border of the Galatian lands; here he began negotiations with Eposognatus, a chief of the Tolistobogii. Meanwhile Vulso and his army marched, within five days, through the Axylon, an area without trees.<a href="#cite_note-47">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell199523-48">[43]</a> He built a bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Sangarius_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangarius River">Sangarius River</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197453,_fn._5-49">[44]</a> and crossed over to its northern bank, where priests from <a href="/wiki/Pessinus" title="Pessinus">Pessinus</a> met him and prophesied his victory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197189-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_of_Mount_Olympus">Battle of Mount Olympus</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle of Mount Olympus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Olympus" title="Battle of Mount Olympus">Battle of Mount Olympus</a></div>The next day, the Romans and the Pergamese arrived at the city of <a href="/wiki/Gordion" title="Gordion">Gordion</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197190-50">[45]</a> and found it deserted; they nevertheless destroyed it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020162-51">[46]</a> While encamped there, they received a messenger sent by Eposognatus. The messenger reported that Eposognatus had failed in persuading the Galatians not to attack and that they were mustering nearby in the mountains.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D18_38.18]-39">[35]</a> The Tolistobogii and the <a href="/wiki/Trocmi" title="Trocmi">Trocmi</a>, the latter under the command of their chief Gaulotos, occupied Mount Olympus; while the <a href="/wiki/Tectosagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectosagi">Tectosagi</a> occupied another mountain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020160-52">[47]</a> This information was received from Oroanda, a <a href="/wiki/Phrygians" title="Phrygians">Phrygian</a> village in the region;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197190-50">[45]</a> Oroanda is thought to be located on the southwest bank of Lake Trogitis,<a href="#cite_note-53">[48]</a> modern day <a href="/wiki/Lake_Su%C4%9Fla" title="Lake Suğla">Lake Suğla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a> The location of Mount Olympus is thought to be either Çile Dağı, a hill located between Gordion and Ancyra;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarbyshireMitchellVardar200089,_fn._24-55">[50]</a> or Alis Daği in northern Galatia, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.55-56">[51]</a> On Mount Olympus, the Galatians had fortified themselves with a ditch and other defensive works.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020161-44">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarbyshireMitchellVardar200089-57">[52]</a> For the first two days after their arrival, the Romans scouted the mountains. During the Romans' first patrol, they were attacked by Galatian cavalry. The latter were twice the size of the Roman cavalry guarding the patrol, and the Romans were pushed back to their camp.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020162-51">[46]</a> The Galatians had deployed around 4,000 soldiers to hold a hill overlooking the route to Mount Olympus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.55-56">[51]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%87ile_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rolling mountainous landscape with roads passing through, annotated with the two sites present" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%C3%87ile_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1.jpg/220px-%C3%87ile_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%C3%87ile_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1.jpg/330px-%C3%87ile_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%C3%87ile_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1.jpg/440px-%C3%87ile_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>The Çile Dağı hill at top right, thought to be the site of the Battle of Mount Olympus, as seen from Gordion</figcaption></figure> On the third day, the Romans attacked the Galatian position with their <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a> from <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trallians_(tribe)" title="Trallians (tribe)">Trallia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_auxiliary" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman auxiliary">Roman auxiliary</a> archers, slingers and javelinists inflicted heavy losses on the poorly armored Galatians, while those who attempted to enter into close combat were overcome by the superior weapons and armor of the Roman <a href="/wiki/Velites" title="Velites">velites</a>. When the Roman <a href="/wiki/Legionary" title="Legionary">legionaries</a> finally stormed the Galatian camp, the defenders fled down the mountains; many fell down cliffs or succumbed to attacks by the Roman-allied cavalry at the foothills. Livy's text states that the Galatians lost 40,000 people either killed or captured during this battle. Grainger notes that Livy had doubted these figures,<a href="#cite_note-59">[f]</a> Grainger himself considers them to be exaggerated. A Roman unit arrived at the camp after the battle to retrieve the loot.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020163-60">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979239-61">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_of_Ancyra">Battle of Ancyra</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle of Ancyra">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey-kizilirmak.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A riverine map centred on modern Turkey, four rivers are highlighted in dark blue and a lake in light blue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Turkey-kizilirmak.svg/220px-Turkey-kizilirmak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Turkey-kizilirmak.svg/330px-Turkey-kizilirmak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Turkey-kizilirmak.svg/440px-Turkey-kizilirmak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption>A map of the course and tributaries of the Halys river, now known as the <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C4%B1rmak_River" title="Kızılırmak River">Kızılırmak</a> in modern day Turkey</figcaption></figure> After the Roman victory at Mount Olympus, the Tectosagi under the command of their chief Komboiomaros asked to meet Vulso for a conference halfway between their camp and <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ancyra</a>. The main aim of the conference for the Tectosagi was to delay the Roman attack so that their women and children could retreat across the <a href="/wiki/Halys_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Halys River">Halys river</a>. Their other aim was to assassinate Vulso at the conference. Enroute to the conference, the Romans saw the Galatian cavalry numbering around 1,000 soldiers charging at them. In the skirmish that followed, the Galatians overpowered Vulso's cavalry escort of 500 men.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197457-62">[56]</a> However, they were driven back when the cavalry numbering around 600 soldiers that had been accompanying the Roman foragers arrived and forced the Galatians to retreat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56-63">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020163-60">[54]</a> The Romans spent the next two days scouting the surrounding area and on the third day they met the Galatian army consisting of about 50,000 to more than 60,000 men;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56-63">[57]</a> Grainger is sceptical of this number. The Galatian cavalry had been deployed on the flanks but was used as infantry. The Romans started the battle by attacking again with their light infantry. The Galatians were once again attacked by long-range weapons; the Galatian center broke due to the first charge of the legions and fled to their camp. The flanks stood their grounds for longer but were eventually forced to retreat. The Romans chased them and plundered the Galatian camp<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020164-64">[58]</a> as the surviving Galatians fled across the river to join the women, children and the Trocmi gathered across the Halys river.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3827fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.27]-65">[59]</a> Eight thousand Galatians were killed and an unknown number were captured.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197191-66">[60]</a> The location of Mount Magaba, where this battle was fought, is thought to be <a href="/wiki/Elmada%C4%9F,_Ankara" title="Elmadağ, Ankara">Elmadağ</a>, a hill around 10 miles (16 km) to the east<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197456-67">[61]</a> of modern day Ankara.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarbyshireMitchellVardar200089,_fn._24-55">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56-63">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Apamea.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Political map in color of Asia Minor with kingdoms and states colored in different shades and a legend in German. Pergamum is shown in dark and light blue, Rhodes in dark and light green, the Taurus Mountains in dark grey, the Seleucid Empire in maroon, the courses of the Chalcedon and Maeander rivers are mapped in dark blue, Sarpedon Cape is marked. The Chalcedon serves as a border between Pergamum and the Seleucids, the Maeander as a border between Rhodes and Pergamum. The darker colored portions of Rhodes and Pergamum show their territorial extent before the Treaty of Apamea, the lighter colored portions show the extent after" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Treaty_of_Apamea.png/220px-Treaty_of_Apamea.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Treaty_of_Apamea.png/330px-Treaty_of_Apamea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Treaty_of_Apamea.png/440px-Treaty_of_Apamea.png 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Political map of Asia Minor after the Treaty of Apamea, legend in German</figcaption></figure> These two significant military defeats forced the Galatians to sue for peace. This campaign greatly enriched Vulso and his <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">legions</a> as the Galatians had gathered great wealth through their many conquests in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. The Galatians sent envoys to Vulso asking for peace but because winter was approaching, he had returned to Ephesus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3827fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.27]-65">[59]</a> Vulso remained in Asia Minor for another year. During that time he concluded the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Apamea" title="Treaty of Apamea">Treaty of Apamea</a> with Antiochus and divided the lands of the Asia Minor coast between Pergamum and <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979240-68">[62]</a> When the Galatian envoys came, Vulso told them that King <a href="/wiki/Eumenes_II" title="Eumenes II">Eumenes II</a> of Pergamum would give them the terms of the peace when he returned from Rome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3837fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.37]-69">[63]</a> The terms given to the Galatians at <a href="/wiki/Lampsacus" title="Lampsacus">Lampsacus</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell199524-70">[64]</a> were to cease their raids and to stay confined within their own lands, however, they were not put under Roman or allied control and were left free.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197191-66">[60]</a> Envoys from cities in Asia Minor settled by Greeks came to congratulate Vulso for his victory against the Gauls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979239–240-71">[65]</a> The envoys visited Vulso in the winter of either 189 or 188 BC, and gave him 212 golden wreaths as a gift.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrobel1996109–110-72">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chiomara" title="Chiomara">Chiomara</a> was the wife of Ortiagon, a Galatian chief. She was captured after the war by the Romans and raped by a <a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">centurion</a>. When he returned her to the Galatians for a ransom, she signaled to one of her tribesman, who then killed the centurion. Chiomara then gave the head of the centurion to her husband as proof of her revenge. The historian <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a> was very impressed with her and conversed with her at <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a>; the historian <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> also related this account in his essay titled Bravery of Women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERankin2002247-73">[67]</a> Vulso began his return journey to Rome in 188 BC and arrived in 187 BC. He returned via Thrace, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013149-74">[68]</a> On his return journey, he was attacked twice by Thracian thieves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014144-75">[69]</a> The first attack was at <a href="/wiki/Cypsela_(Thrace)" title="Cypsela (Thrace)">Cypsela</a> (now <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0psala" title="İpsala">İpsala</a>), where the middle of Vulso's column was attacked by 10,000 Thracians when the Roman <a href="/wiki/Vanguard" title="Vanguard">vanguard</a> had marched past the Thracian position and the <a href="/wiki/Rearguard" title="Rearguard">rearguard</a> had not yet come into their line of sight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56–2.1.57-76">[70]</a> The second attack by the Thracians was at Tempyra<a href="#cite_note-78">[g]</a> in southern Thrace, where the <a href="/wiki/Trausi" class="mw-redirect" title="Trausi">Trausi</a>/Thrausi, a Thracian tribe, were the attackers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.57-79">[72]</a> An unknown but significant quantity of loot was stolen by the Thracians and an unknown number of Vulso's men were killed, including <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Minucius_Thermus_(consul_193_BC)" title="Quintus Minucius Thermus (consul 193 BC)">Quintus Minucius Thermus</a>, a commissioner sent to advise on the Treaty of Apamea.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013149-74">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979241–243-80">[73]</a> When Vulso returned to Rome, he received much criticism because of his unauthorized war against the Galatians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135–136-81">[74]</a> However, he eventually overcame the opposition and was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a> by the Senate,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelikan_Pittenger200998–100-82">[75]</a> where the proposal to approve the triumph passed with a substantial majority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197460-83">[76]</a> At the triumph, a minimum of 52 Galatian chiefs were exhibited in chains. All soldiers of the army were paid 168 <a href="/wiki/Sestertius" title="Sestertius">sestertii</a> (equivalent to 42 <a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarii</a>)<a href="#cite_note-84">[h]</a> each from the spoils of war, officers were paid twice as much while cavaliers were paid thrice as much.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013164-85">[77]</a> The loot Vulso brought to Rome was used by the Roman Senate to pay off the debts it had incurred during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201345–46,_fn._120-86">[78]</a> The citizens were paid through a <a href="/wiki/Senatus_consultum" title="Senatus consultum">senatus consultum</a>, a resolution of the Roman Senate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2017159-87">[79]</a> The legionaries of Vulso's army, numbering around 10,000 men, were paid a second <a href="/wiki/Pay_(Roman_army)" title="Pay (Roman army)">stipendium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelmRoselaar2023206-88">[80]</a> The loot from this campaign paraded at Vulso's triumph included 2,400 pounds (1,100 kg) of gold crowns, 220,000 pounds (100,000 kg) of silver, 2,103 pounds (954 kg) of gold, 127,000 Attic <a href="/wiki/Tetradrachm" title="Tetradrachm">tetradrachmas</a>, 16,320 gold philippics and 250,000 Attalid coins.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2015130-89">[81]</a> The loot taken during this campaign was so large that all the Roman ships on the Anatolian coast could not carry it; Athenaeus had to provide the Pergamese fleet to carry the remainder.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197191–92-90">[82]</a> As a result of the campaign and its loot, Greco-Asiatic rituals<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201383-91">[83]</a> and luxury<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201381,_fn._219-92">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014137-93">[85]</a> began to be introduced to Rome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201384,_fn._226-94">[86]</a> Livy and other ancient historians blamed these influences for the moral decline of the Roman Republic. Livy had observed the following about the triumph and its consequences: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">These were the men who first brought into Rome bronze couches, expensive bedclothes, tapestries .... This was when girls playing harps and lutes began to appear at dinner parties ... and when a cook began to be a valued possession.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014137-93">[85]</a></blockquote>The historian Philip Kay argues that the loot brought by Manlius contributed to and drove increased spending on infrastructure, particularly by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_censor" title="Roman censor">censors</a> of 184, 179 and 174 BC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKay2014217–219,_233-95">[87]</a> Some projects named by Kay are the new port of and commercial infrastructure in Rome in the late 190s BC; the remodeling of the Roman sewerage system (the <a href="/wiki/Cloaca_Maxima" title="Cloaca Maxima">Cloaca Maxima</a>) with a total expenditure of 6 million denarii; the construction and renovation of roads in Italy; and the building of large structures such as the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_Porcia" title="Basilica Porcia">Basilica Porcia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pons_Aemilius" title="Pons Aemilius">Pons Aemilius</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_Aemilia" title="Basilica Aemilia">Basilica Aemilia</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Macellum" title="Macellum">Macellum</a> at an unnamed location in 179 BC, among others.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKay2014302-96">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Analysis">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategy_and_warfare">Strategy and warfare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Strategy and warfare">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demirkazik_Crest_of_Aladag_Mountains_in_Nigde_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ice covered mountains at the book, some trees at the centre and shrubs and ice at the front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Demirkazik_Crest_of_Aladag_Mountains_in_Nigde_Turkey.jpg/220px-Demirkazik_Crest_of_Aladag_Mountains_in_Nigde_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Demirkazik_Crest_of_Aladag_Mountains_in_Nigde_Turkey.jpg/330px-Demirkazik_Crest_of_Aladag_Mountains_in_Nigde_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Demirkazik_Crest_of_Aladag_Mountains_in_Nigde_Turkey.jpg/440px-Demirkazik_Crest_of_Aladag_Mountains_in_Nigde_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Taurus Mountains in central Anatolia</figcaption></figure> The historians John D. Grainger<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199523,_fn._1,_24-97">[89]</a> and Nels W. Førde<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979234-98">[90]</a> argue that most historians have accepted Livy's account of the war without critical analysis. Grainger points out that Livy had cited his account of the war in book 38 to <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Furius_Purpureo" title="Lucius Furius Purpureo">Lucius Furius Purpureo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Aemilius_Paullus_Macedonicus" title="Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus">Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus</a>, both of whom were political enemies of Vulso.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199523,_fn._1,_24-97">[89]</a> However, Livy also cited material from <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Claudius_Quadrigarius" title="Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius">Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius</a>, seen as a pro-Vulso historian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013151-99">[91]</a> Book 39, which dealt with the triumph celebrated by Vulso, has been speculated to have been sourced from <a href="/wiki/Valerius_Antias" title="Valerius Antias">Valerius Antias</a>, an anti-Vulso historian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201386,_fn._231-100">[92]</a> Grainger also argues that Livy, in all likelihood, had overstated the numbers of the Galatian combatants. He argues that Vulso had been sent to attack the Galatians only as a front, and that the actual intent was to use the presence of Roman troops on Seleucid territories to claim those territories for Rome and the allies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199538-101">[93]</a> Grainger further argues that Vulso had the powers to negotiate with the Galatians and all other kingdoms east of the <a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a>, which he wouldn't have had without approval from the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199539-102">[94]</a> Livy had written about a combined total of 4,000 soldiers deployed by Morzius (the prince of <a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a>) and king <a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_IV_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia">Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia</a> being present near Ancyra. Grainger argues that these forces, allies of the Galatians and Seleucids, could have pulled the Romans into a war further into the Seleucid inner territories, where they would have had difficulty defending themselves against an attack by the Seleucids and their allies. Grainger further argues that only when a peace with the Seleucids was finally concluded did Vulso move from his position near Galatia, where he could have performed a <a href="/wiki/Flanking_maneuver" title="Flanking maneuver">flanking</a> movement on any Seleucid reinforcements or armies arriving from Syria.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199538–39-103">[95]</a> The historian <a href="/wiki/Felix_St%C3%A4helin" title="Felix Stähelin">Felix Stähelin</a> notes that the <a href="/wiki/Rhodians" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodians">Rhodians</a> suspected that the war with Galatians had been conducted partly for the benefit of the Attalids. He notes that <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> had sent a pamphlet to the Rhodians to this effect, perhaps to instigate them against Rome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197460,_fn._6-104">[96]</a> Grainger states that the Galatians had followed plans and their commanders had maintained control during both battles. He cites Livy who had observed that the Galatians had relied entirely on passive defenses against a possible siege, but had not armed themselves with long range ballistic weapons. Grainger notes that their cavalry had been very effective,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020161-44">[40]</a> but they had used it erringly at Ancyra as infantry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020164-64">[58]</a> Grainger argues that the strategy of the Galatians had been to keep the Roman army in the vicinity of their mountainous strongholds till winter arrived, when they would be cut off.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020164-64">[58]</a> However, he writes that the Galatians had been either incompetent at or unaware of <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">military tactics</a> and the weapons in use at the time. He observes that the Galatians opted for <a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">mountain warfare</a> even though their cavalry could have been used more impactfully on open fields. He uses these facts to posit that the Galatians had given up the frequent raids they had been known for.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020165-105">[97]</a> The historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Strobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Strobel (page does not exist)">Karl Strobel</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Strobel" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Strobel">de</a>], however, contends that the Galatians had resumed their raids in Asia Minor at the beginning of the 2nd century BC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrobel199658,_fn._17-106">[98]</a> He also argues that Vulso's victories have been overstated in ancient and modern literature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrobel199668,_fn._55-107">[99]</a> The historian <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Heinen" title="Heinz Heinen">Heinz Heinen</a> argues that Vulso's campaign completed the long historical process of confining the Galatians to Galatia; their first settlements in Asia Minor had been in the coastal regions. Heinen also argues that Vulso's campaign put an end to the "great age of the Celtic mercenary".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinen1984424–425-108">[100]</a> Strobel, however, contends that the Galatians had probably settled in Galatia out of their own will.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrobel199680-109">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logistics_and_finances">Logistics and finances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Logistics and finances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulso%27s_Advance_in_the_Galatian_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A color map centered on western Asia Minor/Turkey. The provinces are marked in different colors and lines with arrows at their end indicate the cities Vulso passed by on his march" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vulso%27s_Advance_in_the_Galatian_War.jpg/220px-Vulso%27s_Advance_in_the_Galatian_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vulso%27s_Advance_in_the_Galatian_War.jpg/330px-Vulso%27s_Advance_in_the_Galatian_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vulso%27s_Advance_in_the_Galatian_War.jpg/440px-Vulso%27s_Advance_in_the_Galatian_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2404" data-file-height="2737" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the route most likely to be the one Vulso took on his march to Galatia</figcaption></figure> Livy notes that after marching from Antiochia, it took the Roman allied army three days to cover a distance of 20 <a href="/wiki/Mile#Roman" title="Mile">Roman miles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-111">[i]</a> a pace of 6 and 1/3rd miles a day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979235-11">[11]</a> Livy states that the army had marched at the speed of five miles a day from Acoridos Come to Beudos. Grainger argues this is likely an understatement; the army had covered the 50 miles between the two cities in four days, it had then marched 48 miles in the subsequent three days. This is a distance of 98 miles covered in seven days, with the average pace being 14 miles a day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199536–37,_fn._41-112">[103]</a> The archaeologist George Ewart Bean cites the British archaeologist <a href="/wiki/William_Mitchell_Ramsay" title="William Mitchell Ramsay">William Mitchell Ramsay</a> for retracing Vulso's route; both of them had travelled through the modern locations corresponding to the places Vulso had marched past. Ramsay had proposed that Vulso had travelled from Sinda via <a href="/wiki/Comama" title="Comama">Comama</a>, Pogla and Andeda to reach Cormasa. Bean posits that the route Vulso had most likely used was via modern day <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Crk%C3%BCtl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ürkütlü (page does not exist)">Ürkütlü</a> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Crk%C3%BCtl%C3%BC,_Bucak" class="extiw" title="tr:Ürkütlü, Bucak">tr</a>] to Hacıbekâr, then going northward, crossing the Samasbeli Pass and reaching the heights around <a href="/wiki/Aziziye,_Burdur" title="Aziziye, Burdur">Aziziye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bozlar,_Burdur" title="Bozlar, Burdur">Bozlar</a>. Bean posits that Vulso would then have marched from modern Aziziye to the Lysis river valley between <a href="/wiki/Kozluca,_Burdur" title="Kozluca, Burdur">Kozluca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elmac%C4%B1k,_Kemer" title="Elmacık, Kemer">Elmacık</a>, and then finally to Cormasa. Bean notes that this march from Ürkütlü to Cormasa took Vulso two days according to Livy, and that Vulso then marched to the territory of Sagalassus near modern day <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Düver (page does not exist)">Düver</a> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCver,_Kocasinan" class="extiw" title="tr:Düver, Kocasinan">tr</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Yar%C4%B1k%C3%B6y,_Burdur" title="Yarıköy, Burdur">Yazıköy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1986115–116-113">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antalya_kalei%C3%A7i_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An harbor with multiple trees and buildings on the land, and numerous boats docked behind a breakwater, two small ships on the open sea are in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Antalya_kalei%C3%A7i_2.jpg/220px-Antalya_kalei%C3%A7i_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Antalya_kalei%C3%A7i_2.jpg/330px-Antalya_kalei%C3%A7i_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Antalya_kalei%C3%A7i_2.jpg/440px-Antalya_kalei%C3%A7i_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The harbor in Attalia, modern day Antalya, where Vulso may have received his supplies</figcaption></figure> Førde argues that the army had marched south towards Termessos to receive supplies from Roman ships docking at the port of Attalia (modern day <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>), which may have been carrying materials received through the <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithe</a> levied on <a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Roman Sicily</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979236-114">[105]</a> He also argues that one of the reasons why the army had camped at <a href="/wiki/Abbassus" title="Abbassus">Abbassus</a>, on the border with the Galatians, was to receive supplies sent from Attalia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979238-115">[106]</a> Grainger has used details provided by Livy to calculate the total loot taken during the campaigns in Asia Minor. Vulso's distribution of the loot to the soldiers was estimated at 308 talents or 18.5 million denarii,<a href="#cite_note-116">[j]</a> the government's share of the loot after making these distributions was estimated at 26.3 talents of gold and 264.1 talents of silver.<a href="#cite_note-118">[k]</a> Vulso's share of the loot is unknown but is thought to be substantial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199542-119">[108]</a> Vulso also had to pay a year's extra salary to his army on their return to Rome as pledged by Scipio; an infantryman's yearly pay was 108 denarii in this period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelmRoselaar2023236-120">[109]</a> The historian Michael Taylor arrives at an estimate of ~24 million denarii for the value of Vulso's loot and ~2.6 million denarii for the value of the distributions to the soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2015130-89">[81]</a> Taylor estimates that the remaining 21.6 million denarii were distributed as repayments to Roman citizens; the formula used by the <a href="/wiki/Urban_quaestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban quaestor">urban quaestors</a> of the Roman government was refunding every <a href="/wiki/Adsidui" title="Adsidui">assidui</a> 25.5 <a href="/wiki/As_(Roman_coin)" title="As (Roman coin)">asses</a> for every 1000 asses of the assessed value of their property.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2017159-87">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[l]</a> This calculation has been inverted to arrive at an estimate of 900 million denarii for the total valuation of the property held by Roman taxpayers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelmRoselaar2023207-122">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> There were "3,000 auxiliaries contributed by the <a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> and king Eumenes, 800 Pergamene cavalry, 500 Tralli and Cretans, and 2,000 Macedonian and Thracian volunteers" in Scipio's army before the Battle of Magnesia. Grainger says there could have been ~5,000 allied soldiers in Vulso's army before the start of the campaign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199526-12">[12]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> One medimnos of wheat weighed around 41 kilograms (90 lb).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291-18">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Possibly the Çavdir Çay river according to historian David Magie.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagie19501157-21">[19]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> One medimnos of wheat weighed about 41 kilograms (90 lb), whereas one medimnoi of barley weighed around 32.5 kilograms (72 lb).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291-18">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> The historian Stephen Mitchell postulates that the location of Axylon is either "the <a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir" title="Eskişehir">Eskişehir</a> plain" or "the <a href="/wiki/Haymana" title="Haymana">Haymana</a> district and the central plateau".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell199524,_fn._124-45">[41]</a> The historian David Magie notes that: "As used by modern writers, however, the Axylon denotes the 'steppe' extending from the hills north of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ak%C5%9Fehir" title="Lake Akşehir">Lake Akşehir</a> eastward to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tuz" title="Lake Tuz">Lake Tatta</a> and southward to <a href="/wiki/Laodicea_Combusta" title="Laodicea Combusta">Laodiceia Catacecaumene</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagie19501307,_n._8-46">[42]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> The historian Stephen Mitchell notes: "40,000 according to Claudius Antipater; 10,000 according to the usually generous Valerius Antias, but Livy stresses the difficulty in computing the number of casualties. Prisoners could be more easily reckoned."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell199524,_fn._126-58">[53]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Tempyra was located to the east of <a href="/wiki/Sale_(Thrace)" title="Sale (Thrace)">Sale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Bredow2006-77">[71]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> One denarius had around 4.49 grams (0.158 oz) of silver.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291-18">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> A Roman mile is equivalent to around 0.92 miles (1.48 km; 4,900 ft; 1,620 yd).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankopanPothecary2024xli-110">[102]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> One denarius had around 4.49 grams (0.158 oz) of silver.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291-18">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> A talent weighed around 22.42 kilograms (49.4 lb).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Reden2014270-117">[107]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> One denarius had around 4.49 grams (0.158 oz) of silver.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291-18">[17]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135_1-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFWaterfield2014">Waterfield 2014</a>, p. 135. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199525-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199525_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199525_2-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199525,_29-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199525,_29_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, pp. 25, 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199528-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199528_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979233,_fn._10-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979233,_fn._10_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFørde1979">Førde 1979</a>, p. 233, fn. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199527-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199527_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533_7-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199523–24-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199523–24_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, pp. 23–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197189-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197189_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197189_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197189_9-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHansen1971">Hansen 1971</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013133-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013133_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, p. 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979235-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979235_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979235_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFørde1979">Førde 1979</a>, p. 235. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199526-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199526_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199526_12-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201326,_174-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201326,_174_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, pp. 26, 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D12_38.12]-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D12_38.12]_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivy">Livy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0166%3Abook%3D38%3Achapter%3D12">38.12</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199534-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199534_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013131-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013131_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, p. 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathbone2014291_18-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFRathbone2014">Rathbone 2014</a>, p. 291. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D14_38.14]-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D14_38.14]_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivy">Livy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0166%3Abook%3D38%3Achapter%3D14">38.14</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagie19501157-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagie19501157_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagie19501157_21-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagie1950">Magie 1950</a>, p. 1157. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archli.com/dictionary/dictionary-of-greek-and-roman-geography/Cobulatus-120454">"Cobulatus | Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography"</a>. Archli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240728084506/https://archli.com/dictionary/dictionary-of-greek-and-roman-geography/Cobulatus-120454">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 2024-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archli&rft.atitle=Cobulatus+%7C+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchli.com%2Fdictionary%2Fdictionary-of-greek-and-roman-geography%2FCobulatus-120454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolybius[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPlb2135_21.35]-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolybius[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPlb2135_21.35]_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolybius">Polybius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plb.+21.35">21.35</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199534–35-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199534–35_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, pp. 34–35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBean1959114–116.-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBean1959114–116._26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBean1959">Bean 1959</a>, pp. 114–116.For the location of Cormasa, see pages 91–97 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1986141–142,_fn._5-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1986141–142,_fn._5_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHall1986">Hall 1986</a>, pp. 141–142, fn. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossMitchell2017" class="citation web cs1">Foss, C.; Mitchell, S. (2017-10-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638974">"Lysis (river): a Pleiades place resource"</a>. Pleiades: a gazetteer of past places. R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240627095758/https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638974">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 2024-06-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pleiades%3A+a+gazetteer+of+past+places&rft.atitle=Lysis+%28river%29%3A+a+Pleiades+place+resource&rft.date=2017-10-27&rft.aulast=Foss&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpleiades.stoa.org%2Fplaces%2F638974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199535-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199535_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199535_29-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:alphabetic+letter=X:entry+group=1:entry=xyline-come-geo">"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Xanthus, Xanthus, Xyline Come"</a>. Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240514014422/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DX%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dxyline-come-geo">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perseus+Digital+Library%2C+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography+%281854%29%2C+Xanthus%2C+Xanthus%2C+Xyline+Come&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic%2Bletter%3DX%3Aentry%2Bgroup%3D1%3Aentry%3Dxyline-come-geo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagie19501158-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagie19501158_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagie1950">Magie 1950</a>, p. 1158. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolybius[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990102343Abook3D213Achapter3D36_21.36]-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolybius[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990102343Abook3D213Achapter3D36_21.36]_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolybius">Polybius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0234%3Abook%3D21%3Achapter%3D36">21.36</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533,_35-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199533,_35_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, pp. 33, 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199535,_fn._3-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199535,_fn._3_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 35, fn. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014138-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014138_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWaterfield2014">Waterfield 2014</a>, p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3815fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.15]-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3815fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.15]_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivy">Livy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.+38+15&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0166">38.15</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199536-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199536_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D18_38.18]-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D18_38.18]_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D18_38.18]_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocPerseus3Atext3A19990201663Abook3D383Achapter3D18_38.18]_39-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivy">Livy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0166%3Abook%3D38%3Achapter%3D18">38.18</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197188-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197188_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHansen1971">Hansen 1971</a>, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020159–160-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020159–160_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger2020">Grainger 2020</a>, pp. 159–160. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:id=alander-geo">"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Abacaenum, Alanader"</a>. Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319155610/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:id=alander-geohttps://web.archive.org/web/20230319155610/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:id=alander-geo">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 2024-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perseus+Digital+Library%2C+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography+%281854%29%2C+Abacaenum%2C+Alanader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aid%3Dalander-geo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=cuballum-geo">"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Cuballum"</a>. Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230104201813/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=cuballum-geo">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 2024-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perseus+Digital+Library%2C+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography+%281854%29%2C+Cuballum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aentry%3Dcuballum-geo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020161-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020161_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020161_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020161_44-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger2020">Grainger 2020</a>, p. 161. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell199524,_fn._124-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell199524,_fn._124_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitchell1995">Mitchell 1995</a>, p. 24, fn. 124. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagie19501307,_n._8-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagie19501307,_n._8_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagie1950">Magie 1950</a>, p. 1307, n. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell199523-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell199523_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitchell1995">Mitchell 1995</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197453,_fn._5-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStähelin197453,_fn._5_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStähelin1974">Stähelin 1974</a>, p. 53, fn. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197190-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197190_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197190_50-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHansen1971">Hansen 1971</a>, p. 90. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020162-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020162_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020162_51-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger2020">Grainger 2020</a>, p. 162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020160-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020160_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger2020">Grainger 2020</a>, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=oroanda-geo">"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Oroanda"</a>. Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240606043447/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=oroanda-geo">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 2024-07-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perseus+Digital+Library%2C+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography+%281854%29%2C+Oroanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aentry%3Doroanda-geo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamsay1930" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Mitchell_Ramsay" title="William Mitchell Ramsay">Ramsay, William Mitchell</a> (1930-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/klio.1930.23.23.98/html">"Trogitis or Soghla-Göl (Marsh-Lake), also called Seidi-Sheher-Göl, Kara-Viran-Göl"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Klio_(journal)" title="Klio (journal)">Klio</a>. 23 (23): 98–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1524%2Fklio.1930.23.23.98">10.1524/klio.1930.23.23.98</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2192-7669">2192-7669</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Klio&rft.atitle=Trogitis+or+Soghla-G%C3%B6l+%28Marsh-Lake%29%2C+also+called+Seidi-Sheher-G%C3%B6l%2C+Kara-Viran-G%C3%B6l&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=98-99&rft.date=1930-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1524%2Fklio.1930.23.23.98&rft.issn=2192-7669&rft.aulast=Ramsay&rft.aufirst=William+Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1524%2Fklio.1930.23.23.98%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarbyshireMitchellVardar200089,_fn._24-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarbyshireMitchellVardar200089,_fn._24_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarbyshireMitchellVardar200089,_fn._24_55-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarbyshireMitchellVardar2000">Darbyshire, Mitchell & Vardar 2000</a>, p. 89, fn. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.55-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.55_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.55_56-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMontagu2015">Montagu 2015</a>, p. 2.1.55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarbyshireMitchellVardar200089-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarbyshireMitchellVardar200089_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarbyshireMitchellVardar2000">Darbyshire, Mitchell & Vardar 2000</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell199524,_fn._126-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell199524,_fn._126_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitchell1995">Mitchell 1995</a>, p. 24, fn. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020163-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020163_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020163_60-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger2020">Grainger 2020</a>, p. 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979239-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979239_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFørde1979">Førde 1979</a>, p. 239. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197457-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStähelin197457_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStähelin1974">Stähelin 1974</a>, p. 57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56_63-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMontagu2015">Montagu 2015</a>, p. 2.1.56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020164-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020164_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020164_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020164_64-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger2020">Grainger 2020</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3827fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.27]-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3827fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.27]_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3827fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.27]_65-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivy">Livy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.+38+27&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0166">38.27</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197191-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197191_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197191_66-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHansen1971">Hansen 1971</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197456-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStähelin197456_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStähelin1974">Stähelin 1974</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979240-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979240_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFørde1979">Førde 1979</a>, p. 240. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3837fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.37]-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy[httpswwwperseustuftseduhoppertextdocLiv3837fromdocPerseus3Atext3A1999020166_38.37]_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivy">Livy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.+38+37&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0166">38.37</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell199524-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell199524_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitchell1995">Mitchell 1995</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979239–240-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979239–240_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFørde1979">Førde 1979</a>, pp. 239–240. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrobel1996109–110-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrobel1996109–110_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStrobel1996">Strobel 1996</a>, pp. 109–110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERankin2002247-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERankin2002247_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRankin2002">Rankin 2002</a>, p. 247. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013149-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013149_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013149_74-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014144-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014144_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWaterfield2014">Waterfield 2014</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56–2.1.57-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.56–2.1.57_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMontagu2015">Montagu 2015</a>, pp. 2.1.56–2.1.57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Bredow2006-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Bredow2006_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFvon_Bredow2006">von Bredow 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.57-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontagu20152.1.57_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMontagu2015">Montagu 2015</a>, p. 2.1.57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979241–243-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979241–243_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFørde1979">Førde 1979</a>, pp. 241–243. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135–136-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014135–136_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWaterfield2014">Waterfield 2014</a>, pp. 135–136. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelikan_Pittenger200998–100-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelikan_Pittenger200998–100_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPelikan_Pittenger2009">Pelikan Pittenger 2009</a>, pp. 98–100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197460-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStähelin197460_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStähelin1974">Stähelin 1974</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013164-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013164_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201345–46,_fn._120-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201345–46,_fn._120_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, pp. 45–46, fn. 120. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2017159-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2017159_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2017159_87-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2017">Taylor 2017</a>, p. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelmRoselaar2023206-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelmRoselaar2023206_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHelmRoselaar2023">Helm & Roselaar 2023</a>, p. 206. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2015130-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2015130_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2015130_89-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2015">Taylor 2015</a>, p. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197191–92-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197191–92_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHansen1971">Hansen 1971</a>, pp. 91–92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201383-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201383_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201381,_fn._219-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201381,_fn._219_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, p. 81, fn. 219. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014137-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014137_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaterfield2014137_93-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWaterfield2014">Waterfield 2014</a>, p. 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201384,_fn._226-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201384,_fn._226_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, p. 84, fn. 226. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKay2014217–219,_233-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKay2014217–219,_233_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKay2014">Kay 2014</a>, pp. 217–219, 233. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKay2014302-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKay2014302_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKay2014">Kay 2014</a>, p. 302. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199523,_fn._1,_24-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199523,_fn._1,_24_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199523,_fn._1,_24_97-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, pp. 23, fn. 1, 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979234-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979234_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFørde1979">Førde 1979</a>, p. 234. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013151-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci2013151_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, p. 151. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201386,_fn._231-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenicucci201386,_fn._231_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMenicucci2013">Menicucci 2013</a>, p. 86, fn. 231. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199538-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199538_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199539-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199539_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199538–39-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199538–39_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, pp. 38–39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStähelin197460,_fn._6-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStähelin197460,_fn._6_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStähelin1974">Stähelin 1974</a>, p. 60, fn. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020165-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2020165_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger2020">Grainger 2020</a>, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrobel199658,_fn._17-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrobel199658,_fn._17_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStrobel1996">Strobel 1996</a>, p. 58, fn. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrobel199668,_fn._55-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrobel199668,_fn._55_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStrobel1996">Strobel 1996</a>, p. 68, fn. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinen1984424–425-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinen1984424–425_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeinen1984">Heinen 1984</a>, pp. 424–425. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrobel199680-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrobel199680_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStrobel1996">Strobel 1996</a>, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankopanPothecary2024xli-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankopanPothecary2024xli_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrankopanPothecary2024">Frankopan & Pothecary 2024</a>, p. xli. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199536–37,_fn._41-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199536–37,_fn._41_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, pp. 36–37, fn. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1986115–116-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1986115–116_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHall1986">Hall 1986</a>, pp. 115–116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979236-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979236_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFørde1979">Førde 1979</a>, p. 236. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFørde1979238-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFørde1979238_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFørde1979">Førde 1979</a>, p. 238. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Reden2014270-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Reden2014270_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFvon_Reden2014">von Reden 2014</a>, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger199542-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger199542_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrainger1995">Grainger 1995</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelmRoselaar2023236-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelmRoselaar2023236_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHelmRoselaar2023">Helm & Roselaar 2023</a>, p. 236. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelmRoselaar2023207-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelmRoselaar2023207_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHelmRoselaar2023">Helm & Roselaar 2023</a>, p. 207. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Primary sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivy" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> (2005). <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hugh_McDonald" title="Alexander Hugh McDonald">McDonald, Alexander Hugh</a> (ed.). Rome and the Mediterranean: Books XXXI to XLV. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Bettenson" title="Henry S. Bettenson">Bettenson, Henry S.</a> Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141960814" title="Special:BookSources/9780141960814"><bdi>9780141960814</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+and+the+Mediterranean%3A+Books+XXXI+to+XLV&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780141960814&rft.au=Livy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolybius" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Ian_Scott-Kilvert" title="Ian Scott-Kilvert">Scott-Kilvert, Ian</a>; <a href="/wiki/Betty_Radice" title="Betty Radice">Radice, Betty</a> (eds.). The Rise of the Roman Empire. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Walbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank W. Walbank">Walbank, Frank W.</a> Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141920504" title="Special:BookSources/9780141920504"><bdi>9780141920504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780141920504&rft.au=Polybius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankopanPothecary2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (2024). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Frankopan" title="Peter Frankopan">Frankopan, Peter</a> (ed.). Strabo's Geography: A Translation for the Modern World. Translated by Pothecary, Sarah. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbook.124889">10.1353/book.124889</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691243139" title="Special:BookSources/9780691243139"><bdi>9780691243139</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.9669315">jj.9669315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strabo%27s+Geography%3A+A+Translation+for+the+Modern+World&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fjj.9669315%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fbook.124889&rft.isbn=9780691243139&rft.au=Strabo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Secondary sources">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFørde1979" class="citation book cs1">Førde, Nels W. (1979). "Cn. Manlius Vulso and the Middle Bloc during the Second Century BC". In Powell Jr., Marvin A.; Sack, Ronald H. (eds.). Studies in honor of Tom B. Jones. Alten Orient und Alten Testament no. 203. Neukirchener Verlag. pp. 231–244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783788705602" title="Special:BookSources/9783788705602"><bdi>9783788705602</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cn.+Manlius+Vulso+and+the+Middle+Bloc+during+the+Second+Century+BC&rft.btitle=Studies+in+honor+of+Tom+B.+Jones&rft.series=Alten+Orient+und+Alten+Testament+no.+203&rft.pages=231-244&rft.pub=Neukirchener+Verlag&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9783788705602&rft.aulast=F%C3%B8rde&rft.aufirst=Nels+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrainger2020" class="citation book cs1">Grainger, John D. (2020). The Galatians: Celtic Invaders of Greece and Asia Minor. Pen & Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526770714" title="Special:BookSources/9781526770714"><bdi>9781526770714</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Galatians%3A+Celtic+Invaders+of+Greece+and+Asia+Minor&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781526770714&rft.aulast=Grainger&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Esther_V._Hansen" title="Esther V. Hansen">Hansen, Esther Violet</a> (1971). The Attalids of Pergamon. Cornell Studies in Classical Philology. Vol. 36 (2nd ed.). Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801406157" title="Special:BookSources/9780801406157"><bdi>9780801406157</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.cttq4444">10.7591/j.cttq4444</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Attalids+of+Pergamon&rft.series=Cornell+Studies+in+Classical+Philology&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7591%2Fj.cttq4444%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9780801406157&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Esther+Violet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinen1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Heinen" title="Heinz Heinen">Heinen, Heinz</a> (1984). "The Syrian-Egyptian Wars and the new kingdoms of Asia Minor". In <a href="/wiki/F._W._Walbank" title="F. W. Walbank">Walbank, Frank W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maxwell_Ogilvie" title="Robert Maxwell Ogilvie">Ogilvie, Robert Maxwell</a>; Frederiksen, M. W.; Astin, A. E. (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="The Cambridge Ancient History">The Cambridge Ancient History</a>. Vol. VII, Part I: The Hellenistic World (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 412–445. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCHOL9780521234450.015">10.1017/CHOL9780521234450.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521234450" title="Special:BookSources/9780521234450"><bdi>9780521234450</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Syrian-Egyptian+Wars+and+the+new+kingdoms+of+Asia+Minor&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.pages=412-445&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCHOL9780521234450.015&rft.isbn=9780521234450&rft.aulast=Heinen&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelmRoselaar2023" class="citation book cs1">Helm, Marian; Roselaar, Saskia T., eds. (2023). Spoils in the Roman Republic: Boon and Bane. Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25162%2F9783515133708">10.25162/9783515133708</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783515133692" title="Special:BookSources/9783515133692"><bdi>9783515133692</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spoils+in+the+Roman+Republic%3A+Boon+and+Bane&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25162%2F9783515133708&rft.isbn=9783515133692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKay2014" class="citation book cs1">Kay, Philip (2014). <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bowman_(classicist)" title="Alan Bowman (classicist)">Bowman, Alan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(classical_archaeologist)" title="Andrew Wilson (classical archaeologist)">Wilson, Andrew</a> (eds.). Rome's Economic Revolution. Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199681549.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199681549.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199681549" title="Special:BookSources/9780199681549"><bdi>9780199681549</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome%27s+Economic+Revolution&rft.series=Oxford+Studies+on+the+Roman+Economy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199681549.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780199681549&rft.aulast=Kay&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagie1950" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Magie, David (1950). Roman Rule in Asia Minor. Vol. 2 (Notes): To the End of the Third Century After Christ. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781400887743">10.1515/9781400887743</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691655031" title="Special:BookSources/9780691655031"><bdi>9780691655031</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1m3p0n4">j.ctt1m3p0n4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Rule+in+Asia+Minor&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1m3p0n4%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781400887743&rft.isbn=9780691655031&rft.aulast=Magie&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Mitchell, Stephen (1995). Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor. Vol. I: The Celts in Anatolia and the Impact of Roman Rule. Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198140801.001.0001">10.1093/oso/9780198140801.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198150299" title="Special:BookSources/9780198150299"><bdi>9780198150299</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatolia%3A+Land%2C+Men%2C+and+Gods+in+Asia+Minor&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198140801.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780198150299&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontagu2015" class="citation book cs1">Montagu, John Drogo (2015). Battles of The Greek and Roman Worlds: A Chronological Compendium of 667 Battles to 31 BC From the Historians of the Ancient World. Pen & Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848327900" title="Special:BookSources/9781848327900"><bdi>9781848327900</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+The+Greek+and+Roman+Worlds%3A+A+Chronological+Compendium+of+667+Battles+to+31+BC+From+the+Historians+of+the+Ancient+World&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781848327900&rft.aulast=Montagu&rft.aufirst=John+Drogo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelikan_Pittenger2009" class="citation book cs1">Pelikan Pittenger, Miriam R. (2009). r. Pelikan Pittenger, Miriam (ed.). Contested Triumphs: Politics, Pageantry, and Performance in Livy's Republican Rome. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2F9780520942776">10.1525/9780520942776</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520942776" title="Special:BookSources/9780520942776"><bdi>9780520942776</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Triumphs%3A+Politics%2C+Pageantry%2C+and+Performance+in+Livy%27s+Republican+Rome&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2F9780520942776&rft.isbn=9780520942776&rft.aulast=Pelikan+Pittenger&rft.aufirst=Miriam+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankin2002" class="citation book cs1">Rankin, David (2002). Celts and the Classical World. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203441985">10.4324/9780203441985</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134747214" title="Special:BookSources/9781134747214"><bdi>9781134747214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celts+and+the+Classical+World&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203441985&rft.isbn=9781134747214&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRathbone2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Rathbone" title="Dominic Rathbone">Rathbone, Dominic</a> (2014). "Mediterranean Grain Prices c. 300 to 31 BC: the Impact of Rome". In Baker, Heather D.; Jursa, Michael (eds.). Documentary Sources in Ancient Near Eastern and Greco-Roman Economic History: Methodology and Practice. Oxbow Books. pp. 289–312. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dn9m.16">10.2307/j.ctvh1dn9m.16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782976516" title="Special:BookSources/9781782976516"><bdi>9781782976516</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvh1dn9m.16">j.ctvh1dn9m.16</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mediterranean+Grain+Prices+c.+300+to+31+BC%3A+the+Impact+of+Rome&rft.btitle=Documentary+Sources+in+Ancient+Near+Eastern+and+Greco-Roman+Economic+History%3A+Methodology+and+Practice&rft.pages=289-312&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvh1dn9m.16%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dn9m.16&rft.isbn=9781782976516&rft.aulast=Rathbone&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStähelin1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Felix_St%C3%A4helin" title="Felix Stähelin">Stähelin, Felix</a> (1974). Geschichte der kleinasiatischen Galater [History of the Galatians of Asia Minor] (in German). Otto Zeller. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783535012786" title="Special:BookSources/9783535012786"><bdi>9783535012786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+kleinasiatischen+Galater&rft.pub=Otto+Zeller&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9783535012786&rft.aulast=St%C3%A4helin&rft.aufirst=Felix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrobel1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Strobel" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Strobel">Strobel, Karl</a> [in German] (1996). Die Galater: Geschichte und Eigenart der keltischen Staatenbildung auf dem Boden des hellenistischen Kleinasien [The Galatians: History and characteristics of the formation of Celtic states on the soil of Hellenistic Asia Minor] (in German). Vol. 1: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte und historischen Geographie des hellenistischen und römischen Kleinasien I [Investigations into the history and historical geography of Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor I]. Akademie Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783050069999">10.1515/9783050069999</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783050025438" title="Special:BookSources/9783050025438"><bdi>9783050025438</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Galater%3A+Geschichte+und+Eigenart+der+keltischen+Staatenbildung+auf+dem+Boden+des+hellenistischen+Kleinasien&rft.pub=Akademie+Verlag&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783050069999&rft.isbn=9783050025438&rft.aulast=Strobel&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Bredow2006" class="citation book cs1">von Bredow, Iris (1 October 2006). Tempyra. <a href="/wiki/Brill%27s_New_Pauly" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill's New Pauly">Brill's New Pauly</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1203680">10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1203680</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1574-9347">1574-9347</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tempyra&rft.series=Brill%27s+New+Pauly&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1203680&rft.issn=1574-9347&rft.aulast=von+Bredow&rft.aufirst=Iris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Reden2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sitta_von_Reden" title="Sitta von Reden">von Reden, Sitta</a> (2014). "Wheat Prices in Ptolemaic Egypt". In Baker, Heather D.; Jursa, Michael (eds.). Documentary Sources in Ancient Near Eastern and Greco-Roman Economic History: Methodology and Practice. Oxbow Books. pp. 260–288. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dn9m.17">10.2307/j.ctvh1dn9m.17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782976516" title="Special:BookSources/9781782976516"><bdi>9781782976516</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvh1dn9m.17">j.ctvh1dn9m.17</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wheat+Prices+in+Ptolemaic+Egypt&rft.btitle=Documentary+Sources+in+Ancient+Near+Eastern+and+Greco-Roman+Economic+History%3A+Methodology+and+Practice&rft.pages=260-288&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvh1dn9m.17%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dn9m.17&rft.isbn=9781782976516&rft.aulast=von+Reden&rft.aufirst=Sitta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterfield2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Waterfield" title="Robin Waterfield">Waterfield, Robin</a> (2014). Taken at the Flood: The Roman Conquest of Greece. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191664144" title="Special:BookSources/9780191664144"><bdi>9780191664144</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taken+at+the+Flood%3A+The+Roman+Conquest+of+Greece&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780191664144&rft.aulast=Waterfield&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Research_papers_and_theses">Research papers and theses</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatian_War&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Research papers and theses">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBean1959" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ewart_Bean" title="George Ewart Bean">Bean, George Ewart</a> (1959). "Notes and Inscriptions from Pisidia. Part I". <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Studies" title="Anatolian Studies">Anatolian Studies</a>. 9: 67–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3642333">10.2307/3642333</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3642333">3642333</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anatolian+Studies&rft.atitle=Notes+and+Inscriptions+from+Pisidia.+Part+I&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=67-117&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3642333&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3642333%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bean&rft.aufirst=George+Ewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarbyshireMitchellVardar2000" class="citation journal cs1">Darbyshire, Gareth; Mitchell, Stephen; Vardar, Levent (2000). "The Galatian Settlement in Asia Minor". <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Studies" title="Anatolian Studies">Anatolian Studies</a>. 50: 75–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3643015">10.2307/3643015</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3643015">3643015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anatolian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Galatian+Settlement+in+Asia+Minor&rft.volume=50&rft.pages=75-97&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3643015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3643015%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Darbyshire&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Vardar%2C+Levent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrainger1995" class="citation journal cs1">Grainger, John D. (1995). "The Campaign of Cn. 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(1986). "R.E.C.A.M. Notes and Studies No. 9: The Milyadeis and Their Territory". <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Studies" title="Anatolian Studies">Anatolian Studies</a>. 36: 137–157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3642831">10.2307/3642831</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3642831">3642831</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anatolian+Studies&rft.atitle=R.E.C.A.M.+Notes+and+Studies+No.+9%3A+The+Milyadeis+and+Their+Territory&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=137-157&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3642831&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3642831%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Alan+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenicucci2013" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Menicucci, Chiara (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/14706219.pdf">Cn. Manlio Vulsone e i grandi cambiamenti della sua epoca (Cn. Manlius Vulso and the great changes of his era)</a> (PDF) (PhD thesis) (in Italian). University of Pisa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240620202130/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/14706219.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Cn.+Manlio+Vulsone+e+i+grandi+cambiamenti+della+sua+epoca+%28Cn.+Manlius+Vulso+and+the+great+changes+of+his+era%29&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Pisa&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Menicucci&rft.aufirst=Chiara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F14706219.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2015" class="citation thesis cs1">Taylor, Michael James (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt1tj4n5sm/qt1tj4n5sm_noSplash_adf69c425bac62377049e6b7d4deda20.pdf">Finance, Manpower, and the Rise of Rome</a> (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of California, Berkeley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217141803/https://escholarship.org/content/qt1tj4n5sm/qt1tj4n5sm_noSplash_adf69c425bac62377049e6b7d4deda20.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Finance%2C+Manpower%2C+and+the+Rise+of+Rome&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Michael+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fcontent%2Fqt1tj4n5sm%2Fqt1tj4n5sm_noSplash_adf69c425bac62377049e6b7d4deda20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalatian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2017" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Michael James (2017). "State Finance in the Middle Roman Republic: A Reevaluation". <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Philology" title="American Journal of Philology">American Journal of Philology</a>. 138 (1): 143–180. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fajp.2017.0004">10.1353/ajp.2017.0004</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26360897">26360897</a>.</cite><span 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title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Etruscan_Wars" title="Roman–Etruscan Wars">Roman–Etruscan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman-Aequian_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman-Aequian wars">Roman-Aequian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Latin_wars" title="Roman–Latin wars">Roman–Latin wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_the_Hernici" title="Roman conquest of the Hernici">Roman–Hernician wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Volscian_wars" title="Roman–Volscian wars">Roman–Volscian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Sabine_wars" title="Roman–Sabine wars">Roman–Sabine wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnite_Wars" title="Samnite Wars">Samnite Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic_War" title="Pyrrhic War">Pyrrhic War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Gallic_wars" title="Roman–Gallic wars">Roman–Gallic wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Punic_War" title="Third Punic War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyro-Roman_Wars" title="Illyro-Roman Wars">Illyro-Roman Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Macedonian_War" title="First Macedonian War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Macedonian_War" title="Second Macedonian War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Macedonian_War" title="Fourth Macedonian War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Seleucid_war" title="Roman–Seleucid war">Roman–Seleucid war</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Galatian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula">Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_Wars" title="Celtiberian Wars">Celtiberian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_War" title="Lusitanian War">Lusitanian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numantine_War" title="Numantine War">Numantine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertorian_War" title="Sertorian War">Sertorian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Wars" title="Cantabrian Wars">Cantabrian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_War" title="Achaean War">Achaean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugurthine_War" title="Jugurthine War">Jugurthine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbrian_War" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servile_Wars" title="Servile Wars">Servile Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Servile_War" title="First Servile War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Servile_War" title="Second Servile War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Servile_War" title="Third Servile War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_War_(91%E2%80%9387_BC)" title="Social War (91–87 BC)">Social War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Octavianum" title="Bellum Octavianum">Bellum Octavianum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulla%27s_civil_war" title="Sulla's civil war">Sulla's civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridatic_Wars" title="Mithridatic Wars">Mithridatic Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mithridatic_War" title="First Mithridatic War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mithridatic_War" title="Second Mithridatic War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mithridatic_War" title="Third Mithridatic War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar%27s_invasions_of_Britain" title="Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain">Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_Wars" title="Roman–Parthian Wars">Roman–Parthian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_civil_war" title="Caesar's civil war">Caesar's civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Mutina" title="War of Mutina">War of Mutina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberators%27_civil_war" title="Liberators' civil war">Liberators' civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Siculum" title="Bellum Siculum">Bellum Siculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perusine_War" title="Perusine War">Perusine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Actium" title="War of Actium">War of Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Campaign history of the Roman military">Wars of the Roman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_warfare_between_the_Romans_and_Germanic_peoples" title="Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples">Germanic wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(376%E2%80%93382)" title="Gothic War (376–382)">Gothic War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Roman conquest of Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boudican_revolt" title="Boudican revolt">Boudican revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_War_of_58%E2%80%9363" title="Roman–Parthian War of 58–63">Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors" title="Year of the Four Emperors">Civil war of 69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish–Roman wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian%27s_Dacian_War" title="Domitian's Dacian War">Domitian's Dacian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Trajan's Dacian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars" title="Roman–Persian Wars">Roman–Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Civil wars of the Third Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_ancient_Rome" title="Military history of ancient Rome">Military history of ancient Rome</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greek_wars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Greek_wars" title="Template:Ancient Greek wars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Greek_wars" title="Template talk:Ancient Greek wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Greek_wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Greek wars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Ancient Greek wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Messenian_War" title="First Messenian War">First Messenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelantine_War" title="Lelantine War">Lelantine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Messenian_War" title="Second Messenian War">Second Messenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian%E2%80%93Milesian_War" title="Lydian–Milesian War">Lydian–Milesian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sacred_War" title="First Sacred War">First Sacred War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Wars" title="Sicilian Wars">Sicilian Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Greco-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeginetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeginetan War">Aeginetan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Delian_League" title="Wars of the Delian League">Wars of the Delian League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Messenian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Messenian War">Third Messenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Peloponnesian_War" title="First Peloponnesian War">First Peloponnesian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sacred_War" title="Second Sacred War">Second Sacred War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samian_War" title="Samian War">Samian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Second Peloponnesian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyle_Campaign" title="Phyle Campaign">Phyle Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_War" title="Corinthian War">Corinthian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotian_War" title="Boeotian War">Boeotian War</a></li> <li>Wars of the <a href="/wiki/Theban_hegemony" title="Theban hegemony">Theban hegemony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theban%E2%80%93Spartan_War" title="Theban–Spartan War">Theban–Spartan War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_War_(357%E2%80%93355_BC)" title="Social War (357–355 BC)">Social War (357–355 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sacred_War" title="Third Sacred War">Third Sacred War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_War" title="Foreign War">Foreign War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Macedonia_under_Philip_II" title="Expansion of Macedonia under Philip II">Expansion of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Wars of Alexander the Great">Wars of Alexander the Great</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamian_War" title="Lamian War">Lamian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">Wars of the Diadochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid%E2%80%93Nabataean_confrontations" title="Antigonid–Nabataean confrontations">Antigonid–Nabataean confrontations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Mauryan war">Seleucid–Mauryan war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic_War" title="Pyrrhic War">Pyrrhic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Wars" title="Syrian Wars">Syrian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus%27_invasion_of_the_Peloponnese" title="Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese">Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chremonidean_War" title="Chremonidean War">Chremonidean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Parthian_Wars" title="Seleucid–Parthian Wars">Seleucid–Parthian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomenean_War" title="Cleomenean War">Cleomenean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyttian_War" title="Lyttian War">Lyttian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_War_(220%E2%80%93217_BC)" title="Social War (220–217 BC)">Social War (220–217 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Macedonian_War" title="First Macedonian War">First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Macedonian_War" title="Second Macedonian War">Second</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Macedonian_War" title="Fourth Macedonian War">Fourth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(205%E2%80%93200_BC)" title="Cretan War (205–200 BC)">Cretan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Seleucid_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman–Seleucid War">Roman–Seleucid War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetolian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetolian War">Aetolian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Nabis" title="War against Nabis">War against Nabis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Galatian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt" title="Maccabean Revolt">Maccabean Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Dynastic_Wars" title="Seleucid Dynastic Wars">Seleucid Dynastic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_War" title="Achaean War">Achaean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridatic_Wars" title="Mithridatic Wars">Mithridatic Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Mithridatic_War" title="First Mithridatic War">First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Mithridatic_War" title="Second Mithridatic War">Second</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Mithridatic_War" title="Third Mithridatic War">Third</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Actium" title="War of Actium">War of Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">Military history</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gauls" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gallic_peoples" title="Template:Gallic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gallic_peoples" title="Template talk:Gallic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gallic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gallic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gauls" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Allia" title="Battle of the Allia">Battle of the Allia</a> (ca. 387 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Galatian War</a> (189 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Transalpine_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Transalpine War">First Transalpine War</a> (125–121 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a> (58–50 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a> (50 BC–476 AD)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sequani gold coin"><img alt="Sequani gold coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg/70px-Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg/105px-Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg/140px-Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1977" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambactus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambactus (page does not exist)">Ambactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eubages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eubages (page does not exist)">Eubages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_culture" title="Gallo-Roman culture">Gallo-Roman culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemeton" title="Nemeton">Nemeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">Oppidum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaulish religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vātes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergobret" title="Vergobret">Vergobret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Belgica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambiani" title="Ambiani">Ambiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aresaces" title="Aresaces">Aresaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrebates" title="Atrebates">Atrebates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atuatuci" title="Atuatuci">Atuatuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellovaci" title="Bellovaci">Bellovaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeracates" title="Caeracates">Caeracates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeroesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Caeroesi">Caeroesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caletes" title="Caletes">Caletes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catuslugi" title="Catuslugi">Catuslugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalauni" title="Catalauni">Catalauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condrusi" title="Condrusi">Condrusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuci" title="Leuci">Leuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediomatrici" title="Mediomatrici">Mediomatrici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meldi (page does not exist)">Meldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menapii" title="Menapii">Menapii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetes" title="Nemetes">Nemetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii">Nervii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paemani" title="Paemani">Paemani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remi" title="Remi">Remi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvanectes" title="Silvanectes">Silvanectes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suessiones" title="Suessiones">Suessiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triboci" title="Triboci">Triboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliocasses" title="Veliocasses">Veliocasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viromandui" title="Viromandui">Viromandui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Celtica" title="Gallia Celtica">Celtica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrincatui" title="Abrincatui">Abrincatui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambiliati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambiliati (page does not exist)">Ambiliati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aedui" title="Aedui">Aedui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambarri" title="Ambarri">Ambarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andecavi" title="Andecavi">Andecavi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arouii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arouii (page does not exist)">Arouii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arverni" title="Arverni">Arverni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulerci" title="Aulerci">Aulerci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brannovices" title="Brannovices">Brannovices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aulerci_Cenomani" title="Aulerci Cenomani">Cenomani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diablintes" title="Diablintes">Diablintes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eburovices" title="Eburovices">Eburovices</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodiocasses" title="Bodiocasses">Bodiocasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Cubi" title="Bituriges Cubi">Bituriges Cubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Vivisci" title="Bituriges Vivisci">Bituriges Vivisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadurci" title="Cadurci">Cadurci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnutes" title="Carnutes">Carnutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriosolites" title="Coriosolites">Coriosolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durocasses" title="Durocasses">Durocasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esuvii" title="Esuvii">Esuvii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabali" title="Gabali">Gabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latobrigi" title="Latobrigi">Latobrigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemovices" title="Lemovices">Lemovices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexovii" title="Lexovii">Lexovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingones" title="Lingones">Lingones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandubii" title="Mandubii">Mandubii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namnetes" title="Namnetes">Namnetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitiobroges" title="Nitiobroges">Nitiobroges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osismii" title="Osismii">Osismii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parisii_(Gaul)" title="Parisii (Gaul)">Parisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocorii" title="Petrocorii">Petrocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictones" title="Pictones">Pictones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauraci" title="Rauraci">Rauraci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redones" title="Redones">Redones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni">Ruteni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagii (page does not exist)">Sagii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santoni_(tribe)" title="Santoni (tribe)">Santoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senones" title="Senones">Senones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segusiavi" title="Segusiavi">Segusiavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequani" title="Sequani">Sequani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigurini" title="Tigurini">Tigurini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricasses" title="Tricasses">Tricasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulingi" title="Tulingi">Tulingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turoni" title="Turoni">Turoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellavii" title="Vellavii">Vellavii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venelli" title="Venelli">Venelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneti_(Gaul)" title="Veneti (Gaul)">Veneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viducasses" title="Viducasses">Viducasses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Narbonensis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agesinates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agesinates (page does not exist)">Agesinates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albici (page does not exist)">Albici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatilii" title="Anatilii">Anatilii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atacini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atacini (page does not exist)">Atacini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatici" title="Avatici">Avatici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bormani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bormani (page does not exist)">Bormani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budenicenses" title="Budenicenses">Budenicenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camactulici" title="Camactulici">Camactulici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavari" title="Cavari">Cavari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cenomani_(Narbonensis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cenomani (Narbonensis) (page does not exist)">Cenomani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comani_(tribe)" title="Comani (tribe)">Comani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexivates" title="Dexivates">Dexivates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvii" title="Helvii">Helvii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libicii_(Narbonensis)" title="Libicii (Narbonensis)">Libicii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligauni" title="Ligauni">Ligauni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longostaletes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longostaletes (page does not exist)">Longostaletes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memini_(tribe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memini (tribe) (page does not exist)">Memini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearchi" title="Nearchi">Nearchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybii" title="Oxybii">Oxybii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reii" title="Reii">Reii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyes" title="Salyes">Salyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segobrigii" title="Segobrigii">Segobrigii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segovellauni" title="Segovellauni">Segovellauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suelteri" title="Suelteri">Suelteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolosates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolosates">Tolosates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricastini" title="Tricastini">Tricastini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricores" title="Tricores">Tricores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tricorii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tricorii (page does not exist)">Tricorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritolli" title="Tritolli">Tritolli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertamocorii_(Narbonensis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertamocorii (Narbonensis) (page does not exist)">Vertamocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verucini" title="Verucini">Verucini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocontii" title="Vocontii">Vocontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arecomici" title="Arecomici">Arecomici</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tectosages" title="Tectosages">Tectosages</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulgientes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulgientes (page does not exist)">Vulgientes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Alpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Alpina">Alpina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acitavones" title="Acitavones">Acitavones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adanates" title="Adanates">Adanates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adunicates" title="Adunicates">Adunicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauni" title="Alauni">Alauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambidravi" title="Ambidravi">Ambidravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambilici" title="Ambilici">Ambilici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambisontes" title="Ambisontes">Ambisontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneuniates" title="Aneuniates">Aneuniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausuciates" title="Ausuciates">Ausuciates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avantici" title="Avantici">Avantici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaci" title="Belaci">Belaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belouni" title="Belouni">Belouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benacenses" title="Benacenses">Benacenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergalei" title="Bergalei">Bergalei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodiontici" title="Bodiontici">Bodiontici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigantii" title="Brigantii">Brigantii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigianii" title="Brigianii">Brigianii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixentes" title="Brixentes">Brixentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calucones" title="Calucones">Calucones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carni" title="Carni">Carni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catenates" title="Catenates">Catenates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catubrini" title="Catubrini">Catubrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caturiges" title="Caturiges">Caturiges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceutrones" title="Ceutrones">Ceutrones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosuanetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosuanetes (page does not exist)">Cosuanetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdinii" title="Ecdinii">Ecdinii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eguiturii" title="Eguiturii">Eguiturii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallitae" title="Gallitae">Gallitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genauni" title="Genauni">Genauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graioceli" title="Graioceli">Graioceli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iemerii" title="Iemerii">Iemerii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingauni" title="Ingauni">Ingauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licates" title="Licates">Licates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medulli" title="Medulli">Medulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantuates" title="Nantuates">Nantuates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemaloni" title="Nemaloni">Nemaloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemeturii" title="Nemeturii">Nemeturii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quariates" title="Quariates">Quariates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rucinates" title="Rucinates">Rucinates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salassi" title="Salassi">Salassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savincates" title="Savincates">Savincates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebaginni" title="Sebaginni">Sebaginni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seduni" title="Seduni">Seduni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segovii" title="Segovii">Segovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segusini" title="Segusini">Segusini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentii" title="Sentii">Sentii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogionti" title="Sogionti">Sogionti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suanetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suanetes (page does not exist)">Suanetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suetrii" title="Suetrii">Suetrii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebavii" title="Tebavii">Tebavii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triulatti" title="Triulatti">Triulatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucennii" title="Ucennii">Ucennii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vediantii" title="Vediantii">Vediantii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velaunii" title="Velaunii">Velaunii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venisami" title="Venisami">Venisami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venostes" title="Venostes">Venostes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vennones" title="Vennones">Vennones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veragri" title="Veragri">Veragri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergunni" title="Vergunni">Vergunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesubiani" title="Vesubiani">Vesubiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindelici" title="Vindelici">Vindelici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Cisalpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Cisalpina">Cisalpina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anamares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anamares (page does not exist)">Anamares</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anauni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anauni (page does not exist)">Anauni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anesiates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anesiates (page does not exist)">Anesiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arusnates" title="Arusnates">Arusnates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagienni" title="Bagienni">Bagienni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boii_(Cisalpine_Gaul)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boii (Cisalpine Gaul) (page does not exist)">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromanenses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromanenses (page does not exist)">Bromanenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenomani_(Cisalpine_Gaul)" title="Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul)">Cenomani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallianates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallianates (page does not exist)">Gallianates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gennanates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gennanates (page does not exist)">Gennanates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insubres" title="Insubres">Insubres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libicii_(Cisalpine_Gaul)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libicii (Cisalpine Gaul) (page does not exist)">Libicii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marici_(tribe)" title="Marici (tribe)">Marici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montunates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montunates (page does not exist)">Montunates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orobii" title="Orobii">Orobii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subinates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subinates (page does not exist)">Subinates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurini" title="Taurini">Taurini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertamocorii" title="Vertamocorii">Vertamocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Votodrones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Votodrones (page does not exist)">Votodrones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Aquitania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boii_(Aquitania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boii (Aquitania) (page does not exist)">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocosates" title="Cocosates">Cocosates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lactorates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lactorates (page does not exist)">Lactorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotiates" title="Sotiates">Sotiates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarusates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarusates (page does not exist)">Tarusates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasates_(tribe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasates (tribe) (page does not exist)">Vasates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Eastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anartes" title="Anartes">Anartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabiates" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabiates">Arabiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boii" title="Boii">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britolagai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britolagai (page does not exist)">Britolagai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornacates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornacates">Cornacates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costoboci" title="Costoboci">Costoboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotini" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotini">Gotini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravisci" title="Eravisci">Eravisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercuniates" class="mw-redirect" title="Hercuniates">Hercuniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latobici" title="Latobici">Latobici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scordisci" title="Scordisci">Scordisci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dindari" title="Dindari">Dindari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celegeri" title="Celegeri">Celegeri</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serdi" title="Serdi">Serdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurisci" title="Taurisci">Taurisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varciani" title="Varciani">Varciani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigosages" title="Aigosages">Aigosages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectosages" title="Tectosages">Tectosages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolistobogii" title="Tolistobogii">Tolistobogii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocmi" title="Trocmi">Trocmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Roman settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alesia_(city)" title="Alesia (city)">Alesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentomagus" title="Argentomagus">Argentomagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avaricum" title="Avaricum">Avaricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-M%C3%BCnsterh%C3%BCgel" title="Basel-Münsterhügel">Basel-Münsterhügel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibracte" title="Bibracte">Bibracte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibrax" title="Bibrax">Bibrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenabum" title="Cenabum">Cenabum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cularo" title="Cularo">Cularo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppidum_d%27Ens%C3%A9rune" title="Oppidum d'Ensérune">Ensérune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entremont_(oppidum)" title="Entremont (oppidum)">Entremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gergovia" title="Gergovia">Gergovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magetobria" title="Magetobria">Magetobria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noreia" title="Noreia">Noreia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylis" title="Tylis">Tylis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertillum" title="Vertillum">Vertillum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Part of: <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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