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<div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">University of Pittsburgh</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:University_of_Pittsburgh" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" 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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Western University of Pennsylvania" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Western_University" title="Pennsylvania Western University">Pennsylvania Western University</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_System_of_Higher_Education" title="Commonwealth System of Higher Education">state-related</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, Pennsylvania, United States. The university is composed of seventeen undergraduate and graduate schools and colleges at its <a href="/wiki/Urban_university" title="Urban university">urban</a> Pittsburgh campus, home to the university's central administration and around 28,000 undergraduate and graduate students. The 132-acre Pittsburgh campus includes various historic buildings that are part of the <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Farms_Historic_District" title="Schenley Farms Historic District">Schenley Farms Historic District</a>, most notably its 42-story <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic revival</a> centerpiece, the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>. Pitt is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">classified</a> among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<a href="#cite_note-CC-9">[7]</a> It is the second-largest non-government employer in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Pittsburgh</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Pittsburgh_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/University_of_Pittsburgh_seal.svg/150px-University_of_Pittsburgh_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/University_of_Pittsburgh_seal.svg/225px-University_of_Pittsburgh_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/University_of_Pittsburgh_seal.svg/300px-University_of_Pittsburgh_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Pittsburgh Academy (1787–1819) Western University of Pennsylvania (1819–1908)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">Veritas et Virtus (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">"Truth and Virtue"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_System_of_Higher_Education" title="Commonwealth System of Higher Education">State-related</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">February 28, 1787; 237 years ago (1787-02-28)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_States_Commission_on_Higher_Education" title="Middle States Commission on Higher Education">MSCHE</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">AAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Associated_Universities" title="Oak Ridge Associated Universities">ORAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Research_Association" title="Universities Research Association">URA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Grant_College_and_Fellowship_Program" title="National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program">Space-grant</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$5.68 billion (2021)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$2.4 billion (2020)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Gabel" title="Joan Gabel">Joan Gabel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_J._McCarthy_(provost)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph J. McCarthy (provost) (page does not exist)">Joseph J. McCarthy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,396<a href="#cite_note-factbook-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">29,533 (fall 2023)<a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-factbook-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20,220 (fall 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,313 (fall 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state">Pennsylvania</div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Pittsburgh&params=40.4446_N_79.9533_W_region:US_type:edu">40°26′41″N 79°57′12″W / 40.4446°N 79.9533°W / 40.4446; -79.9533</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Large city<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a>, 132 acres (53 ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Other campuses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Bradford" title="University of Pittsburgh at Bradford">Bradford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Greensburg" title="University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg">Greensburg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Johnstown" title="University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown">Johnstown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Titusville" title="University of Pittsburgh at Titusville">Titusville</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Pitt_News" title="The Pitt News">The Pitt News</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Blue and gold<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">Panthers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I FBS">NCAA Division I FBS</a> – <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">ACC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panthers_of_Pittsburgh" title="Panthers of Pittsburgh">Roc the Panther</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitt.edu">pitt.edu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Pittsburgh_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/University_of_Pittsburgh_logo.svg/180px-University_of_Pittsburgh_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/University_of_Pittsburgh_logo.svg/270px-University_of_Pittsburgh_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/University_of_Pittsburgh_logo.svg/360px-University_of_Pittsburgh_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="78"></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid navy; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_historical_markers" title="List of Pennsylvania state historical markers">Pennsylvania Historical Marker</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">November 2, 1979<a href="#cite_note-PAHMDB-8">[6]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> Pitt traces its roots to the Pittsburgh Academy founded by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge" title="Hugh Henry Brackenridge">Hugh Henry Brackenridge</a> in 1787. While the city was still on the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Pittsburgh#Gateway_to_the_West_(1763%E2%80%931799)" title="History of Pittsburgh">edge of the American frontier</a> at the time, Pittsburgh's rapid growth meant that a proper university was soon needed, and Pitt's charter was altered in 1819 to confer university status on it as the Western University of Pennsylvania. After surviving two devastating fires and several relocations, the university moved to its current location in Pittsburgh's <a href="/wiki/Oakland_(Pittsburgh)" title="Oakland (Pittsburgh)">Oakland</a> neighborhood, and by act of the state legislature was renamed the University of Pittsburgh in 1908. Pitt was a private institution until 1966, when it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_System_of_Higher_Education" title="Commonwealth System of Higher Education">Commonwealth System of Higher Education</a>. The campus is situated adjacent to the flagship medical facilities of its closely affiliated <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</a> (UPMC) and its flagship hospital, <a href="/wiki/UPMC_Presbyterian" title="UPMC Presbyterian">UPMC Presbyterian</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museums_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Park" title="Schenley Park">Schenley Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>. The university also operates four undergraduate branch campuses in <a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania" title="Western Pennsylvania">Western Pennsylvania</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Bradford" title="University of Pittsburgh at Bradford">Bradford</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Greensburg" title="University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg">Greensburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Johnstown" title="University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown">Johnstown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Titusville" title="University of Pittsburgh at Titusville">Titusville</a>. In athletics, Pitt competes in <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">Division I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">Pittsburgh Panthers</a>, primarily as members of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Founding">1.1 Founding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Western_University_of_Pennsylvania">1.2 Western University of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#A_new_name_and_home">1.3 A new name and home</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Development_of_the_polio_vaccine">1.4 Development of the polio vaccine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#State_relations_to_present_day">1.5 State relations to present day</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Campus">2 Campus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Historic_buildings">2.1 Historic buildings</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Other_buildings">2.2 Other buildings</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center">2.3 University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Regional_campuses">2.4 Regional campuses</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Community_impact">3 Community impact</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Sustainability">3.1 Sustainability</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Organization_and_administration">4 Organization and administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Academics">5 Academics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Undergraduate_admissions">5.1 Undergraduate admissions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#International_studies">5.2 International studies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Rankings">5.3 Rankings</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Scholars">5.4 Scholars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Research">6 Research</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Student_life">7 Student life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Housing">7.1 Housing</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Traditions">7.2 Traditions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Pitt_Arts">7.3 Pitt Arts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Student_theater">7.4 Student theater</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Student_music">7.5 Student music</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#A_cappella_groups">7.5.1 A cappella groups</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Student_media">7.6 Student media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Student_organizations">7.7 Student organizations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Student_protests_and_activism">7.8 Student protests and activism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Greek_life">7.9 Greek life</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Athletics">8 Athletics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Football">8.1 Football</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Basketball">8.2 Basketball</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Olympic_sports">8.3 Olympic sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Support_groups">8.4 Support groups</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#People">9 People</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Faculty">9.1 Faculty</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Alumni">9.2 Alumni</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Notes">10 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#References">11 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Works_cited">11.1 Works cited</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge.jpg/170px-Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="723"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge.jpg/170px-Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge.jpg/255px-Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge.jpg/340px-Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge" title="Hugh Henry Brackenridge">Hugh Henry Brackenridge</a>, founder of Pittsburgh Academy, the precursor to the University of Pittsburgh</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_University_of_Pittsburgh" title="History of the University of Pittsburgh">History of the University of Pittsburgh</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Founded by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridge" title="Hugh Henry Brackenridge">Hugh Henry Brackenridge</a> as Pittsburgh Academy in 1787, the University of Pittsburgh is one of the few universities and colleges established in the 18th century in the United States. It is the oldest continuously chartered institution of learning in the U.S. west of the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny Mountains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986453-10">[8]</a> The school began as a preparatory school, presumably in a <a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Log Cabin (University of Pittsburgh)">log cabin</a>, possibly as early as 1770<a href="#cite_note-Annual_catalog_of_the_Western_University_of_Pennsylvania,_Year_Ending_1905-11">[9]</a> in Western Pennsylvania, then a frontier.<a href="#cite_note-Early_Schools-12">[10]</a> Brackenridge obtained a charter for the school from the state legislature of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</a> on February 28, 1787, just ten weeks before the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Convention">Constitutional Convention</a> in Philadelphia.<a href="#cite_note-The_history_of_Pittsburgh:_its_rise_and_progress-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Through_One_Hundred_and_Fifty_Years:_The_University_of_Pittsburgh-14">[12]</a> A brick building was erected in 1790 on the south side of Third Street and Cherry Alley for the Pittsburgh Academy.<a href="#cite_note-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986-16">[14]</a> The small two-story brick building, with a gable facing the alley, contained three rooms: one below and two above.<a href="#cite_note-Rev._John_Taylor:_the_first_rector_of_Trinity_Episcopal_Church_of_Pittsburgh_and_his_commonplace_book-17">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_University_of_Pennsylvania">Western University of Pennsylvania</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Western University of Pennsylvania" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_University_of_Pennsylvania,_1833.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Western_University_of_Pennsylvania%2C_1833.jpg/220px-Western_University_of_Pennsylvania%2C_1833.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1117"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Western_University_of_Pennsylvania%2C_1833.jpg/220px-Western_University_of_Pennsylvania%2C_1833.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Western_University_of_Pennsylvania%2C_1833.jpg/330px-Western_University_of_Pennsylvania%2C_1833.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Western_University_of_Pennsylvania%2C_1833.jpg/440px-Western_University_of_Pennsylvania%2C_1833.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The university in 1833 at its location on 3rd Avenue in downtown Pittsburgh</figcaption></figure> Within a short period, more advanced education in the area was needed, so in 1819 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania amended the school's 1787 charter to confer university status. The school was named the Western University of Pennsylvania, or WUP, and was intended to be the western sister institution to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Through_One_Hundred_and_Fifty_Years:_The_University_of_Pittsburgh-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Celebration_of_the_One_Hundred_and_Twenty-Fifth_Anniversary:_History_of_the_University-18">[16]</a> By 1830, WUP had moved into a new three-story, freestone-fronted building, with Ionic columns and a cupola, near its original buildings fronting the south side of Third Street, between Smithfield Street and Cherry Alley in downtown Pittsburgh. By the 1830s, the university faced severe financial pressure to abandon its traditional liberal education in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">state legislature's</a> desire for it to provide more vocational training. The decision to remain committed to liberal education nearly killed the university, but it persevered despite its abandonment by the city and state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts198617-19">[17]</a> It was also during this era that the founder of <a href="/wiki/Mellon_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellon Bank">Mellon Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mellon" title="Thomas Mellon">Thomas Mellon</a> (Class of 1837), graduated and later taught at WUP.<a href="#cite_note-Students_celebrate_Fall_Fest-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986-16">[14]</a> The university's buildings, along with most of its records and files, were destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Pittsburgh" title="Great Fire of Pittsburgh">Great Fire of 1845</a> that wiped out 20 square blocks of Pittsburgh. Classes were temporarily held in <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Cathedral_(Pittsburgh)" title="Trinity Cathedral (Pittsburgh)">Trinity Church</a> until a new building was constructed on Duquesne Way (on what was the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Horne%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Horne's">Horne's</a> department store). Only four years later, in 1849, this building also was destroyed by fire. Due to the catastrophic nature of these fires, operations were suspended for a few years to allow the university time to regroup and rebuild. By 1854, WUP had erected a new building on the corner of Ross and Diamond (now Forbes Avenue) streets (site of the present day <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_City-County_Building" title="Pittsburgh City-County Building">City-County building</a>) and classes resumed in 1855. It is during this era, in 1867, that <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pierpont_Langley" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Pierpont Langley">Samuel Pierpont Langley</a>, astronomer, inventor, aviation pioneer and future Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, was chosen as director of the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Observatory" title="Allegheny Observatory">Allegheny Observatory</a> that was donated to WUP in 1865. Langley was professor of astronomy and physics and remained at WUP until 1891, when he was succeeded by another prominent astronomer, <a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Keeler" title="James Edward Keeler">James Keeler</a>. Growing quickly during this period, WUP outgrew its downtown facilities and the university moved its campus to <a href="/wiki/Allegheny,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny, Pennsylvania">Allegheny City</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Northside_(Pittsburgh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northside (Pittsburgh)">North Side</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Students_celebrate_Fall_Fest-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986-16">[14]</a> The university eventually found itself on a 10-acre (4.0 ha) site on the North Side's <a href="/wiki/Observatory_Hill_(Pittsburgh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Observatory Hill (Pittsburgh)">Observatory Hill</a> at the location of its <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Observatory" title="Allegheny Observatory">Allegheny Observatory</a>. There, it constructed two new buildings, Science Hall and Main Hall, that were occupied by 1889 and 1890 respectively. During this era, the first collegiate football team was formed at Pitt in 1889. In 1892, the Western Pennsylvania Medical College was amalgamated into the university (now the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine">University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine</a>). By 1893, the university had graduated its first African-American, <a href="/wiki/William_Hunter_Dammond" title="William Hunter Dammond">William Hunter Dammond</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_History_%E2%80%93_1893:_William_Hunter_Dammond-21">[19]</a> In 1895 WUP established its School of Law, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a> were elected to the board of trustees, where they joined <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a>, who had been elected in 1894. The Pittsburgh College of Pharmacy and Pittsburgh Dental School also joined the university in 1896. In 1898, the first women, sisters Margaret and Stella Stein, graduated from the university.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_History_%E2%80%93_1898:_Margaret_and_Stella_Stein-22">[20]</a> During this period, university engineering professor <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a> was conducting pioneering work in radio broadcasting. By 1904, playing at <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Park_(Pittsburgh)" title="Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)">Exposition Park</a>, the university had its first undefeated football team.<a href="#cite_note-Students_celebrate_Fall_Fest-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pitt_History_%E2%80%93_1906:_Reginald_Fessenden-23">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_new_name_and_home">A new name and home</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: A new name and home" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_Learning_stitch_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cathedral_of_Learning_stitch_1.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_Learning_stitch_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3976" data-file-height="5752"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 318px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cathedral_of_Learning_stitch_1.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_Learning_stitch_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="318" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cathedral_of_Learning_stitch_1.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_Learning_stitch_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cathedral_of_Learning_stitch_1.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_Learning_stitch_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>, the centerpiece of Pitt's campus and the tallest educational building in the Western Hemisphere</figcaption></figure> Citing a need to avoid confusion, distinguish itself from the University of Pennsylvania, and return to its roots by identifying itself with the city, the Western University of Pennsylvania, by act of the state legislature, was renamed the University of Pittsburgh in the summer of 1908. During this time, the university had also outgrown its accommodations on what is now the North Side of Pittsburgh and its departments had been scattered throughout the city for years. To consolidate all of its components on one campus, WUP bought 43 acres (17 ha) of land in December 1907 in what is now the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh and began relocating departments there by 1909.<a href="#cite_note-The_Owl-24">[22]</a> The initial campus plan for the new location centered on the winning submission from a national architectural contest that incorporated a Greek Acropolis design by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hornbostel" title="Henry Hornbostel">Henry Hornbostel</a> for 30 buildings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts198660%E2%80%9361-25">[23]</a> However, due to financial and other constraints, only four of the buildings were constructed in this style, of which only <a href="/wiki/Thaw_Hall" title="Thaw Hall">Thaw Hall</a> remains today. In the fall of 1909, the university became the first college to adopt the <a href="/wiki/Panthers_of_Pittsburgh" title="Panthers of Pittsburgh">panther</a> as its mascot.<a href="#cite_note-The_Panther-26">[24]</a> It was also during this period that the university, led by Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Samuel_McCormick" title="Samuel McCormick">Samuel McCormick</a>, again held off pressures to abandon the school's commitment to liberal education in favor of more technical-based training. During his administration, McCormick also led the university into a new level of national recognition, expansion, and growth, as well as beginning institutional support of athletics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts198660%E2%80%9361-25">[23]</a> In the 1920s, new university chancellor <a href="/wiki/John_Gabbert_Bowman" title="John Gabbert Bowman">John Gabbert Bowman</a> declared that he had a vision for a centerpiece "tall building" for the university. The 14 acres (5.7 ha) Frick Acres property in Oakland was soon purchased and plans for the campus shifted focus from the hillside to a neo-<a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a> plan that today comprises the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Memorial_Chapel" title="Heinz Memorial Chapel">Heinz Memorial Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster_Memorial" title="Stephen Foster Memorial">Stephen Foster Memorial</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clapp_Hall" title="Clapp Hall">Clapp Hall</a> buildings. By 1925, Bowman had settled on a design by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Klauder" title="Charles Klauder">Charles Klauder</a> for the "tall building": an attention-getting 535-foot (163 m) tower whose great height, with open spaces all around, would suggest the "character that ought to be in an educated man." The building's "parallel lines going up and up...would express courage [and] fearlessness" and it would "unify Pittsburgh into a community conscious of its character." The cathedral is "cut off" flat at the top to suggest that its lines, like education, have no ending. The building was financed by donors and by a campaign to collect dimes from local school children. Bowman was a persuasive leader and although the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> intervened, the Cathedral of Learning, on which construction was begun in 1926, began hosting classes in 1931 and was formally dedicated in 1937. Today, it remains the second tallest university building in the world and contains an equally impressive interior highlighted by a 22,000-square-foot (2,000 m2) Gothic hall Commons Room with 52-foot (16 m) tall arches currently surrounded by 31 <a href="/wiki/Nationality_Rooms" title="Nationality Rooms">Nationality Rooms</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_the_polio_vaccine">Development of the polio vaccine</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Development of the polio vaccine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SalkatPitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SalkatPitt.jpg/220px-SalkatPitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="309"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 272px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SalkatPitt.jpg/220px-SalkatPitt.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="272" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/SalkatPitt.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a> developed the first polio vaccine at the University of Pittsburgh.</figcaption></figure> In the early 20th century, epidemics of <a href="/wiki/Poliomyelitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomyelitis">polio</a> began to hit the United States and other industrialized countries. As hospitals filled with patients in <a href="/wiki/Negative_pressure_ventilator" title="Negative pressure ventilator">iron lungs</a>, and tens of thousands were left disabled, the fear of polio grew, leading to the closing of many public facilities. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Dr. Jonas Salk</a> had set up the University of Pittsburgh's Virus Research Lab in the basement of what is now <a href="/wiki/Salk_Hall" title="Salk Hall">Salk Hall</a>. By 1951, Salk and his team had begun immunization experiments in monkeys using dead polio virus. Soon, however, Salk began to test inoculations in paralyzed polio patients and by 1953 human trials among the general population were initiated. By the spring of the following year, the largest controlled field trials in medical history were underway, and by 1955 the <a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">vaccine</a> developed by Salk and his researchers was declared effective. By 1962, Salk's vaccine had reduced the incidence of polio in the United States by 95 percent. The breakthroughs in immunology and vaccine development at Pitt by Salk and his team are considered one of the most significant scientific and medical achievements in history.<a href="#cite_note-Remembering_Polio:_Celebrating_the_50th_Anniversary_of_the_Salk_Polio_Vaccine-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Shot_Heard_'Round_the_World-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_relations_to_present_day">State relations to present day</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: State relations to present day" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1966, Pitt was designated by <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_System_of_Higher_Education" title="Commonwealth System of Higher Education">state-related</a> university. As such, Pitt receives public funds ($154.3 million in fiscal year 2016) covering about 7% of its operating budget,<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> and offers reduced tuition to Pennsylvania residents. Pitt retains independent control. Upon affiliation with the state, subsidized tuition led to a massive influx of new students and rapid expansion of Pitt's size and scope. In the 1970s, Pitt's football team returned to greatness with a national championship season in 1976 led by <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Hall of Fame</a> running back <a href="/wiki/Tony_Dorsett" title="Tony Dorsett">Tony Dorsett</a> and continued success in the 1980s with players such as <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Hall of Fame</a> quarterback <a href="/wiki/Dan_Marino" title="Dan Marino">Dan Marino</a>. In the 1980s, significant medical research in the field of <a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">organ transplantation</a> was conducted by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas Starzl</a>, establishing Pitt as the world leader in the field of organ transplantation. In 1991, chancellor <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Posvar" title="Wesley Posvar">Wesley Posvar</a> retired after 24 years in office. His administration is best known for elimination of the university's debt from its 1960s financial crisis and for increasing the school's prestige and endowment. Under Posvar, Pitt's operating budget grew sevenfold to $630 million and its endowment tripled to $257 million.<a href="#cite_note-pitt-30">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Nordenberg" title="Mark Nordenberg">Mark Nordenberg</a> was chancellor of the university from 1995 to 2014 and led Pitt through a period of substantial progress, including a $2-billion capital-raising campaign that is over three quarters of the way toward achieving its goal<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Giving:_Office_of_Institutional_Advancement-31">[29]</a> and a $1-billion 12-year facilities plan.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_Pittsburgh_Announces_12-Year_Facilities_Plan_To_Support_Programmatic_Direction-32">[30]</a> Major initiatives and events that have occurred during his tenure include the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Petersen_Events_Center" title="Petersen Events Center">Petersen Events Center</a>, a major expansion of on-campus housing, the growth of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</a> and the restructuring of its relationship with the university, and a series of <a href="/wiki/2012_University_of_Pittsburgh_bomb_threats" title="2012 University of Pittsburgh bomb threats">disruptive bomb threats</a> that occurred in 2012. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_D._Gallagher" title="Patrick D. Gallagher">Patrick D. Gallagher</a> was named the 18th chancellor of the university and assumed the office on August 1, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association_Building,_5th_Avenue_and_Bigelow_Boulevard,_Oakland,_Pittsburgh,_PA_-_53616241817.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association_Building%2C_5th_Avenue_and_Bigelow_Boulevard%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_PA_-_53616241817.jpg/220px-Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association_Building%2C_5th_Avenue_and_Bigelow_Boulevard%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_PA_-_53616241817.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2629"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association_Building%2C_5th_Avenue_and_Bigelow_Boulevard%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_PA_-_53616241817.jpg/220px-Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association_Building%2C_5th_Avenue_and_Bigelow_Boulevard%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_PA_-_53616241817.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association_Building%2C_5th_Avenue_and_Bigelow_Boulevard%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_PA_-_53616241817.jpg/330px-Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association_Building%2C_5th_Avenue_and_Bigelow_Boulevard%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_PA_-_53616241817.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association_Building%2C_5th_Avenue_and_Bigelow_Boulevard%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_PA_-_53616241817.jpg/440px-Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association_Building%2C_5th_Avenue_and_Bigelow_Boulevard%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_PA_-_53616241817.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association" title="Pittsburgh Athletic Association">Pittsburgh Athletic Association</a> building, one of several Pitt buildings listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, is pictured to the left of <a href="/wiki/Alumni_Hall_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)">Alumni Hall</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Benno_Janssen" title="Benno Janssen">Benno Janssen</a> designed buildings that are examples of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance Revival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revial</a> architecture, respectively.</figcaption></figure> The University of Pittsburgh's main campus comprises approximately 132 urban acres (0.53 km2) located in Pittsburgh's historic <a href="/wiki/Oakland_(Pittsburgh)" title="Oakland (Pittsburgh)">Oakland</a> neighborhood. Much of the campus, including its centerpiece 42-story <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>, falls within the <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Farms_Historic_District" title="Schenley Farms Historic District">Oakland Civic Center/Schenley Farms National Historic District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NRHP-districts-34">[32]</a> The campus has been noted for its impressive architecture,<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> and contains an eclectic mix of architecture that includes Greek revival, Neogothic, Italian Renaissance, and modern. It has been termed "a theme park of replica buildings, representing the architecture of the past speaking to the present."<a href="#cite_note-Weighing_in_on_Pitt's_eclectic_architecture-36">[34]</a> The campus has won multiple Green Star Awards from the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Grounds_Management_Society" title="Professional Grounds Management Society">Professional Grounds Management Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Wins_Grounds_Services_Award-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-PGMS_Green_Star_Awards:_Urban_University_Grounds:_University_of_Pittsburgh-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-PGMS_News_-_PGMS_Salutes_Grounds_Management_Excellence;_College_and_University_Grounds_Lead_the_Way-39">[37]</a> The University of Pittsburgh's main campus contains four contiguous sections: upper (sports complexes, <a href="/wiki/Upper_campus_residence_halls_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Upper campus residence halls (University of Pittsburgh)">residence halls</a>); mid (<a href="/wiki/Benedum_Hall" title="Benedum Hall">Benedum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Science_Center" title="Chevron Science Center">Chevron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Allen Hall (University of Pittsburgh)">Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thaw_Hall" title="Thaw Hall">Thaw Halls</a>); lower (<a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Union" title="William Pitt Union">Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_W._Posvar_Hall" title="Wesley W. Posvar Hall">Posvar Hall</a>); and on the west end of campus, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center">medical center complex</a>. The campus is bordered by Darragh Street/McKee Place to the west and Bellefield Avenue/Dithridge Street to the east; Forbes and Fifth avenues traverse the campus from west to east. Although generally within walking distance, the university also runs a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Transportation_System" title="University of Pittsburgh Transportation System">bus and shuttle service</a> between various campus locations and bordering neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> The main campus is within walking distance of many recreational, cultural, and educational institutions in the Oakland neighborhood. The campus is adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Plaza" title="Schenley Plaza">Schenley Plaza</a>, the main branch of the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Library_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Public Library</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museums_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Museums of Natural History and Art</a> and the Carnegie Music Hall, as well as portions of <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carlow_University" title="Carlow University">Carlow University</a> is just west of campus, adjacent to the university's medical center complexes. The main quad of <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Catholic_High_School_(Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Catholic High School (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)">Central Catholic High School</a>, and historic <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Park" title="Schenley Park">Schenley Park</a>, site of the <a href="/wiki/Phipps_Conservatory_%26_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens">Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens</a>, lie across <a href="/wiki/Junction_Hollow" title="Junction Hollow">Junction Hollow</a> on the east end. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_buildings">Historic buildings</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Historic buildings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinz_Chapel,_Oakland,_Pittsburgh,_2019-09-10_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Heinz_Chapel%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10_02.jpg/220px-Heinz_Chapel%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Heinz_Chapel%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10_02.jpg/220px-Heinz_Chapel%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10_02.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Heinz_Chapel%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10_02.jpg/330px-Heinz_Chapel%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Heinz_Chapel%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10_02.jpg/440px-Heinz_Chapel%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Memorial_Chapel" title="Heinz Memorial Chapel">Heinz Memorial Chapel</a></figcaption></figure> Four Pitt buildings are individually listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>: <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Observatory" title="Allegheny Observatory">Allegheny Observatory</a> (in Pittsburgh's Riverview Park on the <a href="/wiki/Northside_(Pittsburgh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northside (Pittsburgh)">Northside</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>,<a href="#cite_note-PENNSYLVANIA_%E2%80%93_Allegheny_County-41">[39]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association" title="Pittsburgh Athletic Association">Pittsburgh Athletic Association</a> building, and the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company_Assembly_Plant_(Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania)" title="Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)">Ford Motor building</a>. Twenty-one of Pitt's buildings (including the 5 residence halls that make up <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Quadrangle" title="Schenley Quadrangle">Schenley Quadrangle</a>, see below) are <a href="/wiki/Contributing_properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Contributing properties">contributing properties</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Farms_Historic_District" title="Schenley Farms Historic District">Schenley Farms-Oakland Civic Center Historic District</a> that has been listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Historic_district_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic district (United States)">historic district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NRHP-districts-34">[32]</a> Due to the historical nature of various sites around Pitt's buildings, the Commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> has placed historical markers outside the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Observatory" title="Allegheny Observatory">Allegheny Observatory</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Marker_Details:_Allegheny_Observatory-42">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wesley_W._Posvar_Hall" title="Wesley W. Posvar Hall">Posvar Hall</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Marker_Details:_Forbes_Field-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marker_Details:_Barney_Dreyfuss_(1865-1932)-44">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salk_Hall" title="Salk Hall">Salk Hall</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Salk_Polio_Vaccine_%E2%80%93_Pennsylvania_Historical_Markers_on_Waymarking.com-45">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster_Memorial" title="Stephen Foster Memorial">Stephen Foster Memorial</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Stephen_C._Foster_Memorial_%E2%80%93_Pennsylvania_Historical_Markers_on_Waymarking.com-46">[44]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Union" title="William Pitt Union">William Pitt Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-V.F.W._%E2%80%93_Pennsylvania_Historical_Markers_on_Waymarking.com-47">[45]</a> In addition, a Pennsylvania Historical Marker has been placed on campus near the Cathedral of Learning to mark the significance of the University of Pittsburgh itself.<a href="#cite_note-Marker_Details:_University_of_Pittsburgh-48">[46]</a> Another state historical marker has been placed to highlight the significance of Pitt's involvement in the archaeological excavation at the <a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft Rockshelter</a> in <a href="/wiki/Avella,_Pennsylvania" title="Avella, Pennsylvania">Avella, Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marker_Details:_Meadowcroft_Rockshelter-49">[47]</a> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_History_and_Landmarks_Foundation" title="Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation">Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation</a> has designated the following Pitt buildings as Pittsburgh Historic Landmarks: <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Observatory" title="Allegheny Observatory">Allegheny Observatory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Allen Hall (University of Pittsburgh)">Allen Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alumni_Hall_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)">Alumni Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellefield_Hall" title="Bellefield Hall">Bellefield Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor%27s_Residence_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Chancellor's Residence (University of Pittsburgh)">Chancellor's Residence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning#Commons_Room" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning interior rooms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gardner_Steel_Conference_Center" title="Gardner Steel Conference Center">Gardner Steel Conference Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Memorial_Chapel" title="Heinz Memorial Chapel">Heinz Memorial Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thaw_Hall" title="Thaw Hall">Thaw Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salk_Hall" title="Salk Hall">Salk Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Quadrangle" title="Schenley Quadrangle">Schenley Quadrangle residence halls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster_Memorial" title="Stephen Foster Memorial">Stephen Foster Memorial</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_Child_Development_Center" title="University Child Development Center">University Child Development Center</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Union" title="William Pitt Union">William Pitt Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pittsburgh_History_and_Landmarks_Foundation:_PHLF_Plaques_&_Registries-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pittsburgh_History_&_Landmarks_Foundation_announces_Historic_Building_and_Landscape_Designations-51">[49]</a> Other Pitt buildings not designated individually as landmarks, but listed among the 16 Pitt-owned contributing properties to the Schenley Farms Historic District, include <a href="/wiki/Clapp_Hall" title="Clapp Hall">Clapp Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/O%27Hara_Student_Center" title="O'Hara Student Center">O'Hara Student Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruskin_Hall" title="Ruskin Hall">Ruskin Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thackeray_Hall" title="Thackeray Hall">Thackeray Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frick_Fine_Arts_Building" title="Frick Fine Arts Building">Frick Fine Arts Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_Building_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Music Building (University of Pittsburgh)">Music Building</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_Club_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="University Club (University of Pittsburgh)">University Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hearing_set_on_historic_landmark_nomination_for_two_Pitt_buildings-52">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WPUballroom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/WPUballroom.jpg/220px-WPUballroom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="531"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/WPUballroom.jpg/220px-WPUballroom.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/WPUballroom.jpg/330px-WPUballroom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/WPUballroom.jpg/440px-WPUballroom.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The restored <a href="/wiki/Louis_Quinze" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Quinze">Louis XV</a> mirrored ballroom of the <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> styled <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Union" title="William Pitt Union">William Pitt Union</a></figcaption></figure> Historic structures within, adjacent to, or near Pitt's campus, but not belonging to the university, include the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museums_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Museum buildings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Science_and_Technology_Academy" title="Pittsburgh Science and Technology Academy">Frick School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Field" title="Forbes Field">Forbes Field</a> wall remnant, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Magee_(politician)" title="Christopher Magee (politician)">Magee</a> Estate iron fence, the <a href="/wiki/Mary_Schenley_Memorial_Fountain" title="Mary Schenley Memorial Fountain">Schenley Fountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mellon_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellon Institute">Mellon Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phipps_Conservatory_%26_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens">Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Athletic_Association" title="Pittsburgh Athletic Association">Pittsburgh Athletic Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Paul_in_Pittsburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Paul in Pittsburgh">St. Paul's Cathedral</a>, St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, <a href="/wiki/Schenley_High_School" title="Schenley High School">Schenley High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soldiers_and_Sailors_Memorial_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall">Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall</a> – where scenes of <a href="/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_(film)" title="The Silence of the Lambs (film)">The Silence of the Lambs</a> were filmed in 1990, and the <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster_(sculpture)" title="Stephen Foster (sculpture)">Stephen Foster sculpture</a>. Many of these buildings and their facilities are integrated into the events and activities of the university.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Honors_Convocation-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_buildings">Other buildings</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other buildings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Pittsburgh_buildings" title="List of University of Pittsburgh buildings">List of University of Pittsburgh buildings</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_gallery_at_the_Frick_Fine_Arts_Building_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Art_gallery_at_the_Frick_Fine_Arts_Building_2.jpg/220px-Art_gallery_at_the_Frick_Fine_Arts_Building_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6844" data-file-height="4277"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Art_gallery_at_the_Frick_Fine_Arts_Building_2.jpg/220px-Art_gallery_at_the_Frick_Fine_Arts_Building_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Art_gallery_at_the_Frick_Fine_Arts_Building_2.jpg/330px-Art_gallery_at_the_Frick_Fine_Arts_Building_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Art_gallery_at_the_Frick_Fine_Arts_Building_2.jpg/440px-Art_gallery_at_the_Frick_Fine_Arts_Building_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The art gallery at the <a href="/wiki/Frick_Fine_Arts_Building" title="Frick Fine Arts Building">Frick Fine Arts Building</a></figcaption></figure> The majority of <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Pittsburgh_buildings" title="List of University of Pittsburgh buildings">Pitt-owned facilities</a> are clustered in the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_(Pittsburgh)" title="Oakland (Pittsburgh)">Oakland</a> neighborhood of Pittsburgh which includes the <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Farms_Historic_District" title="Schenley Farms Historic District">Schenley Farms Historic District</a>, however a few prominent facilities are scattered elsewhere throughout the city, including the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Shadyside_(Pittsburgh)" title="Shadyside (Pittsburgh)">Shadyside</a> neighborhood. Pitt also maintains regional Pennsylvania campuses in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Bradford" title="University of Pittsburgh at Bradford">Bradford</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Greensburg" title="University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg">Greensburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Johnstown" title="University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown">Johnstown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Titusville" title="University of Pittsburgh at Titusville">Titusville</a>, as well as a Computer Center in RIDC Park in <a href="/wiki/Blawnox,_Pennsylvania" title="Blawnox, Pennsylvania">Blawnox</a>, the Plum Boro Science Center in <a href="/wiki/Plum,_Pennsylvania" title="Plum, Pennsylvania">Plum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Applied_Research_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center">University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center</a> (U-PARC) in <a href="/wiki/Harmarville,_Pennsylvania" title="Harmarville, Pennsylvania">Harmarville</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pymatuning_Laboratory_of_Ecology" title="Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology">Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Linesville,_Pennsylvania" title="Linesville, Pennsylvania">Linesville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Pymatuning_Laboratory_of_Ecology-56">[54]</a> The university also has a major archeological research site, the <a href="/wiki/Allen_L._Cook_Spring_Creek_Preserve" title="Allen L. Cook Spring Creek Preserve">Allen L. Cook Spring Creek Preserve</a>, in Spring Creek, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Honors_College_Receives_4,700_Acres_of_Wyoming_Land_Teeming_With_Dinosaur_Fossils-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Go_West-58">[56]</a> Athletic facilities of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Panthers" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pittsburgh Panthers">University of Pittsburgh Panthers</a> that are located in Oakland in the upper campus and include the <a href="/wiki/Cost_Sports_Center" title="Cost Sports Center">Charles L Cost Sports Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitzgerald_Field_House" title="Fitzgerald Field House">Fitzgerald Field House</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Petersen_Events_Center" title="Petersen Events Center">Petersen Events Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trees_Hall" title="Trees Hall">Trees Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/File:TreesField3.jpg" title="File:TreesField3.jpg">Trees Field</a>. An approximately $30 million upgrade of on-campus sports facilities, starting with the <a href="/wiki/Petersen_Sports_Complex" title="Petersen Sports Complex">Petersen Sports Complex</a>, includes new soccer, baseball, softball facilities, and helps clear a space for the future construction of a new track and field and band complex.<a href="#cite_note-Petersen_Sports_Complex-59">[57]</a> Athletic facilities in Pittsburgh that are located outside of the Oakland neighborhood include <a href="/wiki/Acrisure_Stadium" title="Acrisure Stadium">Acrisure Stadium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/UPMC_Sports_Performance_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="UPMC Sports Performance Complex">UPMC Sports Performance Complex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Major on-campus residence halls include the <a href="/wiki/Litchfield_Towers" title="Litchfield Towers">Litchfield Towers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Quadrangle" title="Schenley Quadrangle">Schenley Quadrangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Hall" title="Forbes Hall">Forbes Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bouquet_Gardens" title="Bouquet Gardens">Bouquet Gardens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruskin_Hall" title="Ruskin Hall">Ruskin Hall</a> located on the lower campus, <a href="/wiki/Lothrop_Hall" title="Lothrop Hall">Lothrop Hall</a> on the medical campus, and <a href="/wiki/Panther_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Panther Hall">Panther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordenberg_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordenberg Hall">Nordenberg Hall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutherland Hall">Sutherland</a> halls located on the upper campus.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Pittsburgh_buildings#UPMC" title="List of University of Pittsburgh buildings">List of UPMC buildings in Pittsburgh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BioMedicalScienceTowerSouthPitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/BioMedicalScienceTowerSouthPitt.jpg/220px-BioMedicalScienceTowerSouthPitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2636" data-file-height="1874"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/BioMedicalScienceTowerSouthPitt.jpg/220px-BioMedicalScienceTowerSouthPitt.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/BioMedicalScienceTowerSouthPitt.jpg/330px-BioMedicalScienceTowerSouthPitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/BioMedicalScienceTowerSouthPitt.jpg/440px-BioMedicalScienceTowerSouthPitt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas Starzl</a> Biomedical Science Tower is connected to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine">med school</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center">UPMC</a>'s flagship hospitals</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</a> (UPMC) is consistently ranked in U.S. News & World Report's "Honor Roll" of America's top hospitals<a href="#cite_note-UPMCrank-62">[60]</a> and consists of the following hospitals and facilities in the Pittsburgh neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Oakland_(Pittsburgh)" title="Oakland (Pittsburgh)">Oakland</a>, many of which have shared uses with various University departments: UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Magee-Women's Hospital of UPMC, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic in Thomas Detre Hall, Eye and Ear Institute, <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Tower" title="Forbes Tower">Forbes Tower</a> (home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Health_and_Rehabilitation_Sciences" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences">School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences</a>), Iroquois Building, Kaufman Medical Building, Medical Arts Building, 230 McKee Place, and UPMC University Center. UPMC academic hospitals and facilities elsewhere in Pittsburgh include the <a href="/wiki/UPMC_Children%27s_Hospital_of_Pittsburgh" title="UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh">UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh</a> campus in the <a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville_(Pittsburgh)" title="Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)">Lawrenceville</a> neighborhood, the <a href="/wiki/UPMC_Sports_Performance_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="UPMC Sports Performance Complex">UPMC Sports Performance Complex</a> on the <a href="/wiki/South_Side_(Pittsburgh)" title="South Side (Pittsburgh)">South Side</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/UPMC_Shadyside" title="UPMC Shadyside">UPMC Shadyside</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Cancer_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute">University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute</a> in the Hillman Cancer Center (both located in the <a href="/wiki/Shadyside_(Pittsburgh)" title="Shadyside (Pittsburgh)">Shadyside</a> neighborhood adjacent to Oakland).<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_campuses">Regional campuses</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Regional campuses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Regional campuses offer master's, bachelor's, and associate degrees at four locations in <a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania" title="Western Pennsylvania">Western Pennsylvania</a>. They also allow students to take preliminary courses and relocate to other regional campuses or the Oakland campus to complete their degrees. They offer several degrees and certificates: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Bradford" title="University of Pittsburgh at Bradford">University of Pittsburgh at Bradford</a> – master's, bachelor's, associate's and certificates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Greensburg" title="University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg">University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg</a> – master's, bachelor's and certificates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Johnstown" title="University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown">University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown</a> – bachelor's and certificates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Titusville" title="University of Pittsburgh at Titusville">University of Pittsburgh at Titusville</a> – associate's and certificates</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Community_impact">Community impact</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Community impact" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oakland_(Pittsburgh)_from_the_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Oakland_%28Pittsburgh%29_from_the_air.jpg/220px-Oakland_%28Pittsburgh%29_from_the_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5196" data-file-height="3462"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Oakland_%28Pittsburgh%29_from_the_air.jpg/220px-Oakland_%28Pittsburgh%29_from_the_air.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Oakland_%28Pittsburgh%29_from_the_air.jpg/330px-Oakland_%28Pittsburgh%29_from_the_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Oakland_%28Pittsburgh%29_from_the_air.jpg/440px-Oakland_%28Pittsburgh%29_from_the_air.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial view of the university and <a href="/wiki/Oakland_(Pittsburgh)" title="Oakland (Pittsburgh)">Oakland</a> neighborhood; <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> is at top-right</figcaption></figure> The University of Pittsburgh has been noted for both its role in community outreach and its impact on the economy of the city and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania" title="Western Pennsylvania">Western Pennsylvania</a> region. In 2009, Pitt was ranked second overall, and the top public university in the nation, as a "Best Neighbor" for positive impact on its urban community, including both commercial and residential activities such as revitalization, cultural renewal, economics, and community service and development according to the "Saviors of Our Cities" ranking.<a href="#cite_note-Saviors_of_Our_Cities:_2009_Survey_of_College_&_University_Civic_Partnerships-64">[62]</a> Pitt was also listed as a "best neighbor" in the previous ranking released in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-CMU,_Pitt_rate_as_good_neighbors-65">[63]</a> These rankings reflect the statistics that each year Pitt spends more than $1.7 billion in the community and supports nearly 33,800 jobs in <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Allegheny County</a>. The university is the Pittsburgh region's second largest non-government employer behind its affiliated <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</a> (UPMC).<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Pitt's research program alone imports more than $822 million into the region each year (more than $3.60 for each $1 of state appropriations), and supports some 23,100 local jobs.<a href="#cite_note-harvith-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Owl-24">[22]</a> Pitt students also spend more than $213 million on goods, services, and rental payments within the local economy.<a href="#cite_note-chancellor-2006-68">[66]</a> Pitt ranked sixth in the number of startups spawned by technologies developed by its researchers according to Association of University Technology Managers.<sup id="cite_ref-AUTM_U.S._Licensing_Survey,_FY_2004:_A_Survey_Summary_of_Technology_Licensing_(and_Related)_Performance_for_U.S._Academic_and_Nonprofit_Institutions,_and_Technology_Investment_firms_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AUTM_U.S._Licensing_Survey,_FY_2004:_A_Survey_Summary_of_Technology_Licensing_(and_Related)_Performance_for_U.S._Academic_and_Nonprofit_Institutions,_and_Technology_Investment_firms-69">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_speaking_about_It%27s_On_Us_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Joe_Biden_speaking_about_It%27s_On_Us_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_speaking_about_It%27s_On_Us_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1145"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Joe_Biden_speaking_about_It%27s_On_Us_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_speaking_about_It%27s_On_Us_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Joe_Biden_speaking_about_It%27s_On_Us_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_speaking_about_It%27s_On_Us_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Joe_Biden_speaking_about_It%27s_On_Us_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_speaking_about_It%27s_On_Us_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Then-Vice President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> speaks at the <a href="/wiki/Peterson_Events_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterson Events Center">Petersen Events Center</a> on April 5, 2016.</figcaption></figure> Pitt and its <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine">medical school</a> are the academic partners of the closely affiliated the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. With over 1450 employees and $1 billion annual revenue, UPMC is the largest non-government employer in Pennsylvania.<a href="#cite_note-UPMC_Community_Benefits_Report-70">[68]</a> Through the Pitt Volunteer Pool, faculty and staff members donate more than 10,000 hours annually to community service projects for agencies such as the Salvation Army, Pittsburgh AIDS Task Force, and Greater Pittsburgh Community Food Bank. Pitt is a leading producer of <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a> volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-chancellor-2006-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-University_ranks_high_in_Peace_Corps_volunteers-71">[69]</a> According to the Peace Corps' 2008 ranking of colleges and universities, only 14 schools in the nation produced more Peace Corps volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-Peace_Corps_Top_Colleges_and_Universities_2008-72">[70]</a> Pitt's graduate school also ranked tenth for most alumni Peace Corps volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-webster-73">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainability">Sustainability</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sustainability" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Third-party plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may rely excessively on sources <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">too closely associated with the subject</a>, potentially preventing the article from being <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit">improve it</a> by replacing them with more appropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_independent_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying and using independent sources">reliable, independent, third-party sources</a>. (April 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The University of Pittsburgh has undertaken programs to improve <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> initiatives and practices. Pitt started programs in ecology and established biological field stations in 1926.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> In 1990, Pitt was one of the first 22 signatories of the <a href="/wiki/Talloires_Declaration" title="Talloires Declaration">Talloires Declaration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> In 2003, Pitt founded its Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation.<a href="#cite_note-:0-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> In 2013, Pitt released its first sustainability report<a href="#cite_note-sustain2013-78">[76]</a> and in 2014 celebrated a "Year of Sustainability"<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> by launching a Student Office of Sustainability that now has over 25 affiliated student organizations.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> In 2018, Pitt published its first comprehensive "Pitt Sustainability Plan",<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> established the Office of Sustainability,<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> and hired its first director of sustainability.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> In 2020, Pitt committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2037 (its 250th anniversary)<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> and its first climate action plan came out in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Pitt received a <a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Sustainability_in_Higher_Education#STARS" title="Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education">AASHE STARS</a> Gold rating in 2021,<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> building on its Silver rating from 2018,<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> has long been on <a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">The Princeton Review</a>'s "Green Colleges" list,<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> been included on the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>'s Green Powered Universities list since 2018,<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> won multiple Sustainable Pittsburgh Challenges,<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> and has other <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sustainable.pitt.edu/what-pitt-is-doing/">third-party recognitions</a>. In 2018, the university announced its intention to buy all of the electricity from a run-of-the-river hydro power facility to be built by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ryedevelopment.com/">Rye Development</a> at Allegheny Lock and Dam No. 2 on the Allegheny River in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> In 2020, the university announced a second local renewable power purchasing agreement, for solar power to be built on the border of <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of counties in Pennsylvania">Beaver and Allegheny counties</a> near Pittsburgh International Airport.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> The university has been criticized for some of its financial investments, namely those in the <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a> industry.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> In 2020, a Board report disclosed that endowment exposure to fossil fuels had decreased 42% between 2015 and 2020, with zero private investments in fossil fuels by the end of 2035.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Organization_and_administration">Organization and administration</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Organization and administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <table class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.4em; width:280px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">College/school founding </th></tr> <tr> <td>College/school</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Year founded</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences">Arts and Sciences</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1787</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Katz_School_of_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph M. Katz School of Business">Business (graduate)</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1960</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_College_of_Business_Administration" title="University of Pittsburgh College of Business Administration">Business (undergraduate)</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1907</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Dental_Medicine" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine">Dental Medicine</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1896</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Education" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Education">Education</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1910</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swanson_School_of_Engineering" title="Swanson School of Engineering">Engineering</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1846</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_College_of_General_Studies" title="University of Pittsburgh College of General Studies">General Studies</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1932</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Health_and_Rehabilitation_Sciences" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences">Health & Rehabilitation Sciences</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1969</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Honors</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1987</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Computing_and_Information" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Computing and Information">Computing and Information</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2017</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Law" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Law">Law</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1895</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine">Medicine</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1883</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Nursing" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing">Nursing</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1939</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Pharmacy" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1878</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Graduate_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs">Public & International Affairs</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1957</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Graduate_School_of_Public_Health" title="University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health">Public Health</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1948</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Social_Work" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work">Social Work</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1938</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> The university was chartered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1787 and it operated as a fully private institution until an alteration to its charter in 1966 at which point it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_System_of_Higher_Education" title="Commonwealth System of Higher Education">Commonwealth System of Higher Education</a>. This conferred "state-related" status to the university making it a legal instrument of the Commonwealth which provides an annual financial appropriation, currently 7.7% of the university's total operating budget,<a href="#cite_note-Rites_of_Passage-98">[96]</a> in exchange for the university offering tuition discounts to students who are residents of Pennsylvania. Legally, however, the university remains a private entity, operating under its nonprofit corporate charter, governed by its independent Board of Trustees, and with its assets under its own ownership and control. Therefore, it retains the freedom and individuality of a private institution, both administratively and academically, setting its own standards for admissions, awarding of degrees, faculty qualifications, teaching, and staff hiring.<a href="#cite_note-102">[c]</a> The university's board of trustees maintains ultimate legal authority, governance, and responsibility for the university but specifically reserves authority over selecting the university's chancellor; approval of major policies, particularly those related to the fiduciary responsibilities of the board; and the definition of the university's mission and goals. It is made up of 36 voting members: chancellor, 17 term trustees elected by the board, 6 alumni trustees elected by the board on nomination from the Alumni Association Board of directors, and 12 Commonwealth trustees. The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Pennsylvania">governor of Pennsylvania</a>, the president pro tempore of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Senate">Pennsylvania Senate</a>, and the speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a> each appoints four of the 12 Commonwealth trustees. Additional non-voting trustees include 14 special trustees and additional emeritus trustees selected by the board. Non-voting ex-officio members include the governor of Pennsylvania, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Pennsylvania" title="Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania">secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</a>, the chief executive of <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Allegheny County</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Pittsburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Pittsburgh">mayor of Pittsburgh</a>. There are three or more regular meetings of the Board of Trustees per year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts198663-103">[100]</a> The Board of Trustees selects the university's chancellor, who doubles as the chief academic officer and the chief executive of the university as well as serving as an ex officio voting member of the board of trustees. The chancellor is delegated with general administrative, academic, and management authority over the university. Under the chancellor are the provost and senior vice chancellor, the senior vice chancellor for health sciences, the deans of the various schools, the presidents of the regional campuses, department chairs, and the directors of university centers and institutes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts198663-103">[100]</a> The university is accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_States_Association_of_Colleges_and_Schools" title="Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools">Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools</a>.<a href="#cite_note-factbook-3">[3]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Academics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Throughout its history, Pitt has been committed to a liberal arts education with a curriculum in the arts, sciences, and humanities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts198617-19">[17]</a> Pitt also has emphasized undergraduate research experience and opportunities such as co-ops and internships.<a href="#cite_note-undergrad-research-104">[101]</a> Undergraduate degrees can be earned as Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and Bachelor of Philosophy. Along with providing certificate programs, graduate level master's, professional, and doctoral degrees are also awarded. Pitt has also initiated a university-wide Outside the Classroom Curriculum (OCC) that includes a structured series of extracurricular programs and experiences designed to complement students' academic studies and help develop personal attributes and professional skills.<a href="#cite_note-Outside_the_Classroom_Curriculum:_Your_Pitt_Pathway-105">[102]</a> Students who complete the OCC requirements receive an OCC "transcript" and a green cord of distinction to wear at commencement.<sup id="cite_ref-Pitt_to_Offer_Students_Opportunity_to_Develop_Professional_Skills_Through_Extracurricular_Experiences_in_a_New_Program:_Outside_the_Classroom_Curriculum_to_be_implemented_this_fall_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitt_to_Offer_Students_Opportunity_to_Develop_Professional_Skills_Through_Extracurricular_Experiences_in_a_New_Program:_Outside_the_Classroom_Curriculum_to_be_implemented_this_fall-106">[103]</a> Pitt offers free workshops and certification programs such as a pedagogy certification badge<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> and a semester-long public education mentorship program.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Distinguished undergraduate programs are offered through the David C. Frederick Honors College.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> The freshman level entry schools include the <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences">Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences</a>, the College of Business Administration, the Swanson School of Engineering, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Nursing" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing">School of Nursing</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undergraduate_admissions">Undergraduate admissions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Undergraduate admissions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="float:right; clear:right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Undergraduate admissions statistics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="position:relative;">2022 entering class<a href="#cite_note-FallEnrollmentReport-110">[107]</a></div><hr></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admit rate</th><td class="infobox-data">49.1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Yield_(college_admissions)" title="Yield (college admissions)">Yield rate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16.8</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">Test scores <a href="/wiki/Interquartile_range" title="Interquartile range">middle 50%</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> Total</th><td class="infobox-data">1280-1470 (among 47% of <a href="/wiki/Freshman" title="Freshman">FTFs</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ACT_(test)" title="ACT (test)">ACT</a> Composite</th><td class="infobox-data">28-33 (among 16% of <a href="/wiki/Freshman" title="Freshman">FTFs</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> The 2022 annual ranking of <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> categorizes University of Pittsburgh as "more selective".<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> For the Class of 2026 (enrolled fall 2022), Pitt received 53,062 applications and accepted 26,077 (49.1%). Of those accepted, 4,399 enrolled, a <a href="/wiki/Yield_(college_admissions)" title="Yield (college admissions)">yield rate</a> (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) of 16.8%.<a href="#cite_note-FallEnrollmentReport-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> Pitt's freshman <a href="/wiki/University_student_retention" title="University student retention">retention rate</a> is 93.4%, with 84.3% going on to graduate within six years.<a href="#cite_note-FallEnrollmentReport-110">[107]</a> The university started test-optional admissions with the Fall 2021 incoming class in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and has extended this through Fall 2025. Of the 49% of enrolled freshmen in 2021 who submitted <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1250-1470.<a href="#cite_note-FallEnrollmentReport-110">[107]</a> Of the 16% of the incoming freshman class who submitted <a href="/wiki/ACT_(test)" title="ACT (test)">ACT</a> scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 28 and 33.<a href="#cite_note-FallEnrollmentReport-110">[107]</a> Pitt is a college-sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 3 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 10 freshman students were <a href="/wiki/National_Merit_Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="National Merit Scholars">National Merit Scholars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left; font-size:90%; margin:10px;"> <caption>Fall First-Time Freshman Statistics <a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> <a href="#cite_note-FallEnrollmentReport-110">[107]</a> <a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> <a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> <a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> <a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2022</th> <th>2021</th> <th>2020</th> <th>2019</th> <th>2018</th> <th>2017 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Applicants </th> <td>53,072</td> <td>34,656</td> <td>32,549</td> <td>32,091</td> <td>29,857</td> <td>27,679 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Admits </th> <td>26,079</td> <td>23,109</td> <td>20,791</td> <td>18,180</td> <td>17,696</td> <td>16,528 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Admit rate </th> <td>49.1</td> <td>66.7</td> <td>63.9</td> <td>56.7</td> <td>59.3</td> <td>59.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Enrolled </th> <td>4,390</td> <td>4,875</td> <td>4,230</td> <td>4,026</td> <td>4,126</td> <td>4,019 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Yield rate </th> <td>16.8</td> <td>21.1</td> <td>20.3</td> <td>22.1</td> <td>23.3</td> <td>24.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>ACT composite* (out of 36) </th> <td>29-33 (16%†) </td> <td>28-33 (16%†)</td> <td>28-32 (33%†)</td> <td>28-33 (34%†)</td> <td>28-33 (41%†)</td> <td>27-32 (50%†) </td></tr> <tr> <th>SAT composite* (out of 1600) </th> <td>1280-1470 (49%†) </td> <td>1250-1470 (49%†)</td> <td>1243-1420 (81%†)</td> <td>1260-1440 (83%†)</td> <td>1270-1430 (81%†)</td> <td>1240-1420 (78%†) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">* middle 50% range † percentage of first-time freshmen who chose to submit </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_studies">International studies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International studies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indianroom2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Indianroom2.jpg/220px-Indianroom2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1056"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Indianroom2.jpg/220px-Indianroom2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Indianroom2.jpg/330px-Indianroom2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Indianroom2.jpg/440px-Indianroom2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Indian Classroom, one of 31 <a href="/wiki/Nationality_Rooms" title="Nationality Rooms">Nationality Rooms</a> in the Cathedral of Learning</figcaption></figure> The university's historic emphasis on international studies is physically present in its collection of 31 <a href="/wiki/Nationality_Rooms" title="Nationality Rooms">Nationality Rooms</a> on the first and third floors of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>. Pitt is also one of the country's leading producers of both Fulbright scholars and Peace Corps volunteers,<a href="#cite_note-chancellor-2006-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-University_Center_for_International_Studies_(UCIS)-119">[116]</a> and one of fewer than 20 American universities to claim five or more area studies programs that have been competitively designated as National Resource Centers by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pitt-fall-07-120">[117]</a> Pitt's National Resource Centers include Asian, European, Latin American, Russian and East European, and Global studies,<a href="#cite_note-ritchie-121">[118]</a> as well as Pitt's International Business Center.<a href="#cite_note-pitt-fall-07-120">[117]</a> In addition, Pitt's Asian Studies Center has been awarded status as a <a href="/wiki/Confucius_Institute" title="Confucius Institute">Confucius Institute</a> by the Chinese Ministry of Education.<a href="#cite_note-Chinese_Ministry_of_Education_Awards_University_of_Pittsburgh_First_Confucius_Institute_in_Pennsylvania-122">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-Confucius_Institute_at_the_University_of_Pittsburgh-123">[120]</a> Further, Pitt is home to one of just ten <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Centers_of_Excellence" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Centers of Excellence">European Union Centers of Excellence</a> in the U.S., funded by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Center_for_International_Studies" title="University of Pittsburgh Center for International Studies">University Center for International Studies</a> (UCIS) coordinates international education curricula, centers on topical specializations in international studies, and the centers for area studies, including the National Resource Centers, among existing faculty and departments throughout the university. It does not confer degrees, but awards certificates of attainment to degree candidates in the university's schools and also operates certificate programs in African Studies (undergraduate) and in Global Studies (undergraduate & graduate).<a href="#cite_note-about-ucis-125">[122]</a> UCIS also operates the Study Abroad Office,<a href="#cite_note-Study_Abroad_Office-126">[123]</a> Nationality Rooms and Intercultural Exchange Programs.<a href="#cite_note-about_nationality_rooms-127">[124]</a> Pitt's study abroad program, under the auspices of UCIS, helps to facilitate student study in over a hundred different countries, and oversees a variety of programs including the Panther Programs, which are course taught abroad that have been developed and are accompanied by faculty of the university; two-way exchange agreements with foreign institutions; and Pitt-recognized, third-party exchange programs.<a href="#cite_note-Study_Abroad_Program_Options-128">[125]</a> The university also offers several study abroad scholarships, including those through the Nationality Rooms program.<a href="#cite_note-Scholarships_for_Study_Abroad-129">[126]</a> In addition, following the decision to end a 24-year sponsorship of the <a href="/wiki/Semester_at_Sea" title="Semester at Sea">Semester at Sea</a> program due to academic, administrative and safety concerns,<a href="#cite_note-Provost_explains_decision_to_drop_Semester_at_Sea-130">[127]</a> Pitt has created a Multi-region Academic Program (PittMAP) that involves international travel, accompanied by university faculty, to three different continents for the comparative study of one of six rotating global study themes.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Map_Program-131">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-robinet-132">[129]</a> Further, Pitt's <a href="/wiki/Swanson_School_of_Engineering" title="Swanson School of Engineering">Swanson School of Engineering</a> has also established a joint engineering institute and program with <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_University" title="Sichuan University">Sichuan University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Sichuan-133">[130]</a> and Pitt's <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a> has established an exchange program for biomedical research students with <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China.<a href="#cite_note-Tsinghua-134">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rankings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="College and university rankings in the United States">Academic rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">National</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Top_Colleges" title="America's Top Colleges">Forbes</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Forbes_NU-135">[132]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">152</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_NU-136">[133]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">67</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly_college_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Monthly college rankings">Washington Monthly</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Wamo_NU-137">[134]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">90</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">WSJ</a>/College Pulse<a href="#cite_note-Rankings_WSJ_NU-138">[135]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">83</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">Global</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_ARWU-139">[136]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">90</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_QS_W-140">[137]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">222</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_THES_W-141">[138]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">141</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_Universities_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_W-142">[139]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">50</td></tr></tbody></table> In its 2023-2024 rankings, <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> ranked Pitt 67th among national universities.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> Princeton Review placed Pitt among its "Best Value Public Colleges",<a href="#cite_note-PRbestvalue-144">[141]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Kiplinger" title="Kiplinger">Kiplinger</a> rated Pitt the best value in Pennsylvania and thirty-sixth best nationally for out-of-state students among public universities in their 2016 rankings.<a href="#cite_note-KiplingerBV-145">[142]</a> The 2017 Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education college rankings of American universities ranked Pitt 75th overall, and the No. 1 public college in the Northeast.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> In worldwide evaluations of universities, <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> ranked Pitt 37th in its "The Top 100 Global Universities."<a href="#cite_note-The_Complete_List:_The_Top_100_Global_Universities-147">[144]</a> Pitt ranked 43rd worldwide in the 2017 Center for World University Rankings.<a href="#cite_note-CWUR_2016-148">[145]</a> Pitt is also ranked 90th worldwide (and 42nd in the U.S.) in the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>. Pitt ranked 100th globally in the 2017/18 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a>. Pitt ranks 25th of all universities in the world for the impact and performance of its 2016 scientific public publications according to the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities produced by the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Evaluation_and_Accreditation_Council_of_Taiwan" title="Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan">Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan</a> (HEEACT).<a href="#cite_note-HEEACT-149">[146]</a> Pitt ranks as the 42nd best higher education research institution worldwide according to <a href="/wiki/SCImago" class="mw-redirect" title="SCImago">SCImago</a> Institutions Rankings' 2016 World Report.<a href="#cite_note-SCImago-150">[147]</a> In his 1985 book, Public Ivies: A Guide to America's Best Public Undergraduate Colleges and Universities, Richard Moll included the University of Pittsburgh as one of the Public Ivy "worthy runners-up."<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> In addition to its academic rankings, Pitt has also been recognized for its positive campus atmosphere, with <a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">The Princeton Review</a> rating Pitt as having the eighth happiest student body and the 11th best quality of life in the nation in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Mucha-152">[149]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CoLCommonsRoomUPitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CoLCommonsRoomUPitt.jpg/220px-CoLCommonsRoomUPitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CoLCommonsRoomUPitt.jpg/220px-CoLCommonsRoomUPitt.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CoLCommonsRoomUPitt.jpg/330px-CoLCommonsRoomUPitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CoLCommonsRoomUPitt.jpg/440px-CoLCommonsRoomUPitt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The 52 ft (16 m) high, half acre (2,000 m2) <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning#Commons_Room" title="Cathedral of Learning">Commons Room</a> of the Cathedral of Learning serves as a major study and event space for the university and its students.</figcaption></figure> Pitt's <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Law" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Law">law school</a> was ranked tied for 78th in the U.S. in 2022 by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Social_Work" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work">University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work</a>'s MSW program was ranked tied for 17th in the U.S. by U.S. News & World Report in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR-154">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholars">Scholars</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Scholars" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Pitt students and faculty have regularly won national and international scholarships and fellowship awards, including eight <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarships</a> and ten <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Scholarship" title="Marshall Scholarship">Marshall Scholarships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Scholar_winners_2013-155">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-pitt4-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> In 2007, Pitt was one of only nine universities, and the only public university, to claim both Rhodes and Marshall Scholars. Since 1995, Pitt undergraduates have also won a total of five <a href="/wiki/Truman_Scholarships" class="mw-redirect" title="Truman Scholarships">Truman Scholarships</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_grad_named_2010_Rhodes_Scholar-158">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-Scholar_winners_2013-155">[152]</a> seven <a href="/wiki/Morris_K._Udall_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris K. Udall Foundation">Udall Scholarships</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Scholarship" title="Churchill Scholarship">Churchill Scholarship</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gates_Cambridge_Scholarship" title="Gates Cambridge Scholarship">Gates Cambridge Scholarship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-white-159">[156]</a> 43 <a href="/wiki/Barry_M._Goldwater_Scholarship" title="Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship">Goldwater Scholarships</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Goldwater-160">[157]</a> 23 <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Education_Program" title="National Security Education Program">Boren Scholarships</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Four_Pitt_Honors_College_Students_Receive_2010_David_L._Boren_Awards_for_International_Study-161">[158]</a> and three Mellon Humanities Fellowships.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_students_win_Truman,_Goldwater_scholarships-162">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pitt_students_win_Goldwater,_Udall_scholarships-163">[160]</a> Pitt is also a leading producer of <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright</a> scholars, placing in the top 20 among all universities for total number of student Fulbright scholars.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> Pitt alumni have won awards such as the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>, the Nobel Prize in medicine, the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for fiction, the <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a> in medicine, the <a href="/wiki/Albany_Medical_Center_Prize" title="Albany Medical Center Prize">Albany Prize</a> in medicine, the <a href="/wiki/John_Fritz_Medal" title="John Fritz Medal">Fritz Medal</a> in engineering, the <a href="/wiki/Templeton_Prize" title="Templeton Prize">Templeton Prize</a>, and the Grainger Challenge Prize for sustainability.<a href="#cite_note-chancellor-2006-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-armanlos-165">[162]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Research" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SalkHallSidePitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/SalkHallSidePitt.jpg/220px-SalkHallSidePitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/SalkHallSidePitt.jpg/220px-SalkHallSidePitt.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/SalkHallSidePitt.jpg/330px-SalkHallSidePitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/SalkHallSidePitt.jpg/440px-SalkHallSidePitt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salk_Hall" title="Salk Hall">Salk Hall</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a>'s team performed the research that led to the first <a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">polio vaccine</a>, is also the home of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Dental_Medicine" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine">School of Dental Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Pharmacy" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy">School of Pharmacy</a>.</figcaption></figure> Pitt is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> ranked Pitt 18th among American universities for research and development expenditures in 2021 with $1.13 billion.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> Pitt ranked in the top 25 of all universities in the world for the impact and performance of its scientific public publications, including in the top ten for clinical medicine, according to the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities produced by the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-HEEACT-149">[146]</a> Pitt is also ranked 29th in the world based on Essential Science Indicators according to the Research Center for Chinese Science Evaluation of <a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University" title="Wuhan University">Wuhan University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wuhan-168">[165]</a> Pitt places much emphasis on undergraduate research and has integrated such research experience as a key component of its undergraduate experience.<a href="#cite_note-undergrad-research-104">[101]</a> Pitt is a major center of biomedical research; in FY 2013, it ranked sixth in the nation in competitive peer-reviewed <a href="/wiki/NIH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIH">NIH</a> funding allocations,<a href="#cite_note-NIHrank-169">[166]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</a> ranked tenth among hospitals nationwide by USNews in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-UT_UPMC_HonorRoll-170">[167]</a> Pitt neighbors the campus of <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> (CMU), and in some cases, buildings of the two universities are intermingled. This helps to facilitate a myriad of academic and research collaborations between the two schools,<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> including such projects as the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Supercomputing_Center" title="Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center">Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Life_Sciences_Greenhouse" title="Pittsburgh Life Sciences Greenhouse">Pittsburgh Life Sciences Greenhouse</a>, the Immune Modeling Center, the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Cancer_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute">University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute</a>, as well as the National Science Foundation-supported Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> Further, the universities also offer multiple dual and joint degree programs such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Medicine#MD/PhD_Program" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine">Medical Scientist Training Program</a>, the Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Graduate Program, and the Law and Business Administration program. Some professors hold joint professorships between the two schools, and students at each university may take classes at the other (with appropriate approvals).<a href="#cite_note-PCHE_Cross_Registration-174">[171]</a> Pitt students and faculty also have access to the CMU library system, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Library_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh</a>, through the Oakland Library Consortium.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> The two universities also co-host academic conferences, such as the 2012 Second Language Research Forum.<a href="#cite_note-SLRF_2012-176">[173]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Student life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Student body composition as of May 2, 2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White</a> </td> <td align="right">67% </td> <td align="left">67<div style="width:134px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">12% </td> <td align="left">12<div style="width:24px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> </td> <td align="right">6% </td> <td align="left">6<div style="width:12px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other<a href="#cite_note-178">[d]</a> </td> <td align="right">6% </td> <td align="left">6<div style="width:12px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td align="right">5% </td> <td align="left">5<div style="width:10px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_national" title="Foreign national">Foreign national</a> </td> <td align="right">4% </td> <td align="left">4<div style="width:8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Economic_diversity" title="Economic diversity">Economic diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_lower_class" title="American lower class">Low-income</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[e]</a> </td> <td align="right">14% </td> <td align="left">14<div style="width:28px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluent</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[f]</a> </td> <td align="right">86% </td> <td align="left">86<div style="width:172px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Housing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Litchfield_Towers_in_Pittsburgh_in_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Litchfield_Towers_in_Pittsburgh_in_2016.jpg/220px-Litchfield_Towers_in_Pittsburgh_in_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4183" data-file-height="4183"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Litchfield_Towers_in_Pittsburgh_in_2016.jpg/220px-Litchfield_Towers_in_Pittsburgh_in_2016.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Litchfield_Towers_in_Pittsburgh_in_2016.jpg/330px-Litchfield_Towers_in_Pittsburgh_in_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Litchfield_Towers_in_Pittsburgh_in_2016.jpg/440px-Litchfield_Towers_in_Pittsburgh_in_2016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Litchfield_Towers" title="Litchfield Towers">Litchfield Towers</a>, Pitt's largest and tallest residence hall</figcaption></figure> Undergraduate student housing comprises both traditional residence halls and apartment style housing. On the lower campus, the three cylindrical towers of the <a href="/wiki/Litchfield_Towers" title="Litchfield Towers">Litchfield Towers</a> complex houses the most students on campus and contains the primary dining facility for the university. The <a href="/wiki/Schenley_Quadrangle" title="Schenley Quadrangle">Schenley Quadrangle</a>, originally serving as one of city's most desirably luxury apartment complexes, comprises five separate residence halls: Amos, Brackenridge, Bruce, Holland, and McCormick. Bruce Hall houses many Honors College and Living and Learning Community (LLC) students, Holland Hall formerly served as an all female residence, and Amos Hall serves as the primary home of the university's sororities with each floor being occupied by a different Greek organization. <a href="/wiki/Ruskin_Hall" title="Ruskin Hall">Ruskin Hall</a> is located near <a href="/wiki/Clapp_Hall" title="Clapp Hall">Clapp Hall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Clapp/Langley/Crawford_Complex" title="Clapp/Langley/Crawford Complex">biological complex</a>. Completed in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Nordenberg_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordenberg Hall">Nordenberg Hall</a> is the newest residence hall houses freshmen. <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Hall" title="Forbes Hall">Forbes Hall</a>, located on Forbes Avenue, houses mainly freshmen involved in LLCs (Living Learning Communities). <a href="/wiki/Lothrop_Hall" title="Lothrop Hall">Lothrop Hall</a>, originally built as a nursing student residence, houses students on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center">medical center complex</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bouquet_Gardens" title="Bouquet Gardens">Bouquet Gardens</a> offers garden style apartments mostly to upperclassmen. The Forbes Craig Apartments serve as the primary residence for Honors College students. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SutherlandHallpathPitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/SutherlandHallpathPitt.jpg/170px-SutherlandHallpathPitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="986"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/SutherlandHallpathPitt.jpg/170px-SutherlandHallpathPitt.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/SutherlandHallpathPitt.jpg/255px-SutherlandHallpathPitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/SutherlandHallpathPitt.jpg/340px-SutherlandHallpathPitt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Sutherland Hall on the upper campus is named for legendary Pitt football coach <a href="/wiki/Jock_Sutherland" title="Jock Sutherland">Jock Sutherland</a>.</figcaption></figure> The upper campus houses <a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutherland Hall">Sutherland Hall</a>, home of several Living Learning Communities, as well as <a href="/wiki/Panther_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Panther Hall">Panther Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hall_(Pittsburgh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Hall (Pittsburgh)">Irvis Hall</a>, which mainly house upperclassmen. Various fraternity housing is also found on the upper campus, as well as the Darragh Street Apartments which house medical students within a short walk to medical school's <a href="/wiki/Scaife_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaife Hall">Scaife Hall</a>. Many students, especially upperclassmen, also choose to live off campus in the nearby <a href="/wiki/South_Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="South Oakland">South Oakland</a> neighborhood in both university and non-university owned apartments. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditions">Traditions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Traditions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walk_the_Moon_performs_at_University_of_Pittsburgh_Fall_Fest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Walk_the_Moon_performs_at_University_of_Pittsburgh_Fall_Fest.jpg/220px-Walk_the_Moon_performs_at_University_of_Pittsburgh_Fall_Fest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3044" data-file-height="2435"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Walk_the_Moon_performs_at_University_of_Pittsburgh_Fall_Fest.jpg/220px-Walk_the_Moon_performs_at_University_of_Pittsburgh_Fall_Fest.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Walk_the_Moon_performs_at_University_of_Pittsburgh_Fall_Fest.jpg/330px-Walk_the_Moon_performs_at_University_of_Pittsburgh_Fall_Fest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Walk_the_Moon_performs_at_University_of_Pittsburgh_Fall_Fest.jpg/440px-Walk_the_Moon_performs_at_University_of_Pittsburgh_Fall_Fest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Rock band <a href="/wiki/Walk_the_Moon" title="Walk the Moon">Walk the Moon</a> performs at Fall Fest 2015</figcaption></figure> Several traditions have become part of student life at Pitt over the years. One of the oldest traditions is "Lantern Night", an annual ceremony that serves as a formal induction for freshman women to university life.<a href="#cite_note-Rites_of_Passage-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-CMU,_Pitt_rate_as_good_neighbors-65">[63]</a> The tradition of sliding or stepping on the former home plate of <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Field" title="Forbes Field">Forbes Field</a> embedded in the floor of <a href="/wiki/Posvar_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Posvar Hall">Posvar Hall</a> is performed by students in search of some good luck.<a href="#cite_note-Campus_tour_map-181">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-''University_of_Pittsburgh''_(''Off_the_Record'')-182">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Pittsburgh6-183">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-wojcichowski-184">[178]</a> Another good luck tradition involves rubbing the nose of the <a href="/wiki/Panthers_of_Pittsburgh#Millennium_Panther" title="Panthers of Pittsburgh">Millennium Panther</a> outside the <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Union" title="William Pitt Union">William Pitt Union</a> prior to exams.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Alumn_Association:_Traditions:_When_You_Wish_Upon_a_Panther-185">[179]</a> Originated by students seeking good luck on exams, this tradition has further grown into one that is used by the wider university community when seeking general good fortune, particularly prior to football games or other athletic contests, and was featured in a national television advertisement for the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Tucson" title="Hyundai Tucson">Hyundai Tucson</a> automobile.<a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a> A romantic tradition involves the legend stating that if lovers kiss on the steps of <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Memorial_Chapel" title="Heinz Memorial Chapel">Heinz Memorial Chapel</a>, they are then destined to be married there.<a href="#cite_note-PAAtraditions-187">[181]</a> Perhaps the most prestigious tradition involves the Omicron Delta Kappa Walk, a stone walkway between the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a> and Heinz Chapel that contains the engraved names of Pitt's <a href="/wiki/Omicron_Delta_Kappa" title="Omicron Delta Kappa">Omicron Delta Kappa</a> Senior of the Year award winners.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Honors_College_Senior_Greg_Heller-LaBelle_Named_2006_Omicron_Delta_Kappa_Senior_of_the_Year-188">[182]</a> Annual traditional events include "Fall Fest",<a href="#cite_note-Students_celebrate_Fall_Fest-20">[18]</a> and in the spring, "Bigelow Bash". These festivals are held by the Pitt Program Council between the <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Union" title="William Pitt Union">William Pitt Union</a> and the Cathedral of Learning and involve a range of activities, novelties, and bands.<a href="#cite_note-Bigelow_Bash_features_Queens_of_the_Stone_Age_and_a_friendly_monkey-189">[183]</a> Related to graduation, there is Honors Convocation, where awards and recognition are bestowed upon students, faculty, alumni, and staff throughout the schools and departments of the university.<a href="#cite_note-Honors_Convocation-54">[52]</a> Also, the "Panther Sendoff" is a free annual reception typically held in <a href="/wiki/Alumni_Hall_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)">Alumni Hall</a> to congratulate each year's graduating class and wish them well.<a href="#cite_note-Student_Traditions-190">[184]</a> A free event open to the public, the <a href="/wiki/Nationality_Rooms" title="Nationality Rooms">Nationality Rooms</a> Open House occurs on a Sunday in early December each year in the Cathedral of Learning and involves the presentation of the rooms decorated in traditional holiday styles, day-long performances of dance and song by various ethnic groups, and food and crafts from many of the nationality room's committees.<a href="#cite_note-WESA_Nationality_Room_Open_House-191">[185]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PittVarsityWalk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PittVarsityWalk.jpg/220px-PittVarsityWalk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2933" data-file-height="1890"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PittVarsityWalk.jpg/220px-PittVarsityWalk.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PittVarsityWalk.jpg/330px-PittVarsityWalk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PittVarsityWalk.jpg/440px-PittVarsityWalk.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Varsity Walk</figcaption></figure> Traditions related to athletics include the "Victory Lights", where golden flood lights illuminate the top of the Cathedral of Learning after every football victory and select other athletic achievements.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_traditions-192">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-pittnews-193">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Secrets_of_the_Cathedral:_Starting_at_the_top-194">[188]</a> The Annual Bonfire and Pep Rally which is hosted by the Pitt Program Council and is held prior to a select football game. Held on the lawn of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>, it often involves the band, cheerleaders, football team, visiting dignitaries, and giveaways.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_traditions-192">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Turning_up_the_heat-195">[189]</a> Homecoming, which revolves around another home football game each year, includes a traditional fireworks and a laser-light display between the <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Union" title="William Pitt Union">William Pitt Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-youtube-196">[190]</a> The Varsity Walk, a walkway between the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Memorial_Chapel" title="Heinz Memorial Chapel">Heinz Memorial Chapel</a>, is carved each year the names of former Pitt athletes (each year since 1950) who have promoted the university through their athletic (Panther Award) or academic (Blue-Gold Award) achievements.<a href="#cite_note-The_Varsity_Walk-197">[191]</a> "Greek Week" is a yearlong initiative for the Greek organizations on campus to raise money for different charitable organizations through different events. The two biggest events each year are the Pitt Dance Marathon and Greek Sing. Yearlong fundraising activities are also held to support such charitable organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McDonald_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald McDonald House">Ronald McDonald House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Make_a_Wish_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Make a Wish Foundation">Make a Wish Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Cancer_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute">University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute</a>, and the Pittsburgh Food Bank.<a href="#cite_note-Greekweek-198">[192]</a> "E-Week" is a spring celebration organized by the Engineer Student Council for a week-long series of activities and competitions to demonstrate engineering skills and foster a spirit of camaraderie. Activities include games such as Monopoly, Ingenuity, Jeopardy, Assassins, and include a talent show, relay race, mini-Olympics, and blood drive. The festivities reach climax with a parade on Friday, a soapbox derby on Saturday, and the "e-ball finale" on Saturday evening. Each year, a unique theme is chosen. Each engineering department competes against the others, while some smaller departments join forces.<a href="#cite_note-E-Week's_50th_Anniversary-199">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pitt's_School_of_Engineering_Holds_50th_Annual_E-Week_March_18%E2%80%9326:_Pittopoly,_Duct_Tape_Challenge,_and_Soap_Box_Derby_part_of_this_year's_festivities-200">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitt_Arts">Pitt Arts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Pitt Arts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StephenFosterWinter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/StephenFosterWinter.jpg/220px-StephenFosterWinter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="671"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/StephenFosterWinter.jpg/220px-StephenFosterWinter.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/StephenFosterWinter.jpg/330px-StephenFosterWinter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/StephenFosterWinter.jpg/440px-StephenFosterWinter.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Pitt's <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster_Memorial" title="Stephen Foster Memorial">Stephen Foster Memorial</a> contains two theaters</figcaption></figure> Pitt Arts is a program founded by the university in 1997 to encourage students to explore and connect to the art and cultural opportunities of the City of Pittsburgh via three programs. Art Encounters provides trips to arts events for undergrads that include free tickets, transportation, a catered reception, and encounters with international artists and thinkers. Free Visits grants undergrad and grad students free admission using their Pitt IDs to the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museums_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museums_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Museum of Natural History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinz_History_Center" title="Heinz History Center">Senator John Heinz History Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phipps_Conservatory_%26_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens">Phipps Conservatory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mattress_Factory" title="Mattress Factory">Mattress Factory</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museums_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh">Andy Warhol Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_arts-201">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-PITT_ARTS_Reaches_More_Than_32,000_Participants_This_Year-202">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_theater">Student theater</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Student theater" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Various student theater groups convene at Pitt. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Stages" title="University of Pittsburgh Stages">University of Pittsburgh Stages</a> is the production company of the Department of Theatre Arts which puts public student performances of classic masterpieces, contemporary productions, and student-directed labs. It also runs the Shakespeare-in-the-Schools which tours classic theater for K-12 students throughout the Pittsburgh area.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_Pittsburgh_Department_of_Theatre_Arts-203">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Friday_Nite_Improvs" title="Friday Nite Improvs">Friday Nite Improvs</a>, Pittsburgh's longest-running theatre show, was started in 1989 by graduate theatre students. It takes place weekly inside the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>'s studio theatre.<a href="#cite_note-204">[198]</a> The Redeye Theatre Project is a festival of one-act plays cast, written, and rehearsed in 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-Redeye_Theatre_Project-205">[199]</a> Pitt Musical Theater Club provides undergraduates the opportunity to perform in student-directed variety shows and musicals. The club was founded in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Musical_Theater_Club-206">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_music">Student music</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Student music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Music_Building,_University_of_Pittsburgh,_2019-09-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Music_Building%2C_University_of_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-30.jpg/220px-Music_Building%2C_University_of_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="2172"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Music_Building%2C_University_of_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-30.jpg/220px-Music_Building%2C_University_of_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-30.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Music_Building%2C_University_of_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-30.jpg/330px-Music_Building%2C_University_of_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Music_Building%2C_University_of_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-30.jpg/440px-Music_Building%2C_University_of_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-30.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Music_Building_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Music Building (University of Pittsburgh)">Music Building</a> once served as home to the original studio for <a href="/wiki/Mr._Rogers%27_Neighborhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood">Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood</a>.</figcaption></figure> The University of Pittsburgh has three University recognized choirs, in founding order they are listed below: The <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Men%27s_Glee_Club" title="Pitt Men's Glee Club">Pitt Men's Glee Club</a>, founded in 1890, is the oldest extracurricular club on campus.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Men's_Glee_Club-207">[201]</a> The club includes both undergraduate and graduate students from throughout the university. Traditionally, the Glee Club has sung for a variety of campus-wide and community functions, including graduations, receptions, alumni gatherings, sporting events, and chancellor's events. The Glee Club has also participated in national Collegiate Men's Choir festivals and international tours and music festivals in both the United States and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Men's_Glee_Club-207">[201]</a> The University of Pittsburgh Women's Choral Ensemble, founded in 1927,<a href="#cite_note-208">[202]</a> is open to all women of the university including undergraduates, graduate students, and staff. The ensemble leads the traditional lamplighter processional each fall and performs repertory ranging from traditional sacred and secular classics to international folk songs, popular music, and show tunes.<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_Music:_Women's_Choral_Ensemble-209">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Chapel_Choir" title="Heinz Chapel Choir">Heinz Chapel Choir</a> is an accomplished and internationally known<a href="#cite_note-Heinz_Chapel_choir_program-210">[204]</a> a cappella choir consisting entirely of Pitt students that has been performing for over 70 years.<a href="#cite_note-Heinz_Chapel_Choir-211">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="A_cappella_groups">A cappella groups</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: A cappella groups" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Pitt Pendulums, founded in 1996, is a co-ed a cappella group, the oldest a cappella group on campus. Other a cappella groups on campus include C Flat Run, a co-ed group; Pittch Please, an all-male group; Pitches and Tones, a co-ed group; The Songburghs, a co-ed group; and Sounds Like Treble, an all-female group. All groups on campus regularly perform in various on and off-campus functions and are regular competitors in the ICCA's, the <a href="/wiki/International_Championship_of_Collegiate_A_Cappella" title="International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella">International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella</a>. Most recently, The Songburghs won first place at the ICCA Central Quarterfinal on February 2, 2019. They also went on to place third at the next round, the ICCA Central Semifinal at the University at Buffalo on March 30, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-212">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[207]</a> Carpathian Ensemble, founded within the Department of Music in 1786, performs <a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Gypsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">Klezmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Moldova" title="Music of Moldova">Moldavian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ukraine" title="Music of Ukraine">Ukrainian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Republic of Macedonia">Macedonian</a> music.<a href="#cite_note-214">[208]</a> The University Gamelan, established in 1995, is the largest Sundanese gamelan program in the U.S. and has sponsored an artist-in-residency program each year since 1998.<a href="#cite_note-215">[209]</a> The University of Pittsburgh Orchestra performs several concerts and consists of music students, students from the university at large, faculty, staff, and members of the metropolitan community. The orchestra performs not only works of the standard art music literature, but also new works of student composers.<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_Music:_The_University_Orchestra-216">[210]</a> Pitt Jazz Ensemble, founded in 1969 by saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Davis_(saxophonist)" title="Nathan Davis (saxophonist)">Dr. Davis</a>, has performed internationally.<a href="#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Jazz_Ensemble-217">[211]</a> Pitt African Music and Dance Ensemble, founded in 1983 by a Ghanaian ethnomusicologist Dr. Willie O. Anku, specializes in music and dances from Africa. Under the direction of J. S. Kofi Gbolonyo, it presents a range of African artistic expressions including music, dance, drama and visual arts.<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_Music:_African_Music_and_dance-218">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitt Band">Pitt Band</a>, founded in 1911, is the varsity marching band of the University of Pittsburgh and performs at various athletic and other University events.<a href="#cite_note-219">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_media">Student media</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Student media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WPTS-FM" title="WPTS-FM">WPTS-FM</a> is a non-commercial radio station owned by the University of Pittsburgh, and offers a mix of student-run programming. The station operates at 92.1 <a href="/wiki/Megahertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Megahertz">MHz</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Effective_radiated_power" title="Effective radiated power">ERP</a> of 16 watts, and is licensed to Pittsburgh.<a href="#cite_note-220">[214]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JURIST" class="mw-redirect" title="JURIST">JURIST</a> is the world's only law-school-based, comprehensive, legal news and research service staffed by a mostly volunteer team of part-time law student reporters, editors and Web developers. It is led by law professor Bernard Hibbitts at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Law" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Law">University of Pittsburgh School of Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[215]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pitt_News" title="The Pitt News">The Pitt News</a> is an independent, student-written, and student-managed newspaper for the university's Oakland (main) campus. Founded in 1908, it is now published Monday through Friday during the school year and Wednesdays during the summer. It circulates 14,000 copies for each issue published.<a href="#cite_note-222">[216]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_lawn,_William_Pitt_Union_(University_of_Pittsburgh).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Front_lawn%2C_William_Pitt_Union_%28University_of_Pittsburgh%29.jpg/220px-Front_lawn%2C_William_Pitt_Union_%28University_of_Pittsburgh%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="739"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Front_lawn%2C_William_Pitt_Union_%28University_of_Pittsburgh%29.jpg/220px-Front_lawn%2C_William_Pitt_Union_%28University_of_Pittsburgh%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Front_lawn%2C_William_Pitt_Union_%28University_of_Pittsburgh%29.jpg/330px-Front_lawn%2C_William_Pitt_Union_%28University_of_Pittsburgh%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Front_lawn%2C_William_Pitt_Union_%28University_of_Pittsburgh%29.jpg/440px-Front_lawn%2C_William_Pitt_Union_%28University_of_Pittsburgh%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Student media and other organizations are largely headquartered within the <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Union" title="William Pitt Union">William Pitt Union</a>, seen here with the <a href="/wiki/Panthers_of_Pittsburgh#Millennium_Panther" title="Panthers of Pittsburgh">Millennium Panther</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Pittiful News is an independent, student-founded, student-written, student-managed, and student-produced satirical and humor newspaper. It comes out on during the school year in print and throughout the entire calendar year online.<a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a></li> <li>UPTV (University of Pittsburgh Television) is a student-managed, student-produced, closed-circuit television station. Students living in campus residence halls or university operated-housing can view programming on Channel 21.<a href="#cite_note-224">[218]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Review" title="Three Rivers Review">Three Rivers Review</a> and Collision are undergraduate, bi-annual, literary journals publishing both poetry and prose.<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a></li> <li>The Pittsburgh Undergraduate Review is a multidisciplinary journal showcasing undergraduate research.,<a href="#cite_note-226">[220]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EH4A0425.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EH4A0425.jpg/220px-EH4A0425.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4725" data-file-height="3150"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EH4A0425.jpg/220px-EH4A0425.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EH4A0425.jpg/330px-EH4A0425.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EH4A0425.jpg/440px-EH4A0425.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Pitt Tonight earned the university its first College Emmy nominations in 2016.</figcaption></figure></li> <li>Pitt Political Review is a student-created, student-written publication of the David C. Frederick Honors College. PPR, as it is called, provides a venue for serious discussion of politics and policy issues in a nonpartisan way.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Political_Review-227">[221]</a></li> <li>Blackline is a student-created, student-written publication of the Black Action Society. Blackline features both news articles and creative pieces such as poetry to call attention to problems, programs, and activities that affect Black students at Pitt.<a href="#cite_note-228">[222]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Original_Magazine" title="The Original Magazine">The Original Magazine</a> is a nonprofit, semiannual arts and culture publication based at, and partially funded by, the University of Pittsburgh, that aims to both bring and publicize accessible art and creative writing to Pittsburgh.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt:_The_Story_of_the_University_of_Pittsburgh_1787%E2%80%9319873-229">[223]</a></li> <li>The Pitt Maverick is an independent paper founded by conservative students.<a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a></li> <li>Pitt Tonight is an American college <a href="/wiki/Late-night_talk_show" title="Late-night talk show">late-night talk show</a> on the University of Pittsburgh campus.<a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a> The show premiered on December 14, 2015, and is produced entirely by students. It is the first large-scale late night production on the school's campus – consisting of more than 70 staff members – with its creator Jesse Irwin serving as the first <a href="/wiki/TV_presenter" class="mw-redirect" title="TV presenter">host</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[227]</a> The program is taped once per month in front of a live <a href="/wiki/Studio_audience" title="Studio audience">studio audience</a>. The show has been nominated for two <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Emmy_Awards" title="Mid-Atlantic Emmy Awards">Mid-Atlantic Emmy Awards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-234">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[229]</a> and won one College Broadcasters Inc. award for Best General Entertainment Program.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_organizations">Student organizations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Student organizations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are over 350 student clubs and organizations at the University of Pittsburgh.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_Pittsburgh_Freshman_Prospectus-236">[230]</a> Some of the organizations are: <ul><li>Black Action Society is the recognized student organization for promoting the cultural, educational, political, and social needs of black students at the university. It comprises nine committees including the publication of the student-run publication BlackLine as well as community outreach, political action, and programing.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-237">[231]</a> BAS has hosted lectures by such figures as <a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a>,<a href="#cite_note-238">[232]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a></li> <li>Blue and Gold Society, founded in 1991, is a group of undergraduate student leaders chosen as liaisons between the student community and the Pitt Alumni Association.<a href="#cite_note-Blue_and_Gold_Society-241">[235]</a></li> <li>Catholic Newman Club, founded in 1915, is the third oldest existing student organization on campus.<a href="#cite_note-242">[236]</a> The club works in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Pittsburgh Oratory of Saint Philip Neri</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[237]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Catholic_University_Students" title="Fellowship of Catholic University Students">Fellowship of Catholic University Students</a>.</li> <li>Graduate and Professional Student Government (GPSG) is the student government that represents the interests of all graduate and professional students and serves as the umbrella organization for all of the graduate/professional school student governments. GPSG's mission is to ensure that the concerns of these students are heard and also provides services and programs such travel grants, legal and financial consulting, and social functions.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_Pittsburgh_Graduate_and_Professional_Student_Association-244">[238]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_International" title="Hillel International">Hillel</a> is a pluralistic Jewish community that serves all Pitt undergraduates. Programs take place on campus and at the Hillel Jewish University Center at 4607 Forbes Avenue. Events include holiday, interfaith, Jewish education, social action, arts and cultural programming as well as no-fee weekly Shabbat services and dinner every Friday night.<a href="#cite_note-Hillel:_Jewish_Student_Union-245">[239]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OaklandZooPitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OaklandZooPitt.jpg/220px-OaklandZooPitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="444"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 126px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OaklandZooPitt.jpg/220px-OaklandZooPitt.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OaklandZooPitt.jpg/330px-OaklandZooPitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OaklandZooPitt.jpg/440px-OaklandZooPitt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Zoo_(cheering_section)" title="Oakland Zoo (cheering section)">The Oakland Zoo</a>, Pitt basketball's student cheering club</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Zoo_(cheering_section)" title="Oakland Zoo (cheering section)">Oakland Zoo</a>, the student athletic cheering section, is an officially recognized student club. At over 2,000 members, it is the largest such group at the university. The group helps participate with the Athletic Department and Pitt Student Government Board in setting student ticket policy as well as organizing special student events.<a href="#cite_note-Oakland_Zoo_Club-246">[240]</a></li> <li>The Pitt Pathfinders, student recruiters employed by the Office of Admissions of Financial Aid. They recruit prospective students by giving campus tours, attending on-and-off campus recruitment programs, and by contacting admitted students through phone and the Internet. While Pathfinder is a paid position, it is also a student organization.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Pathfinders-247">[241]</a></li> <li>Pitt Program Council is the all-campus programming organization at the university. Comprising eight student committees, a variety of programs and festivities are planned and sponsored including Fall Fest, Bigelow Bash, Homecoming Laser and Fireworks Show, as well as trips to New York City, Cedar Point, Spring break in Panama City Beach, FL. Other activities include art gallery exhibits, films, horseback riding, sports tournaments, lectures, fitness and dance classes, and Black and White Ball.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Program_Council-248">[242]</a></li> <li>Student Government Board (SGB) is the governing body that provides undergraduate students with representation to the university administration, presenting their needs, interests, and concerns. An important aspect of the SGB is allocation of a portion of the student activities fee, which provides money to over 500 student organizations at the University of Pittsburgh. SGB has three standing committees, 6 conditional committees, and one internal committee that address various aspects of campus life, including diversity, first-year involvement, wellness, and governmental relations.<a href="#cite_note-249">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Pittsburgh_Student_Government_Board-250">[244]</a></li> <li>Quo Vadis is a student organization that conducts guided tours and interpretations of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Learning" title="Cathedral of Learning">Cathedral of Learning</a>'s 31 <a href="/wiki/Nationality_Rooms" title="Nationality Rooms">Nationality Rooms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Quo_Vadis-251">[245]</a></li> <li>Rainbow Alliance is a student advocacy group for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer, and allied students. Among other activities, the group holds an annual drag show to raise money for Pittsburgh AIDS Task Force.<a href="#cite_note-Rainbow_Alliance-252">[246]</a></li> <li>University of Pittsburgh Mock Trial is a yearlong extracurricular activity open to Pitt undergraduates that provides an opportunity to practice litigation through a series of team-based <a href="/wiki/Mock_trial" title="Mock trial">mock trial</a> competitions. Pitt Mock Trial has qualified for American Mock Trial Association post-season tournaments each of the last six years,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] finishing in the fifth overall place at the 2008 National Championship Tournament.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_Pittsburgh_Mock_Trial-253">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Honors_College_Mock_Trial_Team_Places_Fifth_in_American_Mock_Trial_Association_National_Competition-254">[248]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Debating_Union" title="William Pitt Debating Union">William Pitt Debating Union</a> is a co-curricular program and hub for a wide range of debating activities, including intercollegiate policy debate, public debate, and debate outreach. The program was 1981 <a href="/wiki/National_Debate_Tournament" title="National Debate Tournament">National Debate Tournament</a> champions,<a href="#cite_note-Results_from_Previous_National_Debate_Tournament,_1977-1986-255">[249]</a> has qualified for the National Debate Tournament 40 times,<a href="#cite_note-National_Debate_Tournament_Participating_Schools,_1947%E2%80%932006-256">[250]</a> and is one of the oldest organizations of its kind in the nation, growing from the university's Division of Public Speaking in 1912.<a href="#cite_note-William_Pitt_Debating_Union-257">[251]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillman_Library,_exterior_(brighter).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hillman_Library%2C_exterior_%28brighter%29.jpg/220px-Hillman_Library%2C_exterior_%28brighter%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5553" data-file-height="5042"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hillman_Library%2C_exterior_%28brighter%29.jpg/220px-Hillman_Library%2C_exterior_%28brighter%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hillman_Library%2C_exterior_%28brighter%29.jpg/330px-Hillman_Library%2C_exterior_%28brighter%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hillman_Library%2C_exterior_%28brighter%29.jpg/440px-Hillman_Library%2C_exterior_%28brighter%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hillman_Library" title="Hillman Library">Hillman Library</a></figcaption></figure></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_protests_and_activism">Student protests and activism</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Student protests and activism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In April of 2024, Pittsburgh University students joined other campuses in encampments and protests against the Israel–Hamas war.<a href="#cite_note-258">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[253]</a> The protestors called for an end to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">genocide in Gaza</a>, for the University to <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">divest financially</a> from the "<a href="/wiki/Israeli_apartheid" title="Israeli apartheid">Israeli apartheid</a> regime" and cut ties with all Israeli universities.<a href="#cite_note-260">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Council_on_American%E2%80%93Islamic_Relations" title="Council on American–Islamic Relations">CAIR</a>-Pittsburgh called on the University of Pittsburgh to drop charges against students who protested against Israel’s genocide in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[256]</a> The protests continued into the next academic year, with faculty accusing the administration of racism because of the difference in response to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">wars in Ukraine</a> and Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_life">Greek life</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Greek life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are presently over 40 general, or social fraternities and sororities on campus. The oldest men's fraternity, Phi Gamma Delta first appeared in 1863, while the oldest women's group, Kappa Alpha Theta, was established in 1915. Additionally, a similar number of professional, service and honor societies are present, with the oldest of these, medical fraternity <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Pi" title="Phi Beta Pi">Phi Beta Pi</a> entering in 1891 and dental fraternity <a href="/wiki/Psi_Omega" title="Psi Omega">Psi Omega</a> entering in 1897. Among multicultural fraternities, <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha" title="Alpha Phi Alpha">Alpha Phi Alpha</a> was established on the campus in 1913, with <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a> soon following in 1918.<a href="#cite_note-Baird's_Manual_Online-264">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baird's-265">[259]</a> The following table lists general and multicultural chapters together, divided as either fraternities or sororities. Coeducational groups are noted as fraternities. In addition to these, the campus hosts dozens of honor and professional fraternities and sororities.<a href="#cite_note-sorority-266">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[261]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Fraternities </th> <th colspan="2">Sororities </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Pi" title="Alpha Epsilon Pi">Alpha Epsilon Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha" title="Alpha Phi Alpha">Alpha Phi Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Sigma_Phi" title="Alpha Sigma Phi">Alpha Sigma Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Tau_Omega" title="Alpha Tau Omega">Alpha Tau Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Omega" title="Alpha Phi Omega">Alpha Phi Omega</a> (Coed service)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">Beta Theta Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Chi" title="Delta Chi">Delta Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Phi" title="Delta Phi">Delta Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Phi" title="Delta Sigma Phi">Delta Sigma Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Tau_Delta" title="Delta Tau Delta">Delta Tau Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iota_Nu_Delta" title="Iota Nu Delta">Iota Nu Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Sigma" title="Kappa Sigma">Kappa Sigma</a></li> <li>Kappa Alpha Tau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Sigma" title="Phi Beta Sigma">Phi Beta Sigma</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Lambda_Phi" title="Pi Lambda Phi">Pi Lambda Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Theta" title="Phi Delta Theta">Phi Delta Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Kappa_Alpha" title="Pi Kappa Alpha">Pi Kappa Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Kappa_Phi" title="Pi Kappa Phi">Pi Kappa Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Gamma_Delta" title="Phi Gamma Delta">Phi Gamma Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Kappa_Theta" title="Phi Kappa Theta">Phi Kappa Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Epsilon" title="Sigma Alpha Epsilon">Sigma Alpha Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Mu" title="Sigma Alpha Mu">Sigma Alpha Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Beta_Rho" title="Sigma Beta Rho">Sigma Beta Rho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Chi" title="Sigma Chi">Sigma Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Phi_Epsilon" title="Sigma Phi Epsilon">Sigma Phi Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Tau Kappa Epsilon">Tau Kappa Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Fraternity" title="Triangle Fraternity">Triangle Fraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Beta_Tau" title="Zeta Beta Tau">Zeta Beta Tau</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Pi" title="Alpha Delta Pi">Alpha Delta Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Phi" title="Alpha Epsilon Phi">Alpha Epsilon Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[262]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Omega" title="Chi Omega">Chi Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Delta_Delta" title="Delta Delta Delta">Delta Delta Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Phi_Epsilon_(social)" title="Delta Phi Epsilon (social)">Delta Phi Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Zeta" title="Delta Zeta">Delta Zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Delta" title="Kappa Delta">Kappa Delta</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Kappa_Gamma" title="Kappa Kappa Gamma">Kappa Kappa Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Rho" title="Phi Sigma Rho">Phi Sigma Rho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Delta_Tau" title="Sigma Delta Tau">Sigma Delta Tau</a></li> <li>Sigma Epsilon Chi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Sigma_Sigma" title="Sigma Sigma Sigma">Sigma Sigma Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Phi_Alpha" title="Theta Phi Alpha">Theta Phi Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Nu_Xi" title="Theta Nu Xi">Theta Nu Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Sigma_Chi" title="Zeta Sigma Chi">Zeta Sigma Chi</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Athletics">Athletics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Athletics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">Pittsburgh Panthers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PittFootball1915program.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PittFootball1915program.jpg/170px-PittFootball1915program.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="722"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 226px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PittFootball1915program.jpg/170px-PittFootball1915program.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="226" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PittFootball1915program.jpg/255px-PittFootball1915program.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PittFootball1915program.jpg/340px-PittFootball1915program.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cheering on the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_football" title="Pittsburgh Panthers football">Pitt football</a> team has traditionally been one of the most celebrated activities at the university, as depicted in this cover art from a 1915 game program.</figcaption></figure> The University of Pittsburgh's athletic teams, referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">Pittsburgh Panthers</a>" or "Pitt Panthers", include 19 university-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Varsity_team" title="Varsity team">varsity</a> teams at the highest level of competitive collegiate athletics in the United States: the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (NCAA) <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">Division I</a> (NCAA Division 1 <a href="/wiki/Football_Bowl_Subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Bowl Subdivision">Football Bowl Subdivision</a> (FBS)).<a href="#cite_note-269">[263]</a> Varsity men's sports sponsored by the university are <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_baseball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers baseball">baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_men%27s_basketball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball">basketball</a>, cross country, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_football" title="Pittsburgh Panthers football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_men%27s_soccer" title="Pittsburgh Panthers men's soccer">soccer</a>, swimming and diving, indoor track and field, outdoor track and field, and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_wrestling" title="Pittsburgh Panthers wrestling">wrestling</a>; while sponsored women's varsity sports include <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_women%27s_basketball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball">basketball</a>, cross country, gymnastics, lacrosse, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_women%27s_soccer" title="Pittsburgh Panthers women's soccer">soccer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_softball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers softball">softball</a>, swimming and diving, indoor track and field, outdoor track and field, and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_volleyball" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Panthers volleyball">volleyball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PittsburghPanthers.com-270">[264]</a> All varsity sports teams compete as members of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a> (ACC) since the 2013–14 season, with the exception of the gymnastics team which moved to the ACC when the conference began sponsoring the sport in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-271">[265]</a> The university also maintains membership in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_College_Athletic_Conference" title="Eastern College Athletic Conference">Eastern College Athletic Conference</a> (ECAC).<a href="#cite_note-272">[266]</a> Pitt athletes have received a total of <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_universities_with_Olympic_medals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American universities with Olympic medals">five Olympic medals</a>. Scholastically, during 2012 calendar year, out of approximately 450 Pitt varsity student athletes, 350 had term grade point averages exceeding 3.0, including 16 that had a perfect average of 4.0, and 174 were named <a href="/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979%E2%80%932013)" title="Big East Conference (1979–2013)">Big East Conference</a> Academic All-Stars or placed on the all-academic Big East football team.<a href="#cite_note-Scholar_Athletes-273">[267]</a> There are approximately 28 additional athletic teams that compete at the non-varsity club sports level.<a href="#cite_note-274">[268]</a> Pitt's highest-profile athletic programs, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_football" title="Pittsburgh Panthers football">football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_men%27s_basketball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball">men's basketball</a>, are consistently competitive. Pitt has been regularly ranked as having one of the best combinations of football and basketball programs by multiple sports media outlets,<a href="#cite_note-2010_Hoops_&_Helmets_Rankings-275">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-Best_of_both:_BCS_era_combined_standings-276">[270]</a> including <a href="/wiki/CBSSports.com" title="CBSSports.com">CBS Sports</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Flourishing_Five_No._5:_Resurgent_Pitt_football_doing_its_part-277">[271]</a> <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>,<a href="#cite_note-espn.com-278">[272]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a>.<a href="#cite_note-All-Sport_Rankings-279">[273]</a> In the fall of 1909, the University of Pittsburgh was the first college or university to adopt the panther (<a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Puma concolor</a>) as its mascot.<a href="#cite_note-The_Panther-26">[24]</a> Popular as photo sites, there are <a href="/wiki/Panthers_of_Pittsburgh" title="Panthers of Pittsburgh">ten representations of Panthers</a> in and about Pitt's campus, and ten more painted fiberglass panthers placed around the campus by the Pitt Student Government. These fiberglass panther structures are given to a campus group for a year and painted by the group to reflect their interests.<a href="#cite_note-280">[274]</a> The oldest representations are four panthers that guard each corner of the Panther Hollow bridge.<a href="#cite_note-281">[275]</a> Other Oakland locations include both inside and in front of the William Pitt Union,<a href="#cite_note-282">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[277]</a> outside the Petersen Events Center,<a href="#cite_note-284">[278]</a> "Pitt the Panther" on the carousel in Schenley Plaza,<a href="#cite_note-285">[279]</a> the Panther head fountain on the front of the Cathedral of Learning, and the Pitt Panther statue outside <a href="/wiki/Acrisure_Stadium" title="Acrisure Stadium">Acrisure Stadium</a> on Pittsburgh's North Side.<a href="#cite_note-286">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Football" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitt_Football_plays_Notre_Dame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pitt_Football_plays_Notre_Dame.jpg/220px-Pitt_Football_plays_Notre_Dame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2345" data-file-height="1698"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pitt_Football_plays_Notre_Dame.jpg/220px-Pitt_Football_plays_Notre_Dame.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pitt_Football_plays_Notre_Dame.jpg/330px-Pitt_Football_plays_Notre_Dame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pitt_Football_plays_Notre_Dame.jpg/440px-Pitt_Football_plays_Notre_Dame.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Pitt Football playing <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish football">Notre Dame</a> at <a href="/wiki/Acrisure_Stadium" title="Acrisure Stadium">Acrisure Stadium</a> in 2015</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_football" title="Pittsburgh Panthers football">Pittsburgh Panthers football</a></div> Traditionally the most popular sport at the University of Pittsburgh, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_football" title="Pittsburgh Panthers football">football</a> has been played at the highest levels at the university since 1890. During the more than 100 years of competitive football at Pitt, the university has helped pioneer the sport by, among other things, instituting the use of numbers on jerseys<a href="#cite_note-Hail_to_Pitt:_A_Sports_History_of_the_University_of_Pittsburgh-287">[281]</a> and desegregating the <a href="/wiki/Sugar_Bowl" title="Sugar Bowl">Sugar Bowl</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Grier_(American_football_player)" title="Bobby Grier (American football player)">Bobby Grier</a>. Some of college football's all-time greatest coaches and players have plied their trade at Pitt, including <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Scobey_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn Scobey Warner">Pop Warner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jock_Sutherland" title="Jock Sutherland">Jock Sutherland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Goldberg" title="Marshall Goldberg">Marshall Goldberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Schmidt_(American_football)" title="Joe Schmidt (American football)">Joe Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Ditka" title="Mike Ditka">Mike Ditka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Dorsett" title="Tony Dorsett">Tony Dorsett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Green_(American_football)" title="Hugh Green (American football)">Hugh Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_May" title="Mark May">Mark May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Marino" title="Dan Marino">Dan Marino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Fralic" title="Bill Fralic">Bill Fralic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Martin" title="Curtis Martin">Curtis Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darrelle_Revis" title="Darrelle Revis">Darrelle Revis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russ_Grimm" title="Russ Grimm">Russ Grimm</a>, <a href="/wiki/LeSean_McCoy" title="LeSean McCoy">LeSean McCoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Fitzgerald" title="Larry Fitzgerald">Larry Fitzgerald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Donald" title="Aaron Donald">Aaron Donald</a>. Among the top schools in terms of all-time wins, Pitt teams have claimed nine <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_football#National_championships" title="Pittsburgh Panthers football">National Championships</a><a href="#cite_note-Pitt_Athletics-288">[282]</a> and boast 88 players that have been chosen as first-team All-Americans.<a href="#cite_note-289">[283]</a> Since 2015, the head coach of the football team has been <a href="/wiki/Pat_Narduzzi" title="Pat Narduzzi">Pat Narduzzi</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball">Basketball</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Basketball" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg/220px-2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1258" data-file-height="937"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg/220px-2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg/330px-2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg/440px-2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_men%27s_basketball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball">Pitt basketball</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Petersen_Events_Center" title="Petersen Events Center">Petersen Events Center</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_men%27s_basketball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball">Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_women%27s_basketball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball">Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball</a></div> Pitt first sponsored varsity <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_men%27s_basketball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball">men's basketball</a> in 1905 and became an early national power after winning two Helms Foundation National Championships in 1927–28 and 1929–30. Those teams, coached by the innovative and legendary <a href="/wiki/Naismith_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame">Naismith Hall of Fame</a> inductee <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Carlson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clifford Carlson">"Doc" Carlson</a>, were led by National Player of the Year and Hall of Famer <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hyatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuck Hyatt">Charlie Hyatt</a>. Following a <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship">Final Four</a> appearance in 1941, Pitt appeared in a handful of NCAA tournaments throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, including an Elite Eight appearance in 1974 led by All-American <a href="/wiki/Billy_Knight" title="Billy Knight">Billy Knight</a>. Pitt joined the Big East Conference in 1982, and by the end of the decade had secured a pair of Big East regular season championships led by All-Americans <a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles D. Smith">Charles Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Lane" title="Jerome Lane">Jerome Lane</a>. In the 2000s (decade), led by coach <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Dixon" title="Jamie Dixon">Jamie Dixon</a>, an era of consistent national and conference competitiveness has been achieved, including reaching the number one ranking in various national polls. Since 2002, Pitt has appeared in eleven NCAA tournaments advancing to five Sweet Sixteens and an Elite Eight. During this time, prior to joining the Atlantic Coast Conference in 2013, Pitt and has won three Big East regular season championships, two Big East Tournament Championships, and has advanced to six Big East Tournament Championship games.<a href="#cite_note-290">[284]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_women%27s_basketball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball">Pittsburgh Panthers women's varsity basketball program</a> started during the 1914–1915 school year and lasted until 1927 before going on hiatus until 1970. Pitt's women's team has posted several NCAA, NWIT, and EAIAW tournament appearances. Led head coach <a href="/wiki/Agnus_Berenato" title="Agnus Berenato">Agnus Berenato</a>, Pitt has played in post-season tournaments each of the last five seasons,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] including three <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship">NCAA Tournaments</a> appearances where it advanced to the Sweet Sixteen in 2008 and 2009.<a href="#cite_note-291">[285]</a> The head coach of the men's basketball team is Jeff Capel. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olympic_sports">Olympic sports</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Olympic sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitt_Panthers_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pitt_Panthers_wordmark.svg/220px-Pitt_Panthers_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="141"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pitt_Panthers_wordmark.svg/220px-Pitt_Panthers_wordmark.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pitt_Panthers_wordmark.svg/330px-Pitt_Panthers_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pitt_Panthers_wordmark.svg/440px-Pitt_Panthers_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The "Pitt script" logo is the primary logo of the university's athletics department. Since 1939, Pitt has used stylized versions of the signature of the City of Pittsburgh's namesake, <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham</a>, as logos in various capacities.<a href="#cite_note-292">[286]</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_baseball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers baseball">Pittsburgh Panthers baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_softball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers softball">Pittsburgh Panthers softball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_volleyball" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Panthers volleyball">Pittsburgh Panthers volleyball</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_wrestling" title="Pittsburgh Panthers wrestling">Pittsburgh Panthers wrestling</a></div> Pitt has a long history of success in other intercollegiate athletic events. In <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers#Track_and_field" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">Track and Field</a>, Pitt has produced several Olympic and NCAA champions such as 800 m Olympic gold medalist <a href="/wiki/John_Woodruff_(athlete)" title="John Woodruff (athlete)">John Woodruff</a>, two-time 110 m hurdle Olympic gold medalist <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kingdom" title="Roger Kingdom">Roger Kingdom</a>, and seven-time NCAA champion and 2005 World Champion <a href="/wiki/Triple_jump" title="Triple jump">triple jumper</a> <a href="/wiki/Trecia_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Trecia Smith">Trecia-Kaye Smith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cstv-293">[287]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_wrestling" title="Pittsburgh Panthers wrestling">wrestling program</a> has a rich history and is among the leaders in producing individual national champions with 16.<a href="#cite_note-PITT_Wrestling_Media_Guide_2006%E2%80%932007-294">[288]</a> Pitt's <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_volleyball" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Panthers volleyball">women's volleyball</a> team, one of the winningest program in the nation,<a href="#cite_note-Volleyball_Releases_2007_Schedule-295">[289]</a> won 11 conference championships while a member of the <a href="/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979%E2%80%932013)" title="Big East Conference (1979–2013)">Big East</a>, and appeared in 11 NCAA tournaments since the program began in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-2006_Pitt_Volleyball_Media_Guide-296">[290]</a> Pitt's <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers#Swimming_and_diving" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">swimming and diving teams</a> have produced several Olympians and won 19 men's and nine women's Big East Championships while a member of that conference. Pitt <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers#Gymnastics" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">women's gymnastics</a> is a regular qualifier for the NCAA Northeast Regional Championship.<a href="#cite_note-PITT_Gymnastics_Media_Guide_2007-297">[291]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_baseball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers baseball">Baseball</a>, Pitt's oldest varsity sport, has produced several major league players and has reached the national 25 repeatedly, including in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-298">[292]</a> Other varsity sports have also competed at national and conference championships and include <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers#Cross_country" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">cross country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitt_soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitt soccer">soccer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_softball" title="Pittsburgh Panthers softball">softball</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers#Tennis" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">tennis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PittsburghPanthers.com-270">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_groups">Support groups</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Support groups" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Varsity_Marching_Band" title="University of Pittsburgh Varsity Marching Band">University of Pittsburgh Varsity Marching Band</a> was founded in 1911 and performs at athletic and other events. The <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers#Pitt_cheerleaders_and_dance_team" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">Pitt Cheerleading squad</a> has won multiple <a href="/wiki/Cheerleading" title="Cheerleading">cheerleading</a> national championships, including three straight from 1992 to 1994. The Pitt dance team also has been competitive in national competitions.<a href="#cite_note-Spirit_Groups-300">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cheer_and_Dance_Finish_in_Top_20_in_Respective_Competitions-301">[295]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="People">People</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: People" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty">Faculty</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Faculty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masonic_Temple_(Alumni_Hall),_Oakland,_Pittsburgh,_2019-09-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Masonic_Temple_%28Alumni_Hall%29%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10.jpg/220px-Masonic_Temple_%28Alumni_Hall%29%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2910" data-file-height="1821"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Masonic_Temple_%28Alumni_Hall%29%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10.jpg/220px-Masonic_Temple_%28Alumni_Hall%29%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Masonic_Temple_%28Alumni_Hall%29%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10.jpg/330px-Masonic_Temple_%28Alumni_Hall%29%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Masonic_Temple_%28Alumni_Hall%29%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10.jpg/440px-Masonic_Temple_%28Alumni_Hall%29%2C_Oakland%2C_Pittsburgh%2C_2019-09-10.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alumni_Hall_(University_of_Pittsburgh)" title="Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)">Alumni Hall</a>, home to the Office of Admissions and Financial Aid, and Alumni Relations</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Pittsburgh_faculty" title="List of University of Pittsburgh faculty">List of University of Pittsburgh faculty</a></div> University faculty have been pioneers in such fields as virology (<a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a>), astronomy (<a href="/wiki/John_Brashear" title="John Brashear">John Brashear</a>), aviation (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pierpont_Langley" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Pierpont Langley">Samuel Pierpont Langley</a>), and psychology (<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Spock" title="Benjamin Spock">Benjamin Spock</a>). The university has been home to faculty members deemed the <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_considered_father_or_mother_of_a_field" title="List of people considered father or mother of a field">"fathers" of various fields</a>, such as the "father of radio broadcasting" (<a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a>), the "father of project management" (<a href="/wiki/David_I._Cleland" title="David I. Cleland">David I. Cleland</a>), the "father of CPR" (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Safar" title="Peter Safar">Peter Safar</a>), and the "father of organ transplantation" (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas Starzl</a>). The university is also notable for its faculty in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. The university is the namesake of the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh School">Pittsburgh School</a>, which was founded by <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Sellars" title="Wilfrid Sellars">Wilfrid Sellars</a>, a significant figure in <a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">analytic philosophy</a>. Current notable faculty in the philosophy department include <a href="/wiki/John_McDowell" title="John McDowell">John McDowell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brandom" title="Robert Brandom">Robert Brandom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Rescher" title="Nicholas Rescher">Nicholas Rescher</a>. There have been <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_History#Heads_of_the_University_of_Pittsburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pittsburgh History">31 university heads for the University of Pittsburgh</a>. Beginning in the institution's academy days, the head of the school was referred to as Principal, a title that was retained until 1872 when it was changed to Chancellor by an alteration to the university's charter. This title of Chancellor has lasted except for a brief change during Wesley Posvar's administration when it was switched to president.<a href="#cite_note-302">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Alumni" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Pittsburgh_alumni" title="List of University of Pittsburgh alumni">List of University of Pittsburgh alumni</a>.</div> As of 2019, the University of Pittsburgh has over 330,000 living alumni<a href="#cite_note-303">[297]</a> who are supported by the Pitt Alumni Association, founded in 1866,<a href="#cite_note-304">[298]</a> and over 50 regionally-based Pitt Clubs located throughout the world.<a href="#cite_note-305">[299]</a> Three Pitt alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a> '62 for his work in <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">magnetic resonance imaging</a>,<a href="#cite_note-306">[300]</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Hench</a> '20 for discovery of the hormone <a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">cortisone</a>,<a href="#cite_note-307">[301]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a> '66 for founding the <a href="/wiki/Green_Belt_Movement" title="Green Belt Movement">Green Belt Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-308">[302]</a> Other alumni have also been pioneers in their respective fields, including <a href="/wiki/John_Wistar_Simpson" title="John Wistar Simpson">John Wistar Simpson</a> '41, a pioneer in nuclear energy,<a href="#cite_note-obit-309">[303]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zworykin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Zworykin">Vladimir Zworykin</a> '26, who has been regarded as the "father of television".<a href="#cite_note-310">[304]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> winners include <a href="/wiki/Bert_W._O%27Malley" title="Bert W. O'Malley">Bert W. O'Malley</a> '59 & '63, a pioneer in steroid hormones,<a href="#cite_note-311">[305]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Boyer" title="Herbert Boyer">Herbert Boyer</a> '63, <a href="/wiki/Genentech" title="Genentech">Genentech</a> founder and biotech pioneer;<a href="#cite_note-Boyer-312">[306]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Baker" title="Leonard Baker">Leonard Baker</a> '52,<a href="#cite_note-313">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> '84,<a href="#cite_note-314">[308]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Som" title="Brandon Som">Brandon Som</a> '02 have won the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>. Pitt alumni who have excelled in professional sports include <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Pro Football Hall of Fame</a> inductees <a href="/wiki/Dan_Marino" title="Dan Marino">Dan Marino</a> '83,<a href="#cite_note-315">[309]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Ditka" title="Mike Ditka">Mike Ditka</a> '61,<a href="#cite_note-316">[310]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Dorsett" title="Tony Dorsett">Tony Dorsett</a> '77.<a href="#cite_note-317">[311]</a> <a href="/wiki/Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame">Basketball Hall of Fame</a> inductees include pioneering coach <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Carlson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clifford Carlson">Clifford Carlson</a> '18 & '20<a href="#cite_note-318">[312]</a> while others, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Woodruff_(athlete)" title="John Woodruff (athlete)">John Woodruff</a> '39 and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kingdom" title="Roger Kingdom">Roger Kingdom</a> '02, have won Olympic gold.<a href="#cite_note-319">[313]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_J._R._McMillan_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samuel J. R. McMillan (1846), U.S. senator from Minnesota"><noscript><img alt="Samuel J. R. McMillan (1846), U.S. senator from Minnesota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_J._R._McMillan_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/98px-Samuel_J._R._McMillan_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="3616"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 98px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_J._R._McMillan_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/98px-Samuel_J._R._McMillan_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" data-alt="Samuel J. R. McMillan (1846), U.S. senator from Minnesota" data-width="98" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_J._R._McMillan_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/147px-Samuel_J._R._McMillan_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_J._R._McMillan_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/196px-Samuel_J._R._McMillan_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._R._McMillan" title="Samuel J. R. McMillan">Samuel J. R. McMillan</a> (1846), U.S. senator from Minnesota</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_W._Mellon,_9-17-26_LCCN2016842476_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andrew Mellon 49th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury"><noscript><img alt="Andrew Mellon 49th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Andrew_W._Mellon%2C_9-17-26_LCCN2016842476_%28cropped%29.jpg/96px-Andrew_W._Mellon%2C_9-17-26_LCCN2016842476_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2405" data-file-height="3007"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Andrew_W._Mellon%2C_9-17-26_LCCN2016842476_%28cropped%29.jpg/96px-Andrew_W._Mellon%2C_9-17-26_LCCN2016842476_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Andrew Mellon 49th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury" data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Andrew_W._Mellon%2C_9-17-26_LCCN2016842476_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-Andrew_W._Mellon%2C_9-17-26_LCCN2016842476_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Andrew_W._Mellon%2C_9-17-26_LCCN2016842476_%28cropped%29.jpg/192px-Andrew_W._Mellon%2C_9-17-26_LCCN2016842476_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a> 49th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">U.S. Secretary of the Treasury</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philip Hench (M.D. 1920), recipient of the 1950 Nobel Prize in Medicine"><noscript><img alt="Philip Hench (M.D. 1920), recipient of the 1950 Nobel Prize in Medicine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg/85px-Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg/85px-Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg" data-alt="Philip Hench (M.D. 1920), recipient of the 1950 Nobel Prize in Medicine" data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg/127px-Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg/170px-Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Hench</a> (M.D. 1920), recipient of the 1950 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Medicine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gene_kelly.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Academy Award-winning dancer and actor, Gene Kelly (1933)"><noscript><img alt="Academy Award-winning dancer and actor, Gene Kelly (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gene_kelly.jpg/85px-Gene_kelly.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="622"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gene_kelly.jpg/85px-Gene_kelly.jpg" data-alt="Academy Award-winning dancer and actor, Gene Kelly (1933)" data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gene_kelly.jpg/127px-Gene_kelly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gene_kelly.jpg/170px-Gene_kelly.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Academy Award-winning dancer and actor, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> (1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Woodruff,_Mario_Lanzi,_Phil_Edwards_1936_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympic Gold-winning runner, John Woodruff (1939)"><noscript><img alt="Olympic Gold-winning runner, John Woodruff (1939)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/John_Woodruff%2C_Mario_Lanzi%2C_Phil_Edwards_1936_%28cropped%29.jpg/96px-John_Woodruff%2C_Mario_Lanzi%2C_Phil_Edwards_1936_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="593"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/John_Woodruff%2C_Mario_Lanzi%2C_Phil_Edwards_1936_%28cropped%29.jpg/96px-John_Woodruff%2C_Mario_Lanzi%2C_Phil_Edwards_1936_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Olympic Gold-winning runner, John Woodruff (1939)" data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/John_Woodruff%2C_Mario_Lanzi%2C_Phil_Edwards_1936_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-John_Woodruff%2C_Mario_Lanzi%2C_Phil_Edwards_1936_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/John_Woodruff%2C_Mario_Lanzi%2C_Phil_Edwards_1936_%28cropped%29.jpg/192px-John_Woodruff%2C_Mario_Lanzi%2C_Phil_Edwards_1936_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Olympic Gold-winning runner, <a href="/wiki/John_Woodruff_(athlete)" title="John Woodruff (athlete)">John Woodruff</a> (1939)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Lauterbur_2003_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Lauterbur (Ph.D. 1962), recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine"><noscript><img alt="Paul Lauterbur (Ph.D. 1962), recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paul_Lauterbur_2003_cropped.jpg/95px-Paul_Lauterbur_2003_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="97" data-file-height="123"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paul_Lauterbur_2003_cropped.jpg/95px-Paul_Lauterbur_2003_cropped.jpg" data-alt="Paul Lauterbur (Ph.D. 1962), recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine" data-width="95" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Paul_Lauterbur_2003_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a> (Ph.D. 1962), recipient of the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Medicine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Orrin_Hatch_official_photo,_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orrin Hatch (J.D. 1962), U.S. senator from Utah"><noscript><img alt="Orrin Hatch (J.D. 1962), U.S. senator from Utah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Orrin_Hatch_official_photo%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/86px-Orrin_Hatch_official_photo%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2540" data-file-height="3545"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 86px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Orrin_Hatch_official_photo%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/86px-Orrin_Hatch_official_photo%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Orrin Hatch (J.D. 1962), U.S. senator from Utah" data-width="86" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Orrin_Hatch_official_photo%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/129px-Orrin_Hatch_official_photo%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Orrin_Hatch_official_photo%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/172px-Orrin_Hatch_official_photo%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> (J.D. 1962), U.S. senator from Utah</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Cardin_official_Senate_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ben Cardin (B.A. 1964), U.S. senator from Maryland"><noscript><img alt="Ben Cardin (B.A. 1964), U.S. senator from Maryland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ben_Cardin_official_Senate_portrait.jpg/95px-Ben_Cardin_official_Senate_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="2919"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ben_Cardin_official_Senate_portrait.jpg/95px-Ben_Cardin_official_Senate_portrait.jpg" data-alt="Ben Cardin (B.A. 1964), U.S. senator from Maryland" data-width="95" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ben_Cardin_official_Senate_portrait.jpg/142px-Ben_Cardin_official_Senate_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ben_Cardin_official_Senate_portrait.jpg/189px-Ben_Cardin_official_Senate_portrait.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Ben Cardin</a> (B.A. 1964), U.S. senator from Maryland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wangari Maathai (M.Sc. 1965), recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize"><noscript><img alt="Wangari Maathai (M.Sc. 1965), recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg/74px-Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="751"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 74px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg/74px-Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg" data-alt="Wangari Maathai (M.Sc. 1965), recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize" data-width="74" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg/112px-Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg/149px-Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a> (M.Sc. 1965), recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Danmarino.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dan Marino (1983), Pro Football Hall of Fame football player"><noscript><img alt="Dan Marino (1983), Pro Football Hall of Fame football player" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Danmarino.jpg/101px-Danmarino.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="1007"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 101px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Danmarino.jpg/101px-Danmarino.jpg" data-alt="Dan Marino (1983), Pro Football Hall of Fame football player" data-width="101" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Danmarino.jpg/152px-Danmarino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Danmarino.jpg/202px-Danmarino.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Marino" title="Dan Marino">Dan Marino</a> (1983), <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Pro Football Hall of Fame</a> football player</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Chabon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michael Chabon (B.A. 1984), Pulitzer Prize–winning author"><noscript><img alt="Michael Chabon (B.A. 1984), Pulitzer Prize–winning author" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Michael_Chabon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/94px-Michael_Chabon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1841" data-file-height="2350"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 94px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Michael_Chabon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/94px-Michael_Chabon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" data-alt="Michael Chabon (B.A. 1984), Pulitzer Prize–winning author" data-width="94" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Michael_Chabon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/141px-Michael_Chabon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Michael_Chabon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/188px-Michael_Chabon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (B.A. 1984), <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>–winning author</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vjosa_Osmani1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vjosa Osmani (M.L. 2004, S.J.D. 2015), fifth President of Kosovo"><noscript><img alt="Vjosa Osmani (M.L. 2004, S.J.D. 2015), fifth President of Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Vjosa_Osmani1.jpg/96px-Vjosa_Osmani1.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3726" data-file-height="4657"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Vjosa_Osmani1.jpg/96px-Vjosa_Osmani1.jpg" data-alt="Vjosa Osmani (M.L. 2004, S.J.D. 2015), fifth President of Kosovo" data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Vjosa_Osmani1.jpg/144px-Vjosa_Osmani1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Vjosa_Osmani1.jpg/192px-Vjosa_Osmani1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vjosa_Osmani" title="Vjosa Osmani">Vjosa Osmani</a> (M.L. 2004, S.J.D. 2015), fifth <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kosovo" title="President of Kosovo">President of Kosovo</a></div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> This figure reflects the total number of faculty at the Pittsburgh campus only; 338 additional faculty serve the four regional campuses for a university-wide total of 5,734 faculty members. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> This enrollment figure reflects the total headcount of full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate students attending classes at the University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh Campus in Fall 2019 only. An additional 5,353 full-time and part-time undergraduate students attend the university across the four regional campuses for a university-wide headcount of 33,744 total students, 24,553 of which are undergraduates. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Upon joining the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_System_of_Higher_Education" title="Commonwealth System of Higher Education">Commonwealth System of Higher Education</a> in 1966, the University of Pittsburgh legally remained a private entity and in practice, retained the administrative and academic freedom of a private institution. It sets its own standards for student admission and retention, faculty, and teaching. Its assets remain in the hands of the corporation, its employees are employed by the corporation, and its affairs are governed by an independent Board of Trustees.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> In-state tuition is subsidized by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the state provides approximately 11% of its operating budget.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> The University of Pittsburgh is categorized as a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public university</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">Carnegie Foundation Classifications</a><a href="#cite_note-CC-9">[7]</a> and is typically listed as a public university in third party publications.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> For simplicity, Pitt sometimes refers to itself a "public university". </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> Other consists of <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a> & those who prefer to not say. </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> The percentage of students who received an income-based federal <a href="/wiki/Pell_grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pell grant">Pell grant</a> intended for low-income students. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> The percentage of students who are a part of the <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">American middle class</a> at the bare minimum. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> As of June 30, 2020. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utimes.pitt.edu/news/endowment-gained-14#:~:text=After%20losing%20around%20%24140%20million,University's%20annual%20IRS%20990%20form.">U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2020 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY19 to FY20</a> (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and <a href="/wiki/TIAA" title="TIAA">TIAA</a>. February 19, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527222749/https://www.utimes.pitt.edu/news/endowment-gained-14#:~:text=After%20losing%20around%20%24140%20million,University's%20annual%20IRS%20990%20form.">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=U.S.+and+Canadian+Institutions+Listed+by+Fiscal+Year+2020+Endowment+Market+Value+and+Change+in+Endowment+Market+Value+from+FY19+to+FY20&rft.pub=National+Association+of+College+and+University+Business+Officers+and+TIAA&rft.date=2021-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utimes.pitt.edu%2Fnews%2Fendowment-gained-14%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAfter%2520losing%2520around%2520%2524140%2520million%2CUniversity%27s%2520annual%2520IRS%2520990%2520form.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwick2019" class="citation news cs1">Zwick, Kevin (July 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.pitt.edu/news/university-pittsburgh-approves-2020-operating-and-capital-budgets">"University of Pittsburgh Approves 2020 Operating and Capital Budgets"</a>. University of Pittsburgh News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726075855/http://www.news.pitt.edu/news/university-pittsburgh-approves-2020-operating-and-capital-budgets">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2020. 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Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421001139/https://www.ir.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/assets/Fact%20Book%202022.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on April 21, 2022. 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Retrieved November 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IPEDS-University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fcollegenavigator%2F%3Fq%3DPittsburgh%26s%3Dall%26id%3D215293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Color Palette". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brand.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/pitt_idmanual_21.pdf">Pitt Athletics Brand Identity Manual</a> (PDF). February 9, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Color+Palette&rft.btitle=Pitt+Athletics+Brand+Identity+Manual&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brand.pitt.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpitt_idmanual_21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAHMDB-8"><a href="#cite_ref-PAHMDB_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321233735/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pennsylvania_historical_marker_program/2539/search_for_historical_markers">"PHMC Historical Markers Search"</a>. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pennsylvania_historical_marker_program/2539/search_for_historical_markers">the original</a> (Searchable database) on March 21, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pennsylvania+Historical+and+Museum+Commission&rft.atitle=PHMC+Historical+Markers+Search&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portal.state.pa.us%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fpennsylvania_historical_marker_program%2F2539%2Fsearch_for_historical_markers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CC-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CC_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/sub.asp?key=748&subkey=16063&start=782">"Classifications: University of Pittsburgh-Main Campus"</a>. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726232459/https://www.carnegiefoundation.org/not-found/?key=748&subkey=16063&start=782">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2022. 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Western University of Pennsylvania. 1905. p. 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029155852/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittcatalogs;idno=1905a754541;view=image;seq=29">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+catalog+of+the+Western+University+of+Pennsylvania%2C+Year+Ending+1905&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Western+University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=1905&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.pitt.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dpittcatalogs%3Bidno%3D1905a754541%3Bview%3Dimage%3Bseq%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Early_Schools-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Early_Schools_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pitttext;idno=22aep3676s;view=image;seq=0029">"Early Schools"</a>. Pittsburgh School Bulletin. 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Retrieved December 22, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+School+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Early+Schools&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1928-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.pitt.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dpitttext%3Bidno%3D22aep3676s%3Bview%3Dimage%3Bseq%3D0029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_history_of_Pittsburgh:_its_rise_and_progress-13"><a href="#cite_ref-The_history_of_Pittsburgh:_its_rise_and_progress_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarrett1937" class="citation book cs1">Starrett, Agnes Lynch (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&idno=00afj8718m&seq=48">Through one hundred and fifty years: the University of Pittsburgh</a>. Pittsburgh, PA: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Press" title="University of Pittsburgh Press">University of Pittsburgh Press</a>. p. 26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120922085550/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&idno=00afj8718m&seq=48">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+one+hundred+and+fifty+years%3A+the+University+of+Pittsburgh&rft.place=Pittsburgh%2C+PA&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Starrett&rft.aufirst=Agnes+Lynch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.pitt.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dpittmiscpubs%26idno%3D00afj8718m%26seq%3D48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Through_One_Hundred_and_Fifty_Years:_The_University_of_Pittsburgh-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Through_One_Hundred_and_Fifty_Years:_The_University_of_Pittsburgh_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Through_One_Hundred_and_Fifty_Years:_The_University_of_Pittsburgh_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/text-idx?idno=00afj8718m;view=toc;c=pittmiscpubs">"Rites of Passage"</a>. The History of Women at Pitt. University of Pittsburgh. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318020245/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/text-idx?idno=00afj8718m;view=toc;c=pittmiscpubs">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+of+Women+at+Pitt&rft.atitle=Rites+of+Passage&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.pitt.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Ft%2Ftext%2Ftext-idx%3Fidno%3D00afj8718m%3Bview%3Dtoc%3Bc%3Dpittmiscpubs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_Nordenberg_Issues_A_University_Update_on_the_Economy_and_Our_Community_15-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittyearbooks;idno=1910e49702;seq=12">"The Owl"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. 1910. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908024103/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittyearbooks;idno=1910e49702;seq=12">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Owl&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft.date=1910&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.pitt.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dpittyearbooks%3Bidno%3D1910e49702%3Bseq%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlberts1986_16-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlberts1986">Alberts 1986</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rev._John_Taylor:_the_first_rector_of_Trinity_Episcopal_Church_of_Pittsburgh_and_his_commonplace_book-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Rev._John_Taylor:_the_first_rector_of_Trinity_Episcopal_Church_of_Pittsburgh_and_his_commonplace_book_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahlinger" class="citation web cs1">Dahlinger, Charles W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pitttext;idno=00hc14502m;seq=0012">"Rev. John Taylor: the first rector of Trinity Episcopal Church of Pittsburgh and his commonplace book"</a>. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908024212/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pitttext;idno=00hc14502m;seq=0012">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rev.+John+Taylor%3A+the+first+rector+of+Trinity+Episcopal+Church+of+Pittsburgh+and+his+commonplace+book&rft.pages=10&rft.aulast=Dahlinger&rft.aufirst=Charles+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.pitt.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dpitttext%3Bidno%3D00hc14502m%3Bseq%3D0012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Celebration_of_the_One_Hundred_and_Twenty-Fifth_Anniversary:_History_of_the_University-18"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Celebration_of_the_One_Hundred_and_Twenty-Fifth_Anniversary:_History_of_the_University_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/universityofpitt821univ#page/4/mode/2up">"The Celebration of the One Hundred and Twenty-Fifth Anniversary: History of the University"</a>. University of Pittsburgh Bulletin. 8 (21): 4–5. November 1, 1912. Retrieved January 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Pittsburgh+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Celebration+of+the+One+Hundred+and+Twenty-Fifth+Anniversary%3A+History+of+the+University&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=4-5&rft.date=1912-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Funiversityofpitt821univ%23page%2F4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts198617-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlberts198617_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlberts198617_19-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlberts1986">Alberts 1986</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-Students_celebrate_Fall_Fest-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Students_celebrate_Fall_Fest_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Students_celebrate_Fall_Fest_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Students_celebrate_Fall_Fest_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Students_celebrate_Fall_Fest_20-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2008" class="citation news cs1">Singer, Drew (September 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittnews.com/node/14473">"Students celebrate Fall Fest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Pitt_News" title="The Pitt News">The Pitt News</a>. Pittsburgh, PA. Retrieved September 6, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pitt+News&rft.atitle=Students+celebrate+Fall+Fest&rft.date=2008-09-06&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittnews.com%2Fnode%2F14473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitt_History_–_1893:_William_Hunter_Dammond-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Pitt_History_%E2%80%93_1893:_William_Hunter_Dammond_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/history/1893.html">"Pitt History – 1893: William Hunter Dammond"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030728070330/http://www.pitt.edu/history/1893.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2003. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitt+History+%E2%80%93+1893%3A+William+Hunter+Dammond&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2Fhistory%2F1893.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitt_History_–_1898:_Margaret_and_Stella_Stein-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Pitt_History_%E2%80%93_1898:_Margaret_and_Stella_Stein_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/history/1898.html">"Pitt History – 1898: Margaret and Stella Stein"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030728071028/http://www.pitt.edu/history/1898.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2003. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitt+History+%E2%80%93+1898%3A+Margaret+and+Stella+Stein&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2Fhistory%2F1898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitt_History_–_1906:_Reginald_Fessenden-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Pitt_History_%E2%80%93_1906:_Reginald_Fessenden_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/history/1906.html">"Pitt History – 1906: Reginald Fessenden"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030728032604/http://www.pitt.edu/history/1906.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2003. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitt+History+%E2%80%93+1906%3A+Reginald+Fessenden&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2Fhistory%2F1906.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Owl-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Owl_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Owl_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittyearbooks;idno=1909e49702;seq=23">"The Owl"</a>. Western University of Pennsylvania. 1909. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908024418/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittyearbooks;idno=1909e49702;seq=23">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Owl&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Western+University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=1909&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.pitt.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dpittyearbooks%3Bidno%3D1909e49702%3Bseq%3D23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberts198660–61-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlberts198660%E2%80%9361_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlberts198660%E2%80%9361_25-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlberts1986">Alberts 1986</a>, pp. 60–61. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Panther-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Panther_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Panther_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408223749/http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/trads/pitt-trads-mascot.html">"The Panther"</a>. Pittsburgh Panthers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/trads/pitt-trads-mascot.html">the original</a> on April 8, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Panther&rft.pub=Pittsburgh+Panthers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpittsburghpanthers.cstv.com%2Ftrads%2Fpitt-trads-mascot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Remembering_Polio:_Celebrating_the_50th_Anniversary_of_the_Salk_Polio_Vaccine-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Remembering_Polio:_Celebrating_the_50th_Anniversary_of_the_Salk_Polio_Vaccine_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050215175257/http://www.polio.pitt.edu/">"Remembering Polio: Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Salk Polio Vaccine"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polio.pitt.edu/">the original</a> on February 15, 2005. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Polio%3A+Celebrating+the+50th+Anniversary+of+the+Salk+Polio+Vaccine&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polio.pitt.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Shot_Heard_'Round_the_World-28"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Shot_Heard_'Round_the_World_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.pharmacy.pitt.edu/salk/">"The Shot Heard 'Round the World"</a>. University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725011109/http://museum.pharmacy.pitt.edu/salk/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Shot+Heard+%27Round+the+World&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+School+of+Pharmacy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.pharmacy.pitt.edu%2Fsalk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfo.pitt.edu/documents/FinancialReportFY2016.pdf">"University of Pittsburgh Financial Report Fiscal Year 2016"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013224703/http://www.cfo.pitt.edu/documents/FinancialReportFY2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Pittsburgh+Financial+Report+Fiscal+Year+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfo.pitt.edu%2Fdocuments%2FFinancialReportFY2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pitt-30"><a href="#cite_ref-pitt_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017143746/http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=2788&-Find">"Pitt Ranked 4th Among Public Universities, 10th Among All U.S. Colleges and Universities With Endowments in Excess of $1 Billion in The FY 2006 Percentage Increase in Its Endowment"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. January 24, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=2788&-Find">the original</a> on October 17, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft.atitle=Pitt+Ranked+4th+Among+Public+Universities%2C+10th+Among+All+U.S.+Colleges+and+Universities+With+Endowments+in+Excess+of+%241+Billion+in+The+FY+2006+Percentage+Increase+in+Its+Endowment&rft.date=2007-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmac10.umc.pitt.edu%2Fm%2FFMPro%3F-db%3Dma%26-lay%3Da%26-format%3Dd.html%26id%3D2788%26-Find&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitt_Giving:_Office_of_Institutional_Advancement-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Pitt_Giving:_Office_of_Institutional_Advancement_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giveto.pitt.edu/">"Pitt Giving: Office of Institutional Advancement"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081212004842/http://www.giveto.pitt.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2008. 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Retrieved September 6, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pitt+News&rft.atitle=%22Homecoming+must+be+preserved%22+%28editorial%29&rft.date=2002-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittnews.com%2Fnode%2F12269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Secrets_of_the_Cathedral:_Starting_at_the_top-194"><a href="#cite_ref-Secrets_of_the_Cathedral:_Starting_at_the_top_194-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utimes.pitt.edu/?p=27">"Secrets of the Cathedral: Starting at the top"</a>. University Times. Vol. 36, no. 2. University of Pittsburgh. 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April 9, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080419075129/http://www.pitt.edu/~pittarts/">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitt+arts&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft.date=2008-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F~pittarts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PITT_ARTS_Reaches_More_Than_32,000_Participants_This_Year-202"><a href="#cite_ref-PITT_ARTS_Reaches_More_Than_32,000_Participants_This_Year_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=3327&-Find">"PITT ARTS Reaches More Than 32,000 Participants This Year"</a>. 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February 17, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502211952/http://www.pitt.edu/~sorc/rtp/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Redeye+Theatre+Project&rft.date=2008-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F~sorc%2Frtp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitt_Musical_Theater_Club-206"><a href="#cite_ref-Pitt_Musical_Theater_Club_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pittnews.com/newsstory/musical-theatre-club-tries-to-fill-a-campus-void/">"Pitt Musical Theater Club"</a>. 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Retrieved January 12, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitt+Program+Council&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittprogramcouncil.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sgb.pitt.edu/">"Student Government Board"</a>. Sgb.pitt.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430042932/http://sgb.pitt.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+Government+Board&rft.pub=Sgb.pitt.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsgb.pitt.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-University_of_Pittsburgh_Student_Government_Board-250"><a href="#cite_ref-University_of_Pittsburgh_Student_Government_Board_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/~sgb">"University of Pittsburgh Student Government Board"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515235611/http://www.pitt.edu/~sgb/">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved July 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Pittsburgh+Student+Government+Board&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F~sgb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quo_Vadis-251"><a href="#cite_ref-Quo_Vadis_251-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sorc.pitt.edu/orgSearch.asp?ID=183&search=type&orgTypePick=7">"Quo Vadis"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030355/http://www.sorc.pitt.edu/orgSearch.asp?ID=183&search=type&orgTypePick=7">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quo+Vadis&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sorc.pitt.edu%2ForgSearch.asp%3FID%3D183%26search%3Dtype%26orgTypePick%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rainbow_Alliance-252"><a href="#cite_ref-Rainbow_Alliance_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/~sorc/rainbow/index.html">"Rainbow Alliance"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528170904/http://www.pitt.edu/~sorc/rainbow/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainbow+Alliance&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F~sorc%2Frainbow%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-University_of_Pittsburgh_Mock_Trial-253"><a href="#cite_ref-University_of_Pittsburgh_Mock_Trial_253-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittmocktrial.org/Site/Welcome.html">"University of Pittsburgh Mock Trial"</a>. April 6, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081103092417/http://www.pittmocktrial.org/Site/Welcome.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Pittsburgh+Mock+Trial&rft.date=2008-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittmocktrial.org%2FSite%2FWelcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitt_Honors_College_Mock_Trial_Team_Places_Fifth_in_American_Mock_Trial_Association_National_Competition-254"><a href="#cite_ref-Pitt_Honors_College_Mock_Trial_Team_Places_Fifth_in_American_Mock_Trial_Association_National_Competition_254-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=3323&-Find">"Pitt Honors College Mock Trial Team Places Fifth in American Mock Trial Association National Competition"</a>. News From Pitt. 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Wake Forest University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220120726/http://groups.wfu.edu/NDT/HistoricalLists/particip.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved February 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Debate+Tournament+Participating+Schools%2C+1947%E2%80%932006&rft.pub=Wake+Forest+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.wfu.edu%2FNDT%2FHistoricalLists%2Fparticip.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-William_Pitt_Debating_Union-257"><a href="#cite_ref-William_Pitt_Debating_Union_257-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comm.pitt.edu/debate/index.html">"William Pitt Debating Union"</a>. Department of Communication, Univ. of Pittsburgh. April 2, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080329095033/http://www.comm.pitt.edu/debate/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2008. 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University Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utimes.pitt.edu/news/pro-palestinian-protests">the original</a> on May 7, 2024. 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June 5, 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2024/06/03/university-of-pittsburgh-palestine-gaza-protest/stories/202406030081">the original</a> on June 5, 2024. Retrieved September 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Pittsburgh+protests%3A+Pro-Palestinian+demonstrators+clear+out+after+2nd+night+%7C+Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.date=2024-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Flocal%2Fcity%2F2024%2F06%2F03%2Funiversity-of-pittsburgh-palestine-gaza-protest%2Fstories%2F202406030081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cair.com/press_releases/cair-pittsburgh-calls-on-u-of-pittsburgh-to-drop-charges-against-anti-genocide-protesters/">"CAIR- Pittsburgh Calls on U of Pittsburgh to Drop Charges Against Anti-Genocide Protesters"</a>. CAIR. August 16, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816192906/https://www.cair.com/press_releases/cair-pittsburgh-calls-on-u-of-pittsburgh-to-drop-charges-against-anti-genocide-protesters/">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2024. Retrieved September 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAIR&rft.atitle=CAIR-+Pittsburgh+Calls+on+U+of+Pittsburgh+to+Drop+Charges+Against+Anti-Genocide+Protesters&rft.date=2024-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cair.com%2Fpress_releases%2Fcair-pittsburgh-calls-on-u-of-pittsburgh-to-drop-charges-against-anti-genocide-protesters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYu2024" class="citation web cs1">Yu, Amanda (September 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pittnews.com/article/189377/featured/nobody-is-free-until-everyone-is-free-pitt-students-teachers-and-community-members-attend-palestine-protest-in-schenley-plaza/">"'Nobody is free until everyone is free': Pitt students, teachers, and community members attend Palestine protest in Schenley Plaza"</a>. The Pitt News. Retrieved September 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pitt+News&rft.atitle=%27Nobody+is+free+until+everyone+is+free%27%3A+Pitt+students%2C+teachers%2C+and+community+members+attend+Palestine+protest+in+Schenley+Plaza&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpittnews.com%2Farticle%2F189377%2Ffeatured%2Fnobody-is-free-until-everyone-is-free-pitt-students-teachers-and-community-members-attend-palestine-protest-in-schenley-plaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baird's_Manual_Online-264"><a href="#cite_ref-Baird's_Manual_Online_264-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Raimond_BairdCarroll_Lurding" class="citation web cs1">William Raimond Baird; Carroll Lurding (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uofi.app.box.com/v/institutions-pdf-folder/file/459816605620">"Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities (Baird's Manual Online Archive)"</a>. Student Life and Culture Archives. University of Illinois: University of Illinois Archives.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Student+Life+and+Culture+Archives&rft.atitle=Almanac+of+Fraternities+and+Sororities+%28Baird%27s+Manual+Online+Archive%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuofi.app.box.com%2Fv%2Finstitutions-pdf-folder%2Ffile%2F459816605620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> The main archive URL is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.library.illinois.edu/slc/welcome/fraternity-sorority-almanac/">The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Baird's-265"><a href="#cite_ref-Baird's_265-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsonMarchenasi1991" class="citation book cs1">Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. Baird's Manual of American Fraternities (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. II-153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0963715906" title="Special:BookSources/978-0963715906"><bdi>978-0963715906</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baird%27s+Manual+of+American+Fraternities&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+IN&rft.pages=II-153&rft.edition=20th&rft.pub=Baird%27s+Manual+Foundation%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0963715906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sorority-266"><a href="#cite_ref-sorority_266-0">^</a> The term "sorority" was coined for <a href="/wiki/Gamma_Phi_Beta" title="Gamma Phi Beta">Gamma Phi Beta</a> at its formation at Syracuse University in 1874 by Dr. Frank Smalley, a professor there. Hence, some of the nation's women's organizations pre-date this name, and are officially termed "women's fraternities" in their legal descriptions or historical references. The term "sorority" is commonly accepted for convenience. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecque2013" class="citation web cs1">Becque, Fran (August 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franbecque.com/womens-fraternities-sororities-and-dr-frank-smalley/">"Women's Fraternities, Sororities, and Dr. Frank Smalley"</a>. Fraternity History & More. Retrieved August 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fraternity+History+%26+More&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Fraternities%2C+Sororities%2C+and+Dr.+Frank+Smalley&rft.date=2013-08-12&rft.aulast=Becque&rft.aufirst=Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franbecque.com%2Fwomens-fraternities-sororities-and-dr-frank-smalley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> The Pitt website portal links to numerous chapters: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.pitt.edu/club_signup?group_type=86581&category_tags=">Honor and Professional chapters</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.pitt.edu/club_signup?group_type=86573&category_tags=">IFC fraternities</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.pitt.edu/club_signup?group_type=86569&category_tags=">NPC sororities</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.pitt.edu/club_signup?group_type=86568&category_tags=">NPHC fraternities and sororities</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.pitt.edu/club_signup?group_type=86576&category_tags=">Bradford campus fraternities and sororities (datellite</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pitt.edu/student-life">"Life at Pitt"</a>. pitt.edu. University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pitt.edu&rft.atitle=Life+at+Pitt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2Fstudent-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> In 2018, Alpha Kappa Alpha was suspended by the university because of hazing allegations: A mother reported bruises that she had observed on her daughter's arm. The daughter, along with eleven other students, admitted to having been involved in hazing practices at the sorority. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDzhanova2018" class="citation news cs1">Dzhanova, Yelena (March 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/alpha-kappa-alpha-sorority-suspended-pitt-after-12-claims-hazing-n852066">"Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority suspended at Pitt after 12 claims of hazing"</a>. NBC News. Retrieved July 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Alpha+Kappa+Alpha+sorority+suspended+at+Pitt+after+12+claims+of+hazing&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft.aulast=Dzhanova&rft.aufirst=Yelena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Falpha-kappa-alpha-sorority-suspended-pitt-after-12-claims-hazing-n852066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/greghotchkiss/docs/pittmediaguide2012">Pitt: "Only Big Dreams"</a>. University of Pittsburgh Athletic Media Relations Office. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130415032232/http://www.issuu.com/greghotchkiss/docs/pittmediaguide2012">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pitt%3A+%22Only+Big+Dreams%22&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Athletic+Media+Relations+Office&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fgreghotchkiss%2Fdocs%2Fpittmediaguide2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PittsburghPanthers.com-270">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PittsburghPanthers.com_270-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PittsburghPanthers.com_270-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittsburghpanthers.com/">"University of Pittsburgh Official Athletic Site"</a>. PittsburghPanthers.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715085936/http://www.pittsburghpanthers.com/">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Pittsburgh+Official+Athletic+Site&rft.pub=PittsburghPanthers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittsburghpanthers.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuist2023" class="citation web cs1">Quist, Jim (July 2, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://accnation.net/womens-gymnastics-returns-to-acc-with-addition-of-clemson/">"Women's Gymnastics Returns To ACC With Addition Of Clemson"</a>. ACC Nation. Retrieved July 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Gymnastics+Returns+To+ACC+With+Addition+Of+Clemson&rft.pub=ACC+Nation&rft.date=2023-07-02&rft.aulast=Quist&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faccnation.net%2Fwomens-gymnastics-returns-to-acc-with-addition-of-clemson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080929145557/http://www.ecac.org/membership/division_I/index">"ECAC: Division I (88 Members)"</a>. Eastern College Athletic Conference. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecac.org/membership/division_I/index">the original</a> on September 29, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ECAC%3A+Division+I+%2888+Members%29&rft.pub=Eastern+College+Athletic+Conference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecac.org%2Fmembership%2Fdivision_I%2Findex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scholar_Athletes-273"><a href="#cite_ref-Scholar_Athletes_273-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittsburghpanthers.com/genrel/020513aaa.html">"Pitt Honors Its Scholar-Athletes at Annual Breakfast"</a>. Pittsburgh, PA: PittsburghPanthers.com. February 5, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511014153/http://www.pittsburghpanthers.com/genrel/020513aaa.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitt+Honors+Its+Scholar-Athletes+at+Annual+Breakfast&rft.place=Pittsburgh%2C+PA&rft.pub=PittsburghPanthers.com&rft.date=2013-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittsburghpanthers.com%2Fgenrel%2F020513aaa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studentaffairs.pitt.edu/IR_club">"Student Affairs: Club Sports"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140919023515/http://www.studentaffairs.pitt.edu/IR_club">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2014. Retrieved August 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+Affairs%3A+Club+Sports&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studentaffairs.pitt.edu%2FIR_club&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010_Hoops_&_Helmets_Rankings-275"><a href="#cite_ref-2010_Hoops_&_Helmets_Rankings_275-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCirminiello2010" class="citation web cs1">Cirminiello, Richard (March 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525110254/http://cfn.scout.com/2/954366.html">"2010 Hoops & Helmets Rankings"</a>. CollegeFootballNews.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cfn.scout.com/2/954366.html">the original</a> on May 25, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Hoops+%26+Helmets+Rankings&rft.pub=CollegeFootballNews.com&rft.date=2010-03-16&rft.aulast=Cirminiello&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcfn.scout.com%2F2%2F954366.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Best_of_both:_BCS_era_combined_standings-276"><a href="#cite_ref-Best_of_both:_BCS_era_combined_standings_276-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegargee2010" class="citation web cs1">Megargee, Steve (June 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620081227/http://collegefootball.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=1090378">"Best of both: BCS era combined standings"</a>. Brentwood, TN: Rivals.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collegefootball.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=1090378">the original</a> on June 20, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+of+both%3A+BCS+era+combined+standings&rft.place=Brentwood%2C+TN&rft.pub=Rivals.com&rft.date=2010-06-03&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollegefootball.rivals.com%2Fcontent.asp%3FCID%3D1090378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flourishing_Five_No._5:_Resurgent_Pitt_football_doing_its_part-277"><a href="#cite_ref-Flourishing_Five_No._5:_Resurgent_Pitt_football_doing_its_part_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodd2010" class="citation news cs1">Dodd, Dennis (July 22, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/story/13660952/top-footballbasketball-schools-resurgent-pitt-football-doing-its-part?tag=coverlist_active;coverlist_photo">"Flourishing Five No. 5: Resurgent Pitt football doing its part"</a>. CBSSports.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129231557/http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/story/13660952/top-footballbasketball-schools-resurgent-pitt-football-doing-its-part?tag=coverlist_active;coverlist_photo">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBSSports.com&rft.atitle=Flourishing+Five+No.+5%3A+Resurgent+Pitt+football+doing+its+part&rft.date=2010-07-22&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbssports.com%2Fcollegefootball%2Fstory%2F13660952%2Ftop-footballbasketball-schools-resurgent-pitt-football-doing-its-part%3Ftag%3Dcoverlist_active%3Bcoverlist_photo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-espn.com-278"><a href="#cite_ref-espn.com_278-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/espn/news/story?page=061221two-sportchart">"Top two-sport schools over the last five years"</a>. ESPN. December 21, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080606055227/http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/news/story?page=061221two-sportchart">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+two-sport+schools+over+the+last+five+years&rft.pub=ESPN&rft.date=2006-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fespn%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fpage%3D061221two-sportchart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-All-Sport_Rankings-279"><a href="#cite_ref-All-Sport_Rankings_279-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBressman2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Bressman, Theodore B. (December 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126114659/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/sioncampus/12/14/allsports.rankings/index.html">"All-Sport Rankings"</a>. Sports Illustrated. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/sioncampus/12/14/allsports.rankings/index.html">the original</a> on January 26, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=All-Sport+Rankings&rft.date=2006-12-14&rft.aulast=Bressman&rft.aufirst=Theodore+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2F2006%2Fsioncampus%2F12%2F14%2Fallsports.rankings%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2008" class="citation news cs1">Singer, Drew (January 11, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080114012202/http://media.www.pittnews.com/media/storage/paper879/news/2008/01/11/News/Sgb-Unleashes.Panther.Statues-3149313.shtml">"SGB unleashes panther statues"</a>. The Pitt News. Pittsburgh, PA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.www.pittnews.com/media/storage/paper879/news/2008/01/11/News/Sgb-Unleashes.Panther.Statues-3149313.shtml">the original</a> on January 14, 2008. 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Pro Football Hall of Fame. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015213447/http://www.profootballhof.com/photos/mike-ditka-class-of-1988/2012/5/29/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mike+Ditka%2C+Class+of+1988&rft.pub=Pro+Football+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballhof.com%2Fphotos%2Fmike-ditka-class-of-1988%2F2012%2F5%2F29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?player_id=59">"Tony Dorsett"</a>. Pro Football Hall of Fame. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130806120526/http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?player_id=59">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tony+Dorsett&rft.pub=Pro+Football+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballhof.com%2Fhof%2Fmember.aspx%3Fplayer_id%3D59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831073425/http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/tag/henry-clifford-carlson">"Hall of Famers:Henry Clifford Carlson"</a>. Basketball Hall of Fame. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/tag/henry-clifford-carlson">the original</a> on August 31, 2009. Retrieved August 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hall+of+Famers%3AHenry+Clifford+Carlson&rft.pub=Basketball+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoophall.com%2Fhall-of-famers%2Ftag%2Fhenry-clifford-carlson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDukeShekletski2009" class="citation book cs1">Duke, Sophia; Shekletski, Anne, eds. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094015/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/pitt/sports/m-track/auto_pdf/2009-10MediaGuide.pdf">2010 Pitt Track & Field Media Guide</a> (PDF). University of Pittsburgh Athletics Media Relations Office. p. 56. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/pitt/sports/m-track/auto_pdf/2009-10MediaGuide.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2010+Pitt+Track+%26+Field+Media+Guide&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Athletics+Media+Relations+Office&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrfx.cstv.com%2Fphotos%2Fschools%2Fpitt%2Fsports%2Fm-track%2Fauto_pdf%2F2009-10MediaGuide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Works cited" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberts1986" class="citation book cs1">Alberts, Robert C. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&idno=00c50130m&seq=509">Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh 1787–1987</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Press" title="University of Pittsburgh Press">University of Pittsburgh Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-1150-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-1150-0"><bdi>978-0-8229-1150-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pitt%3A+The+Story+of+the+University+of+Pittsburgh+1787%E2%80%931987&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-8229-1150-0&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.pitt.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dpittmiscpubs%26idno%3D00c50130m%26seq%3D509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pittsburgh" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" 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src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&oldid=1258450076">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&oldid=1258450076</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pittsburgh&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 19 November 2024, at 20:18 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pittsburgh" title="Universiteit van Pittsburgh – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Universiteit van Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="جامعة بيتسبرغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة بيتسبرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_de_Pittsburgh" title="Universidá de Pittsburgh – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Universidá de Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="پیتسبرق بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیتسبرق بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="পিটসবার্গ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিটসবার্গ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Пітсбургскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пітсбургскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Питсбъргски университет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Питсбъргски университет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Pittsburgh" title="Universitat de Pittsburgh – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="University of Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universideet_Pittsbarrig" title="Universideet Pittsbarrig – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Universideet Pittsbarrig" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="University of Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburghi_%C3%9Clikool" title="Pittsburghi Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pittsburghi Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Pittsburgh" title="Universidad de Pittsburgh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Picburgo" title="Universitato de Picburgo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Picburgo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="دانشگاه پیتسبرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه پیتسبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Pittsburgh" title="Université de Pittsburgh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollscoil_Pittsburgh" title="Ollscoil Pittsburgh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollscoil Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Thai-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Pittsburgh Thai-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pittsburgh Thai-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%B8%A0%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="피츠버그 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피츠버그 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Փիթսբուրգի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փիթսբուրգի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="पिट्सबर्ग विश्वविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिट्सबर्ग विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Pittsburghu" title="Sveučilište u Pittsburghu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveučilište u Pittsburghu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Pittsburgh" title="Universitas Pittsburgh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh-h%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li" title="Pittsburgh-háskóli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pittsburgh-háskóli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Pittsburgh" title="Università di Pittsburgh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="אוניברסיטת פיטסבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת פיטסבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Питтсбург университети – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Питтсбург университети" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburghi_Egyetem" title="Pittsburghi Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pittsburghi Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pittsburgh" title="Universiteit van Pittsburgh – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ピッツバーグ大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピッツバーグ大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="University of Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="University of Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="یونیورسٹی آف پٹسبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونیورسٹی آف پٹسبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_Pittsburski" title="Uniwersytet Pittsburski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet Pittsburski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Pittsburgh" title="Universidade de Pittsburgh – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_din_Pittsburgh" title="Universitatea din Pittsburgh – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea din Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Питтсбургска универзита – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Питтсбургска универзита" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Питтсбургский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Питтсбургский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="University of Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Универзитет у Питсбургу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Питсбургу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Pittsburghu" title="Univerzitet u Pittsburghu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet u Pittsburghu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburghin_yliopisto" title="Pittsburghin yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pittsburghin yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="University of Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Pittsburgh" title="Unibersidad ng Pittsburgh – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="มหาวิทยาลัยพิตต์สเบิร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยพิตต์สเบิร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Pittsburgh Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pittsburgh Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Університет Піттсбурга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Університет Піттсбурга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Pittsburgh" title="Đại học Pittsburgh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Pittsburgh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%B9%E8%8C%B2%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="匹茲堡大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="匹茲堡大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%B9%E8%8C%B2%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="匹茲堡大學 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="匹茲堡大學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 20:18 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul 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