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class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Polis" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Polis" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create 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from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Words_coming_from_"polis"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words_coming_from_"polis""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Words coming from "polis"</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Words_coming_from_"polis"-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Words coming from "polis" subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Words_coming_from_"polis"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Other cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis_(stad)" title="Polis (stad) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Polis (stad)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="بوليس (مدينة يونانية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوليس (مدينة يونانية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis_(antik)" title="Polis (antik) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polis (antik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C)" title="Поліс (антычнасць) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Поліс (антычнасць)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Полис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis_(Henc%27hres)" title="Polis (Henc'hres) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Polis (Henc'hres)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Πόλις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliso_(urbo%C5%9Dtato)" title="Poliso (urboŝtato) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Poliso (urboŝtato)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="پولیس (یونان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پولیس (یونان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="폴리스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Պոլիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոլիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1" title="פוליס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוליס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="პოლისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Полис (ежелгі қала) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Полис (ежелгі қала)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Полис – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Полис" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisz" title="Polisz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Polisz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Полис (град-држава) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полис (град-држава)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87)" title="بوليس (مدينه ضايعه فى اليونان القديمه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوليس (مدينه ضايعه فى اليونان القديمه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis_(Yunani_Purba)" title="Polis (Yunani Purba) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Polis (Yunani Purba)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82-%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Грекийн хот-улсууд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Грекийн хот-улсууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis_(stad)" title="Polis (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polis (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="ポリス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポリス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lis" title="Pólis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pólis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9)" title="Полис (античный) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Полис (античный)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)" title="Полис (античность) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полис (античность)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisi" title="Polisi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Polisi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Полис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis_(antiken)" title="Polis (antiken) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polis (antiken)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lis" title="Pólis – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pólis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Polis (şehir) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polis (şehir)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Поліс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поліс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3_(%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="پولس (شہری ریاست) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولس (شہری ریاست)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis" title="Polis – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Polis" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_bang_Hy_L%E1%BA%A1p" title="Thành bang Hy Lạp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành bang Hy Lạp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="希腊城邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希腊城邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6_(%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98)" title="城邦 (希臘) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="城邦 (希臘)" 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lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Polis</b> means a <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a>, a <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a> and also <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a> and body of citizens. In context with <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> <i>polis</i> means nearly always "city-state." </p><p>The word originates from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-states</a>, which developed during the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a> period and existed well into <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> times, when the equivalent <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word was <i>civitas</i>, that means 'citizenhood' as well. </p><p>An ancient <i>polis</i> often centered around a <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a>, called the <i><a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">acropolis</a></i>. Nearly always it had an <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agora (not yet started)">agora</a></i> (market) and typically one or more temples and a <i><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)" title="Gymnasium (ancient Greece)">gymnasium</a></i>. Many citizens of a <i>polis</i> did not live in the central city but in the suburbs or countryside. The Greeks regarded the <i>polis</i> as a religious and political association: while the <i>polis</i> would control territory and colonies beyond the city itself, the <i>polis</i> would not simply consist of a geographical area. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Words_coming_from_"polis""><span id="Words_coming_from_.22polis.22"></span>Words coming from "polis"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Words coming from "polis"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Words coming from "polis""><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> languages have many words that come from <i>polis</i>. In English there are <b><a href="/wiki/Policy" class="mw-disambig" title="Policy">policy</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polity</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>.</b> In <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, words coming from <i>polis</i> include <i>politēs</i> and <i>politismos</i>. </p><p>A number of words end in the word "-polis". Most refer to a special kind of city and/or state. Some examples are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megapolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megapolis (not yet started)">Megalopolis</a>, made by adding Greek word for "big" and meaning a <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> built by merging several cities and their suburbs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a>, made by adding the Greek word for "mother" and meaning the mother city of a colony, the see of a metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metropolitan area</a>.</li></ul> <p>Other refer to part of a city or a group of cities, such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">Acropolis</a>, 'high city' — upper part of a polis, often citadel and/or site of major temple(s).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripolis (not yet started)">Tripolis</a>, a group of three cities, retained in the names of a <a href="/wiki/Tripoli" title="Tripoli">Tripoli</a> in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/namesake" class="extiw" title="wikt:namesake">namesake</a> in Lebanon</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_cities">Other cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Other cities" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Other cities"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The names of several other towns and cities in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> have contained the suffix "<i>-polis</i>" since antiquity; or currently feature modernized spellings, such as "<i>-pol</i>". Some of the examples are: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Heliopolis_(ancient)" title="Heliopolis (ancient)">Heliopolis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> <p>The names of other cities were also given the suffix "<i>-polis</i>" after antiquity, either referring to ancient names or simply unrelated: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Annapolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapolis">Annapolis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis,_IN" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis, IN">Indianapolis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, United States of America</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis, Minnesota">Minneapolis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, United States of America</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Illiopolis,_Illinois" title="Illiopolis, Illinois">Illiopolis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, United States of America</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolis,_Illinois" title="Metropolis, Illinois">Metropolis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, United States of America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demopolis,_Alabama" title="Demopolis, Alabama">Demopolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, United States of America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian%C3%B3polis" title="Florianópolis">Florianópolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a>, Brazil</li> <li>Thermopolis, Wyoming, Unites States of America</li></ul> <p>There are a large number of cities ending in polis located in Brazil, particularly in the state of <a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a>. Examples include: </p> <ul><li>Anápolis</li> <li>Nerópolis</li> <li>Pirenópolis</li> <li>Figueirópolis</li> <li>Palmeirópolis</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Further reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Further reading"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hansen, Mogens Herman. <i>Polis: An Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006 (hardcover, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-920849-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-920849-2">0-19-920849-2</a>; paperback, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-920850-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-920850-6">0-19-920850-6</a>).</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <table cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; width: 100%; font-size: 95%; border: 1px #aaa; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 1em; position: relative; clear: right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top; padding-top: 2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> </td> <td><i>This article includes text from the public domain <a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica">1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica</a>. 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