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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Proposta</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Proposta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lettera_di_Pauli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lettera_di_Pauli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Lettera di Pauli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lettera_di_Pauli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoperta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoperta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Scoperta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoperta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neutrino elettronico</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Disponibile in 35 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronneutrino" title="Elektronneutrino - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektronneutrino" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="إلكترون نيوترينو - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إلكترون نيوترينو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n-neutr%C3%ADn" title="Electrón-neutrín - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Electrón-neutrín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Электроннае нейтрына - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электроннае нейтрына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí electrònic - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neutrí electrònic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino" title="Electron neutrino - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electron neutrino" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_electr%C3%B3nico" title="Neutrino electrónico - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neutrino electrónico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroi_neutrino" title="Elektroi neutrino - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elektroi neutrino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88" title="الکترون نوترینو - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکترون نوترینو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Neutrino électronique - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neutrino électronique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="נייטרינו אלקטרוני - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נייטרינו אלקטרוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="इलेक्ट्रॉन न्यूट्रिनो - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इलेक्ट्रॉन न्यूट्रिनो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronski_neutrino" title="Elektronski neutrino - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektronski neutrino" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8" title="Էլեկտրոնային նեյտրինո - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրոնային նեյտրինո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_elektron" title="Neutrino elektron - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neutrino elektron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8E" title="電子ニュートリノ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電子ニュートリノ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="ელექტრონული ნეიტრინო - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრონული ნეიტრინო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="전자 중성미자 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전자 중성미자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Електронско неутрино - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електронско неутрино" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="အီလက်ထရွန် နယူထရီနို - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီလက်ထရွန် နယူထရီနို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron-neutrino" title="Elektron-neutrino - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektron-neutrino" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronn%C3%B8ytrino" title="Elektronnøytrino - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektronnøytrino" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_do_el%C3%A9tron" title="Neutrino do elétron - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neutrino do elétron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Электронное нейтрино - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электронное нейтрино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronski_neutrino" title="Elektronski neutrino - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektronski neutrino" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino" title="Electron neutrino - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electron neutrino" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronski_nevtrino" title="Elektronski nevtrino - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektronski nevtrino" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronski_neutrino" title="Elektronski neutrino - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Elektronski neutrino" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_neutrino" title="Elektron neutrino - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Elektron neutrino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_n%C3%B6trinosu" title="Elektron nötrinosu - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektron nötrinosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Електронне нейтрино - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електронне нейтрино" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_electron" title="Neutrino electron - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Neutrino electron" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino" title="Electron neutrino - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Electron neutrino" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Reindirizzamento da <strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antineutrino_elettronico&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino elettronico">Antineutrino elettronico</a></strong>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#bfdfff">Neutrino elettronico</th></tr><tr><th>Classificazione</th><td><a href="/wiki/Particella_elementare" title="Particella elementare">Particella elementare</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Famiglia</th><td><a href="/wiki/Fermioni" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermioni">Fermioni</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Gruppo</th><td><a href="/wiki/Leptoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptoni">Leptoni</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Generazione_(fisica)" title="Generazione (fisica)">Generazione</a></th><td>Prima </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Interazioni_fondamentali" title="Interazioni fondamentali">Interazioni</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gravit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravità">Gravità</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interazione_debole" title="Interazione debole">debole</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Simbolo</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap">ν<sub>e</sub></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Antiparticella" title="Antiparticella">Antiparticella</a></th><td>Antineutrino elettronico (<span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><sub>e</sub></span>) </td></tr><tr><th>Teorizzata</th><td><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> (1930) </td></tr><tr><th>Scoperta</th><td><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Cowan" title="Clyde Cowan">Clyde Cowan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a> (1956) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#bfdfff">Proprietà fisiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Massa_a_riposo" title="Massa a riposo">Massa</a></th><td>piccola ma non uguale a zero. Vedi <i><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Massa" title="Neutrino">massa del neutrino</a></i>. </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Carica_elementare" title="Carica elementare">Carica elettrica</a></th><td>0 <a href="/wiki/Carica_elementare" title="Carica elementare">e</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Carica_di_colore" title="Carica di colore">Carica di colore</a></th><td>No </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">Spin</a></th><td>1⁄2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>neutrino elettronico</b> (<span style="white-space:nowrap">ν<sub>e</sub></span>) è il primo dei tre <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrini</a> che, insieme all'<a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettrone</a>, forma la prima <a href="/wiki/Generazione_(fisica)" title="Generazione (fisica)">generazione</a> di <a href="/wiki/Leptone" title="Leptone">leptoni</a>, perciò il suo nome <i>neutrino elettronico</i>. Venne per la prima volta ipotizzato da <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> nel 1930, per tenere conto del <a href="/wiki/Conservazione_del_momento" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservazione del momento">momento mancante</a> e dell'<a href="/wiki/Legge_di_conservazione_dell%27energia" title="Legge di conservazione dell'energia">energia mancante</a> nel <a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">decadimento beta</a>, e venne scoperto nel 1956 da una squadra condotta da <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Cowan" title="Clyde Cowan">Clyde Cowan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a> (vedi <a href="/wiki/Esperimento_del_neutrino_di_Cowan_e_Reines" title="Esperimento del neutrino di Cowan e Reines">esperimento del neutrino di Cowan e Reines</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-LAS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposta">Proposta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Proposta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Proposta"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nei primi anni del 1900, le teorie hanno previsto che gli elettroni del <a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">decadimento beta</a> avrebbero dovuto essere emessi ad una specifica energia. Tuttavia, nel 1914, <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> ha dimostrato che gli elettroni venivano invece emessi in uno spettro continuo.<sup id="cite_ref-LAS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>n<sup>⁰</sup> → p<sup>+</sup> + e<sup>-</sup><br /><span style="font-size: small">La prima comprensione del decadimento beta.</span></dd></dl> <p>Nel 1930, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> teorizzava che una particella non rilevata portava via la differenza osservata tra <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_conservazione_dell%27energia" title="Legge di conservazione dell'energia">energia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservazione_del_momento" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservazione del momento">momento</a> e <a href="/wiki/Conservazione_del_momento_angolare" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservazione del momento angolare">momento angolare</a> delle particelle iniziali e finali.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>n<sup>⁰</sup> → p<sup>+</sup> + e<sup>-</sup> + ν<sup>⁰</sup><sub>e</sub><br /><span style="font-size: small">La versione di Pauli del decadimento beta.</span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lettera_di_Pauli">Lettera di Pauli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Lettera di Pauli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Lettera di Pauli"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il 4 dicembre del 1930, Pauli scrisse la sua famosa lettera all'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Istituto_di_Fisica_dell%27Istituto_Federale_di_Tecnologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istituto di Fisica dell'Istituto Federale di Tecnologia (la pagina non esiste)">Istituto di Fisica dell'Istituto Federale di Tecnologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zurigo" title="Zurigo">Zurigo</a>, dove proponeva il neutrino elettronico come una soluzione potenziale per risolvere il problema dello spettro continuo del decadimento beta.<sup id="cite_ref-LAS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nella comprensione del testo della lettera può essere utile ricordare che nella lettera Pauli denomina il neutrino <i>neutrone</i> come si spiega nel paragrafo successivo di questo articolo. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Cari signore e signori radioattivi, </p><p>Come latore di queste righe [...] cercherò di spiegarmi in modo più esatto, considerando le statistiche 'false' dei nuclei dell'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Azoto-14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azoto-14 (la pagina non esiste)">N-14</a> e del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litio-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litio-6 (la pagina non esiste)">Li-6</a>, così come lo spettro <i>β</i> continuo. Ho escogitato un rimedio disperato per salvare il "teorema dello scambio" di statistiche e il teorema dell'energia. Vale a dire [c'è] la possibilità che possano esistere nei nuclei particelle elettricamente neutre che mi piace chiamare neutroni,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> le quali hanno uno spin di 1/2 e obbediscono al principio di esclusione e, in più, differiscono dai <a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">quanti di luce</a> nel senso che non viaggiano alla velocità della luce: la massa del neutrone deve essere dello stesso ordine di grandezza della massa dell'elettrone e, in ogni caso, non superiore a 0,01 della massa del protone. Lo spettro <i>β</i> continuo diventerebbe allora comprensibile in base al presupposto che nel decadimento <i>β</i> un neutrone venga emesso insieme all'elettrone, in modo tale che la somma delle energie del neutrone e dell'elettrone resti costante. [...] Ma non mi sento abbastanza sicuro di pubblicare qualcosa riguardo a questa idea, così per prima mi rivolgo con fiducia a voi, cari radioattivi, con una questione in merito alla situazione concernente la prova sperimentale di un tale neutrone, se abbia qualcosa come circa 10 volte la penetrante capacità di un <a href="/wiki/Raggio_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Raggio gamma">raggio <i>γ</i></a>. Ammetto che il mio rimedio può sembrare di avere una piccola probabilità <i>a priori</i>, perché i neutroni, se esistono, probabilmente sarebbero stati visti molto tempo fa. Tuttavia, solo chi scommette può vincere, e la gravità della situazione dello spettro <i>β</i> continuo può essere resa in modo chiaro con il detto del mio onorato predecessore in carica, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Mr. Debye</a>, [...] "È meglio non pensarci affatto, come le nuove tasse." [...] Così, cari radioattivi, mettetelo alla prova e sistematelo nel modo giusto. [...] </p><p>Con tanti saluti a voi, anche a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Emil_Alexander_Back&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Emil Alexander Back (la pagina non esiste)">Mr. Back</a>, il vostro devoto servitore» </p> </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small>W. Pauli</small>)</p></div> <p>Una ristampa della lettera completa tradotta è disponibile nel numero di settembre del 1978 di <i><a href="/wiki/Physics_Today" title="Physics Today">Physics Today</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scoperta">Scoperta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Scoperta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Scoperta"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Esperimento_del_neutrino_di_Cowan_e_Reines" title="Esperimento del neutrino di Cowan e Reines">Esperimento del neutrino di Cowan e Reines</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_neutrino_observation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/First_neutrino_observation.jpg/220px-First_neutrino_observation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/First_neutrino_observation.jpg/330px-First_neutrino_observation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/First_neutrino_observation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>La prima osservazione di un neutrino (13 novembre 1970). Un neutrino colpisce un protone in una <a href="/wiki/Camera_a_bolle" title="Camera a bolle">camera a bolle</a> di idrogeno. La collisione accade nel punto in cui emanano le tre tracce sulla destra della fotografia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il neutrino elettronico venne scoperto da <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Cowan" title="Clyde Cowan">Clyde Cowan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a> nel 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-LAS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nome">Nome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Nome" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Nome"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pauli originariamente chiamò la sua particella di luce proposta <i>neutrone</i>. Quando <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> nel 1932 scoprì una particella nucleare di massa molto maggiore la chiamò ugualmente <a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">neutrone</a>, e ciò lasciò le due particelle con lo stesso nome. <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>, che sviluppò la teoria del decadimento beta, per risolvere in modo intelligente la confusione, nel 1934 coniò il termine di <i><a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino</a></i>. Fu una <a href="/wiki/Paronomasia" title="Paronomasia">paronomasia</a> sul <i>neutrone</i>, l'equivalente <a href="/wiki/Lingua_italiana" title="Lingua italiana">italiano</a> di <i>neutrone</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-radioactivity_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radioactivity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Con la previsione e la scoperta di un secondo neutrino, divenne importante distinguere tra i diversi tipi di neutrini. Il neutrino di Pauli viene adesso identificato come neutrino elettronico, mentre il secondo neutrino è identificato come <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_muonico" title="Neutrino muonico">neutrino muonico</a>. Tuttavia, a causa delle considerazioni storiche, il neutrino elettronico viene spesso semplicemente riferito come neutrino. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LAS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-LAS_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-LAS_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-LAS_1-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-LAS_1-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?25-02.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Reines-Cowan Experiments: Detecting the Poltergeist</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Alamos_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Alamos Science (la pagina non esiste)">Los Alamos Science</a></span>, vol. 25, 1997, p. 3. <small>URL consultato il 10 febbraio 2010</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> in particolare era contrario a questa interpretazione del decadimento beta ed era pronto ad accettare che l'energia, il momento e il momento angolare non fossero quantità conservate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> K. Riesselmann, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090531073123/http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/cms/?pid=1000450"><span style="font-style:italic;">Logbook: Neutrino Invention</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symmetry_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symmetry Magazine (la pagina non esiste)">Symmetry Magazine</a></span>, vol. 4, n. 2, 2007 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/cms/?pid=1000450">url originale</abbr> il 31 maggio 2009)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Vedi <i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Nome">Nome</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) L.M. Brown, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1063/1.2995181"><span style="font-style:italic;">The idea of the neutrino</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Physics_Today" title="Physics Today">Physics Today</a></span>, vol. 31, n. 9, 1978, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2995181">10.1063/1.2995181</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) F. Reines e C.L. Cowan, Jr., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1038/178446a0"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Neutrino</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></span>, vol. 178, 1956, p. 446, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F178446a0">10.1038/178446a0</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-radioactivity-7"><a href="#cite_ref-radioactivity_7-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) M.F. L'Annunziata, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=YpEiPPFlNAAC"><span style="font-style:italic;">Radioactivity</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>, 2007, p. 100, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-444-52715-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-444-52715-8">978-0-444-52715-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) F. Reines e C.L. Cowan, Jr., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1038/178446a0"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Neutrino</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></span>, vol. 178, 1956, p. 446, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F178446a0">10.1038/178446a0</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) C.L. Cowan, Jr., F. Reines, F.B. Harrison, H.W. Kruse e A.D. McGuire, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1126/science.124.3212.103"><span style="font-style:italic;">Detection of the Free Neutrino: A Confirmation</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a></span>, vol. 124, 1956, p. 103, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.124.3212.103">10.1126/science.124.3212.103</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino_tauonico" title="Neutrino tauonico">Neutrino tauonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino_muonico" title="Neutrino muonico">Neutrino muonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antineutrino" title="Antineutrino">Antineutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillazione_del_neutrino" title="Oscillazione del neutrino">Oscillazione del neutrino</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrino_elettronico&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Leptone" title="Leptone">Leptoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">Elettrone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">Positrone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muone" title="Muone">Muone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antimuone" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimuone">Antimuone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tauone" title="Tauone">Tauone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antitauone" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitauone">Antitauone</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neutrino elettronico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_elettronico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino elettronico">Antineutrino elettronico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_muonico" title="Neutrino muonico">Neutrino muonico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_muonico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino muonico">Antineutrino muonico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_tauonico" title="Neutrino tauonico">Neutrino tauonico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_tauonico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino tauonico">Antineutrino tauonico</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Bosone_(fisica)" title="Bosone (fisica)">Bosoni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_gauge" title="Bosone di gauge">Gauge</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">Fotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gluone" title="Gluone">Gluone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_W_e_Z" title="Bosoni W e Z">Bosoni W e Z</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_scalare" title="Bosone scalare">Scalari</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_Higgs" title="Bosone di Higgs">Bosone di Higgs</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Lista_delle_particelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista delle particelle">Ipotetiche</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Sparticella" title="Sparticella">Sparticelle</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:8%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Gaugino" title="Gaugino">Gaugini</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Gluino" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluino">Gluino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravitino" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fotino" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotino">Fotino</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:8%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Axino" title="Axino">Axino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chargino" title="Chargino">Chargino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Higgsino" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgsino">Higgsino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sfermione" title="Sfermione">Sfermione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosino_(particella)" title="Bosino (particella)">Bosino</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Assione" title="Assione">Assione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dilatone" title="Dilatone">Dilatone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravitone" title="Gravitone">Gravitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monopolo_magnetico" title="Monopolo magnetico">Monopolo magnetico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Majorone" title="Majorone">Majorone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tachione" title="Tachione">Tachione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_X_e_Y" title="Bosoni X e Y">Bosoni X e Y</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_W%27_e_Z%27" title="Bosoni W' e Z'">bosoni W' e Z'</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_sterile" title="Neutrino sterile">Neutrino sterile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Preone_(fisica)" title="Preone (fisica)">Preone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fermione_di_Majorana" title="Fermione di Majorana">Fermione di Majorana</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b>Altre</b></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_di_Faddeev-Popov" title="Ghost di Faddeev-Popov">Ghost di Faddeev-Popov</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td rowspan="3" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/400px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/600px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/800px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Stato_legato" class="mw-redirect" title="Stato legato">Composte</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="background:transparent"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">Adroni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Barione" title="Barione">Barioni</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Iperone_(fisica)" title="Iperone (fisica)">iperoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nucleone" title="Nucleone">Nucleone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">Protone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">Neutrone</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_delta" title="Barione delta">Barione delta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_lambda" title="Barione lambda">Barione lambda</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_sigma" title="Barione sigma">Barione sigma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_Xi" title="Barione Xi">Barione Xi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_omega" title="Barione omega">Barione omega</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Mesone" title="Mesone">Mesoni</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Quarkonio" title="Quarkonio">quarkoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Pione" title="Pione">Pione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_rho" title="Mesone rho">Mesone rho</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_eta" title="Mesone eta">Mesoni eta e eta primo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_phi" title="Mesone phi">Mesone phi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_omega" title="Mesone omega">Mesone omega</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_J/Psi" title="Mesone J/Psi">Mesone J/Psi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_upsilon" title="Mesone upsilon">Mesone upsilon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kaone" title="Kaone">Kaone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_B" title="Mesone B">Mesone B</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_D" title="Mesone D">Mesone D</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Adrone_esotico" title="Adrone esotico">Adroni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Tetraquark" title="Tetraquark">Tetraquark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">Pentaquark</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Particelle_composte_ipotetiche" title="Categoria:Particelle composte ipotetiche">Ipotetiche</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Barione_esotico" title="Barione esotico">Barioni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Esaquark" title="Esaquark">Esaquark</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Mesone_esotico" title="Mesone esotico">Mesoni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Glueball" title="Glueball">Glueball</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Odderone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odderone (la pagina non esiste)">Odderone</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_theta" title="Mesone theta">Mesone theta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_T" title="Mesone T">Mesone T</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Molecola_mesonica" title="Molecola mesonica">Molecola mesonica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pomerone" title="Pomerone">Pomerone</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b>Altre</b></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">Nuclei atomici</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">Atomi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomo_esotico" title="Atomo esotico">Atomi esotici</a> (<a href="/wiki/Positronio" title="Positronio">Positronio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muonio_(fisica)" title="Muonio (fisica)">Muonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tauonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauonio">Tauonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pionio" title="Pionio">Pionio</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomolecola" title="Atomolecola">Atomolecole</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">Molecole</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superatomo" title="Superatomo">Superatomo</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Quasiparticella" title="Quasiparticella">Quasiparticelle</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="background:transparent"><a href="/wiki/Droplettone" title="Droplettone">Droplettone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eccitone" title="Eccitone">Eccitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fasone" title="Fasone">Fasone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frattone_(particella)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frattone (particella) (la pagina non esiste)">Frattone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fonone" title="Fonone">Fonone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(fisica)" title="Lacuna (fisica)">Lacuna</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Levitone" title="Levitone">Levitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Magnone_(fisica)" title="Magnone (fisica)">Magnone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmarone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmarone (la pagina non esiste)">Plasmarone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasmone" title="Plasmone">Plasmone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polaritone" title="Polaritone">Polaritone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polarone" title="Polarone">Polarone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Qualunquone" title="Qualunquone">Qualunquone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rotone" title="Rotone">Rotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skyrmione" title="Skyrmione">Skyrmione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skyrmione_magnetico" title="Skyrmione magnetico">Skyrmione magnetico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solitone" title="Solitone">Solitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solitone_di_Davydov" title="Solitone di Davydov">Solitone di Davydov</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spinone_(fisica)" title="Spinone (fisica)">Spinone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Topolaritone" title="Topolaritone">Topolaritone</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Cronologia_della_scoperta_delle_particelle" title="Cronologia della scoperta delle particelle">Cronologia della scoperta delle particelle</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fisica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Fisica" title="Portale:Fisica">Portale Fisica</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di fisica</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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