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choice</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: entry mode choice"> <meta name="keywords" content="entry mode choice"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="entry mode choice"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4059</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: entry mode choice</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4059</span> Transaction Costs in Institutional Environment and Entry Mode Choice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20D.%20Mroczek">K. D. Mroczek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the study presented institutional context is discussed in terms of companies’ entry mode choice. In contrary to many previous analyses, instead of using one or two aggregated variables, a set of eleven determinants is used to establish equity and non-equity internationalization friendly conditions. Based on secondary data, 140 countries are analysed and grouped into clusters revealing similar framework. The range of the economies explored is wide as it covers all regions distinguished by The World Bank. The results can prove a useful alternative for operationalization of institutional variables in further research concerning entry modes or strategic management in international markets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20mode%20choice" title=" entry mode choice"> entry mode choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20environment" title=" institutional environment"> institutional environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction%20costs" title=" transaction costs"> transaction costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2511/transaction-costs-in-institutional-environment-and-entry-mode-choice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4058</span> Simultaneous versus Sequential Model in Foreign Entry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Heredia">Patricia Heredia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Saz"> Isabel Saz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Fern%C3%A1ndez"> Marta Fernández</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article proposes that the decision regarding exporting and the choice of export channel are nested and non-independent decisions. We assume that firms make two sequential decisions before arriving at their final choice: the decision to access foreign markets and the decision about the type of channel. This hierarchical perspective of the choices involved in the process is appealing for two reasons. First, it supports the idea that people have a limited analytical capacity. Managers often break down a complex decision into a hierarchical process because this makes it more manageable. Secondly, it recognizes that important differences exist between entry modes. In light of the above, the objective of this study is to test different entry mode choice processes: independent decisions and nested and non-independent decisions. To do this, the methodology estimates and compares the following two models: (i) a simultaneous single-stage model with three entry mode choices (using a multinomial logit model); ii) a two-stage model with the export decision preceding the channel decision using a sequential logit model. The study uses resource-based factors in determining these decision processes concerning internationalization and the study carries out empirical analysis using a DOC Rioja sample of 177 firms.Using the Akaike and Schwarz Information Criteria, the empirical evidence supports the existence of a nested structure, where the decision about exporting precedes the export mode decision. The implications and contributions of the findings are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20logit%20model" title="sequential logit model">sequential logit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stage%20choice%20process" title=" two-stage choice process"> two-stage choice process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20mode" title=" export mode"> export mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wine%20industry" title=" wine industry"> wine industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188904/simultaneous-versus-sequential-model-in-foreign-entry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4057</span> Modelling Mode Choice Behaviour Using Cloud Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leah%20Wright">Leah Wright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trevor%20Townsend"> Trevor Townsend</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mode choice models are crucial instruments in the analysis of travel behaviour. These models show the relationship between an individual’s choice of transportation mode for a given O-D pair and the individual’s socioeconomic characteristics such as household size and income level, age and/or gender, and the features of the transportation system. The most popular functional forms of these models are based on Utility-Based Choice Theory, which addresses the uncertainty in the decision-making process with the use of an error term. However, with the development of artificial intelligence, many researchers have started to take a different approach to travel demand modelling. In recent times, researchers have looked at using neural networks, fuzzy logic and rough set theory to develop improved mode choice formulas. The concept of cloud theory has recently been introduced to model decision-making under uncertainty. Unlike the previously mentioned theories, cloud theory recognises a relationship between randomness and fuzziness, two of the most common types of uncertainty. This research aims to investigate the use of cloud theory in mode choice models. This paper highlights the conceptual framework of the mode choice model using cloud theory. Merging decision-making under uncertainty and mode choice models is state of the art. The cloud theory model is expected to address the issues and concerns with the nested logit and improve the design of mode choice models and their use in travel demand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cloud%20theory" title="Cloud theory">Cloud theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20choice%20models" title=" mode choice models"> mode choice models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20behaviour" title=" travel behaviour"> travel behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56507/modelling-mode-choice-behaviour-using-cloud-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4056</span> Research on Models and Selection of Entry Strategies for Catering Industry Based on the Evolutionary Game Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianxin%20Zhu">Jianxin Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Liu"> Na Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entry strategies play a vital role in the development of new enterprises in the catering industry. Different entry strategies will have different effects on the development of new enterprise. Based on the research of scholars at home and abroad, and combining the characteristics of the catering industry, the entry strategies are divided into low-price entry strategies and high-quality entry strategies. Facing the entry of new enterprise, the strategies of incumbent enterprises are divided into response strategies and non-response strategies. This paper uses evolutionary game theory to study the strategic interaction mechanism between incumbent companies and new enterprises. When different initial values and parameter values are set, which strategy will the two-game subjects choose, respectively? Using matlab2016 for numerical simulation, the results show that the choice of strategies for new enterprise and incumbent enterprise is influenced by more than one factor, and the system has different evolution trends under different circumstances. When the parameters were set, the choice of two subjects' strategies mainly depends on the net profit between the strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catering%20industry" title="catering industry">catering industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20strategy" title=" entry strategy"> entry strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20game" title=" evolutionary game"> evolutionary game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20interaction%20mechanism" title=" strategic interaction mechanism"> strategic interaction mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121230/research-on-models-and-selection-of-entry-strategies-for-catering-industry-based-on-the-evolutionary-game-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4055</span> A Study of Mode Choice Model Improvement Considering Age Grouping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Hyun%20Seo">Young-Hyun Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyunwoo%20Park"> Hyunwoo Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Kyu%20Kim"> Dong-Kyu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Young%20Kho"> Seung-Young Kho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is providing an improved mode choice model considering parameters including age grouping of prime-aged and old age. In this study, 2010 Household Travel Survey data were used and improper samples were removed through the analysis. Chosen alternative, date of birth, mode, origin code, destination code, departure time, and arrival time are considered from Household Travel Survey. By preprocessing data, travel time, travel cost, mode, and ratio of people aged 45 to 55 years, 55 to 65 years and over 65 years were calculated. After the manipulation, the mode choice model was constructed using LIMDEP by maximum likelihood estimation. A significance test was conducted for nine parameters, three age groups for three modes. Then the test was conducted again for the mode choice model with significant parameters, travel cost variable and travel time variable. As a result of the model estimation, as the age increases, the preference for the car decreases and the preference for the bus increases. This study is meaningful in that the individual and households characteristics are applied to the aggregate model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20grouping" title="age grouping">age grouping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title=" aging"> aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20choice%20model" title=" mode choice model"> mode choice model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinomial%20logit%20model" title=" multinomial logit model"> multinomial logit model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69640/a-study-of-mode-choice-model-improvement-considering-age-grouping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4054</span> Research on Intercity Travel Mode Choice Behavior Considering Traveler’s Heterogeneity and Psychological Latent Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue%20Huang">Yue Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongcheng%20Gan"> Hongcheng Gan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new urbanization pattern has led to a rapid growth in demand for short-distance intercity travel, and the emergence of new travel modes has also increased the variety of intercity travel options. In previous studies on intercity travel mode choice behavior, the impact of functional amenities of travel mode and travelers’ long-term personality characteristics has rarely been considered, and empirical results have typically been calibrated using revealed preference (RP) or stated preference (SP) data. This study designed a questionnaire that combines the RP and SP experiment from the perspective of a trip chain combining inner-city and intercity mobility, with consideration for the actual condition of the Huainan-Hefei traffic corridor. On the basis of RP/SP fusion data, a hybrid choice model considering both random taste heterogeneity and psychological characteristics was established to investigate travelers’ mode choice behavior for traditional train, high-speed rail, intercity bus, private car, and intercity online car-hailing. The findings show that intercity time and cost exert the greatest influence on mode choice, with significant heterogeneity across the population. Although inner-city cost does not demonstrate a significant influence, inner-city time plays an important role. Service attributes of travel mode, such as catering and hygiene services, as well as free wireless network supply, only play a minor role in mode selection. Finally, our study demonstrates that safety-seeking tendency, hedonism, and introversion all have differential and significant effects on intercity travel mode choice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercity%20travel%20mode%20choice" title="intercity travel mode choice">intercity travel mode choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stated%20preference%20survey" title=" stated preference survey"> stated preference survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20choice%20model" title=" hybrid choice model"> hybrid choice model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RP%2FSP%20fusion%20data" title=" RP/SP fusion data"> RP/SP fusion data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20latent%20variable" title=" psychological latent variable"> psychological latent variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneity" title=" heterogeneity"> heterogeneity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174692/research-on-intercity-travel-mode-choice-behavior-considering-travelers-heterogeneity-and-psychological-latent-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4053</span> Determinants of Market Entry Modes Used by Universities to Expand Internationally</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Bhayani">Ali Bhayani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article analyses determinants of the market entry modes used by corporate firms to expand internationally and explore whether higher education institutions uses the same determinants to decide on mode adopted to enter the market. Determinants like transaction costs, location advantage, idiosyncratic capabilities, isomorphic pressure to mimic, psychic distance, uncertainty, risks, the control over academic process, previous internationalisation experience and entry to homogenous markets are considered with regards to universities. A sample consisting of 40+ branch campuses from United Arab Emirates (UAE), host to highest number of branch campuses, is selected to study the determinants of the entry modes adopted. The aim of this article is not to prescribe or offer a solution for the best-available model of market entry that can be adopted by universities but rather to act as a trigger for a critical check up on universities planning to internationalize their offering. Determinants like idiosyncratic capabilities, isomorphic pressure and control over the academic process were found to be most prevalent. However, determinants like transaction cost efficiency, internationalisation experience, psychic distance, uncertainty and risks are not significant factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title="higher education">higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAE" title=" UAE"> UAE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internationalisation" title=" internationalisation"> internationalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20entry" title=" market entry"> market entry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20branch%20campuses" title=" international branch campuses"> international branch campuses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24268/determinants-of-market-entry-modes-used-by-universities-to-expand-internationally" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4052</span> Evaluation of Neighbourhood Characteristics and Active Transport Mode Choice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayebeh%20Saghapour">Tayebeh Saghapour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Moridpour"> Sara Moridpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russell%20George%20Thompson"> Russell George Thompson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the common aims of transport policy makers is to switch people’s travel to active transport. For this purpose, a variety of transport goals and investments should be programmed to increase the propensity towards active transport mode choice. This paper aims to investigate whether built environment features in neighbourhoods could enhance the odds of active transportation. The present study introduces an index measuring public transport accessibility (PTAI), and a walkability index along with socioeconomic variables to investigate mode choice behaviour. Using travel behaviour data, an ordered logit regression model is applied to examine the impacts of explanatory variables on walking trips. The findings indicated that high rates of active travel are consistently associated with higher levels of walking and public transport accessibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20transport" title="active transport">active transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport%20accessibility" title=" public transport accessibility"> public transport accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walkability" title=" walkability"> walkability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordered%20logit%20model" title=" ordered logit model"> ordered logit model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57760/evaluation-of-neighbourhood-characteristics-and-active-transport-mode-choice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4051</span> Factors That Influence Choice of Walking Mode in Work Trips: Case Study of Rasht, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nima%20Safaei">Nima Safaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arezoo%20Masoud"> Arezoo Masoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Safaei"> Babak Safaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the role of urban planning in walking capability and the effects of individual and socioeconomic factors on the physical activity levels of city dwellers. Although considerable number of studies are conducted about walkability and for identifying the effective factors in walking mode choice in developed countries, to our best knowledge, literature lacks in the study of factors affecting choice of walking mode in developing countries. Due to the high importance of health aspects of human societies and in order to make insights and incentives for reducing traffic during rush hours, many researchers and policy makers in the field of transportation planning have devoted much attention to walkability studies; they have tried to improve the effective factors in the choice of walking mode in city neighborhoods. In this study, effective factors in walkability that have proven to have significant impact on the choice of walking mode, are studied at the same time in work trips. The data for the study is collected from the employees in their workplaces by well-instructed people using questionnaires; the statistical population of the study consists of 117 employed people who commute daily from work to home in Rasht city of Iran during the beginning of spring 2015. Results of the study which are found through the linear regression modeling, show that people who do not have freedom of choice for choosing their living locations and need to be present at their workplaces in certain hours have lower levels of walking. Additionally, unlike some of the previous studies which were conducted in developed countries, coincidental effects of Body Mass Index (BMI) and the income level of employees, do not have a significant effect on the walking level in work travels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMI" title="BMI">BMI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20regression" title=" linear regression"> linear regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walking" title=" walking"> walking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20trips" title=" work trips"> work trips</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89469/factors-that-influence-choice-of-walking-mode-in-work-trips-case-study-of-rasht-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4050</span> Modeling Route Selection Using Real-Time Information and GPS Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Albeiro%20Alvarez">William Albeiro Alvarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20Patricia%20Jaramillo"> Gloria Patricia Jaramillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Reinaldo%20Sarmiento"> Ivan Reinaldo Sarmiento</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the behavior of individuals and the different human factors that influence the choice when faced with a complex system such as transportation is one of the most complicated aspects of measuring in the components that constitute the modeling of route choice due to that various behaviors and driving mode directly or indirectly affect the choice. During the last two decades, with the development of information and communications technologies, new data collection techniques have emerged such as GPS, geolocation with mobile phones, apps for choosing the route between origin and destination, individual service transport applications among others, where an interest has been generated to improve discrete choice models when considering the incorporation of these developments as well as psychological factors that affect decision making. This paper implements a discrete choice model that proposes and estimates a hybrid model that integrates route choice models and latent variables based on the observation on the route of a sample of public taxi drivers from the city of Medellín, Colombia in relation to its behavior, personality, socioeconomic characteristics, and driving mode. The set of choice options includes the routes generated by the individual service transport applications versus the driver's choice. The hybrid model consists of measurement equations that relate latent variables with measurement indicators and utilities with choice indicators along with structural equations that link the observable characteristics of drivers with latent variables and explanatory variables with utilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20choice%20model" title="behavior choice model">behavior choice model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20factors" title=" human factors"> human factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20model" title=" hybrid model"> hybrid model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time%20data" title=" real time data"> real time data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119103/modeling-route-selection-using-real-time-information-and-gps-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4049</span> Impact of Proposed Modal Shift from Private Users to Bus Rapid Transit System: An Indian City Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Kumar">Rakesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Electricwala"> Fatima Electricwala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the major thrusts of the Bus Rapid Transit System is to reduce the commuter’s dependency on private vehicles and increase the shares of public transport to make urban transportation system environmentally sustainable. In this study, commuter mode choice analysis is performed that examines behavioral responses to the proposed Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Surat, with estimation of the probable shift from private mode to public mode. Further, evaluation of the BRTS scenarios, using Surat’s transportation ecological footprint was done. A multi-modal simulation model was developed in Biogeme environment to explicitly consider private users behaviors and non-linear environmental impact. The data of the different factors (variables) and its impact that might cause modal shift of private mode users to proposed BRTS were collected through home-interview survey using revealed and stated preference approach. A multi modal logit model of mode-choice was then calibrated using the collected data and validated using proposed sample. From this study, a set of perception factors, with reliable and predictable data base, to explain the variation in modal shift behaviour and their impact on Surat’s ecological environment has been identified. A case study of the proposed BRTS connecting the Surat Industrial Hub to the coastal area is provided to illustrate the approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRTS" title="BRTS">BRTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20modes" title=" private modes"> private modes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20choice%20models" title=" mode choice models"> mode choice models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20footprint" title=" ecological footprint"> ecological footprint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6459/impact-of-proposed-modal-shift-from-private-users-to-bus-rapid-transit-system-an-indian-city-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4048</span> Formative Assessment in an Introductory Python Programming Course</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Jos%C3%A9%20N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez-Ruiz">María José Núñez-Ruiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20%C3%81lvarez-Gonz%C3%A1lez"> Luis Álvarez-González</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristian%20Olivares-Rodriguez"> Cristian Olivares-Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Lazo-Letelier"> Benjamin Lazo-Letelier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper begins with some concept of formative assessment and the relationship with learning objective: contents objectives, processes objectives, and metacognitive objectives. Two methodologies are describes Evidence-Based teaching and Question Drive Instruction. To do formative assessments in larges classes a Classroom Response System (CRS) is needed. But most of CRS use only Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), True/False question, or text entry; however, this is insufficient to formative assessment. To do that a new CRS, call FAMA was developed. FAMA support six types of questions: Choice, Order, Inline choice, Text entry, Associated, and Slider. An experiment participated in 149 students from four engineering careers. For results, Kendall's Range Correlation Analysis and descriptive analysis was done. In conclusion, there is a strong relation between contents question, process questions (ask in formative assessment without a score) and metacognitive questions, asked in summative assessment. As future work, the lecturer can do personalized teaching, because knows the behavior of all students in each formative assessment <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Python%20language" title="Python language">Python language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formative%20assessment" title=" formative assessment"> formative assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classroom%20response%20systems" title=" classroom response systems"> classroom response systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence-Based%20teaching" title=" evidence-Based teaching"> evidence-Based teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=question%20drive%20instruction" title=" question drive instruction"> question drive instruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120270/formative-assessment-in-an-introductory-python-programming-course" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4047</span> Mode Choice for School Trip of Children’s Independence Mobility: A Case Study of School Proximity to Mass Transit Stations in Bangkok, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phannarithisen%20Ong">Phannarithisen Ong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children's independent mobility for school trips promotes physical and mental well-being, reduces parental chauffeuring and traffic congestion, and boosts children's public confidence. However, in Thailand, despite a decade of rail mass transit development in Bangkok City, cars still queue to drop students at schools near transit stations. This worsens congestion, urging better independent mobility among children in mass transit regions. The high reliance on the private vehicle will influence the private mode in the children's adulthood. This research emphasizes mass transit use among high school students near transit systems. Through a questionnaire survey, quantitative and qualitative methods reveal key factors impacting school trip mode choice. Preliminary findings highlight children's independence as crucial. The socioeconomic, demographic, trip, and transportation traits explain private car use, even schools near mass transit stations. The outcomes of this study will shed light on urban strategic policies for improvement, advocacy, and encouragement of students using mass transit for school trips, which will help normalize the use of mass transit for such trips. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%27s%20independence%20mobility" title="children's independence mobility">children's independence mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20choice" title=" mode choice"> mode choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20trips" title=" school trips"> school trips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOD" title=" TOD"> TOD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraneous%20variable" title=" extraneous variable"> extraneous variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%27s%20independency" title=" children's independency"> children's independency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171652/mode-choice-for-school-trip-of-childrens-independence-mobility-a-case-study-of-school-proximity-to-mass-transit-stations-in-bangkok-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4046</span> Numerical Predictions of Trajectory Stability of a High-Speed Water-Entry and Water-Exit Projectile </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Lu">Lin Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Li"> Qiang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Cai"> Tao Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengjun%20Zhang"> Pengjun Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a detailed analysis of trajectory stability and flow characteristics of a high-speed projectile during the water-entry and water-exit process has been investigated numerically. The Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (Z-G-B) cavitation model and the SST k-ω turbulence model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method are employed. The numerical methodology is validated by comparing the experimental photograph of cavitation shape and the experimental underwater velocity with the numerical simulation results. Based on the numerical methodology, the influences of rotational speed, water-entry and water-exit angle of the projectile on the trajectory stability and flow characteristics have been carried out in detail. The variation features of projectile trajectory and total resistance have been conducted, respectively. In addition, the cavitation characteristics of water-entry and water-exit have been presented and analyzed. Results show that it may not be applicable for the water-entry and water-exit to achieve the projectile stability through the rotation of projectile. Furthermore, there ought to be a critical water-entry angle for the water-entry stability of practical projectile. The impact of water-exit angle on the trajectory stability and cavity phenomenon is not as remarkable as that of the water-entry angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation%20characteristics" title="cavitation characteristics">cavitation characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20projectile" title=" high-speed projectile"> high-speed projectile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20predictions" title=" numerical predictions"> numerical predictions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory%20stability" title=" trajectory stability"> trajectory stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-entry" title=" water-entry"> water-entry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-exit" title=" water-exit"> water-exit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119865/numerical-predictions-of-trajectory-stability-of-a-high-speed-water-entry-and-water-exit-projectile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4045</span> Machine Learning Based Gender Identification of Authors of Entry Programs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Go%20Woon%20Kwak">Go Woon Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siyoung%20Jun"> Siyoung Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soyun%20Maeng"> Soyun Maeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haeyoung%20Lee"> Haeyoung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entry is an education platform used in South Korea, created to help students learn to program, in which they can learn to code while playing. Using the online version of the entry, teachers can easily assign programming homework to the student and the students can make programs simply by linking programming blocks. However, the programs may be made by others, so that the authors of the programs should be identified. In this paper, as the first step toward author identification of entry programs, we present an artificial neural network based classification approach to identify genders of authors of a program written in an entry. A neural network has been trained from labeled training data that we have collected. Our result in progress, although preliminary, shows that the proposed approach could be feasible to be applied to the online version of entry for gender identification of authors. As future work, we will first use a machine learning technique for age identification of entry programs, which would be the second step toward the author identification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=author%20identification" title=" author identification"> author identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20neural%20network" title=" deep neural network"> deep neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20identification" title=" gender identification"> gender identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66685/machine-learning-based-gender-identification-of-authors-of-entry-programs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4044</span> Factors for Entry Timing Choices Using Principal Axis Factorial Analysis and Logistic Regression Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Mat%20Isa">C. M. Mat Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mohd%20Saman"> H. Mohd Saman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Mohd%20Nasir"> S. R. Mohd Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jaapar"> A. Jaapar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International market expansion involves a strategic process of market entry decision through which a firm expands its operation from domestic to the international domain. Hence, entry timing choices require the needs to balance the early entry risks and the problems in losing opportunities as a result of late entry into a new market. Questionnaire surveys administered to 115 Malaysian construction firms operating in 51 countries worldwide have resulted in 39.1 percent response rate. Factor analysis was used to determine the most significant factors affecting entry timing choices of the firms to penetrate the international market. A logistic regression analysis used to examine the firms’ entry timing choices, indicates that the model has correctly classified 89.5 per cent of cases as late movers. The findings reveal that the most significant factor influencing the construction firms’ choices as late movers was the firm factor related to the firm’s international experience, resources, competencies and financing capacity. The study also offers valuable information to construction firms with intention to internationalize their businesses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title="factors">factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20movers" title=" early movers"> early movers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20timing%20choices" title=" entry timing choices"> entry timing choices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=late%20movers" title=" late movers"> late movers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression%20model" title=" logistic regression model"> logistic regression model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20axis%20factorial%20analysis" title=" principal axis factorial analysis"> principal axis factorial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20construction%20firms" title=" Malaysian construction firms"> Malaysian construction firms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1620/factors-for-entry-timing-choices-using-principal-axis-factorial-analysis-and-logistic-regression-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4043</span> Private University Students’ Travel Mode Choice Behaviour to University: Analysis in the Context of Dhaka City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharmin%20Nasrin">Sharmin Nasrin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. In Dhaka among other trips, significant percentages of trips comprise education trips. This paper explores significant factors for private university students’ education trip to the University. A paper pencil based survey has been conducted on Asia Pacific University student in Dhaka from May 2016 to July 2016. Participants were chosen randomly for the survey. Exploratory analysis showed that about 50% chose bus, 33% chose Rickshaw, 2% chose car and 15% chose to walk for travel to their University. Results from Multinomial Logit model revealed that travel cost, travel time and comfort are the significant factors for private university students to choose different modes. However, magnitude of coefficient of attribute comfort is significantly higher compared to travel cost and travel time. Result from this paper can be used by policymakers and Government agencies to provide more cost effective, comfortable journey to their University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20university%20student%27s%20education%20trip" title="private university student's education trip">private university student's education trip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20choice%20mode" title=" mode choice mode"> mode choice mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhaka" title=" Dhaka"> Dhaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20country" title=" developing country"> developing country</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64907/private-university-students-travel-mode-choice-behaviour-to-university-analysis-in-the-context-of-dhaka-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4042</span> A Critical Appraisal of CO₂ Entrance Pressure with Heat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrar%20Al-Mutairi">Abrar Al-Mutairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talal%20Al-Bazali"> Talal Al-Bazali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, changes in capillary entry pressure of shale, as it interacts with CO₂, under different temperatures (25 °C to 250 °C) have been investigated. The combined impact of temperature and petrophysical properties (water content, water activity, permeability and porosity) of shale was also addressed. Results showed that the capillary entry pressure of shale when it interacted with CO₂ was highly affected by temperature. In general, increasing the temperature decreased capillary entry pressure of shale. We believe that pore dilation, where pore throat size expands due to the application of heat, may have caused this decrease in capillary entry pressure of shale. However, in some cases we found that at higher temperature some shale samples showed that the temperature activated clay swelling may have caused an apparent decrease in pore throat radii of shale which translates into higher capillary entry pressure of shale. Also, our results showed that there is no distinct relationship between shale’s water content, water activity, permeability, and porosity on the capillary entry pressure of shale samples as it interacted with CO₂ at different temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat" title="heat">heat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20pressure" title="threshold pressure">threshold pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20sequestration" title=" CO₂ sequestration"> CO₂ sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale" title=" shale"> shale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148151/a-critical-appraisal-of-co2-entrance-pressure-with-heat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4041</span> A Brief of Survey on Use of Videoconferencing in Teaching during Quarantine Conducted in Sao Paulo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernanda%20Laureti%20T.%20Ferreira">Fernanda Laureti T. Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuo%20Nishimoto"> Kazuo Nishimoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a summary of the experience on videoconferencing tools that have been used to teach regular classes during this pandemic period in educational institutions in São Paulo, which tools and applications are most used and the challenges related to this mode of delivery. At this moment, the massive online education is not a choice of students or a structured development of education system, but a solution that emerged to attend urgent needs and it presents the opportunity to teach and learning available for the most students in this single time of social isolation that forced among others, this significant change for education, students, teachers, institutions and families. Distance education enables synchronous and asynchronous mode classes, and even though the current circumstances generate discomfort and uncertainty, on the other hand, there is a chance to promote a 'learning to learn'. The videoconference is a preferred choice of schools because synchronous mode to give more interaction between a group of students and teachers, but this mode requires specifics teacher competencies and skills, in addition to equipment and provision of adequate internet signal for all participants of the process. The approach is making use of known technical information about video conference tools and the results of search answered by a group of students, teachers, schools, and parents. The results presented refer to the perspectives of students and parents as respondents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20education" title="distance education">distance education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20on%20education" title=" interaction on education"> interaction on education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20classes" title=" online classes"> online classes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20e-learning" title=" synchronous e-learning"> synchronous e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=videoconference" title=" videoconference"> videoconference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127640/a-brief-of-survey-on-use-of-videoconferencing-in-teaching-during-quarantine-conducted-in-sao-paulo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4040</span> The Initiation of Privatization, Market Structure, and Free Entry with Vertically Related Markets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Yi%20Chen">Hung-Yi Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Jye%20Wu"> Shih-Jye Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The existing literature provides little discussion on why a public monopolist gives up its market dominant position and allows private firms entering the market. We argue that the privatization of a public monopolist under a vertically related market may induce the entry of private firms. We develop a model of a mixed oligopoly with vertically related markets to explain the change in the market from a public monopolist to a mixed oligopoly and examine issues on privatizing the downstream public enterprise both in the short run and long run in the vertically related markets. We first show that the welfare-maximizing public monopoly firm is suboptimal in the vertically related markets. This is due to the fact that the privatization will reduce the input price charged by the upstream foreign monopolist. Further, the privatization will induce the entry of private firms since input price will decrease after privatization. Third, we demonstrate that the complete privatizing the public firm becomes a possible solution if the entry cost of private firm is low. Finally, we indicate that the public firm should partially privatize if the free-entry of private firms is allowed. JEL classification: F12, F14, L32, L33 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20entry" title="free entry">free entry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20oligopoly" title=" mixed oligopoly"> mixed oligopoly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20monopoly" title=" public monopoly"> public monopoly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20initiation%20of%20privatization" title=" the initiation of privatization"> the initiation of privatization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertically%20related%20markets" title=" vertically related markets"> vertically related markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20oligopoly" title=" mixed oligopoly"> mixed oligopoly</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99094/the-initiation-of-privatization-market-structure-and-free-entry-with-vertically-related-markets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4039</span> Globalization and Foreign Bank Entry in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eda%20Orhun">Eda Orhun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turkey stayed as a closed economy until the beginning of 1980s. This changed with the de-regulation and the liberalization program that was adopted by the government at that time. This re-structuring program also affected the Turkish banking system by triggering more foreign bank entry. While the number of foreign banks have been increasing, the number of (local) private banks have been decreasing especially after the currency crisis of 2001. This outcome is largely due to increased acquisitions of (local) private banks by foreign entrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisitions" title="acquisitions">acquisitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de-regulation" title=" de-regulation"> de-regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20bank%20entry" title=" foreign bank entry"> foreign bank entry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21648/globalization-and-foreign-bank-entry-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4038</span> Aerodynamic Prediction and Performance Analysis for Mars Science Laboratory Entry Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tang%20Wei">Tang Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Xiaofeng"> Yang Xiaofeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gui%20Yewei"> Gui Yewei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Du%20Yanxia"> Du Yanxia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Complex lifting entry was selected for precise landing performance during the Mars Science Laboratory entry. This study aims to develop the three-dimensional numerical method for precise computation and the surface panel method for rapid engineering prediction. Detailed flow field analysis for Mars exploration mission was performed by carrying on a series of fully three-dimensional Navier-Stokes computations. The static aerodynamic performance was then discussed, including the surface pressure, lift and drag coefficient, lift-to-drag ratio with the numerical and engineering method. Computation results shown that the shock layer is thin because of lower effective specific heat ratio, and that calculated results from both methods agree well with each other, and is consistent with the reference data. Aerodynamic performance analysis shows that CG location determines trim characteristics and pitch stability, and certain radially and axially shift of the CG location can alter the capsule lifting entry performance, which is of vital significance for the aerodynamic configuration des0ign and inner instrument layout of the Mars entry capsule. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mars%20entry%20capsule" title="Mars entry capsule">Mars entry capsule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20aerodynamics" title=" static aerodynamics"> static aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersonic" title=" hypersonic"> hypersonic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22909/aerodynamic-prediction-and-performance-analysis-for-mars-science-laboratory-entry-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4037</span> Fuzzy Logic Based Sliding Mode Controller for a New Soft Switching Boost Converter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Salimi">Azam Salimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Delshad"> Majid Delshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a modified design of a sliding mode controller based on fuzzy logic for a New ZVThigh step up DC-DC Converter . Here a proportional - integral (PI)-type current mode control is employed and a sliding mode controller is designed utilizing fuzzy algorithm. Sliding mode controller guarantees robustness against all variations and fuzzy logic helps to reduce chattering phenomenon due to sliding controller, in that way efficiency increases and error, voltage and current ripples decreases. The proposed system is simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK. This model is tested under variations of input and reference voltages and it was found that in comparison with conventional sliding mode controllers they perform better. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20mode%20power%20supplies" title="switching mode power supplies">switching mode power supplies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-DC%20converters" title=" DC-DC converters"> DC-DC converters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title=" sliding mode control"> sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20control" title=" fuzzy control"> fuzzy control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20mode%20control" title=" current mode control"> current mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20behavior" title=" non-linear behavior"> non-linear behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28763/fuzzy-logic-based-sliding-mode-controller-for-a-new-soft-switching-boost-converter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4036</span> Optimizing Approach for Sifting Process to Solve a Common Type of Empirical Mode Decomposition Mode Mixing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Al-Baddai">Saad Al-Baddai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karema%20Al-Subari"> Karema Al-Subari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmar%20Lang"> Elmar Lang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Ludwig"> Bernd Ludwig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), a new data-driven of time-series decomposition, has the advantage of supposing that a time series is non-linear or non-stationary, as is implicitly achieved in Fourier decomposition. However, the EMD suffers of mode mixing problem in some cases. The aim of this paper is to present a solution for a common type of signals causing of EMD mode mixing problem, in case a signal suffers of an intermittency. By an artificial example, the solution shows superior performance in terms of cope EMD mode mixing problem comparing with the conventional EMD and Ensemble Empirical Mode decomposition (EEMD). Furthermore, the over-sifting problem is also completely avoided; and computation load is reduced roughly six times compared with EEMD, an ensemble number of 50. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20mode%20decomposition%20%28EMD%29" title="empirical mode decomposition (EMD)">empirical mode decomposition (EMD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20mixing" title=" mode mixing"> mode mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sifting%20process" title=" sifting process"> sifting process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=over-sifting" title=" over-sifting"> over-sifting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73126/optimizing-approach-for-sifting-process-to-solve-a-common-type-of-empirical-mode-decomposition-mode-mixing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4035</span> The Behavior of The Zeros of Bargmann Analytic Functions for Multiple-Mode Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muna%20Tabuni">Muna Tabuni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper contains an investigation of the behavior of the Zeros of Bargmann functions for one and two-mode systems. A brief introduction to Harmonic oscillator formalism for one and two-mode is given. The Bargmann analytic representation for one and two-mode has been studied. The zeros of Bargmann analytic function for one-mode are considered. The Q Husimi functions are introduced. The Bargmann functions and the Husimi functions have the same zeros. The Bargmann functions f(z) have exactly q zeros. The evolution time of the zeros are discussed. The zeros of Bargmann analytic functions for two-mode are introduced. Various examples have been given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bargmann%20functions" title="Bargmann functions">Bargmann functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-mode" title=" two-mode"> two-mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeros" title=" zeros"> zeros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20oscillator" title=" harmonic oscillator"> harmonic oscillator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20682/the-behavior-of-the-zeros-of-bargmann-analytic-functions-for-multiple-mode-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4034</span> A Semiparametric Approach to Estimate the Mode of Continuous Multivariate Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiee-Jian%20Wu">Tiee-Jian Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Yuan%20Hsu"> Chih-Yuan Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mode estimation is an important task, because it has applications to data from a wide variety of sources. We propose a semi-parametric approach to estimate the mode of an unknown continuous multivariate density function. Our approach is based on a weighted average of a parametric density estimate using the Box-Cox transform and a non-parametric kernel density estimate. Our semi-parametric mode estimate improves both the parametric- and non-parametric- mode estimates. Specifically, our mode estimate solves the non-consistency problem of parametric mode estimates (at large sample sizes) and reduces the variability of non-parametric mode estimates (at small sample sizes). The performance of our method at practical sample sizes is demonstrated by simulation examples and two real examples from the fields of climatology and image recognition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Box-Cox%20transform" title="Box-Cox transform">Box-Cox transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20estimation" title=" density estimation"> density estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20seeking" title=" mode seeking"> mode seeking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiparametric%20method" title=" semiparametric method"> semiparametric method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53756/a-semiparametric-approach-to-estimate-the-mode-of-continuous-multivariate-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4033</span> Eye Diagram for a System of Highly Mode Coupled PMD/PDL Fiber </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suad%20M.%20Abuzariba">Suad M. Abuzariba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Chen"> Liang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Hadjifaradji"> Saeed Hadjifaradji </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate the optical eye diagram due to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), polarization-dependent loss (PDL), and chromatic dispersion (CD) for a system of highly mode coupled fiber with lumped section at any given optical pulse sequence we present an analytical modle. We found that with considering PDL and the polarization direction correlation between PMD and PDL, a system with highly mode coupled fiber with lumped section can have either higher or lower Q-factor than a highly mode coupled system with same root mean square PDL/PMD values. Also we noticed that a system of two highly mode coupled fibers connected together is not equivalent to a system of highly mode coupled fiber when fluctuation is considered <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20mode%20dispersion" title="polarization mode dispersion">polarization mode dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20dependent%20loss" title=" polarization dependent loss"> polarization dependent loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20dispersion" title=" chromatic dispersion"> chromatic dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20eye%20diagram" title=" optical eye diagram"> optical eye diagram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14665/eye-diagram-for-a-system-of-highly-mode-coupled-pmdpdl-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">865</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4032</span> Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Controller For Quadrotor UAV</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Tabrizi">Vahid Tabrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20GHasemi">Reza GHasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmadreza%20Vali">Ahmadreza Vali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents robust nonlinear control law for a quadrotor UAV using fast terminal sliding mode control. Fast terminal sliding mode idea is used for introducing a nonlinear sliding variable that guarantees the finite time convergence in sliding phase. Then, in reaching phase for removing chattering and producing smooth control signal, continuous approximation idea is used. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is robust against parameter uncertainty and has better performance than conventional sliding mode for controlling a quadrotor UAV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrotor%20UAV" title="quadrotor UAV">quadrotor UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20terminal%20sliding%20mode" title=" fast terminal sliding mode"> fast terminal sliding mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20order%20sliding%20mode%20t" title=" second order sliding mode t"> second order sliding mode t</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16258/fast-terminal-sliding-mode-controller-for-quadrotor-uav" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4031</span> Transport Mode Selection under Lead Time Variability and Emissions Constraint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiranjit%20Das">Chiranjit Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Jharkharia"> Sanjay Jharkharia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is focused on transport mode selection under lead time variability and emissions constraint. In order to reduce the carbon emissions generation due to transportation, organization has often faced a dilemmatic choice of transport mode selection since logistic cost and emissions reduction are complementary with each other. Another important aspect of transportation decision is lead-time variability which is least considered in transport mode selection problem. Thus, in this study, we provide a comprehensive mathematical based analytical model to decide transport mode selection under emissions constraint. We also extend our work through analysing the effect of lead time variability in the transport mode selection by a sensitivity analysis. In order to account lead time variability into the model, two identically normally distributed random variables are incorporated in this study including unit lead time variability and lead time demand variability. Therefore, in this study, we are addressing following questions: How the decisions of transport mode selection will be affected by lead time variability? How lead time variability will impact on total supply chain cost under carbon emissions? To accomplish these objectives, a total transportation cost function is developed including unit purchasing cost, unit transportation cost, emissions cost, holding cost during lead time, and penalty cost for stock out due to lead time variability. A set of modes is available to transport each node, in this paper, we consider only four transport modes such as air, road, rail, and water. Transportation cost, distance, emissions level for each transport mode is considered as deterministic and static in this paper. Each mode is having different emissions level depending on the distance and product characteristics. Emissions cost is indirectly affected by the lead time variability if there is any switching of transport mode from lower emissions prone transport mode to higher emissions prone transport mode in order to reduce penalty cost. We provide a numerical analysis in order to study the effectiveness of the mathematical model. We found that chances of stock out during lead time will be higher due to the higher variability of lead time and lad time demand. Numerical results show that penalty cost of air transport mode is negative that means chances of stock out zero, but, having higher holding and emissions cost. Therefore, air transport mode is only selected when there is any emergency order to reduce penalty cost, otherwise, rail and road transport is the most preferred mode of transportation. Thus, this paper is contributing to the literature by a novel approach to decide transport mode under emissions cost and lead time variability. This model can be extended by studying the effect of lead time variability under some other strategic transportation issues such as modal split option, full truck load strategy, and demand consolidation strategy etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emissions" title="carbon emissions">carbon emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20theoretic%20model" title=" inventory theoretic model"> inventory theoretic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20time%20variability" title=" lead time variability"> lead time variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20mode%20selection" title=" transport mode selection"> transport mode selection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68507/transport-mode-selection-under-lead-time-variability-and-emissions-constraint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4030</span> Disaggregate Travel Behavior and Transit Shift Analysis for a Transit Deficient Metropolitan City </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sultan%20Ahmad%20Azizi">Sultan Ahmad Azizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurang%20J.%20Joshi"> Gaurang J. Joshi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban transportation has come to lime light in recent times due to deteriorating travel quality. The economic growth of India has boosted significant rise in private vehicle ownership in cities, whereas public transport systems have largely been ignored in metropolitan cities. Even though there is latent demand for public transport systems like organized bus services, most of the metropolitan cities have unsustainably low share of public transport. Unfortunately, Indian metropolitan cities have failed to maintain balance in mode share of various travel modes in absence of timely introduction of mass transit system of required capacity and quality. As a result, personalized travel modes like two wheelers have become principal modes of travel, which cause significant environmental, safety and health hazard to the citizens. Of late, the policy makers have realized the need to improve public transport system in metro cities for sustaining the development. However, the challenge to the transit planning authorities is to design a transit system for cities that may attract people to switch over from their existing and rather convenient mode of travel to the transit system under the influence of household socio-economic characteristics and the given travel pattern. In this context, the fast-growing industrial city of Surat is taken up as a case for the study of likely shift to bus transit. Deterioration of public transport system of bus after 1998, has led to tremendous growth in two-wheeler traffic on city roads. The inadequate and poor service quality of present bus transit has failed to attract the riders and correct the mode use balance in the city. The disaggregate travel behavior for trip generations and the travel mode choice has been studied for the West Adajan residential sector of city. Mode specific utility functions are calibrated under multi-nominal logit environment for two-wheeler, cars and auto rickshaws with respect to bus transit using SPSS. Estimation of shift to bus transit is carried indicate an average 30% of auto rickshaw users and nearly 5% of 2W users are likely to shift to bus transit if service quality is improved. However, car users are not expected to shift to bus transit system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20transit" title="bus transit">bus transit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaggregate%20travel%20nehavior" title=" disaggregate travel nehavior"> disaggregate travel nehavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20choice%20Behavior" title=" mode choice Behavior"> mode choice Behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport" title=" public transport "> public transport </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124466/disaggregate-travel-behavior-and-transit-shift-analysis-for-a-transit-deficient-metropolitan-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20mode%20choice&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20mode%20choice&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20mode%20choice&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20mode%20choice&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20mode%20choice&page=6">6</a></li> 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