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Poète japonais, compilateur de la première anthologie officielle, le Recueil [ des waka ] de jadis et de naguère ( Kokin [ waka ] shū , 905), auteur du premier journal poétique ( uta nikki ) rédigé en langue japonaise. La célèbre préface qu'il..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/ki/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biographie de KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biographie de KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945). Poète japonais, compilateur de la première anthologie officielle, le Recueil [ des waka ] de jadis et de naguère ( Kokin [ waka ] shū , 905), auteur du premier journal poétique ( uta nikki ) rédigé en langue japonaise. La célèbre préface qu'il..." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@universalisfr" /> <meta name="location" content="France" /> <meta name="rating" content="General" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="resource-type" content="document" /> <meta name="copyright" content="© Copyright 2024 - Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no,date=no,address=no,email=no,url=no" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_shared/pub/pub.css?1737972863" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/home.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/classification.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/ki/" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Biographie de KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945)","headline":"Biographie de KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945)","description":"Biographie de KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945). Po\u00e8te japonais, compilateur de la premi\u00e8re anthologie officielle, le Recueil [ des waka ] de jadis et de nagu\u00e8re ( Kokin [ waka ] sh\u016b , 905), auteur du premier journal po\u00e9tique ( uta nikki ) r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en langue japonaise. La c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pr\u00e9face qu'il \u00e9crivit pour le Kokin-sh\u016b fait aussi de lui le premier th\u00e9oricien et critique du waka (po\u00e9sie de langue japonaise, par opposition au kanshi , de langue chinoise).. 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data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT232327_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT232327_0"></i><p> Poète japonais, compilateur de la première anthologie officielle, le <em>Recueil</em>[<em>des waka</em>]<em> de jadis et de naguère</em> (<em>Kokin </em>[<em>waka</em>]<em> shū</em>, 905), auteur du premier journal poétique (<em>uta nikki</em>) rédigé en langue japonaise. La célèbre préface qu'il écrivit pour le <em>Kokin-shū</em> fait aussi de lui le premier théoricien et critique du <em>waka</em> (poésie de langue japonaise, par opposition au <em>kanshi</em>, de langue chinoise).</p><p>Tsurayuki est certainement la plus forte personnalité littéraire de son siècle ; les règles qu'il a définies pour la composition du <em>Kokin-shū</em> s'imposeront aux vingt recueils officiels qui lui succèderont jusqu'au <span class="pc">xv</span><sup>e</sup> siècle ; de même, les <em>uta nikki</em> des dames de la cour de Heian s'inspireront de la forme de son <em>Journal de Tosa</em> (<em>Tosa-nikki</em>, 935). Nommé en 930 gouverneur de la province de Tosa, dans l'île de Shikoku, Tsurayuki y séjourne jusqu'au début de l'an 935, date à laquelle il entreprend son voyage de retour pour la capitale, voyage par mer, semé d'embûches, coupé de réceptions officielles dans les ports d'escale. Le <em>Tosa nikki</em> est la relation jour par jour de ce voyage, relation que l'auteur attribue à une femme de sa suite, car un haut fonctionnaire lettré de son rang se devait d'écrire en chinois. Devant le succès remporté par cet essai, l'anonymat ne fut sans doute pas longtemps respecté, car aucun doute ne s'est jamais élevé quant à l'identité de l'auteur. Malgré quelques relents de préciosité, malgré certaines recherches à la chinoise qui trahissent le savant poète de cour, le <em>Tosa nikki</em>, coup d'essai du journal poétique et l'un des trois plus anciens textes connus en prose japonaise, peut être considéré comme le modèle et le chef-d'œuvre du genre, souvent imité, jamais égalé.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — René SIEFFERT</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T232327_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="SIEFFERT, René"><a title="Auteur : René SIEFFERT" rel="author" href="/auteurs/rene-sieffert/"><strong>René SIEFFERT</strong></a> : professeur à l'Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945)" href="/carte-mentale/ki/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT232327_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Littératures" href="/classification/litteratures/"> Littératures </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/"> Écrivains </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains d'Asie" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-d-asie/"> Écrivains d'Asie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Écrivains japonais"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains japonais" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-d-asie/ecrivains-japonais/"> Écrivains japonais </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT232327_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/kokin-shu-oeuvre-anonyme/"> <span class="rg">KOKIN-SHŪ </span><span class="rm">(905), </span><em class="it">œuvre anonyme</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">René SIEFFERT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">412 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Première des vingt et une anthologies classiques du <em>waka</em> (poésie de langue japonaise), le <em>Recueil</em>[<em>des waka</em>]<em> de jadis et naguère</em> (<em>Kokin</em>[<em>waka</em>]<em>shū</em>, ou <em>Kokin-shū</em>) fut compilé en 905 sur l'ordre de l'empereur Daigo, par une commission de poètes présidée par <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945). Poète japonais, compilateur de la première anthologie officielle, le Recueil [ des waka ] de jadis et de naguère ( Kokin [ waka ] shū , 905), auteur du premier journal poétique ( uta nikki ) rédigé en langue japonaise. La célèbre préface qu'il écrivit pour le Kokin-shū fait aussi de lui le premier théoricien et critique du waka (po�..." title="Article : KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945)" href="/encyclopedie/ki/">Ki</a> no Tsurayuki. Comme...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/lyrisme/#c15354"> <span class="rg">LYRISME</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jamel Eddine BENCHEIKH</span> , <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre DIÉNY</span> , <span rel="author">Jean-Michel MAULPOIX</span> , <span rel="author">Vincent MONTEIL</span> et <span rel="author">René SIEFFERT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">10 728 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : LYRISME" href="/encyclopedie/lyrisme/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Lamartine - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/2/csm_ph991801_bb2a0d0492.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...parfaitement décrit dans les premières lignes de la préface du <em>Kokin waka shū </em>(<em>Recueil de poèmes japonais de jadis et naguère</em>), rédigée en 905 par <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945). Poète japonais, compilateur de la première anthologie officielle, le Recueil [ des waka ] de jadis et de naguère ( Kokin [ waka ] shū , 905), auteur du premier journal poétique ( uta nikki ) rédigé en langue japonaise. La célèbre préface qu'il écrivit pour le Kokin-shū fait aussi de lui le premier théoricien et critique du waka (po�..." title="Article : KI NO TSURAYUKI (872 env.-945)" href="/encyclopedie/ki/">Ki</a> no Tsurayuki (mort en 945) : « Le chant du Yamato germe dans le cœur de l'homme et s'épanouit en un feuillage de myriades de paroles. C'est ainsi que... </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT232327_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : POÉSIE JAPONAISE" href="/index/poesie-japonaise/"> <span class="rg">POÉSIE JAPONAISE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JAPONAISE LITTÉRATURE" href="/index/litterature-japonaise/"> <span class="rg">JAPONAISE </span><span class="pc">LITTÉRATURE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : WAKA, genre littéraire japonais" href="/index/waka-genre-litteraire-japonais/"> <span class="rg">WAKA, </span><em class="it">genre littéraire japonais</em> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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